Page

[Reasons of Grade 11 Students in Marinduque

Victorians College taking Accountancy and Business Management

Strand in pursuing business course in college]

A Thesis Presented to the

[Marinduque Victorians College]

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

[Practical Research 1]

Researchers:

[Leian Irish M. Biscocho, Shemiah Princess Mallari

John Rexur Velasco, Princess Molbog]

[April, 2023]
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RECOMMENDATION FOR ORAL EXAMINATION

This thesis attached hereto entitled: “[Reasons of Grade 11 Students in Marinduque

Victorians College taking Accountancy and Business Management in pursuing business

course in college]” prepared and submitted by [Reasons of Grade 11 Students in Marinduque

Victorians College taking Accountancy and Business Management in pursuing business

course] and [Leian Irish M. Biscocho, Shemiah Princess Mallari, John Rexur Velasco,

Princess Molbog], in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the [Practical Reseach 1] is

hereby recommended for final oral examination.

Language Editor/Copy Editor Statistician

Ms. Princess Idahlia Logatoc

Research Adviser
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APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled “[Reasons of Grade 11 Students in Marinduque Victorians College

taking Accountancy and Business Management in pursuing business course in college]”,
prepared and submitted by [Leian Irish M. Biscocho, Shemiah Princess Mallari, John Rexur
Velasco, Princess Molbog], in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the [Practical
Research], [Marinduque Victorians College], has been examined and hereby recommended for
Oral Examination.

Research Adviser

Date signed: ________________

Approved and accepted by the Committee on Oral Examination on ____________________.

Member Member

Chair
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Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree [Practical Reseach 1],
[Marinduque Victorians College], [Brgy. Tres, Buenavista, Marinduque].

Assistant Principal
Date signed: ______________

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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--The Researchers

DEDICATION

--The Researchers--
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ABSTRACT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page………………………………………………………………………... i
Recommendation for Oral Examination……………………………………….... ii
Approval Sheet………………………………………………………………….. iii
Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………. iv
Dedication……………………………………………………………………….. v
Abstract………………………………………………………………………….. vi
Table of Contents……………………………………………………………….. vii
List of Tables……………………………………………………………………. ix
List of Figures…………………………………………………………………… X
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1
Introduction………………………………………………………………….. 1
Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………. 4
Significance of the Study……………………………………………………. 5
Scope and Limitations of the Study…………………………………………. 6
Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………… 7
Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………. 8
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 10
Synthesis……………………………………………………………………... 34
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY 39
Research Design……………………………………………………………... 39
Sampling Design ……………………………………………………………. 39
Population and Sampling Techniques……………………………………….. 40
Research Instrument…………………………………………………………. 41
Research Locale……………………………………………………………... 42
Data Gathering Procedure…………………………………………………… 43
Statistical Treatment………………………………………………………… 43
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CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION……………………………………………. 46
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION 59
Summary of Findings………………………………………………………… 59
Conclusions………………………………………………………………….. 60
Recommendations……………………………………………………………. 61
REFERENCES………………………………………………………………. 63
APPENDICES……………………………………………………………….. 75
CURRICULUM VITAE……………………………………………………... 92
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List of Tables

Table 1 [page
no]
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5

Table 6

Table 7
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List of Figures

Figure 1
Figure 2 [page
no.]
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Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Nowadays, there are certain reasons of an individual that affects how they choose or make a

decision choosing their course in college. Reasons are a cause, explanation, or justification for an

action or event. This research focused on the reasons of Grade 11 Students in Marinduque Victorians

College taking Accountancy and Business Management (ABM) strand in pursuing business course in

college. As we all know there are many courses in college but why do students choose to pursue

business course? There are several reasons that causes students to pick business course, one main

reason is because they want to study business how it works and someday be able to build their own

business. According to Mark Williams (2020), when you start a business and are self-employed, you

are your own boss and ultimately control your own destiny. Income. Whether you view starting a

business as an economic necessity or a way to make some additional income, you might find it

generates a new source of income. Flexible hours. Owning your own business is hard work and often

requires long, odd hours. In some cases, having your own business may allow you to have more

flexible hours.

