Healthy

people 2010
 Chapter 2
Healthy people 2010
• Federal health promotion and disease prevention
agenda developed to promote healthy life styles.
• Effort of multiple resources.
• Built on a foundation of scientific evidence and
• Designed to measure progress over time.
• Purpose
• promoting health and preventing illness, disability
and premature death.
• Implementation of an effective health initiative
requires a collaborative effort beyond the local
community and health care providers like with
philanthropists and political advocacy are important
• Healthy people in healthy communities is a community oriented
planning guide based on Healthy people 2010 with the purpose
of encouraging individuals to participate in achieving the goals of
national initiative…regardless of all personal aspects.
• Physical therapy educators have unique opportunities to provide
health education in their local communities….like promoting
healthy life style behaviors and providing educational material.
• Healthy people 2010 gives a framework for improving the health
of individuals, communities and nation.
• This health initiative in conjunction with Healthy people in
healthy communities work for increasing quality and years of life
and eliminating health disparities among various populations.
• Guide the development of needed health and wellness programs
for underserved populations and populations at the risk of injury
and illness
Goals
1. To increase the quality and years of healthy life.
2. To eliminate health disparities among various populations
 Goal 1
increase quality and years of healthy life.
• Varies with, gender ,Race and income…
• Gender ……..women outlive men by 6 years
• Race…African-American males live longer than Caucasian.
• Income …those who earn less then 10,000 have
diminished life expectancy compared to those who earn
at least 25,000 per year
• Quality of life…the sense of satisfaction and happiness
with one’s life and environment.
• Health related Quality of life…personal sense of physical
and mental health and the ability to react to factors in
the physical and social environments.
• Based on one's overall perceived health and rated
as poor, fair, good, very good and excellent…or
• Number of days that a person regards as
“healthy”.
• According to healthy people progress report…

• “People in the lowest income thresholds are five

times more likely to report their health as fair or
poor than higher income. A high %age of women
reported their health as fair or poor compared to
men. Adult in rural areas are 36 % more likely to
report health status as fair or poor than urban.”
 Goal 2: Eliminate health disparities among
various populations.
• Gender , race or ethnicity ,income level ,
geographic location and disabilities are factors
contribute to disparities

1. Gender differences.
• Men have shorter life expectancy and higher
death rates than women.
• Women have more depression, anxiety and mood
disorders.
• Men have more substance use disorder.
2. Race or ethnicity
• Biological and sociological factors contribute plus multi
factorial interactions involving genetic variations,
environmental factors and lifestyle behaviors.
• Specific factors for disparities among African-American
and American include
1. Excessive cardiovascular risk factors
2. Less education about risk factors
3. Cultural factors
4. Economic factors
5. Psychological stress, racism, frustration
3. Income and education relate to access to health
care information, activities and programming.
Greater health disparities are seen associated
with highest poverty and lowest education.
4. Disabilities
• People with disabilities have health disparities
related to their levels of physical activity.
• More anxiety, pain, sleeplessness,less assistance
to reach health care facilities.
• Our role include advocating for health care access
and facilities enabling those with disabilities to
engage in meaningful physical activity and to
maintain both a physically and mentally healthy
lifestyle.
5. Geographical orientation
• In rural areas there are more risks and fewer
preventive care services and emergency care
facilities.

q Strategies to address disparities include

• health promotion education.
• risk factor modification.
• culturally competent health care delivery and
• continued research on factors leading to such
disparities
 Objectives to improve health.
§ Healthy people 2010 contains 467 specific objectives to
improve health, organized into 28 focus area, which are:
1. Access to Quality Health Services
2. Arthritis, Osteoporosis, and Chronic Back Conditions
3. Cancer
4. Chronic Kidney Disease
5. Diabetes
6. Disability and Secondary Conditions
7. Educational and Community-Based Programs
8. Environmental Health
9. Family Planning
10. Food Safety
11. Health Communication
12. Heart Disease and Stroke
13. HIV
14. immunization and infectious diseases.
15.Violence Prevention
16.Maternal, infant, child health
17.Medical product safety
18.Mental health and mental disorders
19.Nutrition and overweight
20.Occupational safety and health
21.Oral health
22.Physical activity and fitness
23.Public health and infrastructure
24.Respiratory disease
25.Sexually transmitted diseases
26.Substance abuse
27.Tobacco use
28.Vision and hearing
 Role of physical therapist
• Capable of screening body systems for potential
disease and risk of injury in initial
screening…..Prevalence of pathologies can be
reduced through appropriate screening, referrals,
and health education to reduce risk factors.
• Encouraging individuals to maintain updated
immunizations.
• Informing clients of potential work-related
injuries and risks of physical inactivity.
• Educating clients about healthy life styles.
 National goals for Healthy people 2010
2
directly related to physical therapy
• National goals for Healthy people 2010 directly related
to physical therapy include.
1. Increase the quality and years of healthy life.
2. Increase incidence of people reporting healthy days
3. Increase incidence of people reporting active days
4. Reduce activity limitations, especially for older adults.
5. Reduce days of pain for those with arthritis,
osteoporosis and chronic back pain.
6. Increase the adaptation and maintenance of daily
physical activity.
7. Increase leisure time physical activity.
8. Increase proportion of people performing exercise
regularly.
9. Reduce the incidence of cancer and deaths from
cancer.
10. Increase the diagnosis and reduce the incidence of
type 2 D.M
11. Decrease the incidence of depression.
12. Decrease the incidence of heart diseases.
13. Decrease the incidence of high cholesterol level
14. Eliminate health disparities
15. Decrease personal stress levels and mental health
problems
16.Decrease steroid use
17.Decrease accidents, destructive habits and
environmental pollution
18.Increase proportion of people eating well.
19.Increase access of health information and
services.
20.Increase prevalence of healthy weight and
reduce prevalence of healthy weight.
q These goals can be achieved by working in
collaboration with other health care providers.
Leading Health Indicators
 Leading Health Indicators
Ten Major Public Health Issues
These are factors providing information about health and well
being of a population

