Mathematics 10

Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module16
Probability Using Permutations
and Combinations
Mathematics – Grade 10
Quarter 3 – Self-Learning Module 16: Probability Using Permutations and
Combinations
First Edition, 2020

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Mathematics 10
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module16
Probability using Permutations
and Combinations
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 10 Self-Learning Module on Probability

Using Permutations and Combinations.

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the
teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in
schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the self-learning module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
self-learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the self-learning
module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 10 Self-Learning Module on Probability

Using Permutations and Combinations.

This self-learning module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace
and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.

This self-learning module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest – This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATION

1. Solve problems involving probability using permutations and

combinations.

PRETEST

Directions: Solve each of the following problems. Write the answer on the space
provided.
__________1. If you flip a fair coin 4 times, what is the probability that you will get
exactly two tails?
1 1 1 3
A. B. C. D.
16 4 2 8

__________2. There are 10 students in a class: 7 boys and 3 girls. If the teacher
picks a group of 4 at random, what is the probability that everyone in
the group is a boy?
1 1 2 5
A. B. C. D.
6 3 3 6

__________3. Five comedians (Chris, Rose, Malou, Shiena, and Bobby) are planning
a show. The order of each performance is randomly selected. What is
the probability that Chris will go second and Shiena will go last?
1 1 1 1
A. B. C. D.
20 10 6 5

__________4. To win Mr. Bobb’s lotto, you must first choose two numbers from 1 to
6 and put those numbers on specific order. You must then choose
three letters from A to E. What is the probability of winning Mr. Bobb’s
lotto?
2 1 1 1
A. B. C. D.
5 4 300 1800

__________5. Kim and Helen are competing with 3 other students, to get the highest
grade in the class. What is the probability that Kim will get the
highest grade and Helen the second highest grade?
1 1 1 1
A. B. C. D.
10 20 30 120
 RECAP

Directions: For each of the following, indicate if it is a problem involving

permutations, combinations, or neither, and then answer the question being posed.
Explain your reasoning.
1. How many groups of five songs can be chosen from a list of 35 songs?
2. The Racing Club organizes a race in which five cars, A, B, C, D, and E are
joined. How many possible race results if there are no ties?
3. What is the difference between permutations and combinations?

LESSON

In this lesson, we will apply all that you have learned in Combinatorics as
well as in Probability. You will learn here that Permutations and Combinations can
be used in solving problems that involve Probabilities.

Examples:

1. In a lottery three numbers are chosen from 0 to 9. You win if the three
numbers you pick match the three numbers selected by the lottery machine.
a. What is the probability of winning this lottery if the number
cannot be repeated?
b. What is the probability of winning this lottery if the numbers can
be repeated
c. What is the probability of winning this lottery if you must watch
the exact order that the lottery machine picked the numbers?

Solutions:
a. If the number cannot be repeated, we choose 3 out of 10
numbers, and order doesn’t matter, we will use 10C3 which is equal
to 120. Since there is only one winning number the probability will
1
be .
120
b. If the numbers can be repeated we will use 10 3, thus the
1
probability is .
1000
c. If you must watch the exact order we will use 10P3, thus the
1
probability is .
720
2. Rose has the options of selecting 3 novels for a literature course. The book
list consists of 10 classics and 5 contemporary novels. Find the probability
that all novels selected will be contemporary novels.
 Solutions:

To select three from five contemporary novels we find 5C3 which

is equal to 10. Since Rose has to select three novels from fifteen
novels in the list, the total number of outcomes in the sample space is
given by 15C3 which is equal to 455, therefore the probability that all
10 2
novels selected will be contemporary novels is = .
455 91

3. A combination lock shows 10 digits. Find the probability that

if the combination to unlock the lock consists of three digits, it
will contain the digits 1, 2, and 3. Repetitions are not
permitted.

Solutions:
The number of ways 1, 2, and 3 can be used is 3P3, which is equal to
6, and the number of ways to select 3 digits from 10 digits in order is 10P3
which is equal to 720. Hence the probability of selecting 1, 2, and 3 in any
6 1
order is = .
720 120

ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!
Directions: Answer the following problems. Write the answer on the space provided.

__________1. In a classroom there are 13 girls and 15 boys. The class is to elect a
President, Vice-President and a Treasurer. What is the probability if
students were elected at random that all three positions were filled by
boys?

__________2. A multiple-choice question on an economic quiz contains 10 questions

with five possible answers each. Compute the probability of randomly
guessing the answers and getting exactly 9 questions correct.

__________3. Compute the probability of randomly drawing five cards and getting
exactly two Aces.

__________4. There are 9 golf balls numbered from 1 to 9 in a bag. Three balls are
randomly selected without replacement to form a 3-digit number.
What is the probability that the 3-digit number formed is less than
200?

__________5. In a particular high school, there are 10 Math teachers. The principal
wants to form a committee by selecting 3 Math teachers at random. If
Mr. Quilang, Ms, Romero, and Ms. Sorrosa are among the group of 10
Math teachers, what is the probability that all three of them will be
part of the committee?
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
Directions: Answer each of the following problems. Write the answer on the space
provided.

