The International Federation Basketball was formed in 1892 by eight founding nations (Argentina,

Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania and Switzerland). FIBA was derived from French
Federation Internationale de Basketball Amateur. First FIBA Men’s Basketball was at Berlin 1936 Summer
Olympics. Jan. 20,1892 ( The first Official Game), Dec. 5 1891 (The invention of Basketball by James
Naismith, a Canadian Physical Education Instructor)

History of Basketball

Feb. 9, 1895 – The first college basketball is played.

Nov. 20, 1898 - The first Pro Basketball league is established.

 First FIBA Men’s Championship was held at Argentina in 1950.

 First FIBA Women’s Championship was held in Chile.
 In 1976 Women’s Basketball was added to the Olympics, which were held in Montreal Canada
with teams such as Soviet Union, Brazil, Australia rivaling the American Squads.

May 14, 1906 – The invention of modern hoop.

May 28,1949 – The NBA is formed.

Feb 5, 1958 – the implementation of modern basketball.

Mar 18, 1959 – Dribbling becomes part of the game.

Mar 25, 1976 – The ABA-NBA Merger.

NATURE OF THE GAME

 Basketball is a team sport. Two teams of five players each

 The game is played on a rectangular floor called the court, and there is a hoop at each end.
 The court is divided into two main sections by the mid-court line.
 The team with the ball is called the offense. The team without the ball is called the defense
 When a team makes a basket, they score two points and the ball goes to the other team. If a
basket, or field goal, is made outside of the three- point arc, then that basket is worth 3 points.
 Depending on the location or situation, each shot that goes in may count either 1, 2, or 3 points.
As such, some players develop specialties in scoring certain types of shots to maximize their
team’s chances of winning.
 Each team will assign a basket or goal to defend. At halftime, the teams switch goals. A referee
will toss the ball up between the two.
 Tip-off - when player gets his hands on the ball will tip it to a teammate.

EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES

COURT
PADDING

 The backboard and backboard support structure must be padded.

 The padding shall be of a single solid color and shall be the same color on both backboards and
support structures.
 The padding shall be 20 to 27 mm thick from the front, back and side surface of the backboards.
The padding shall be 48 to 55 mm thick from the bottom edge of the backboards.
 The padding shall cover the bottom surface of each backboard and the side surface to a distance
of 350 to 450 mm from the bottom. The front and back surface must be covered to a minimum
distance of 20 to 25 mm from the bottom of each backboard.

BACKBOARD

 Backboards are flat, elevated vertical boards with mounted baskets or rims that are used in
basketball games to assist or return the ball after a shot.
 The width and height of a standard basketball backboard are 72" (183 cm) and 42" (107 cm),
respectively, with an inside rectangle that is 24" (61 cm) wide and 18" (45.7 cm) tall. Basketball
rims are hung 10' (3.05 m) above the court floor.
 Backboard heights may vary up to 48" (121.9 cm), adding extra length at the bottom of the
backboard.

BASKET WITH PRESSURE

It is a basketball ring that releases pressure ("Dunk"). This ring has a spring system that enables
it to "snap" forward by 5 degrees to entice anyone holding it to release their grip. When released, the
ring instantly returns to the play position.

BASKETBALLS

GAME CLOCK

SCOREBOARD

24 SECOND CLOCK

The 'shot clock' shall refer to the timing device that displays a countdown of the time within which the
team possessing the ball must attempt a field goal. The shot clock shall start at 24 seconds unless
otherwise provided in Rule 7.
PURPOSE OF SHOT CLOCK IN BASKETBALL

 The shot clock in basketball keeps track of how long the team on offense can possess the ball
before they have to shoot it. The shot clock was invented so that teams would play the game at a
quicker pace.
 The 24-second shot clock was applied to force teams to attempt a shot before the time expired,
to pick up the pace, and to avoid stalling. Before the 24-second shot clock was imposed, teams
found a way to stall, especially when they held a lead.

SIGNALS

 There shall be at least two (2) separate sound signals, with distinctly different and very Loud
sounds:
 One (1) provided for the timer and the scorer which shall sound automatically to indicate the
end of the playing time for a period.
 One (1) provided for the twenty-four (24) second operator which shall sound automatically to
indicate the end of the twenty-four (24) second period.
 Both signals shall be sufficiently powerful to be easily heard above the most adverse or noisy
conditions.

Team Foul Marker

Characteristics and uses

Red color

 Clearly visible to everyone involved in the game, including the spectators, when positioned on
either side of the scorer’s table.
 Used to indicate the number of team fouls up to 5 and to show that a team has reached the
team foul situation.

TEAM FOUL INDICATOR

Is a suitable device used to indicate the number of team fouls. The device shall stop at the
number of team fouls (8 for the games of 2 x 20 minutes) to indicate that a team has reached the
penalty status.

Alternating-Possession Arrow

Basketball Alternating-Possession

An alternating-possession in basketball is a method of putting the ball into play via inbounds
pass rather than a jump ball. It’s determined by utilizing a possession arrow and usually use in
nonprofessional basketball leagues.

