STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION IN ANIMALS

Rana tigrana Periplaneta Americana

Cold-blooded nocturnal omnivores

Male Reproductive system

-Pain of testes at 4th-6th abdominal
Common indian varieties segment.
Male Reproductive system
Peretima and Lumbricus -Genital pouch has -1) Anus
- Testes : Pair of yellowish 2) Male genital pore
ovoid structures, adheres to 3) Phallomere
upper part of kidneys by -Anal style present
mesorchium. Reproductive System
( Hermaphrodite )
Male- 2pairs of testes (10th and 11th). Female Reproductive system
-Vas differentia upto 18th segment. -Pain of ovories at 2th-6th abdominal
Female Reproductive system -One pair of accessory gland in segment.
17th and 19th segments. -Genital pouch has -1)Female gonopore
- A pair of ovories situated -4 pairs of spermathecae in 6th 2)Spermathecal pores
near kidneys. - 9th Segments. 3)Collateral glands
Tight- check the flow between cells.
- No functional connection Animal tissue Cell junction -Anal style absent.
Gap- helps in between cells’ communication.
with kidneys by mesorchium. Female- 1 Pair of ovories at 12th
Adhering- cements the cells together. intersegmental septa of and 13th. EXCRETORY SYSTEM
-Ovorian funnels beneath ovories. Respiratory System
1) Epithelial Tissue Excretory organ - Nephridia
-Oviduct opens on 14th segment -Trachea, divided into tracheoles
as female genital pore. -Integumentary - attached to the living -Tracheoles carry oxygen to all body
Fertilization of body wall from 3rd to end.
ii) Simple: made of single layer of cells. iii) Compound parts.
- External in water. i) Glandular: Columnar and -Septal - present on both sides of
- Development involves a cuboidal are specialized and intersegmental septa of 15th to end. -Trachea opens via spiracles.
squamous squamous
larval stage, tadpole. for secretion. -Pharyngeal as- 3 paired tufts in 4th – 6th
- function is exchange of material, filtration & - Protection against abrasion.
- Tadpole Adult.
Unicellular – goblet cells of alimentary canal little absorption.
segments.
- Epidermis of skin, hair & oral
-Nephridia regulate volume and composition of
Vascular system
Multicellular – salivary glands - lining cavity organs like heart, lungs etc. cavity. body fluids. -Open type
Endocrine – Pituitary, thymus -They start as a funnel to connects excess -Blood,called Haemolymph has
Circulatory System Exocrine – sweat & sebaceous glands Cuboidal fluid from coelomic chamber. colorless plasma and haemocytes.
Columnar
-Heart: 3-Chambered, - Absorption & -Deliver body waste to body to body wall -Alary muscles help in circulation.
2 Artia + 1 Ventricle. 2) CONNECTIVE TISSUE - Protection & secretion. surface through pore.
secretion. -Heart is dorsal and 13 chambered.
-Ventricle opens into conus - tubules and ducts - Epiglottis & mammary
arteriosus on ventral side LOOSE DENSE SPECIALIZED glands.
of glands & surface
of heart. - Areolar - Regular - lymph of ovary. Sensory system Alimentary canal
-Blood from heart is carried - Adipose - Blood Columnar Cuboidal - No eyes but sensitive to light &
to all body parts by arterial - Irregular -Divided into - Foregut, midgut and
- Bones - secretion & touch.
system. - help in mechanical & chemical hindgut.
- Cartilage absorption. - Chemoreceptors 7 for response to
stress. -Mouth opens into Pharynx
chemical stimuli.
- Gastrointestinal - sweat glands, and cand & - Sense organs located on anterior Oesophagus Crop (food storing
tract. female urethra. part of body region) Gizzard, where grinding
Blood Vascular system
3) NEURAL TISSUE of food occurs Hepatic Caeca
-Heart + Blood vessels + Midgut Malpighian tubules
Blood. Ciliated Psuedo – stratified Digestive System Hindgut.
-RBCS are nucleated and - Movement of I- 3 segment Terminal mouth opens in buccal
red in color - Protection & movevment Nervous system -Hindgut is divided into ileum, Colon
mucous & egg. cavity.
- Represent by Ganglia. and rectum.
- Respiration tract & - Salivary glands,trachea, Muscular Pharynx 5-7 segment.
and male urethra. - Ganglia arranged on ventral Oesophagus -Rectum opens out through anus.
fallopian tube. 8-9 segment.
paired nerve cord. helps in grinding soil and
Gizzard
Lymphatic system - The bifurcated nerve cord joins the decaying leaues.
-Lymph + Lymph channel
cerebral ganglia dorsally to from stomach 9-14 segment - calciferous General Features
LOREM IPSUM nerve ring. Body Head
+ Lymph nodes. gland neutralizes humic acid Prothorax
- cerebral ganglia commands muscu- in humus Thorax Mesothorax
-Lymph has no RBC's 4) MUSCULAR TISSUE lar responses. intestine 15- last segment - Open into Abdomen Metathorax
-skeletal/ striated -long & cylindrical Anus. (covered by hard chitinous exoskeleton made of
present in-limbs, tongue & pharynx typhlosole Characterised by presence of NAG )
-Smooth / Unstriated -walls of viscer- internal medial fold of dorsal -Head has compound eye, Ocellus and
Digestive system Respiratory system wall.
al organ antennae.
-Short alimentary canal -spindle shaped with pointed end - No specialized breathing organ system. -Has mosaic vision for nocturnal vision
+ digestive glands. -Carcliac -Long & cylindrical
- Exchange occurs via moist body surface into (Covering of mouth) MORPHOLOGY
-Mouth Buccal cavity -Uninucleate
Stomach Intestine -Presentin Heart blood stream.
rectum cloaca. (5-9 segments)

-Digested food is absorbed

within intestine and (14-16)

undigested solid waste is Nervous system CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (14 segments)

removed via cloaca.

- has blood vessels, capillaries and heart. (18 segments)

Central Peripheral Autonomic

- contraction helps blood circulation in one
Respiratory system direction.
Land- Buccal cavity skin Brain Cranial Sympathetic - smaller blood vessels supply the gut, nerve
and Lungs as pulmonary nerves cord & body wall.
Spiral cord Parasympathetic
respiratory organs.
Spiral - Blood glands in 4th 5th & 6th segment
Water- Skin acts as nerves produce blood cells & hems globin.
cutaneous respiratory
organ. -Brain- present in cranium, has 3 parts:-
1) Fore brain 2) Mid brain 3) Hind brain

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