Republic of the Philippines

11 Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Samar
District of Marabut
OSMEÑA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Osmeña, Marabut, Samar
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

TECHNOLOGY &
LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
(COOKERY)
LEARNING ACTIVITY
WEEK SHEET
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GRADE 11 - COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING

 Learning Area

ERGONOMICS
Title

I. Introduction:

Ancient Greek's obsession with the appearance and

development of the human body showed an appreciation of how the
human body functions and interacts with objects that are
surrounding it. The word ‘ergonomics’ was founded in 1857 by
Wojciech Jastrzebowski and really means ‘the natural laws of work.
The word ‘ergonomic’ was formed by the Greek words ‘ergon’ which
means work, and ‘nomos’ which means natural laws. Ergonomics
increased its role in our culture as the ‘Industrial Revolution’
progressed with ideas of how to increase the production of workers
by studying the work that is being done. As a result of these
observations, which at the time was called ‘Scientific Management’,
improvements were being made by auditing a job which was being
performed and the type of material and tools used to complete it, as
well as a certain ‘fit' which could be made that would further improve
worker productivity and development.

II. Learning Competencies (with code):

Perform work within ergonomic guidelines.
TLE_IACSS9-12PCO–Id-e-5

III. Strategy:
 A. Explore:

Answer the following questions and write your

answer in your answer sheet.

1. What is the importance of proper posture in

work?

2. What are the benefits when applying correct

posture?

B. Learn:

ERGONOMICS is about how people, based on their physical

capabilities, can best organize and conduct their activities.
Ergonomics is aimed at developing and applying knowledge and
techniques to enhance system performance. It also focuses on the
health, safety, and well-being of the individuals involved.

TYPES OF ERGONOMICS

1. Physical ergonomics - the science of designing user interaction

with equipment and workplaces to fit the user.

2. Cognitive ergonomics - is concerned with mental processes,

such as perception, memory, reasoning, and motor response, as
they affect interactions among humans and other elements of a
system.

3. Organizational ergonomics - is concerned with the optimization

of socio-technical systems, including their organizational structures,
policies, and processes.

What is Computer Ergonomics?

Computer ergonomics- is the discipline of
matching the task to the worker using the
most appropriate equipment to optimize
human well-being and overall performance.
Computer ergonomics is the study of how
we interact with our computers. Scientists
that study computer ergonomics, attempt to
find solutions to strain, fatigue, and injuries
caused by poor product design or
workplace arrangement.

Computer Ergonomics Checklist:

 Chair must be comfortable and adjustable.

 Chair should be on rollers to allow for proper positioning, and
re-positioning.
 Chair should not have arms, or should have arms that fold
down.
 Computer monitor should be right in front of chair, not to the
side.
 Keyboard should be in keyboard tray so that arms are level
when typing.
 Monitor should be large, a flat screen monitor is preferred
over a CRT.
 Monitor should not have glare, install curtains or a glare
screen if necessary.
 Arm should not rest on a sharp corner or edge of desk.
 Lighting should be plentiful, sunlight and florescent light is
preferred over incandescent.
 Work area should not be cluttered.
 A foot rest should be used by persons whose legs do not
adequately reach the ground.
 Noise should be kept to a minimum.
 An ergonomically designed keyboard and mouse should be
considered.
 Use a phone headset to free up hands and prevent cradling
the phone with the neck.

Principle of Ergonomics
 1. Work in Neutral Postures.
2. Reduce Excessive Force.
3. Keep Everything in Easy Reach.
4. Work at Proper Heights.
5. Reduce Excessive Motions.
6. Move, Exercise, and Stretch.
7. Maintain a Comfortable Environment.

EXAMPLES OF CORRECT WORKING POSTURE

Using laptop computer in different position.

Using desktop computer with the appropriate equipment.

 Using the computer keyboard.

Some applications of ergonomics…

 Ergonomics in Motor Vehicle transportation.

 Military Ergonomic Standards.
 Ergonomics Guidelines for the design, installation and use of
machine tools.
 Quality Management standards.
 Health Planning and organization standards.
 Noise Level standards.
 Eye, head, hearing protection, air quality, safety signs etc.

ERGONOMIC INJURIES

Ergonomic injuries are those injuries caused by the presence

of ergonomic risk factors.

