Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chap L
Chap L
Chap L
Elonga-
0.2% yield Tensile
API tion in 2 Reduction in
strength strength
material in (50 area,
Minimum, Minimum,
designation mm), min. min. (%)
psi (Mpa) psi (Mpa)
(%)
36K 36000 (248) 70000 (483) 21 No requirement
45K 45000 (310) 70000 (483) 19 32
60K 60000 (414) 85000 (586) 18 35
75K 75000 (517) 95000 (655) 17 35
L1
API material applications for bodies, bonnets and end and outlet connections
L3
MINIMUM VERTICAL FULL-OPENING BODY BORES AND MAXIMUM CASING SIZES (CONTD.)
API TYPE 6B FLANGES
Working Pressure 2000 psi (13.8 Mpa)
(API Spec 6A, 17th edition, November 1999
L5
BOLT SIZES
Ring
Nominal Diameter of Num- Diameter of Length of bolts
number
size bolt circle BC ber of bolts L
R or RX
bolts
(in) (in) (mm) (in) (mm) (in) (mm) R-RX
2.0625 5.00 127.00 8 0.625 15.88 4.50 114.30 23
2.5625 5.88 149.35 8 0.750 19.05 5.00 127.00 26
3.1250 6.62 168.15 8 0.750 19.05 5.25 133.35 31
4.0625 8.50 215.90 8 0.875 22.23 6.00 152.40 37
7.0625 11.50 292.10 12 1.000 25.40 7.00 177.80 45
9.0000 13.75 349.25 12 1.125 28.58 8.00 203.20 49
11.0000 17.00 431.80 16 1.250 31.75 8.75 222.25 53
13.6250 19.25 488.95 20 1.250 31.75 9.00 228.60 57
16.7500 23.75 603.25 20 1.500 38.10 10.25 260.35 65
21.2500 28.50 723.90 24 1.625 41.28 11.75 298.45 73
<----------------------OD---------------------->
<------------------BC--------------->
<----------K min. ------------->
<----B------>
Qmin
T-0+0.12
API TYPE 6B FLANGES
WORKING PRESSURE 3000 PSI (20.7 MPA)
(API Spec 6A, 17th edition Sep, 1999
L7
Bolt Sizes
Length of Ring
Nominal Diameter of Num- Diameter of
bolts number
size bolt circle BC ber of bolts
L R or RX
bolts
(in) (in) (mm) (in) (mm) (in) (mm) R-RX
2.0625 6.50 165.10 8 0.875 22.23 6.00 152.40 24
2.5625 7.50 190.50 8 1.000 25.40 6.50 165.10 27
3.1250 7.50 190.50 8 0.875 22.23 6.00 152.40 31
4.0625 9.25 234.95 8 1.125 28.58 7.00 177.80 37
7.0625 12.50 317.50 12 1.125 28.58 8.00 203.20 45
9.0000 15.50 393.70 12 1.375 34.93 9.00 223.60 49
11.0000 18.50 469.90 16 1.375 34.93 9.50 242.30 53
13.6250 21.00 533.40 20 1.375 34.93 10.25 260.35 57
16.7500 24.25 615.95 20 1.625 41.28 11.75 288.45 66
20.7500 29.50 749.30 20 2.000 50.80 14.50 368.30 74
<----------------------OD---------------------->
<------------------BC--------------->
<----------K min. ------------->
<----B------>
Qmin
T-0+0.12
API TYPE 6B FLANGES
Working Pressure 5000 psi (34.5 Mpa)
