EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF FROG

Presented by: Ms. Maria Geline Regio, RPh

 OUTLINE
Classification of Frogs
Frog as Representative Animal
Characteristics of Frogs
Sex Determination
Amplexus
External Anatomy of Frog
Buccal Cavity
 FROG
KINGDOM: Animalia
PHYLUM: Chordata
CLASS: Amphibia “double life”
ORDER: Anura “without a tail”
FAMILY: Ranidae “true frogs”
GENUS: Rana vittigera
SPECIES:
Classification of Frog
PHYLUM: Chordata
presence of notochord or chorda dorsalis
during embryonic and larval stages
gill slits at the walls of the pharynx
tubular nervous system
ventral heart
Classification of Frog
SUBPHYLUM: Vertebrata / Craniata
presence of vertebral column/spinal column
which replaces notochord in adults
vertebral column protects the spinal cord
presence of skull/cranium
skull protects the brain and sense organs of
the head
Classification of Frog
CLASS: Amphibia
Due to its ability to live both in water and
on land.
Classification of Frog
ORDER: Anura / Salienta
due to absence of tail in the adult
(although the tail is present in larval
stage)
caudal vertebrae are fused (urostyle)
forelimbs are shorter than the hindlimbs
(modified for jumping)
male have vocal sacs
Classification of Frog
FAMILY: Ranidae
the true frogs
presence of soft, slimy skin that is not
warty
large tympanum
teeth in the upper jaw
non-poisonous
Classification of Frog
GENUS: Rana
presence of highly movable
tongue
fingers are free while the toes
are connected by web
In the Philippines, there are about 23 known
species of frogs under genus Rana. Rana
vitigerra is the common species of frog widely
distributed throughout the Philippines.
Rana magna, largest frog in the Philippines
may be found along banks of small mountain
stream or rivers
R. vitiggera and R. magna are edible frogs
commonly sold in Philippine markets
 Frog As Representative
Animal
Frog’s anatomy exhibit
numerous similarities with those
of other vertebrates, including
man.
Frog’s physiology can readily be
demonstrated by using the
animal for physiologic
experimentation.
Convenience in handling
(requires less space and chemical
 Frog As Representative
Animal
Abundance & availability
throughout the year assure a
cheap and steady supply of
specimen.
The life cycle of frog is well
known and can readily be
observed either natural or
laboratory conditions.
 Frog As Representative
Animal
Although frogs and humans differ in so many
aspects, a student with sufficient knowledge of
frog’s anatomy will soon come to realize that
their fundamental structures and physiologic
processes show numerous similarities.
A great deal of knowledge gained from the
study of frog would, therefore, be
applicable to the human body.
 Characteristics Of Frogs
1. They can live on both land and in
water

CUTANEOUS PULMONARY
RESPIRATIO RESPIRATIO
 Characteristics Of Frogs
2. They do not
have constant
body
temperature
(cold-blooded)
 Characteristics Of Frogs

3. They have the

ability to change
color to hide
them from
enemies
 Characteristics Of Frogs
4. They take shelter in
deep burrows to
protect them from
extreme cold or heat.
This is called summer
sleep (estivation) and
winter sleep
(hibernation)
Sex Determination

Female Frog Male Frog

Larger in size Smaller in size
Sex Determination
Female Frog Male Frog

Skin on ventral
surface of the
Pigment of the
head near
skin are
angles of jaw is
scattered/diffuse
dark pigmented
d
area which is
distinguishable
Sex Determination

Female Frog Male Frog

Smaller tympanum Larger tympanum
Sex Determination

Males have vocal

sacs
 Sex Determination

During breeding season, the thumbs of

the male frog become enlarged or
swollen. This is associated with
 AMPLEXU
S

Male’s clasping instinct during breeding

season.
AMPLEXU
S Male clasps and hangs on
tenaciously at the back of the
female.
The swollen thumbs fit snugly
into the axillae (armpits) of
the female and may often
become interlocked.
Sperm and egg are released at
same time and place
This increases chances of
external fertilization
External Anatomy of Frog
External Anatomy of Frog
HEAD- flat; more/less
triangular with blunt
apex called snout.

NOSTRILS/EXTERNA
L NARES- closed by the
valves when the tip of
the upper jaw is
raised.
External Anatomy of Frog
UPPER EYELID- Thick;
little movement
LOWER EYELID- Thin;
more movable
NICTITATING
MEMBRANE (Third
eyelid)- Above lower
eyelid; thinner; more
transparent
External Anatomy of Frog
TYMPANUM/EARDRU
M- when sound waves
strike tympanum,
vibrations are transmitted
through columella to the
inner ear, to the brain.
MOUTH – Consists of
dorsal & ventral lip folds
that are immovable folds
of skin
External Anatomy of Frog
BROW SPOT- small,
light- colored mark
found in the medial
dorsal line of the head
HUMP- Located near the
middle of the dorsal
aspect of trunk
ANUS/CLOACAL
OPENING/VENT-
Opening for discharge
External Anatomy of Frog
FORELIMBS- small;
short; for raise &
support
upper arm
lower arm/forearm
manus/hand
carpus/wrist, palm,
digits
External Anatomy of Frog
HINDLIMBS- larger;
long; for jumping &
swimming
thigh
shank
pes/foot
tarsus/ankle, sole, digits
with web (membranous
extension of skin), and
prehallux (the rudiment
of the 6ᵗʰ toe)