G R O U P 2 B S A I S 2 A

EXPLORING ITALY’S
GOVERNMENT:
A Comprehensive
Study
 INTRODUCTION
This paper aims to address different key factors that contribute
to the good and bad governance of Italy. The researchers aim to
enumerate and discuss how these factors influenced the outcomes of
governance. Italy is a labor-based democratic republic. Sovereignty
belongs to the people and is exercised by them in the forms and
boundaries prescribed by the Constitution.
Italy is experiencing a sluggish economic recovery, although it
trails behind the majority of its west European neighbors. In terms of
inflation, Italy is now well inside the Economic and Monetary Union
(EMU) rules, a significant success for this traditionally inflation-prone
country. Given the heavy weight of interest payments in government
spending, state finances remain vulnerable to international capital
market and domestic political changes. The researchers will also
provide solutions and implementations that might help the
Government of Italy to maintain good governance in their country.
Key factors that
contribute to
GOOD
Governance in
Italy
 TRANSPARENCY
The Italian government has taken steps to
increase transparency by implementing laws and
regulations that require public institutions to disclose
information related to their activities and decision-
making processes. For example, the Law on
Transparency in Public Administration (Law No.
190/2012) requires public officials to declare their
assets and income publicly.
ACCOUNTABILITY PARTICIPATION
Italy has established
Italy encourages citizen
mechanisms to hold public
participation through various
officials accountable for their
channels, such as public
actions. The Court of Auditors
consultations and involvement
(Corte dei Conti) is responsible for
in decision-making processes.
auditing public accounts and
The Open Government
ensuring the proper use of public
Partnership (OGP) initiative has
funds. In addition, the Anti-
been implemented in Italy,
Corruption Authority (Autorità
aiming to foster citizen
Nazionale Anti-Corruzione)
engagement, collaboration,
monitors and investigates
and transparency in
corruption cases, promoting
government activities.
accountability and integrity in
public administration.
 EFFICIENCY
Efforts have been made to improve the efficiency of public
services in Italy. For instance, the Digital Transformation Agenda aims
to streamline administrative procedures and enhance the delivery of
public services through digital platforms, reducing bureaucracy and
improving efficiency.

RULE OF LAW
In Italy, as in many democratic societies, the rule of law is a
fundamental principle of good governance. The rule of law ensures
that all people and institutions are subject to the law and not to the
arbitrary exercise of power. In Italy, the rule of law is enshrined in the
country's constitution and plays a key role in maintaining a just
society. Here are some key aspects of the rule of law and what it
means for good governance in Italy:
 RULE OF LAW
 EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW
 INDEPENDENT JUDICIARY
 LEGAL CERTAINTY AND PREDICTABILITY
 RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS
 ACCESS TO JUSTICE
 MEASURES TO COMBAT CORRUPTION
Key factors that
contribute to
BAD
Governance in
Italy
 CORRUPTION
Italy has faced challenges related to
corruption, with instances of bribery,
embezzlement, and abuse of power. For example,
the "Tangentopoli" scandal in the 1990s exposed
widespread corruption among politicians and
public officials. Corruption in Italy is a major
problem. In Transparency International's annual
surveys, Italy has consistently been regarded as
one of the most corrupt countries in the Eurozone.
S O L U T I O N S A N D I M P L E M E N TA T I O N S:

CORRUPTION
By building and implementing anti-
corruption rules and laws in Italy it can help the
country to prevent the number of cases of bribery.
Also, to allow the country to better identify and
address cases of corruption. This helps to strengthen
its capacity to investigate and apply decisions.
Advances in technology are helping the fight
against corruption in Italy.
 INEFFECTIVE INSTITUTIONS
Inefficiency and bureaucratic hurdles within
public institutions have been a concern in Italy.
Delays in decision-making, red tape, and
administrative bottlenecks hinder the effective
delivery of public services and contribute to public
dissatisfaction.

Italy's legal system has to be fixed because it is

slow, bloated, and sometimes alarmingly politicized.
Italy is one of Europe's most litigious countries and has
by far the most attorneys of any EU member but the
system simply cannot handle it.
S O L U T I O N S A N D I M P L E M E N TA T I O N S:

INEFFECTIVE INSTITUTIONS
Good institutions are important for progress. Institutions
assist society to address problems, such as managing irrigation
and education systems and raising and spending revenue.
Countries with stronger institutions are more likely to experience
long-term, equitable growth.
Italy needs to accelerate structural transformations by
addressing inequities and exclusion, moving toward zero-
carbon development, and establishing more effective
governance capable of responding to megatrends such as
globalization, urbanization, and technological and changing
demographics.
 LACK OF TRANSPARENCY
Despite efforts to improve transparency,
challenges remain in ensuring complete transparency
in government activities. Some instances of lack of
transparency include limited access to information,
opaque decision-making processes, and insufficient
public disclosure of financial records and contracts.