(API Spec 6A, 17th edition, November 1999
L9
Bolt Sizes
<----B------>
Qmin
T-0+0.12
API TYPE 6BX FLANGES
Working Pressure 2000 psi (13.8 Mpa), 3000 psi (20.7 MPa), 5000 PSI (34.5 MPa) and 10000 psi (69
MPa)
(API Spec 6A, 17th edition, November 1999
L1 1
API TYPE 6BX FLANGES
API TYPE 6BX FLANGES
Bolt Sizes
Ring-
Nominal Diameter of bolt Diameter of Length of bolts
Number joint
size circle BC bolts L
of bolts type
(in) (in) (mm) (in) (mm) (in) (mm) BX
2000 psi (13.8 MPa)
L1 3
API TYPE 6BX FLANGES
Working pressure : 15000 psi (103.5 MPa)
(API Spec 6a, 17th edition, November 1999)
Bolt Sizes
Ring
Nominal Diameter of Numb Diameter of Length of
joint
size bolt circle BC er of bolts bolts L
type
bolts
(in) (in) (mm) (in) (mm) (in) (mm) BX
<------------OD------------>
<--------BC-------->
Q* <---K±0.63-->
T-0+0.12
<--B-->
<-J 2min +0 -0.12->
<-----J 1 ---->
L1 5
API TYPE 6BX FLANGES
Working pressure 20000 psi (138 MPa)
(API Spec 6a, 17th edition, November 1999)
Bolt Sizes
Ring
Nominal Diameter of Numb Diameter of Length of
joint
size bolt circle BC er of bolts bolts L
type
bolts
(in) (in) (mm) (in) (mm) (in) (mm) BX
1.8125 8.00 203.20 8 1.0000 25.40 7.50 190.50 151
2.0625 9.06 230.12 8 1.1250 28.58 8.25 209.55 152
2.5625 10.31 261.87 8 1.2500 31.75 9.25 234.95 153
<------------OD------------>
<--------BC-------->
Q* <---K±0.63-->
T-0+0.12
<--B-->
<-J 2min +0 -0.12->
<-----J 1 ---->
L1 7
API TYPE R RING - JOINT GASKETS
(API Spec 6A, 17th edition, November 1999)
API TYPE R RING - JOINT GASKETS (CONTD..)
L1 9
API TYPE RX RING JOINT GASKETS
(API Spec 6a, 17th edition, November 1999)
API TYPE RX RING JOINT GASKETS (CONTD..)
(API Spec 6a, 17th edition, November 1999)
L2 1
API TYPE BX RING-JOINT GASKETS
(API Spec 6A, 17th edition, November 1999)
API TYPE BX RING-JOINT GASKETS (CONTD..)
(API Spec 6A, 17th edition, November 1999)
L2 3
RECOMMENDED FLANGE BOLT TORQUE
RECOMMENDED FLANGE BOLT TORQUE (CONTD..)
L2 5
API TYPE 16B INTEGRAL HUB CONNECTIONS
(API Spec 16A, 2nd edition, Dec' 1997)
API TYPE 16B INTEGRAL HUB CONNECTIONS (CONTINUED)
(API Spec 16a, 2nd edition, Dec, 1997)
L2 7
API TYPE 16B INTEGRAL HUB CONNECTIONS (CONTINUED)
(API Spec 16a, 2nd edition, Dec, 1997)
API TYPE 16B INTEGRAL HUB CONNECTIONS (CONTINUED)
(API Spec 16a, 2nd edition, Dec, 1997)
L2 9
DIMENSIONS OF CAMERON CLAMP FOR FLANGES
Length
Nominal
Clamp C of G m l
B (mm) size of
No (mm) studs F (mm) (mm) (mm)
studs (in)