The first team that gets the benefits of the arrow is whichever team losses the jump ball. This
means that the next alternating possession (Jump Ball) situation give them possession. The other
situation in which possession arrow is utilized is in regard to unclear out-of-bound play. If a review is
inconclusive or the basketball game does not have a review system and the referees cannot decide on
call, Then the possession will go whoever has the arrow rather than forcing the refs to make a call they
are not sure of.

RULES OF THE GAME

INTRODUCTION

As rules and regulations makes the game more intense and official, it also serves as the
guidelines that keeps the game into the national and international game sports. Also, the rules are often
change that is why the players and the official must keep or stay updated as they are the one who is
involved.

The recent and latest update to the rules of the game “basketball” was happened in 29 th of April
2012 during the FIBA Central Board meeting in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil those decisions and updates
happened in year 2012 was become effective on October 1, 2012. Moreover, it becomes the guidelines
to all players and officials around the world and as of now it is still the guidelines that we are using. To
further discuss the rulings and guidelines of the game basketball, below is the additional information
that can help the players, officials, and watcher in making assessment and judgement.

Rules

1. TEAMS

• Each team shall consist of no more than 12 team members entitled to play.

• Five players from each team shall be on the playing court during playing time and may be substituted.

• A substitute requests the substitution to the scorer during a time-out or an interval of play.

2. PLAYING REGULATIONS

a. Playing Time

There will be four (4) ten-minute intervals in the game. Twenty (20) minutes of play must
pass before the game is supposed to start. Between the first and second periods (first half), the
third and fourth periods (second half), and before each extra period, there must be two (2)
minute breaks in play. In addition, there will be a fifteen-minute play break at halftime.

b. Status of the Ball

b.1. The ball becomes alive when: It is legally tapped by one of the participants of a jump ball. It
is released by the thrower-in. It is released by the free throw shooter on a free throw which will
remain in play.
b.2. The ball becomes dead: when neither team is in control and no field goal or infraction is
involved. The ball comes to rest on the basket flange or becomes lodged between the basket
ring and the backboard. Examples include when a foul has been committed and called by the
referee, a foul shot has been attempted but another has not yet been attempted, or the ball has
left the court. After that, players may be changed.

3. VIOLATIONS

Violation is a breaking of a rule or agreement in the rulebook.

PENALTY- A penalty imposed for breaching a rule or agreement.

OUT OF BOUNDS- Being the last player to touch the ball before it goes out of bounds.

DRIBBLING - in basketball is an action the ball-handler can take to move the ball on the court while
retaining possession. - It is a continuous motion that player uses to repeatedly bounce the ball off the
floor with one hand. Basketball

Dribbling rules: - Once you dribble across half court, you cannot cross back to your own half of the court
while dribbling.
 - You cannot stop dribbling and then start again - You may take two steps once you pick up your
dribble - you must only use one hand at a time. - You can dribble anywhere as long as you stay inbound.

Three seconds - A player shall not remain in the opponent’s restricted area for more than three (3)
consecutive seconds while his team is in control of a live ball in the frontcourt and the game clock is
running.

Eight seconds - Whenever A player gains control of a live ball in his backcourt, On a throw in, the ball
touches or is illegally touched by any player in the backcourt and the team of that player taking the
throw-in stays in control of the ball in its backcourt, That team must cause the ball to go into its
frontcourt within eight seconds.

Twenty- four seconds - Whenever:

• A player gains control of a live ball on the playing court, On a throw-in the ball touches or illegally
touched by any player on the playing court and the team of that player taking the throw-in stays in
control of the ball, that team must strive a shot for a field goal within twenty- four (24) seconds.

Ball returned to the backcourt - The ball goes right into a team’s backcourt when:

• It touches the backcourt

• It touches or is legally touched by an offensive player who has a part of his body in contact with the
backcourt.

• It touches an official who has a part of his body in contact with the backcourt.

4. FOULS
- a foul is a rule violation that results in punishment for the player who committed the foul. Fouls
are classified into several categories, including personal fouls, double fouls, and unsportsmanlike
fouls, disqualifying foul and technical foul.
Personal Foul. A player shall not hold, push, charge into, or obstruct the progress of an opponent
by extending a hand, arm, leg, or knee or bending the body into an abnormal position. Contact
that causes an opponent to re-route is a foul that must be called immediately.
A double foul occurs when two opponents commit personal fouls against each other at roughly
the same time. Fouls are recorded in the case of a double foul, no free throws are awarded, and
play resumes at the point of interruption
Unsportsmanlike foul is not a legal or unlawful attempt to play the ball directly in accordance
with the rules' spirit and meaning.
• Disqualifying foul is a player, coach or supporter who engages in overtly unsportsmanlike
behavior.
• Technical fouls are non-contact penalties that players commit.
-Disregarding warnings given by officials -Disrespectfully touching the officials or the team bench
personnel.
-Disrespectfully communicating with the officials, the commissioner, the table officials or the
opponents.
-Using language or gestures likely to offend or incite the spectators
-Baiting an opponent or obstructing his vision by waiving his hands near his eyes.
-Excessive swinging of elbows.
-Delaying game by deliberately touching the ball after it passes through the basket or by
preventing a throw-in from being taken promptly.
-Falling down to fake a foul.
-Hanging on the ring in such a way that the weight of the player is supported by the ring, unless
the player grasps the ring momentarily following a dunk shot or, in the judgement of an official,
is trying to prevent injury to himself or to another player.

