Manual Xj350 Peru

XJ350 修井机
使用说明书手册
XJ350 Workover Rig
Operation Manual
天津市东方先科石油机械有限公司
Tianjin DFXK Petroleum Machinery Co., Ltd.
II
公司简介
天津市东方先科石油机械有限公司位于天津市武清区福源经济区，地理位置优越，交通
便利，津围、杨北两大公路在公司生产区旁边交错，西去武清 15 公里，南到天津外环 17 公
里，京津高速在境内通过，附近有京哈铁路、天津机场，东到塘沽的天津新港，公路运输、
铁路运输、空运、海运都比较方便。
公司是一家以开发、生产、销售石油机械及配件、化工机械及配件、通用机械及配件、
石油工程技术开发、咨询、服务、石油地质勘探、石油勘探设备销售、石油钻采专用车制造
和销售、货物进出口的企业，主要产品有:
钩载 150-2250kN 石油修井机系列。
钻深 1000-4000 米的车装、橇装、拖装钻机系列。
额定负荷小于 2250kN 提升与旋转钻井设备系列。
石油钻采配件及井口工具。
公司本着“持续改进工作、追求卓越品质”的目标，以顾客满意为宗旨，以科技兴企业，
以质量求生存，不断提高服务水平为目标，
公司真诚地欢迎海内外各界人士前来考察，洽谈业务，交流合作，共创辉煌。
I
东方先科石油机械有限公司 XJ350
DFXK PETROLEUM MACHINERY CO.,LTD
Company Introduction
Tianjin DFXK Petroleum Machinery Co., Ltd. is located in Fuyuan Economic Zone, Wuqing
District, Tianjin City. The company possesses advantageous location and convenient transportation
such as road, railroad, airline, shipping etc. Jin Wei Road and Bei Yang Road are just beside the
company production area; 15 kilometers to the west is Wuqing District; 17 kilometers to the south is
Tianjin outer ring road; Jing Jin Tang Express Way goes through Wuqing District; Jing ha Railway
and Tianjin Airport and Tianjin New Harbor in Tanggu Area are all around company.
DFXK is a company that develops, produces and sells petroleum machine and fittings,
mechanical and industrial machine and fittings, general machines and fittings. The company also
sells oil exploring equipment, oil drilling and extracting special vehicle, provides oil project
technical development, enquiry, service and oil geology exploring, goods import and export. Main
products of the company are as follows:
Oil workover rig with hood load varies form 150KN to 2250KN.
Truck-mounted, skid-mounted and trailer-mounted rig with drilling depth varies from 1000m to
7000m.
Hoisting and rotary equipment with rated load under 4500KN
Fittings for oil drilling and extracting machine and wellhead tools
The company holds the objective of persistently improving work, continuously pursuing
super-excellent quality, and customer satisfaction as initiative. Use technology to establish a
prosperous company, use quality to keep company long-life, continuously improving serving level.
The company sincerely welcomes friends home and abroad to visit, negotiate and communicate
with us and to create a bright future together.
II
带格式的: 正文
前言
天津市东方先科石油机械有限公司向用户致意，欢迎您选用我公司的产品。
XJ350 修井机为自走式，适用于油、气、井的钻井及修井作业。为确保设备的安全运转
和操作人员的人身安全，敬请用户按本说明书所规定的各项操作规程、保养程序操作使用设
备。在作业前，操作人员应熟悉本机所有技术资料，使用说明及操作规程，严格遵循各种规
程操作顺序及注意事项，定期进行设备保养及维护，若发现车装修井机运转异常，请立即停
机检查，待故障排除后，方可继续使用。正确的操作程序，将充分发挥设备的性能，延长设
备的使用寿命。
若遇到本说明书未提及的情况时，请通知本公司售后服务部门，本公司将会及时给予技
术解答或派服务人员前往服务。
公司有权在任何时候更改型号或设计而不通知用户，也不对用户承担任何义务。
说明书的所有建议是对标准产品而言。对于用户的特殊要求，配置可能不同。
公司建议用户根据自己设备的配置阅读相关内容。
III
Preface
Thank you for choosing the product of Dong Fang Xian Ke Petroleum Machinery CO., LTD. XJ350
workover rig is the self-propelled rig, which is for oil and gas well drilling and serving. To ensure
safe and reliable operation of the product, please read the manual and its auxiliary documents
carefully and conform to the instruction. If there is any abnormity about the rig running, please stop
the rig immediately and check, the rig cannon be stated until you solve the problem.
If any problems that are not mentioned in this manual occur, please contact with our after service
department, we will provide you technical support or send stuff to your site.
The company reserve the right to change the model or design of the rig without notifying the
customer, we don not take any responsibility for that too.