(mm)
1 266.70 50.80 0.875-9 UN 177.80 106.43 - 97.54
2 304.80 63.50 0.875-9 UN 203.20 108.71 - 108.71
3 355.60 69.85 1.000-8UN 228.60 157.23 - 127.76
4 317.50 63.50 1.000-8UN 215.90 113.54 - 119.13
5 349.25 63.50 1.000-8UN 215.90 114.30 - 134.11
6 419.10 76.20 1.125-8 UN 247.69 136.65 - 153.92
7 508.00 95.25 1.375-8 UN 304.80 149.35 - 187.45
8 603.25 107.95 1.500-8 UN 342.90 165.10 - 223.01
9 654.05 107.95 1.375-8 UN 330.20 139.70 146.05 245.36
10 723.90 139.70 1.625-8 UN 412.75 171.45 - 264.41
11 771.65 141.22 1.375-8 UN 381.00 139.70 149.39 292.10
12 771.65 133.35 1.375-8 UN 381.00 117.35 146.05 305.56
13 838.20 153.16 2.250-8 UN 508.00 195.07 234.95 331.22
14 793.75 165.10 1.625-8 UN 463.55 146.05 146.05 328.68
15 990.60 133.35 2.500-8 UN 488.95 263.65 - 371.25
16 889.00 171.45 1.625-8 UN 476.25 139.70 172.97 373.13
17 968.25 162.05 2.250-8 UN 501.65 172.97 234.95 393.70
18 990.60 165.10 2.250-8 UN 508.00 184.15 241.3 412.75
19 1028.70 200.15 2.500-8 UN 596.90 225.30 266.7 406.40
20 1216.20 152.40 1.500-8 UN 431.80 193.55 - 505.71
21 1025.70 139.70 1.250-8UN 381.00 165.10 - 421.39
22 853.95 139.70 2.250-8 UN 457.20 222.25 234.95 338.07
23 1397.00 184.15 2.250-8 UN 546.10 234.95 - 607.31
24 1295.40 162.05 1.625-8 UN 457.20 193.55 - 546.10
25 425.45 66.55 .875-9 UN 215.90 120.65 - 169.93
26 1384.30 290.58 4.000-8 UN 939.80 401.57 - 552.20
27 1231.90 169.67 3.250-8 UN 622.30 333.25 - 496.82
28 1136.90 152.40 3.000-8 UN 660.40 304.80 - 450.85
CIW CLAMP FOR FLANGES
Make-up torque on bolts on CIW clamps
Torque
Nominal size of Torque API 5A
Clamp molybdenum
studs lubricant
No lubricant
(in) (mm) (daN.m) (lb.ft) (daN.m) (lb.ft)
1 7/8 22.23 18.6 137.27 12.7 93.73
2 7/8 22.23 37.2 274.54 24.5 180.81
3 1 25.40 54.9 405.16 37.2 274.54
4 1 25.40 54.9 405.16 37.2 274.54
5 1 25.40 54.9 405.16 37.2 274.54
6 1 1/8 28.58 81.4 600.73 54.9 405.16
7 1 3/8 34.93 149.0 1099.62 95.0 701.1
8 1 1/2 38.10 197.0 1453.86 129.4 954.97
9 1 3/8 34.93 149.0 1099.62 95.0 701.1
10 1 5/8 41.28 251.0 1852.38 162.8 1201.46
11 1 3/8 34.93 149.0 1099.62 95.0 701.1
12 1 3/8 34.93 149.0 1099.62 95.0 701.1
13 2 1/4 57.15 678.8 5009.54 434.5 3206.61
14 1 5/8 41.28 251.0 1852.38 162.8 1201.46
15 2 1/2 63.50 949.6 7008.05 597.4 4408.81
16 1 5/8 41.28 251.0 1852.38 162.8 1201.46
17 2 1/4 57.15 678.8 5009.54 434.5 3206.61
18 2 1/4 57.15 678.8 5009.54 434.5 3206.61
19 2 1/2 63.50 949.6 7008.05 597.4 4408.81
