Dosha Dhatu Mala Article

World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Rajeshwari et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

SJIF Impact Factor 8.084
Volume 12, Issue 9, 2784-2790. Review Article ISSN 2277– 7105
DOSHA DHATU MALA THE SAVIOURS OF HUMAN BODY
Rajeshwari*1 and Anand S.2
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Shalyatantra, Prasanna College of Ayurveda and
Hospital, Laila, Belthangady, Karnataka 574214.
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Roga Nidana Evam Vikriti Vigyana, Global Institute of
Ayurveda, Rajkot, Gujarat 360020.
ABSTRACT
Article Received on
21 April 2023, Human biology is a topic of great interest since ages. The scholars of
Revised on 11 May 2023, the yore have discovered the anatomy, physiology, pathogenesis of
Accepted on 31 May 2023,
DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20239-28469 diseases and even the methods of management with a time-tested
theory - the Tridosha. Dosha (Vatadaya) that which do vitiation, Dhatu
(Rasadaya) that which do conservation and Mala (Mootradaya) that
*Corresponding Author
Rajeshwari which contaminates. The life is sustained by the equilibrium of the
Assistant Professor, Dosha, Dhatu and Mala. They are the promoting factors of the body
Department of Shalyatantra, with their various quality and functions (Guna & Karma). If all the
Prasanna College of
functions are performed naturally and perfectly, the resultant condition
Ayurveda and Hospital,
of the body is health. It will be ill otherwise. Together Dosha, Dhatu,
Laila, Belthangady,
Karnataka 574214. Mala are the Moola of the Deha. Then individually what they are?
Here an attempt is made to reconsider these aspects.
KEYWORDS: Tridosha, Saptadhatu, Trimala.
INTRODUCTION
One of the main fundamental theories of Ayurveda involves a method of understanding health
and illness known as Tridosha.[1] Nutrients for the formation and development of all tissues
are supplied by one stream of pool. Dosha that which do vitiation, They hold up each other is
Dhatus, Mala that which contaminates our body. All the matters in the universe including
human body are made up of permutation and combination of the Panchamahabhootas[4](five
elements). Pruthvi-Kharathva (roughness) Ap-Dravathva (liquidity) Teja-Ushnatva (heat)
Vayu-Chalathva (movement force) Akasha-Avakasha (space) are present in both Brahmanda
(universe) and Pindanda (living cell). Combination of these elements in different proportion
forms the Doshas. Vayu and Akasha together form Vata Dosha, Agni and Jala form Pitta
www.wjpr.net │ Vol 12, Issue 9, 2023. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │ 2784
Dosha. Pruthvi and Ap form the Kapha Dosha. Tridosha Prakruthi[5]never get altered, except
at the time of death. Dosha Vaishamya is the prime factor of disease manifestation. Dravyas
play important role in this regard. Some normalize the Doshas and cure the disease. Some
other harm the Dhatus like poison. The third group which promotes the health works as food.
There is a kind of conditioning of the individuals Prakruthi like Vishakanya. Vishakanya[6] is
a girl habituated by taking a small quantity of poison daily, but the poison does not harm her.
Instead, her body acquires the characteristics of the poison.
DISCUSSION
Dosha as Moola: Vata is omnipotent. It is the creator, sustainer and destroyer of the universe.
Aggravated Vayu pulls down the trees, causes storm, avalanche, destroys vegetation, animals
and human beings with floods, deluge or even drought. It brings happiness and favors for all.
The air which we breath is Vayu is quite different from Vata. Among the five senses, it is
only the skin which is capable of perceiving the Vayu when it moves. Vata is that factor
which is made of all the Gunas of Vayu and thus carries out all the Karmas of Vayu in the
body. Pitta is formed during the metabolism of Rakta while contributing its homologue to
nourish Mamsa (muscle tissue). Maharshi Mareecha says that Agni appears in the body in the
form of Pitta and that in its normal state causes hunger, digestion of food and enables vision.
When it gets vitiated, harms the body and psyche. Kapha is the by-product formed during the
transformation of Rasa to Rakta. How plants and animals use water for their living? The
plants have their roots in the earth and the fetus in the mammals is submerged in the amniotic
fluid. Thus, both are dependent of Pruthvi and Ap which are the true components of Kapha.