Ergonomic injuries may be referred to as:

1. Repetitive Stress Injuries (RSIs) - are injuries that happen when
too much stress is placed on a part of the body, resulting in
inflammation (pain and swelling), muscle strain, or tissue damage. 

2. Repetitive Motion Injuries (RMIs) - temporary or permanent

injuries to muscles, nerves, ligaments and tendons caused by doing
the same motion over and over again.
3. Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) - are injuries or pain in the
human musculoskeletal system, including the joints, ligaments,
muscles, nerves, tendons, and structures that support limbs, neck
and back.
Common causes of MSD:
1. Repetitive and/or prolonged activities
2. Awkward postures/positions for an extended time
3. Static postures
4. Vibration
5. High/low Temperatures for an extended time
6. Forceful exertions
4. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - a pinched nerve in the wrist. (CTS) is
the inflammatory disorder that is caused due to repetitive stress,
physical injury or any other condition that causes the tissues around
the median nerve to inflated.

5. Computer Vision Syndrome - is a condition resulting from focusing

the eyes on a computer or other display device for protracted,
uninterrupted periods of time and the eye's muscles being unable to
recover from the constant tension required to maintain focus on a
close object.
Eye strain refers to ocular fatigue, eye discomfort and headaches
associated from intensive use of the eyes. Common causes include:

1. Glare on the computer screen.

2. Poor visual correction (out of date
eyeglass prescription).
3. Reading small character sizes on the
screen.
4. Poor contrast between text and
background on the monitor.
5. Noticeable screen flicker.
6. Dry eyes.

C. Engage:

IDENTIFICATION
Direction: Identify the correct answer for each number. Write your
answer in your answer sheet.

___________1. Is about how people, based on their physical

capabilities, can best organize and conduct their
activities.

___________2. Is the study of how we interact with our computers.

___________3. Is concerned with the optimization of socio-technical

systems, including their organizational structures,
policies, and processes.

___________4. Is concerned with mental processes, such as

perception, memory, reasoning, and motor
response, as they affect interactions among
humans and other elements of a system.
.

___________5. Is the science of designing user interaction with

equipment and workplaces to fit the user.
___________6. Is a condition resulting from focusing the eyes on a
computer or other display device for protracted,
uninterrupted periods of time.

___________7. Is the inflammatory disorder that is caused due to

repetitive stress, physical injury.

___________8. Are injuries or pain in the human musculoskeletal

system.

___________9. Temporary or permanent injuries to muscles,

nerves, ligaments and tendons caused by doing the
same motion over and over again.

___________10. It refers to ocular fatigue, eye discomfort and

headaches associated from intensive use of the
eyes.

D. Apply:

TRUE OR FALSE
Direction: Identify the following statements if it is true or false. Write
T if the statement is true and F if false.

1. You can put your keyboard in any position in that way you can
avoid any injuries.

2. Adjust all sound volume to maximum.

3.Computer monitor should be placed on the side of the table.

4. Always use harsh lightings.

5. Chair should not be on rollers.

6. Use a phone headset to free up hands and prevent cradling the
phone with the neck.

7. An ergonomically designed keyboard and mouse should be

considered.

8. Work area should not be cluttered.

9. Chair must be comfortable and adjustable.

10. Arm should not rest on a sharp corner or edge of desk.

PRATICAL TEST
Direction: Take a picture of yourself while applying the different
ergonomics in your home by following the examples below. Each
posture will be divided into 2, the correct and wrong posture. Send
your output to your teachers’ messenger account.

This rubric will be used as a guide for the practical test.

Follow the ergonomics that is illustrated below.

1. Sitting Posture

2. Standing Posture

3. Lifting Posture
IV. Rubrics

V. References

https://www.slideshare.net/moragonous/computer-ergonomics-
presentation-761872
http://www.cpaadvisor.us/sub/2_ergonomics.htm
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/computerworkstations/index.html
http://www.safecomputingtips.com/carpal-tunnel-syndrome.html

IV. Key to Correct Answers

ENGAGE

1. Ergonomics
2. Computer Ergonomics
3. Organizational Ergonomics
4. Cognitive Ergonomics
5. Physical Ergonomics
6. Computer Vision Syndrome
7. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
8. Musculoskeletal Disorders
9. Repetitive Motion Injuries
10. Eye strain