20 1 1/2 38.10 197.0 1453.86 129.4 954.97
21 1 1/4 31.75 108.8 802.94 74.5 549.81
22 2 1/4 57.15 678.8 5009.54 434.5 3206.61
23 2 1/4 57.15 678.8 5009.54 434.5 3206.61
24 1 5/8 41.28 251.0 1852.38 162.8 1201.46
25 7/8 22.23 36.2 267.16 24.5 180.81
26 4 101.60 3866.0 28531.08 2427.0 17911.26
27 3 1/4 82.55 2062.0 15217.56 1302.0 9608.76
28 3 76.20 1628.0 12014.64 1031.0 7608.78
L3 1
CAMERON RAM TYPE BLOW-OUT PREVENTERS
Operating data
Working
Nominal Fluid vloume Fluid vloume Closi- Open-
pressu-
Model size to open to close ng ing
re
ratio ratio
(in) (psi) (gal) (liters) (gal) (liters)
3000
7 1/16 0.93 3.5 1.0 3.8 4.8 1.50
and 5000
7 1/16 10000 1.80 6.8 1.9 7.2 7.7 1.70
7 1/16 15000 3.40 12.9 3.7 14.0 7.1 6.60
3000
9 1.90 7.2 1.9 7.2 4.5 2.60
and 5000
3000
Man- 11 3.20 12.1 3.3 12.5 6.0 2.00
and 5000
ual 11 10000 5.00 18.9 5.2 19.7 6.9 2.40
Lock 11 15000 8.10 30.7 8.8 33.3 7.2 3.24
3000
13 5/8 4.90 18.5 5.4 20.4 4.8 2.10
and 5000
13 5/8 10000 11.80 44.7 11.8 44.7 10.2 3.80
20 3/4 3000
7.20 27.3 8.1 30.7 4.75 0.98
21 1/4 2000
21 1/4 5000 16.60 62.8 17.5 66.2 10.2 1.90
3000
11 5.00 18.9 5.5 20.8 5.6 4.20
and 5000
Man- 11 10000 8.20 31.0 8.8 33.3 11.7 4.00
ual 11 15000 8.10 30.7 8.8 33.3 7.2 3.24
Lock 3000
13 5/8 11.20 42.4 11.5 43.5 10.1 4.70
shear and 5000
rams 20 3/4 3000
16.30 61.7 17.2 65.1 10.14 2.20
21 1/4 2000
21 1/4 5000 16.60 62.8 17.5 66.2 10.2 1.90
3000
7 1/16 0.93 3.5 1.2 4.5 5.4 1.50
and 5000
7 1/6 10000 1.80 6.8 2.0 7.6 8.2 1.70
MPL
7 1/6 15000 3.40 12.9 3.9 14.8 7.6 6.60
3000
9 1.90 7.2 2.2 8.3 5.3 2.60
and 5000
L3 3
HYDRIL RAM TYPE BLOW OUT PREVENTERS (CONTINUED)
Operating Data
L3 5
KOOMEY RAM-TYPE BLOW-OUT PREVENTERS
Operating Data
Work-
Nomi- ing Fluid volume Fluid volume Open-
Model nal size press- to open rams to close rams Closing ing
ure rartio
ratio
(in) (psi) (gal) (liters) (gal) (liters)
7 1/16 3000 0.96 3.6 1.02 3.9 4.62 1.50
L3 7
Contd ..............
CAMERON RAM-TYPE BLOW-OUT PREVENTERS (CONTD..)
Dimensions and weights
L3 9
NL SHAFFER RAM-TYPE BLOW OUT PREVENTERS (CONTINUED)
Dimensions and weights
L4 1
NL SHAFFER RAM-TYPE BLOW-OUT PREVENTERS (CONTINUED)
Dimensions and Weights
L4 3
KOOMEY RAM-TYPE BLOW-OUT PREVENTERS (Continued)
Dimensions and Weights
CAMERON TYPE - D ANNULAR BLOW-OUT PREVENTERS
L4 5
Dimensions and operating data
HYDRIL ANNULAR BLOW-OUT PREVENTERS
Contd ..............
HYDRIL ANNULAR BLOW-OUT PREVENTERS
Dimensions and operating data
L4 7
a CIW lower hub.