1. Physical activity 6. Mental health

2. Overweight and 7. Injury and violence
obesity 8. Environmental quality
3. Tobacco use 9. Immunization
4. Substance abuse 10. Access to health care
5. Responsible sexual .
behavior
 Physical Activity
• Physical activity is a priority lifestyle that impacts
health, wellness and fitness .
• Most appropriately addressed by physical
therapist.
• Can design optimal exercise plans for both
healthy and ill individuals.
• Moderate physical activity can reduce risk of
developing heart disease, D.M, colon cancer and
Hypertension
 Physical Activity
• Physical Activity “ bodily movement that is
produced by the contraction of skeletal
muscles and that enhance energy
expenditures.”
• Moderate Physical Activity….use large muscle
groups like walking, swimming
• Vigorous Physical Activity… rhythmic,
repetitive using large muscle groups at 70% or
more maximal heart rate for age”.
• Physical activity plays an important role in
primary and secondary prevention for example
CHD.
• Physical inactivity is major risk factor for CHD.
• In young adulthood Physical inactivity is a major
predictor of cardiovascular risk factors.
• So physical therapist has role of identification of
inactive youth and prescription of appropriate
aerobic exercises to reduce cardiovascular risk
factors.
• Patient of osteoporosis and arthritis benefit from
weight bearing exercises that increase bone
mineral density, muscle strength and aerobic
fitness.
• Only a small fraction of people are involved in
regular physical activity.
• PT should address causes of inactivity like limited
facilities or safe environment.
• Programs for promotion of physical activity can
be started in all settings and monitored by
physical therapist according to specification of
population.
 Health education resources

Education about risk factors and effective

strategies.
• Self responsibility for healthy lifestyle and healthy
habits.
• Team approach to health education
• Social support to increase access to needed
resources for populations at risk.
 Parents of young children
1. Healthy nutrition
2. Fitness activities
3. Protection from injuries
4. Discipline
5. Protection against childhood illness
6. Protection from sports injuries
7. Proper nutrition for physical activity
8. Reducing childhood obesity
9. Safety when swimming( protection from skin
cancer).
 Children aged 8 to 12 years
1. Good nutrition
2. Fitness activities
3. Safety issues
4. Protection from sports injuries
5. Getting in shape (Reducing obesity).
6. Proper nutrition for physical activity
7. Safety when swimming (protection from skin
cancer).
8. Ergonomics for children
 Adolescents

1. Good nutrition
2. Fitness activities
3. Principles of fitness activities.
4. Safety issues for athletes.
5. Protection against infections.
6. Proper nutrition for physical activity
7. Screening for fitness
8. Red flags for depression.
9. Reducing and preventing obesity
10. Pregnancy… healthy behaviors for a healthy baby.
11. Pregnancy…ways to reduce back pain.
12. child development for teen aged mothers.
13. Screening for poor posture.
14. Healthy life style habits
15. Screening for stress.
16. Stress management.
17. Ergonomics for workplace.
 Young and middles-aged adults
1. Good nutrition
2. Fitness activities
3. Principles of fitness activities.
4. Right shoes for fitness training.
5. Proper nutrition for physical activity
6. Screening for fitness
7. Ergonomics for workplace.
8. Red flags for depression.
9. Reducing and preventing obesity
10.Pregnancy…ways to reduce back pain.
11. child development for new mothers.
12. Screening for poor posture.
13. Healthy life style habits
14. Screening for stress.
15. Stress management.
16. Screening for D.M, heart diseases, fitness training.
17. Prevention of low back pain.
18. Medications
19. Prevention of skin cancer
20. Prevention of osteoporosis.
 Older adults
1. Reducing the risks of falls.
2. Healthy nutrition
3. physical activity
4. Principles of fitness training.
5. Right shoes for fitness training.
6. Proper nutrition for physical activity
7. Red flags for depression.
8. How to maintain healthy bones.
9. Ergonomics for home and computer users.
10. Screening for stress.
11. Stress management.
12. Medications.
 Physical therapists must
Screen for risk factors
• Educate about risk factors
• Help to make strategies to maintain healthy
life style
• Reduce risk factors.

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