Every cell in body is bathing in tissue fluid and its nucleus in cytoplasm. In the same way,
Kapha builds up the body and provides strength. It receives the nutrient material from Rasa
Dhatu, repairs the worn-out tissue and also resists the disease.
Dosha and Roga: Vata Prakriti person has more chances to get Vata roga even though his
prakriti is accustomed to Vata Dosha. Same case in with Pitta and Kapha. These Doshas
being Moola of the body and the body is accustomed to all the Doshas no one needs to get
any disease by them. But a Dosha which accumulates, aggravates and gets vitiated by others
and causes the vitiation of other Doshas, Dhatus and Mala, subsequently causes the disease
formation. In Ayurveda everything is based on Tridosha Siddanta starting from the respective
Dosha involvement in the Nidana Panchaka[7] the Sadhyasadhyata[8] and in the Chikitsa.
Acharya Badanta Nagarjun’s Rasa Vaisheshika explains Samadhikatwa, Kaala Panchakatwa
and Sarvaatideshatwa is naturally abundant and Sarva Vata Pitta Shleshma Bhava.
Samadhikatwa is a state of being Samadhika or supporter. Pitta and Kapha depends on Vata
for their function. Pitta, Kapha, Dhatu, Malas and everything else in the body with the
exception of Vata are lame and depended on Vata for movement. They function as directed
by Vata like the clouds which move according to the direction of the wind.
Dhatu as moola: The factors which govern the body in discharging functions normally are
known as Dhatus. Acharya Charaka opines as Srotas transports the Dhatu which have
undergone metabolic transformations. This metabolite which is absorbed and shifted into the
circulation is known as Rasa. From Rasa, the remaining Dhatus are formed. From Rasa
Raktha gets evolved and Raktha forms Mamsa in its turn. Mamsa produces Medha and this
Medha gives birth to Asthi. Asthi then produces Majja and from Majja, Shukra gets formed.[9]
Chakrapanidatta has described Dhatus are of two kinds. They are Asthayi or Poshaka and
Sthayi or Poshya Dhatus. Poshya dhatus are those which gets nourished by the existing stable
tissue elements. If these Dhatus are in Prakruta (proper) form, it will nourish the body. If it is
in improper form, it will destroy the body. Dharana Dhatu helps in giving Bala (strength)
Dridata (strong) and Sthiratha (Stability). Rasa Dhatu is the Moola Dhatu which will do
Tarpana (nourishing) Dharana (Maintaining) Yapana (sustainment) of twenty-four Dhamanis
of Hridaya. Rasa does the Preenana (Supplementation), Raktha dhatu gives the Jeevana
(life), Mamsa Dhatu (Adipose tissue) gives Pushti to the body, it is in more quantity and
provides Dridata (Strong) and also it gives Akara (shape) to the body. Medho Dhatu does
Snehana (oleation) Swedana (Fomentation) and Sandi Samshleshana (lubrication). Asthi
Dhatu does Dharana (support) of the body. Majja Dhatu provides Poorana (filling of the
hollow in long bones). Shukra Dhatu does the Prajothpadana (Producing progeny). The three
well known hypotheses Kedarakulya nyaya[10] (Canal irrigates the paddy field), Ksheeradadi
nyaya[11] (Conversion of milk to curds) and Kale kapotanayaya[12] (accumulation of different
kinds of corn and pigeon) explain the formation of Dhatus and nourishment of the body.
Dhatu and Roga: If these Dhatus are vitiated due to any other causes, then it will lead to
improper functioning. Rasa Vriddi is understood by the symptoms of Kapha Vriddi as mala
of Kapha is formed due to Kshaya of Rasagni. By this, its next Dhatu Rakta is affected and
leads to the formation of the disease. Kapha Kara Ahara Vihara leads to Rasavaha Sroto
Vikaras like Sthoulya, Prameha etc. Same way other Dhatus cause respective disorders. If the
Dhatus are in normal state, will do the formation of next Dhatu and the proper production of
Dhatu mala takes places.
Mala as Moola: Dravya which causes Malinata to the body is called as Mala. Yet in certain
condition, it supports the body and hence it is called as Dharaka also. Like the formation of
Doshas during the Avastha paaka[13] and Nishta paaka Kaala, even the Malas are produced
during Avastha paaka of Ahara. Drava kitta is formed as Mootra and Ghanakitta as Purisha.
During the Utpatti Kaala each Dhatu produces respective Mala. Kapha is the Mala of Rasa,
Pitta is the Mala of Raktha, Mala in the Nasa, Karnachidra is of Mamsa, Sweda is of Medha,
Nakha and Roma is of Asthi, Netra, Twacha, Purishashritha Sneha is of Majja, Oja is of