Dimensions and operating data
HYDRIL ANNULAR BLOW-OUT PREVENTERS
Type GL
For optional hook-up in which the secondary chamer is connected to the
closing chamber, the average pressures above must be multiplied by the
coefficient S below :
L4 9
HYDRIL ANNULAR BLOW-OUT PREVENTERS
Average closing pressure (psi) required to establish initial seal-off in a surface installation (Continued)
Type GK
* For Tests : pipe size and closing pressure recommended for maximum packing unit life
HYDRIL ANNULAR BLOW-OUT PREVENTERS
Average Closing pressure (psi) required to establish initial seal-
off in a surface installation (Continued)
Type MSP
Note : For Tests : Pipe Size and closing pressure recommended for maximum packing
unit life.
L5 1
OPERATING PRESSURE GRAPH OF 13-5/8", 5,000 PSI
HYDRIL ANNULAR PREVENTER
L5 3
Contd ..............
NL Shaffer Annular Blow-Out preventers
Dimensions and operating data
For other nominal sizes of Shaffer annular BOPs no adjustment required to close on casing
BOP CONTROL SYSTEM
Example of calculation for fluid capacity
I APPLICATION OF BOYLE'S LAW FOR CALCULATING SOTRED
USABLE FLUID IN A SURFACE ACCUMULATOR BOTTLES
P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
P1 = Precharge Pressure
V1 = Accumulator capacity
P2 = Maximum operating pressure
V2 = Volume of Nitrogen at Maximum operating pressure
P3 = Minimum operating pressure/Actual pressure
V3 = Volume of Nitrogen at P3
Minimum operating pressure should be maximum of:
i) 1200 psi
ii) Pre charge + 200 psi
iii) Minimum pressure required to close Rams depending on C/R
For 1000 psi precharge, 3000 psi maximum operating pressure &
10 gallon bottle usable fluid
10000
(V3-V2) = = 3.33
P3
II SIZING ACCUMULATION SYSTEM FOR SURFACE BOP
Example of BOP stack:
Hydril GK 13 5/8-5000
Three U-13 5/8-10000 (two rams and one shear ram)
Annular gallons to close: 17.98
Two rams @ 5.8 gal each to close: 11.6
One shear ram to close: 10.9
Total : 40.48
Plus 50% Safety Factor: 20.24
Stored Usable Fluid Required: 60.72 gallons
Accumulator Bottles = 60.72/5.0 = 12.15 Required bottles = 13
L5 5
III APPLICATION OF BOYLE'S LAW FOR CALCULATING STORED
USABLE FLUID IN A SUBSEA ACCUMULATOR BOTTLE
P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
In subsea, the pre-charge pressure must be added with the seawater
hydrostatic pressure:
See water hydrostatic gradient = 0.445 psi per foot.
Application in 3000 feet of water:
Accumulator capacity: 10 gallons (V1)
Accumulator bottle pre-charge in 3000 feet of water:
1000 + 3000 x 0.445 = 2335 psi (P1)
Minimum operating pressure in 3000 feet of water:
2335 + 200 = 2535 psi (P3)
Maximum pressure in the bottle in 3000 feet of water:
2335 + 2000 = 4335 psi (P2)
Usable fluid forced out of the bottle from 4535 psi to 2535 psi: V3 - V 2
V3 = P1 x V1/P3 V2 = P1 x V 1/P2
V3 = 2335 x 10/2535 V2 = 2335 x 10/4335
V3 = 9.2 gallons V2 = 5.4 gallons
Usable fluid: 3.8 gallons
IV SIZING ACCUMULATOR SYSTEM FOR SUBSEA BOP
Example of BOP stack:
Hydril GK 13 5/8-5000
Three U-13 5/8-10000 (two rams and one shear ram)
Annular gallons to close: 17.98
Annular gallons to open: 14.16
Two rams @ 5.8 gal. each to close: 11.6
Two rams @ 5.4 gal. each to open: 10.8
One shear ram to close: 10.9
One shear ram to open: 10.5
Total: 75.94
Plus 50% Safety Factor: 37.97
Stored Usable Fluid Required: 113.91 gallons
At least the capacity to close the annular and one ram will be mounted
subsea:
Subsea capacity = 17.98 + 5.8 = 23.78 gallon
Subsea bottles = 23.78 / 3.8 = 6.26027 bottles = 7 bottles
Surface capacity = 90.13
Surface bottles = 90.13 / 5 = 18 bottles
Note: These subsea bottles must be of 5000 psi Working Pressure.
