SUMMARY REPORT (FINAL)

OF
HYDROLOGY,AREA FLOOD RISK,CYCLONE EFFECT
Agriculture & Soil type:

 Almost all over the year the project area has been submerged for practicing shrimp cultures and some
high lands are practicing as agricultural land. Very minimal agricultural practicing has been observed
there. The pond water is submerged with saline water for fisheries culture and drained out.

 Due to high salinity in the mature delta the agricultural cropping intensity is very low in this area.

 Fresh water availability of the Mongla area is very poor in terms of surface fresh water and saline less
groundwater.

 Almost the project area inside is low land area. There are several large and small ponds with an average
3-4FT height of water depth.

 The study area is mainly consisting of the clay marsh and peat land in geological formation. (source:(fig 2.8)
landsat imagery geology data from GBS,1991)

Flooding:

 In the northeast, there is moderately deep flooding in the monsoon(rainy season June- October). There is
mainly shallow flooding at high tide, either throughout the year or only in the monsoon, except in the
extensive areas where tidal flooding is prevented by embankments.

 The rivers around the project area are tidal in nature and tidal surge during cyclonic storm the surge
height give rise to less than 1m. The project area is considered risk to moderately tidal surge beside
the Mongla river. The max flood levels at the measured stations are 4.24, 3.83, 3.51, 3.18, 2.78m(PWD)
corresponding to 50, 20, 10, 5 and 2.33-average years return periods.

 This water recording station is very down from the topographic elevation of the study area in
Shanbandha Union of Mongla Upazila.The project area lowest elevation point is -0.04m(PWD) and the
highest elevation point is 2.6m(PWD). The danger level of the Mongla river near the project area is
2.05m(PWD). In addition, based on technical discussion with BWDB (Khulna), the max flood level occurred
in the Mongla river upstream was 3.59m(PWD) in the year 1998.

Rainfall:

 The annual average rainfall on that gauge station is1961 mm/yr as per last 85 years recorded data of
Mongla weather station. Maximum monthly rainfall ever recorded is 1450 mm in the month of
September during 2004.
 Annual maximum rainfall of 1-Day, 3-Day, 5-Day and 7-Day accumulation has been analyzed for the Rampal
station from 1961 to 2018. It is clear from the analysis that the daily rainfall intensity is increasing for all
conditions.
Temperature,Wind,Evaporation and Humidity:

 Maximum Temperature Varies from (23.30-36.50) deg. C

Minimum Temperature Varies from (12.20-27.80) deg. C
 Monthly average maximum wind speed in Mongla weather station varies from 300-750 km/day.
The average wind speed is 1.7 m/s.
 Average relative humidity in the project area varies seasonally from 20% to 90%.

Flood Risk Assesment:

 As per the cyclone risk zone map of coastal area of Bangladesh, project site is located in the wind risk zone
of Bangladesh where no tidal surge is recorded.

 The project area is vulnerable to high wind area during cyclonic storms (not high risk area) and oceanic
depression. In the depression time the project area has been experiencing heavy rainfall with wind-gust.
 The project area is considered risk to moderately tidal surge beside the Mongla river. The project area is
vulnerable to Mongla river tidal surge though no such devastating flooding occurred by last ten years.

 Sixteen cyclones are recorded in last 25 years that had hit the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Most recent
devastating cyclone is Aila which had hit this area in 2009. Mongla was severely affected by the cyclone
as the storm water entered into the project site overtopping the bank of Pasur River. The area got inundated
during the storm.

 The project area is located at the coastal area of Bangladesh and adjacent to the Pasur and Mongla
river. The rivers around the project area are tidal in nature and tidal surge during cyclonic storm the
surge height give rise to less than 1m .
 Earthquake and Tsunami Effect : The project area is fallen under the moderate vulnerable to
Tsunami (zone 2) risk and tidal surge.

 The project area is located beside the Mongla river at the north bank. The river is free from erosion hazard
though minimal erosion present at the bank side rather than deposition is prominent there

 River Bankline Shifting and Bank Stability:

.
Hydraulic Structures & Flood Mitigation :

 Protection of the project area it is suggested to use embankment surrounding the eastern part.

 From analysis the maximum flood level is found 4.24m(PWD) for 50-years return periods with a free
board around 0.6m above top of the embankment. With Bagerhat BWDB O&M engineer the design
reference level of the embankment practicing over the area have been considered 4.3m(PWD) and it
can be considered the modified level through hydrodynamic modelling.

 Geo-bag can be used for River Embankment Protection Work.