The possible employments and good opportunities that they can get after pursuing business course

in college are also one of the students are looking forward to aside from completing and holding a

business degree after studying business-related programs in college. As serial entrepreneur Richard

Branson quoted, “Business opportunities are like buses – there’s always another one coming along”.

Some of them sees in their surroundings and field of view that those who studied and do business

and become an entrepreneur often become rich and succeeds so they are inspired to them and wanted
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also to be like them, to start their own business, earn money, become rich in that way they can secure

their future already so they choose business course to study in college because of these people they

see that succeeds by having a business. According to Melissa (2022), business owners are in a unique

position to build their wealth. As a business owner, you can build your wealth through your business.

You have more control over the money you bring in, the profit you create in your business, and what

to do with that profit. Knowing how to become rich as a business owner is a critical knowledge.

The parents’ influence the decision of their children on how to pursue their life in college. So it may

be one of the reasons that can be included why students choose business course in college, it can be

because their parents are hoping for them to take or pursue the path of business and study it because

parents think that business course is a good choice or decision. According to Carpio (2018), it cannot

be denied that parents, most of the time, want to have a say on what is “right”, “best”, or “most

practical”.

Peers or Friends are also one of the reasons that makes students to choose business course in

college, sometimes they get too dazzling and also encouraged to take business course in college if

their friend wants to pursue it because of the good ideas their friend are giving them about pursuing

business in college. According to AK Lingappa (2020), positive peer is believed to bring about

entrepreneurial behavior among students increasing the likelihood of choosing a business course.

Owning a business, becoming rich, and peers’ influence are outstanding factors to why business is

the desired course for many. Observed from the statements from the authors that we’ve gathered such

as: “As a business owner, you’ll be able to work in a field you really enjoy. You'll be able to put your

skills and knowledge to use, and you’ll gain personal satisfaction from implementing your ideas,

working directly with customers, and watching your business succeed”. (Small Business Development
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Center, 2006). “Business owners are in a unique position to build their wealth. As a business owner,

you can build your wealth through your business.

In fact, some are affected by peers. (Chico, 2018).

Statement of the Problem

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Significance of the Study

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

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Conceptual Framework

Figure 1
Conceptual Framework of [title of research
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Definition of Terms
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Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

[BRIEF INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT]

Foreign Literature

According to (St. John, 2000, p. 22), the choice of major has been described as the most “thought-

provoking, gut wrenching and rest-of-your-life oriented or disoriented” decision.

According to (Carnevale, Cheah, & Strohl, 2011), this choice is considered as a major life decision

due to its impact on an individual’s future career. The literature on choice of major is predominantly

focused on the North American experience and while there are likely to be similarities with other parts of

the world, as indicated in chapter one, the questions of choice of majors and careers are important in

Cambodia and many other countries. Cambodia’s oversupply of business graduates was highlighted

(World Bank, 2012). It appears that Cambodian students are strongly motivated to choose a business

major despite a current and predicted future oversupply of graduates in business including accounting,

finance and management (MoEYS, 2009; World Bank, 2010, 2012). In order to have a better

understanding of factors in students’ motivation to choose a business major and career, the literature

review will look at past research in this area to identify what has been found to be significant in

influencing decision making. Expectancy-value theory was applied in this study and the review will

provide a justification for choosing this theory over the other possible motivational theories in this review.

The review will discuss a model of the decision-making process to understand the process students use in

their choice of major. Although many of the theories, and past research are situated in Western settings,

given that the current study is set in Cambodia, cultural context will be discussed throughout this review.

The main purpose of this literature review is to understand (1) what has been done in the area of
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motivation in the choice of business major and careers, (2) the main ways of theorizing or conceptualizing

the motivation for choice of business major and careers, (3) the methods used in studying motivation for

choice of business major and career, and (4) the gaps in the past research which led to the cu rrent study.

The literature search for this review centred around motivation relevant to students’ choice of a major and

career. In order to identify reliable and relevant journal articles, sources and databases recommended by

Victoria University of Wellington librarians including the Educational Resources Information Centre

(ERIC), Pro Quest Education, Springer LINK Archive – CEIRC, and A+ Education were searched.

