Members Subject to Bending

In designing steel members the yield

strength or yield point will dictate the
sizes of the sections.

All allowable stresses will stem from the
value of the yield point (Fy)

Locally available Fy of steel section

A36 or 36 ksi (248MPa)

A50 or 50 ksi (347 MPa) by special order.
Members Subject to Bending

Design Codes

Allowable Stress Design (ASD)

Load Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)
Members Subject to Bending

Design Considerations

Beams/Members subject to Bending

Bending Stress

Shear Stress

Deflection

Axially loaded members (Columns and
Truss Members

Bending Stress

Shear Stress

Deflection

Axial Stress
Members Subject to Bending

Design Considerations

Beams/Members subject to Bending

Bending Stress

fb= M/S

Shear Stress

fv = V/(d x tw) For Wide Flange and Channel Section

Deflection w
4

δ = 5wL / 384 EI

3

δ = PL / 48 EI
P
Members Subject to Bending

ASD Allowable Bending Stress

Will depend if:

the Section is Compact or Non-Compact.

the Section is Laterally Supported or Not

L (unsupported Length) should not exceed the
smaller of:
Lc = 76bf / Fy
Lc = 20,000 / ( d/Af ) Fy
Where:
bf = width of flange, in.
d = depth of section, in.
Af = area of compression flange, in2.
Members Subject to Bending

ASD Allowable Bending Stress

Fb = 0.66 Fy – Compact Section

Fb = 0.60 Fy – Non - Compact Section
Members Subject to Bending

Compact Section Criteria
Laterally Supported Beams
1. bf / 2tf < 170 / Fy Unstiffened Flange

bf / tf < 500 / Fy Stiffened Flange

1. d / tw < 1680 / Fy
Where:
bf = width of flange, mm.
d = depth of section, mm.
tf = thickness of flange, mm.
tw = thickness of web, mm.
Fy = yield stress , Mpa.
Members Subject to Bending

Non - Compact Section Criteria
Laterally Supported Beams
1. bf / 2tf > 170 / Fy

1. d / tw > 1680 / Fy
Where:
bf = width of flange, mm.
d = depth of section, mm.
tf = thickness of flange, mm.
tw = thickness of web, mm.
Fy = yield stress , Mpa.
Members Subject to Bending

ASD Allowable Shear Stress

Fv = 0.40 Fy

If h/tw < 380 / Fy
otherwise:
Fv = FyCv/2.89 but not greater than 0.40Fy
Where:
Cv = 45,000 kv / Fy (h/t)2 when Cv < 0.8
= (190/(h/t)) (kv / Fy) when Cv > 0.8
kv = 4.00 + [ 5.34 / (a/h)2 ] when a/h < 1.0
= 5.34 + [ 4.00 / (a/h)2 ] when a/h > 1.0
Note: all dimensions are in inches and stresses in ksi.
Members Subject to Bending

Allowable Deflection (δ)

For simple Span = L/240

For Cantilever = L/180
Members Subject to Bending

Find the safe concentrated load acting
at midspan of a steel section with a
simple span of 6m. Assume that the
beam is laterally supported. Include the
weight of the beam. Beam Properties:
A = 5310 mm2 Ix = 40.6x106 mm4
tw = 7.2 mm Iy = 8 x 106 mm4
tf = 11.80 mm Sx = 399 x 103 mm3
d = 205 mm Sy = 108 x 103 mm3
bf = 166 mm