PMT

DIFFERENTIATION Answers

1 1
1 a ex b 3ex c d
x 2x

1 1
2 a −2et b 6t + c et + 5t4 d 3 2
2
t + 2et
t
2 − 12 7 8
e + 12 t f 2.5et − g −t−2 + h 14t − 2 + 4et
t 2t t
2 1 8 1
or + or −
t 2 t t t2

dy dy dy 1 3
3 a = 12x2 + ex b = 7ex − 10x + 3 c = + 5
2
x2
dx dx dx x
d2 y d2 y d2 y 1
= 24x + ex = 7ex − 10 = −x−2 + 15
4
x2
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
dy 6 dy 3 dy − 12 1
d = 5ex + e = −3x−2 + f = 2x +
dx x dx x dx 4x
d2 y d2 y d2 y − 32
= 5ex − 6x−2 = 6x−3 − 3x−2 = −x − 1
4
x−2
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2

1
4 a f ′(x) = 3 + ex b f ′(x) = − 2x
x
f ′(0) = 3 + 1 = 4 f ′(4) = 1
4
− 8 = −7 34
− 12 2
c f ′(x) = 1
2
x + d f ′(x) = 5ex − 2x−3
x
− 12
f ′(9) = 1
6
+ 2
9
= 7
18
f ′( − 12 ) = 5e + 16 [ 19.0 (3sf) ]

dy 5 dy dy 4
5 a = −8=0 b = 2.4ex − 3.6 = 0 c = 6x − 14 + =0
dx x dx dx x
5 = 8x ex = 1.5 3x2 − 7x + 2 = 0
x = 58 x = ln 1.5 (3x − 1)(x − 2) = 0
1
[ 0.405 (3sf) ] x= 3
,2

1
6 a f ′(x) = 2ex − 3 = 7 b f ′(x) = 15 + = 23
x
1
ex = 5 =8
x
1
x = ln 5 [ 1.61 (3sf) ] x= 8

1 30
c f ′(x) = 1
4
x−2+ = −1 d f ′(x) = − 2x = 4
x x
x2 − 4x + 4 = 0 x2 + 2x − 15 = 0
(x − 2)2 = 0 (x + 5)(x − 3) = 0
x=2 ln x only real for x > 0 ∴ x = 3

 Solomon Press
 PMT

DIFFERENTIATION Answers page 2

dy dy 1 dy 2 −1
7 a = ex − 2 b = − 10 c = − 12 x 2
dx dx x dx x
1 2 −1
SP: ex − 2 = 0 SP: − 10 = 0 SP: − 12 x 2 =0
x x
1
x = ln 2 x= 1
10
4 − x2 = 0
d2 y d2 y 1
= ex = −x−2 x 2 = 4, x = 16
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y d2 y − 32
x = ln 2: =2 x= 1
10
: = −100 = −2x−2 + 1
4
x
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
d2 y
∴ (ln 2, 2 − 2 ln 2), min ∴ ( 101 , −1 − ln 10), max x = 16: = − 256
1
dx 2
∴ (16, 8 ln 2 − 4), max
dy dy 4 dy 72
d = 4 − 5ex e =2− f = 2x − 26 +
dx dx x dx x
4 72
SP: 4 − 5ex = 0 SP: 2 − =0 SP: 2x − 26 + =0
x x
x = ln 4
5
x=2 x2 − 13x + 36 = 0
d2 y d2 y
= −5ex = 4x−2 (x – 4)(x − 9) = 0
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y
x = ln 4
5
: = −4 x = 2: =1 x = 4, 9
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y
∴ (ln 4
5
, 4 ln 4
5
− 4), max ∴ (2, 11 − 4 ln 2), min = 2 − 72x−2
dx 2
d2 y
x = 4: = − 52
dx 2
d2 y 10
x = 9: = 9
dx 2
∴ (4, 144 ln 2 − 88), max
(9, 144 ln 3 − 153), min

dy
8 = 1 + kex
dx
d2 y
= kex
dx 2
d2 y dy
∴ (1 − x) +x − y = (1 − x)kex + x(1 + kex) − (x + kex)
dx 2 dx
= kex − kxex + x + kxex − x − kex = 0

 Solomon Press
 PMT

DIFFERENTIATION Answers page 3

9 a x = 2 ∴ y = e2 b x = 3 ∴ y = ln 3 c x = 0 ∴ y = −2
dy dy 1 dy
x
= e , grad = e 2
= , grad = 1
3
= 0.8 − 2ex, grad = −1.2
dx dx x dx
∴ y − e2 = e2(x − 2) ∴ y − ln 3 = 1
3
(x − 3) ∴ y = −1.2x − 2
[ y = e (x − 1) ]
2
[y= 1
3
x + ln 3 − 1 ]

d x=1 ∴y=4 e x = 1 ∴ y = 1 − 3e f x = 9 ∴ y = ln 9 − 3
dy 5 −2 dy − 23 dy 1 − 12
= − 4x , grad = 1 = 13 x −3e , grad = 13 −3e
x
= − 1
2
x , grad = − 181
dx x dx dx x
∴ y−4=x−1 ∴ y − (1−3e) = ( 13 −3e)(x − 1) ∴ y − (ln 9 − 3) = − 181 (x − 9)
[y=x+3] [ y = ( 13 − 3e)x + 2
3
] [ y = ln 9 − 5
2
− 1
18
x]

10 a x=e ∴y=1 b x=0 ∴y=7 c x = 3 ∴ y = 10 + ln 3

dy 1 1 dy dy 1
= , grad = = 3ex, grad = 3 = , grad = 1
3
dx x e dx dx x
∴ grad of normal = −e ∴ grad of normal = − 13 ∴ grad of normal = −3
∴ y − 1 = −e(x − e) ∴ y=7− 1
3
x ∴ y − (10 + ln 3) = −3(x − 3)
[ y = e + 1 − ex ]
2
[ y = 19 + ln 3 − 3x ]

d x = 1 ∴ y = −2 e x=1 ∴y=1 f x = 0 ∴ y = − 10
13

dy 3 dy 8 dy
= − 2, grad = 1 = 2x + , grad = 10 = 1
10
− 3
10
ex, grad = − 15
dx x dx x dx
∴ grad of normal = −1 ∴ grad of normal = − 101 ∴ grad of normal = 5
∴ y + 2 = −(x − 1) ∴ y−1= − 101 (x − 1) ∴ y = 5x − 13
10

[ y = −x − 1 ] [y= 1
10
(11 − x) ]

 Solomon Press