Search terms were (1) major, field of study, degree, (2) higher education, postsecondary, tertiary,

university, college, (3) career, job, occupation, profession, (4) decision making, (5) motivation, and (6)

motivation theory. Also specific key terms such as Cambodia and business major were searched for more

relevant information. The inclusion criteria were that sources needed to be (a) peer-reviewed research that

examined the choice of university major or career choice, and (b) scholarly books related to motivation

theories. Reading the abstracts of searched articles and related documents helped eliminate a number of

documents. The year of publication was not limited because I wanted to understand the development of

research in the area of motivation and choice of business major and career over time. Some articles and

scholarly books were excluded because they focused on the choice of higher education institutes or the

plans of students at secondary schools (e.g. Berzin, 2010; Chenoweth & Galliher, 2004; Mau & Bikos,

2000; Tan, 2011).

According to the KPMG Research Report (KPMG 2014, p. 34) states that the start-up weaknesses

are financial planning, expansion to new markets, fundraising, business modelling and other deficiencies.

According to investors in the next KPMG Report (KPMG 2016, p. 23) say that significant investment

criteria, along with the quality of the management team, are the product and its sales potential.
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According to the research reports of European Start-up Monitor (Kollmann et al. 2015, 2016) provide

formal data on start-up business models but do not address their internal structure nor explicitly

investigate their impact on start-up performance. They consider them important but without further

findings and conclusions.

Accoding to the 2016 report (Kollmann et al. 2016, p. 3), finding a profitable and repeatable business

model, scaling, sales growth and the acquisition of new customers are considered to be the greatest

challenges.

According to the Booming Berlin report (Booming Berlin 2016, p. 9) on the Berlin start-up scene

assumes that with a functioning business model, the start-up will develop into a growing enterprise over a

period of up to five years.

According to Sedlacek and Sterk (2014), are attentive to start-ups like a significant source of

employment growth. Dent et al. (2016) examined the role of start-ups in structural transformation and

their implications for employment. Fritsch and Wyrwich (2018) explored start-ups in the context of

regional knowledge and entrepreneurial culture. These studies show that start-ups are a major

phenomenon in the development of the economy and business. They dealt with the national economic

implications of their existence and the regional causes of their nascence. These studies have not explored

start-up business models and their implications for business viability.

Foss and Saebi (2017) are engaged in business model innovation (BMI) and have found interesting

topics for further research such as sustainability, servitization, open innovation and dynamic capabilities.

They also highlight the close interrelationship between BMI and entrepreneurship, which has not received

sufficient attention to date. Service-oriented business models have received increasing attention both in

the academic and managerial community. Adrodegari et al. (2018) have recorded new trends for capital

goods manufacturers who push towards selling products or performance rather than the product
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itself. Koch (2015) noticed that in IT start-up business models their efficiency is conditioned by scarcity

and personalization. Scarcity stimulates the purchase by deliberately shortening the availability of a

product or service. Personalization is recognizing and treating customers as individuals through personal

messaging, personalized offers or other personal transaction. Gimpel et al. (2017) analyzed consumer-

oriented fintech start-ups, their offerings and monetization, which are the beginning and end of the

business model. They identified archetypes of offerings via cluster analysis. Hyytinen et al. (2015)

investigated whether innovation reduces the start-up survival rate. They have come to the unconventional

conclusion that pursuing innovations is not necessarily associated with survival during the early stages of

firm development and involves a more complicated start-up process. Groesser and Jovy (2016) consider

the business model an essential part of a company—regardless of whether the company is a small entity

or a global enterprise. They believe that the qualitative methods of its research fail especially in uncertain,

highly volatile situations and should be substituted by computational modelling, which helps to

understand business models as complex systems with dynamic interdependencies. A key interaction is the

link between supply and demand. Korhonen et al. (2017) highlight the importance of attracting a large

user pool, providing new services for those users, offering a new market for producers, supporting core

interaction in various ways, mostly through digital platforms.