L5 7
WELL KILLING
Warning signs are indications of approaching higher formation pressure
which means that well may go under balance if no appropriate action is
taken.
Positive kick signs indicate that the kick has already entered the well
bore.
A) Warning signs of a kick:
1. Increase in ROP
2. Increase in Torque & Drag
3. Decrease in shale density
4. Change in cutting size & shapes
5. Change in mud property
6. Increase in chloride content
7. Increase in flow line temperature
8. Increase in trip, connection & background gas
9. Change in 'd' exponent
B) Positive signs of a kick:
1. Increase in return flow (Pumps on)
2. Flow from well (Pumps off)
3. Pit volume increase
4. Decrease in pump pressure & increase in pump SPM.
C) Shut-in while drilling/circulating/coring on Land & Jack up rig
1. Stop Rotary
2. Pick up kelly to clear tool joint above rotary table.
Soft Shut In Hard Shut In
a) Open HCR valve/manual Close BOP
valve on choke line (Preferably Annular Preventer)
b) Close BOP (Preferably Open HCR/manual valve
Annular Preventer) on choke line
c) Close choke Record SIDP, SICP, Pit gain
d) Record SIDP, SICP, Pit gain
D) Shut In Procedure while tripping on land & jack up Rig. While tripping
if hole is not taking proper amount of mud, make a flow check. If
the well flows, install FOSV on the drill string, close it & close the
annulus.
1. Position tool joint above rotary table & set pipe on slips.
2. Install FOSV in open position, close it & remove the slips.
Soft Shut In Hard Shut In
a) Open HCR valve/manual Close BOP
valve on choke line (Preferably Annular Preventer)
b) Close BOP (Preferably Open HCR valve with choke
Annular Preventer) fully closed
c) Gradually close adjustable choke Make up kelly & open FOSV
d) Make up kelly & open FOSV Allow pressure to stabilise and
r e c or d S ID PP, S IC P
& pit gain
e) Allow the pressure to stabilise
and record SIDPP, SICP & pit gain
E) SCR should be recorded near bottom:
1. At beginning of each shift
2. After change in mud weight
3. After change in Bit nozzle size or BHA
4. After drilling 500 ft in a shift
5. After pump fluid end repair.
F) DRILLER'S METHOD
First circulation:
1. Bring pump upto kill speed in steps of 5 SPM, gradually opening the
choke, holding casing pressure constant.
2. When pump is upto kill speed, maintain drill-pipe pressure constant.
3. Circulate out the influx from the well maintaining drill pipe pressure
constant.
4. When the influx is out, stop the pump reducing the pump speed in
L5 9
steps of 5 SPM, gradually closing the choke, maintaining casing
pressure constant. Record pressure, SIDPP and SICP should be equal
to original SIDPP.
Second circulation:
1. Line up suction with kill mud.
2. Bring pump upto kill speed in steps of 5 SPM, gradually opening the
choke, holding casing pressure constant.
3. When pump is at kill speed, pump kill mud from surface to bit,
maintaining casing pressure constant.
4. Pump kill mud from bit to surface, maintaining drillpipe pressure
constant equal to FCP.
5. When the kill mud reaches surface, stop pump reducing the pump
speed in steps of 5 SPM, gradually closing the choke, maintaining
casing pressure constant. Record pressures, SIDPP and SICP both
should be equal to zero. Open and observe the well. Add trip margin
before resuming normal operation.
G) WAIT & WEIGHT METHOD:
1. Line up suction with kill mud.
2. Bring the pump to kill speed in steps of 5 SPM, gradually opening
the choke, holding casing pressure constant.