These examples illustrate the ongoing

challenges that Italy faces in terms of governance.
However, it is important to note that Italy has also
made significant progress in addressing these issues
and implementing reforms to enhance good
governance practices.
S O L U T I O N S A N D I M P L E M E N TA T I O N S:

LACK OF TRANSPARENCY
In terms of the effectiveness of the law, is the attribution of
powers of supervision and control over the application and the
efficiency of the measures identified in the mentioned plans and over
the compliance with transparency obligations; powers that may
materialize in the course of inspection activity - through the request of
information, records and documents to the administrations - and may
extend to the point of the enactment of an ordinance aimed at the
adoption or the removal of acts or behaviors contrasting the measures
under the above plans. In the same logic, the Authority is also the
addressee of the communication by the Prefect of the revocation of
the, Secretary of a local authority in order to verify, within 30 days, if that
decision is related to the activities carried out by the town clerk in
prevention of corruption.
 S O L U T I O N S A N D I M P L E M E N TA T I O N S

LACK OF TRANSPARENCY
Moreover, in the framework of Law No. 190/2012, the Authority
has a constant relationship with the administrations which, first of all,
have to appoint the RPC who has the crucial tasks of proposing the
adoption of the PTPC to the political bodies, verifying its correct
implementation and its continuing suitability, as well as of reporting the
results of the activity at the end of each year.

It is evident, therefore, that the RPC, in the system of the law, is

a central figure, with significant responsibilities, as well as a privileged
interlocutor of the Authority, together with the OIV, which in turn hold a
number of important functions even in the field of the prevention of
corruption and, in particular, the attestation of the fulfillment of the
requirements of transparency.
REFLECTION
There are several lessons that can be applied in the
Philippines:

Strengthening Transparency and

Communication:
The study highlights the importance of
transparent information sharing and clear
communication during a crisis. In the Philippines,
there is a need to enhance transparency in
government actions and decision-making
processes, especially during exceptional
circumstances. Openly sharing accurate and
timely information can help build trust, mitigate
misinformation, and ensure accountability.
There are several lessons that can be applied in the
Philippines:

Establishing Clear
Accountability Mechanisms:
The research emphasizes the need for
well-defined accountability mechanisms during
times of exception. The Philippine government can
benefit from implementing robust accountability
systems that clearly define roles, responsibilities, and
reporting structures. This can include independent
oversight bodies, such as auditing institutions, to
monitor the use of public funds and ensure the
proper execution of policies.
There are several lessons that can be applied in the
Philippines:

Enhancing Ethical
Decision-making:
The study sheds light on the ethical
considerations that arise during exceptional
circumstances. Philippine policymakers and officials
should prioritize ethical decision-making,
considering the welfare of the population and
adhering to ethical principles in their actions.
Ethical frameworks and guidelines can be
developed to guide decision-making processes in
times of crisis.
There are several lessons that can be applied in the
Philippines:

Learning from International

Best Practices:
The study provides insights into the
practices and strategies employed in Italy during
the early stages of the pandemic. The Philippines
can learn from these best practices and adapt
them to its own context. This can involve studying
successful accountability measures implemented in
other countries and applying relevant lessons to
improve governance during exceptional situations.
There are several lessons that can be applied in the
Philippines:

Investing in Crisis Management

Preparedness:
The research highlights the importance of
crisis management preparedness. The Philippines
can benefit from investing in proactive measures to
anticipate and address crises effectively. This
includes developing contingency plans,
establishing communication protocols, and
conducting regular drills to test response
capabilities.
There are several lessons that can be applied in the
Philippines:

Encouraging Citizen
Participation:
The study emphasizes the significance of
citizen participation in decision-making processes.
The Philippine government can promote
mechanisms for meaningful citizen engagement,
such as public consultations and feedback
mechanisms. Engaging the public in policy
discussions fosters transparency, inclusivity, and
accountability.
There are several lessons that can be applied in the
Philippines:

Enhancing Data Collection and

Analysis:
The study underscores the value of
accurate and reliable data in decision-making. The
Philippine government can improve data
collection and analysis capabilities, ensuring the
availability of real-time data to inform policy
responses. This can contribute to evidence-based
decision-making and enhance accountability in
crisis management.
By applying these lessons from the study,
the Philippines can strengthen
accountability, transparency, and
decision-making processes during times
of exception, including during future
public health crises or other exceptional
circumstances.
CONCLUSION
 CONCLUSION
Exploring Italy's government can help individuals to
understand how power is distributed and how different branches of
the government work together. This knowledge can provide a better
understanding of the country's political landscape and how decisions
are made. Italy has had a long and complex political history, with
various political movements and changing systems of government.
Comparing Italy's government with other countries can provide insight
into what works and what doesn't in terms of governance. Italy's
economy is the third-largest in the Eurozone but has been affected by
issues such as high government debt, high levels of unemployment,
and a large underground economy. The Italian government is a
parliamentary representative democratic republic, and its key
institutions include the President, Parliament, and the judiciary. The
Italian government's political system has its strengths and weaknesses,
and exploring them can provide insights into Italy's unique political
culture and its relations with other countries.
REFERENCES:
https://ideas.repec.org/a/eme/jpbafm/jpbafm-06-2020-0091.html

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Italy#:~:text=European%20transition%20nations.-
,Government,in%20Italy's%20public%20services%20sector

https://clintonwhitehouse4.archives.gov/WH/New/Europe-9911/background/italy.html

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.britannica.com/place/
Italy/Government-and-
society&ved=2ahUKEwiC2pDehYP_AhUHhVYBHaQtBzQQFnoECCUQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3XqIVS5
mE-wJbe5UabuR6A

https://www.understandingitaly.com/government.html
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THANK YOU!
Brazal, Joshua
Cahinusayan, Ahlexsandra
Dequito, Joyce Ann
De Luna, Jeziel
Diasanta, Mary Elaine
Riego, Honey Jade
Sangco, Allaina Alison

BSAIS 2A

PRESENTED TO:
Ms. Maggy Jalbuena