A special chapter in the research on start-ups is represented by incubators. Van Weele et al. (2016)

explored interrelated challenges that constrain the ability of Western European start-ups to grow into

high-impact businesses. They suggest that, rather than addressing the underlying institutions that cause

challenges in the entrepreneurial ecosystem, incubators provide symptomatic solutions by creating an

environment that protects start-ups from unfavorable institutions. Another result of the research was that

the start-ups suffer from lack of market orientation, the lack of an entrepreneurial culture, a small

domestic market, the lack of early-stage capital and that universities are not focused on entrepreneurship.
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In the background of the sketched topics that explore the start-up business making, the common and

unifying denominator, which is the business model, shines through. The business model is considered a

serious condition for a successful business, it has various partial features, partial proposal for its

improvement are commended or suggestions for improving start-up business making conditions. Most of

the listed shortcomings arise from an imperfect business model. The positive effects of start-ups in the

broader economic and business contexts are highlighted.

The key role of the business model of the start-up is emphasized by Foss and Saebi (2017) when

writing, “for start-ups, any act of entrepreneurship means the choice of a business model, while in

established firms the enterprise’s business judgment results in changes in the business model components

or architecture.” Research studies, however, do not shed light on the structure and consequences of the

business model of start-ups. Davila et al. (2015) draw attention that the start-up enters an established

market with a business model that ex-post turns out to be economically nonviable. Kopera et al. (2018)

explain that a source of success is rarely a technological superiority alone but rather a business model that

stays behind. The business model supports the complex business endeavor, resulting in better product

design and its business model configuration. Block et al. (2014) write that the birth conditions of a firm

tend to be imprinted in firms for very long periods. Thus, early strategic decisions tend to be lasting ones.

In addition, the skills, customer contacts, personnel and capital investments at start-up tend to lock the

firm into its condition. It can be added that many of these conditions are clearly related to the business

model. The importance of the model for start-ups is also recognized by the technology transfer office

organizing intensive innovation programs for entrepreneurs developing business models (Pettersen et al.

2016).

The findings of Rydehell and Isaksson (2016) indicate that the founders of new technology-based

firms (NTBFs) perceive their customer value proposition as the most valuable element of their business
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model. They also recognized signs of the influence of financial partners on the founders’ perceptions of

the initial business models. Furthermore, findings show that some NTBFs create parallel business models

within their firms to ensure survival in the start-up phase. Findings of Malmström and Johansson (2017)

highlight that cash and competence appear to be an essential focus in managing business model

components in the early stage of new ventures. Teece and Linden (2017) write that in many cases,

however, Internet-based businesses are pursuing customer growth ahead of profits. The path to

profitability, which is a core element of a business model, should not be an afterthought. A well-designed

business model balances the provision of value to customers with the capture of value by the

provider. Klačmer Čalopa et al. (2014) came to the similar conclusion, stating, “it is difficult to find

investors for a start-up which is still not yielding profit, as well as potential users.” Euchner and

Ganguly (2014) perceive the business model in broader contexts and consequences, saying, “the business

model is not the means by which a firm creates and captures customer value. Focusing on creating

customer value without regard to competitive advantage will leave a firm vulnerable to both margin

erosion and anaemic growth.”

The business model and/or its parts are considered to be a significant factor of start-up viability.

These claims arise from common knowledge about start-ups and their business making but not confirmed

by empirical/field research. The business model has a structure whose elements will likely influence the

viability of the start-up to various degree. Knowing the structure of the business model and its effect on

the business performance of the start-up may increase the likelihood of its survival.

Local Literature

Foreign Studies
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Local Studies

Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

BRIEF INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT]

Research Design
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Sampling Design

Population and Sampling Techniques

Research Instrument
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Research Locale

Data Gathering Procedures

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Statistical Treatment

Chapter IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

[BRIEF INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT]

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Chapter V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings
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Conclusions

Recommendations
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References
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APPENDICES
Appendix A. Letter to the Respondents
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Appendix B. Letter for the Associate Dean

Appendix C. Validation of Research Instrument

Appendix D. Research Instrument

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name :

Age :

Birthday :
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Place of Birth :

Address :

Citizenship :

Civil Status :

Religion :

E-mail Address :

Parents :

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary :

Secondary :

Elementary :