Shukra. If the normal wastes have not passed in their course, it must be considered as their
increase in the body (Vriddhi). If they pass out too much then it decreases the tissue (Kshaya).
For example, Vibandha and Atisara respectively. In Atisara, depleation of Udaka and
Pureesha takes place, which leads to Durbalatha (debility). Acharya Charaka while
explaining Rajayakshma opines that when the Kshaya of all the Dhatus occurs, Pureesha
provides Bala to the patient. It indicates that proper formation and elimination of Pureesha
regularly keeps person healthy.
Dosha Dhatu Mala as Moola: Dosha Dhatu and Mala are in Samavaya Sambanda in the
body. Like the cloths are prepared out of thread, pot prepared out of mud, in the same way
body is formed out of Dosha Dhatu and Mala. They have respective Udbavasthana. Vaidika
and Puranika Sahitya consider Agni as Vaishvanara (soul). Lord Srikrishna in Bagavdhgita
fifteenth chapter tells that Vaishvanara is located in the body. Along with Prana and Apana it
digests the four types of Ahara and do the Paalana and Poshana of the Shareera. If Agni is
altered, then proper formation of Dosha Dhatu Mala won’t takes place. Brihadaranyaka
Upanishad and Charaka Samhitha quote Vaishvanara as Jataragni. If this Agni becomes
Shanta {inert/non-functioning) then it is considered as Arishta lakshana, it may lead to the
death of the person. Dalhana says if Dhatus are in Swamatra (appropriate quantity) they will
do the Dharana and Poshana normally. Along with Rasadi Dhatu, Vatadi dosha and
Purishadi Mala does the Darana of Shareera. Arunadatta explaines Rasadi Dhatu never do
Dooshana of Tridosha but Vatadi Dosha do the vitiation of Rasadi Dhatu and produces
Vyadhi. According to Acharya Sushruta, Shareera and other Avayava of Shareera are formed
by Dosha Dhatu and Mala. Vriddi Kshaya, Arogya Anarogya Vikruthi, Avikruthi depends on
the Ahara Vihara. Ayurvedic Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology is based on Dosha Dhatu
and Mala. In the formation of the disease starting from Sannikrishta Nidana, Dosha
involvement is seen and Vata Dosha is having upper hand. If it is in Prakruta Avsatha then
remaining Dosha Dhatu Mala also do their respective functions and keeps person healthy.
Dosha supports the body like Tridanda (three pillars).
CONCLUSION
In Srishti by Brahma, Chandra Surya and Vayu do the Dharana of all the objects means
Chandra by his Prabhava gives Pushti and Bala to all the Sthavara Jangama creatures. Surya
does Shoshana and Vayu spreads the Prabhava of these two to the whole world. Similarly,
Chandra Sthaniya Kapha gives Pushti and Bala to the Shareera, Suryasthaniya Pitta does the
proper functioning of the all the organs and Vayu helps the Kapha and Pitta to do their work.
By this, it does Dharana of body and helps the Dhatu and Mala to be in Prakrutha avastha.
Dharma Artha and Kama are Paraspara Virodi’s. If handled properly by intelligence, they
will not harm anyone. In the same way by following proper Ahara Vihara Acharas we can
keep Dosha Dhatu Mala in Prakrutha avastha and it will give Arogya, Bala, Varna, Sukha
and Ayushya. Arunadatta says like the stem, branches and root which are present in every
tree even Dosha Dhatu and malas are always there in Shareera.
A great scholar was once faced with a question-

What is Ayurveda and what not?
Is every herbal product being Ayurveda?
Are all non-herbal treatments being not Ayurveda?
Finally, he found that the treatment based on Tridosha is Ayurveda and everything else is not
Ayurveda!.
REFERENCE
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Sansrit Sansthan, Varanasi, edited by Pt.HariSadasivaSastriParadakara, Reprint edition,
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Ayurvedarasayana of Hemadri, sutrasthana chapter 1, shloka 13 published by
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Reprint edition, 2014; 10.

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World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Rajeshwari et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Volume 12, Issue 9, 2784-2790. Review Article ISSN 2277– 7105

DOSHA DHATU MALA THE SAVIOURS OF HUMAN BODY

Rajeshwari*1 and Anand S.2

A great scholar was once faced with a question-

3. Vagbhatta, AstangaHrudaya with the commentaries Sarvangasundara of Aruna Datta and

12. Acharya Shushruta, ShushrutaSamhitha, NibandhaSangraha commentary by

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