3. When the pump is at kill speed, pump kill mud from surface to bit,
maintaining drill pipe pressure as per step down schedule (during
this step drill pipe pressure will fall from ICP to FCP).
4. Pump kill mud from bit to surface, maintaining drill pipe pressure
constant equal to FCP.
5. When the kill mud reaches surface, stop the pump reducing the
pump speed in steps of 5 SPM, gradually closing the choke
maintaining casing pressure constant. Record pressures, SIDPP and
SICP both should be equal to zero.
Open and observe the well. Add trip margin before resuming normal
operation.
L6 1
Example of Kick Control
W & W Method
Maximum pressure at shoe during gas circulation:
x2 k 1/2
x
Pshoe = [ + W ] -
4 cdpa 2 2
where
Pshoe = Maximum pressure at shoe
x = (D-d) W2 - l (W2-W1) + Hgas - P1
D = Well depth, feet
d = Casing shoe depth, feet
W1 = Original mud gradient psi/ft
W2 = Kill mud gradient psi/ft
Hgas = Hyd. head of gas, psi
P1 = BHP (Formation Pressure)
l = Height of string volume in the annulus, feet
h = Height of Influx, feet
cdpa = Annular capacity against drillpipe bbl/ft
Calculations:
h = 20/0.0322 = 621 ft
Hgas = h (W1) - (SICP-SIDP) = 621 x 12.8 x 0.052 - (700 -500)
= 213 psi
P1 = SIDP+Hyd. head in D/string = 500+12.8 x 0.052 x 11500
= 8154 psi
Drillstring volume = 240.32 bbl (as calculated in kill sheet)
l = 240.32/0.0473 = 5080 feet
Therefore,
x = (11500 - 10160) x 13.63 x 0.052 - 5080 (13.63 x 0.052 -
12.8 x 0.052) + 213 - 8154 = 949 - 219 + 213 - 8154
= -7211
K = P1V1T2/T1 (Ignoring compressibility)
(1 indicates conditions at bottoms & 2 at shoe)
P1 = 8154, V1 = 20 bbl, T1 = 60 + 11500 x 1/100 + 460 = 635 °R
L6 3
(As °F + 460 = °R)
T2 = 60 + 10160 x 1/100 + 460 = 622 °R
K = 8154 x 20 x 622/635 = 159741
P shoe = [(-7211)2/4 + (159741 x 13.63 x 0.052/0.473)]1/2 - [-7211/2]
= [12999630 + 239616]1/2 + [3605.5] = 7528 psi
Driller's Method:
Maximum Pressure at shoe during gas circulation:
1/2
Pshoe = [x12/4 + k/cpa] - X1/2
where
x1 = (D-d) W1 + Hgas - P1
D = Depth of well, feet
d = Casing shoe depth, feet
W1 = Original mud gradient, psi/ft
Hgas = Hyd. Pr. of gas, psi
P1 = Formation Pressure or BHP
Pshoe = Maximum pressure at shoe
Cdpa = Annular capacity against drillpipe, bbl/ft
Assume surface temp. = 60°F
Geothermal gradient = 1°F/100 ft
Calculations:
h = 20/0.0322 = 621 ft
Hgas = hW1 - (SICP - SIDP) =621x12.8x0.052-(700 - 500) = 213 psi
P1 = 8154 psi
x1 = (D-d)W1+Hgas-P1 = (11500-10160)x12.8x0.052+213-8154-7049
Pshoe = [(-7049)2/4 + 159741/0.0473]1/2 - [-7049/2]
= 3975 + 3525 = 7500 psi
(In this case value of maximum pressure at shoe is app. same as O.H.
volume is less than D/string volume)
Maximum pressure that shoe can support = 2200 + 12.2 x 0.052 x 10160
= 8645 psi
Since maximum anticipated pressure at shoe is less than 8645 psi so well
can be safely killed.