• Charging foul occurs when an offensive player makes significant contact with a defensive
player who has established their position with both feet on the ground and their torso square
facing the opponent. In order for a charge to be called, the defensive player must also be set
with enough time for the offensive player to either stop or redirect their path towards the hoop
and avoid a collision.
• Blocking foul occurs when the defensive player does not meet the criteria mentioned above.
As a defender, you can’t be sliding into position as contact is made, nor can you lean into the
offensive player as they try to pass as that will be considered blocking and you will be given the
foul. Once the offensive player initiates their gather (the 2 steps players are allowed after they
stop dribbling to either pass or shoot), if the defender has not yet established their position, any
interference will be considered a blocking foul. This also applies when a player is mid-air, taking a
shot, and the defender then slides in front. If a blocking foul takes place while the offensive
player is taking a shot, they are given a free throw.
• Holding Whenever a basketball player uses his hands to limit an opposing player’s movement,
the referee will blow the whistle and call holding. Holding is usually called on defenders but it
can be called on offensive players on very rare occasions.
• Pushing, to signal a pushing foul, the official will have both hands extended straight in front of
him, with his palms facing outward.
• Use of the Hands on another player or extended arm(s), that the official deems to be
improper results in this foul being called.
• Illegal guarding from the rear, is considered a personal foul. If a foul is called then it will lead
to a penalty shot.

5. GENERAL PROVISIONS
• Five fouls by a player - A player who accumulates too many fouls (five fouls) will foul out.
• Team foul: Penalty - A team that accumulates too many fouls (four fouls) in that period enters
the penalty situation and puts the other team into the "bonus”.
• Free throw - free throws or foul shots are unopposed attempts to score points by shooting
from behind the free-throw line.
•Personal foul - is committed by any player whose activities against one opponent result in
unlawful contact with a different opponent. Regardless of whether the ball has been released, a
personal foul committed by the offensive side during a throw-in qualifies as an offensive foul.
6. CORRECTABLE ERRORS
There are only 5 correctable errors. 4 of the 5 involve free throws and occur when the ball is
dead. They are the following:
*Failure to aware a merited free throw
* Awarding an unmerited free throw
* Permitting a wrong player to attempt a free throw
* Attempting a free throw at the wrong basket Only the fifth correctable error can occur while
the clock is running (ball is live) and that is:
* Erroneously counting or canceling a score
 7. OFFICIALS, TABLE OFFICIALS, COMMISSIONER: DUTIES AND POWER

Basketball, like every other sport, has its own official who keeps the game moving. Basketball is
not officiated only by referees, there is a whole group of officials to manage a game and keep things on
track. The group includes referees, scorers, timekeepers, and shot clock operators. These officials, like
the Referees, are the primary game officials they are the ones in charge of enforcing rules and
regulations, as well as calling fouls and violations.

Second is the Scorer, which function is to keep tracking the points scored by the two competing
teams. Note the timeouts and inform the referee if a team has used up all of its timeouts.

The third is the timekeeper, who assists the referee in recording time. The league typically
appoints two-timers. The official timer runs the game clock, while the shot clock operator runs the 24
second clock.

A team captain's responsibility is to help the team get organized for games and specific plays,
effectively functioning as a second coach. They will call plays, assist their teammates in getting into
proper positions, and modify formations as needed. The sports official serves as a role model, enforcing
the values of fair play and good sportsmanship. It offers a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to positively
affect young people. Officiating provides an opportunity to strengthen one's interpersonal skills as well
as one's judgment.

The coach comes in fourth. A basketball coach prepares athletes to compete in high-stakes
settings such as college, league games, and professional basketball leagues. Basketball coaches provide
instruction to their players throughout practice and games. And then there's the captain

CONCLUSION

To conclude our group's report, basketball just like any other game has a specific set of rules and
regulations that has been carefully thought about by those who came before us. It has been modified
throughout the years to the benefit of everyone that enjoys the sport by keeping the game just fine and
smooth as it must be.

Despite having different rules, the main concept or point remains the same which is to keep the
game fair and build a strong team coordination, but at the same time --- enjoyable for both the players
and the spectators. There are also the officials that implements said rules so that the players are
guaranteed to follow. Basketball is not just a sport, it can also be a form of art, entertainment, and most
of all, a source of happiness. That is why the rules and regulations that were mentioned earlier is a
crucial part of the game, because it keeps the game fun and interactive.