__________1. Compute the probability of randomly drawing five cards and getting 3
Aces and 2 Kings.

__________2. A Math class consists of 14 girls and 15 boys. The teacher likes to have
the students come to the board to demonstrate how to solve some of
the Math problems. During a lesson, the teacher randomly selects 6 of
the students to show their work. What is the probability that all 6 of
the students selected are girls?

__________3. A high school is planning to come up a musical story. There are 20

singers auditioning for the musical. The director is looking for two
singers who could sing a good duet. What is the probability that Alex
and Toni are the two singers who are selected by the director?
__________4. Refer to #3. The director is also interested in the number of ways to
choose a lead singer and a backup singer. What is the probability that
Alex is selected as the lead singer and Toni is selected as the backup
singer?

__________5. For many computer tablets, the owner can set a 4-digit pass code to
lock the device. If the digits of a pass code are chosen at random and
without replacement from the digits 0, 1, …, 9, what is the probability
that the pass code is 1234?

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

Directions: Answer each of the following problems. Write the answer on the space
provided.

__________1. There are eleven seniors and five juniors who are sprinters in Sta.
Lucia High School track team. The coach must select four sprinters to
run the 800-meter relay race. What is the probability that the two
seniors and the two juniors will be chosen for the relay team?

__________2. You have five people who are your friends on a certain social network.
You are related to two of the people, but you do not recall who of the
five people are your relatives. You are going to invite two of the five
people to a special meeting. If you randomly select two of the five
people to invite, what is the probability of inviting your relatives to the
meeting?

__________3. Charlotte is picking out her class ring. She can select from a ruby, an
emerald or an opal stone, and she can also select silver or gold for the
metal. If Charlotte selects a stone and a metal at random, what is the
probability that she would select a ring with ruby stone and gold
metal?
__________4. A chili recipe calls for ground beef, beans, green pepper, onion, chili
powder, crushed tomatoes, salt and pepper. You have lost the
directions about the order in which to add the ingredients so you
decide to add them in a random order. What is the probability that the
ingredients are added in the exact order listed above?

__________5. Ashley conducted an experiment to see which one of her friends has
the best sense of smell. She bought 15 scratch-and-sniff stickers, 11 of
which smelled like oranges. If after her first day of smell-tests, Ashley's
friends had randomly scratched and sniffed 12 stickers, what is the
probability that exactly 9 of the chosen stickers smelled like oranges?

WRAP–UP

Permutations and Combinations can be used to calculate probabilities. We

just need to identify if the problem requires arrangement in order (Permutation) or
not (Combination). Then apply rules of probability.

VALUING
REFLECTION: (Journal Writing)

In solving problems involving probability, sometimes we need to choose

between Permutations and Combinations to answer the problem correctly. How did
you choose your career for your future? Do you think that what you have chosen
will make you succeed? Explain. Discuss it with your groupmates.

POSTTEST
Directions: Answer each of the following problems. Write the answer on the space
provided.

__________1. What is the probability of getting exactly 3 heads in 8 flips of a fair

coin.
1 3 1 7
A. B. C. D.
256 256 8 32

__________2. There are 7 students in a class: 2 boys and 5 girls. If the teacher picks
a group of 3 at random, what is the probability that everyone in the
group is a girl?
1 1 1 2
A. B. C. D.
504 84 7 7
__________3. Jason, Hans, and Jose and 4 other students are left in drawing for 3
DVD’s. What is the probability that Jason, Hans, and Jose will each
win a DVD?
1 1 1 1
A. B. C. D.
35 120 210 720

__________4. A 4-digit PIN is selected. What is the probability that there are no
repeated digits?
1 21 63 1
A. B. C. D.
1000 1000 125 4

__________5. Compute the probability of randomly drawing five cards from a deck
and getting exactly one Ace.
3243 3243 3243 3243
A. B. C. D.
10829 21658 54145 108290
 KEY TO CORRECTION

5. A 4. C 3. A 2. D 1. D
POSTTEST

91 40320 6 10 182
5. 4. 3. 2. 1.
44 1 1 1 55
ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

5040 380 190 1740 108290

5. 4. 3. 2. 1.
1 1 1 11 1
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!

120 9 54145 1953125 36

5. 4. 3. 2. 1.
1 1 2162 2 5
ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!
1. 324632 2. 120
RECAP
5. B 4. C 1. D 2. A 3. A
PRETEST

References

Nivera, Gladys, and Minie Rose Lapinid. Grade 10 Mathematics Patterns and
Practicalities. Makati: Don Bosco Press, 2018.

Oronce, Orlando, and Marilyn Mendoza. E-MATH 10. Manila: Rex Bookstore Inc.,
2017.

courses.lumenlearning.com/finitemath1/chapter/probability-using-permutations-
and-combinations/(accessed June 30, 2020).
khanacademy.or/math/precalculus/x9e81a4f98389efdf:pro-
comb/x9e81a4f98389efdf:prb-combinatorics-
precalc/e/probability_with_perm_comb /(accessed June 30, 2020).

onlinemathlearning.com/probability-permutations-combinations.html /(accessed
June 30, 2020).

www.engageny.org>file>download>precalculus-m5?. (accessed June 30, 2020).

ixl.com/math/algebrs-2/findprobabilities-using-combinations-and-permuations/ .
(accessed June 30, 2020).