Instruction in this manual is just for standard products, so please refer to respective operation
manual on the basis of your rig
IV
重要安全声明
产品的任何使用、管理、操作、维护保养者及维修人员必须熟知本说明书的相关内容，
并遵循其有关的使用、管理、操作、维护保养及维修的规范程序，并特别注意本说明书所提
示的安全警示、注意等内容，以及国家法律法规、行业规定及一般常识性的安全条规及注意
事项，以避免导致人身事故和设备的损坏。
本说明书可能无法详尽列出所有的安全警示信息，因此在选用任何一种方法进行操作时，
必须首先确认该方法既不会危害人身安全，也不会损坏设备。
正确的维护保养是产品安全可靠运行的重要因素，维护保养人员应按照本说明书介绍的
方法进行保养。
产品正确的维修、更换原厂的零部件是设备安全可靠运行的重要因素，使用者必须根据
厂方的授权范围进行维修和更换零部件。
本说明书使用以下标题、标志时，请认真阅读！
警告：用于如果不正确遵守操作步骤、方法等，可导致人身伤亡的情况；
注意：用于如果不正确遵守操作步骤、方法等，可能导致损伤
或破坏设备的情况；
注：用于注意或单独解释说明的情况。
V
Important Safety Declaration
Any person who use, manage, operate, maintain, and repair this product must be familiar with the
relevant content in this manual book, and also follow the related usage, management, operation,
maintenance and repairing standard procedure. Besides, pay special attention to the referred safety
warning, and notes etc, such kind of content in this book, the national laws and regulations, this business’s
stipulation, other common safety rules and notes in case of person accident and equipments damage.
May all the safety warnings can not be listed in this book. Therefore, please make sure any method
you use will not lead to personal injury and equipments damage before using.
The safe and reliable running of product depends on proper maintenance, so the maintenance person
should maintain the product according to the methods introduced in this book.
Please read carefully when the content is marked by the following titles and marks
Besides that, the safe and reliable running also depends on proper repairing and changing the
manufacturer’s spare parts. The user must repair or change the spare parts within the manufacturer’s
Warning: applied to the situation that personal injury or fatality may be caused by
authority scope.
the incorrect operation procedures and methods etc;
Notices: applied to the situation that damage or ruin of equipment may be caused
by loosen observation on the operation procedures and methods etc;
Notes: Applied to the situation where make some solely explanation or take notice.
VI
特别提醒
规范操作注意安全
 操作人员进入井场，应戴好安全帽，穿好劳动防护用品。
 加注发动机燃油或气路系统酒精时，严禁明火及吸烟。
 发动机启动后，不宜立刻重载运行，应空载或轻载运行一段时间，待到各部分温度正常，
润滑良好后，方可进行重载工作动作。
 主机就位后，将分动箱挂合手柄置于作业状态，在修井机作业时，严禁摘挂装置。
 作业时，发动机转速不低于 1200rpm 工作,以使液力变速箱有足够的润滑油量。
 严禁挂合倒档起下钻。
 主机装有多种电气元件。当主机需要电焊维修时，必须切断车辆电源，防止烧坏电气元
件。
 洗车时不要淋湿电气控制箱。
 井架竖立安装后，务必拉好各绷绳，确保井架安全。作业中，在任何情况下不得松卸绷
绳。
 井架在竖立状态下，严禁动作支腿液缸，以防止发生井架倾翻的严重事故。
 井架伸缩时，各扶正器工作必须正确。
 井架起升、下落及伸缩前，必须清理现场，清除液缸活塞、柱塞杆异物，理顺各绷绳。
 井架起升、下落及伸缩前，必须排放液压系统空气，井架在伸出过程中，大钩要置于井
架下部，扶正器要完全打开。
 井架起升、下落及伸缩时，井架上、井架前后不得有人。
 发动机重载运行后，要怠速运转五分钟后方可熄火。
 大钩负荷接近最大钩载时，要对井架进行安全检查
VII
产品说明书 JS 津石 R
Special Note
Normalized operation pay attention to safety
 The operator should wear the safety hat and protective articles before enter into the well field.
 Smoking and naked light is prohibited strictly when fill the engine fuel oil or alcohol into
pneumatic system.
 It is improper to run the engine in heavy load immediately after startup. It should operate in
no-load or light load for a period and can be run in heavy load after the temperature of all parts
is normal and lubrication is well.
 When the main rig is in position, set the power divider handle to the working position, when the
rig working, it is forbidden to engage or disengage the power divider.
 The speed of the engine should not be less than 1200r/min during the operation to provide
enough lubrication oil to the hydraulic transmission box.
 It is prohibited strictly that pull out the workover rig by engaging the reverse gear.
 When the main machine needs welding repairing, power of the vehicle must be cut off to
prevent burnout of the electric elements.
 The main machine is installed with several types of electric element. Does not wet the electric
control box and various wires (cables) plug when you wash the wagon.
 Each guyline must be pulled in position after the derrick is installed vertically to ensure the
safety of the derrick. Under no circumstance should the guyline be released during the
operation.
 It is strictly prohibited to act the hydraulic jack cylinder when the derrick is in vertical status to prevent the
heavy accident due to turnover of derrick.
 Each device must operate correctly during the extension and retraction of the derrick.
 It is necessary to clean up the fuel, remove the foreign material on the cylinder piston and
piston rod and make each guyline in order before the rising, lowering and extension of the
derrick.
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BF东方先科石油机械有限公司 XJ350
目录 Content
第一章 Part one 修井机概述 Overview of Workover Rig ....................................... ....3
1.1 修井机组成 Workover rig composition ...........................................................3
1.2 修井机主要参数 Technical Specification ........................................................5
1.3 修井机各轴转速表 Workover Shaft Tachometer............ 错误!未定义书签。
1.4 修井机传动路径 Driving Path ........................................................................ 9
第二章修井机部件技术简介 Workover rig parts technology ................................ 11
2.1 动力机组 Power Unit .................................................................................... 11
第三章使用说明及操作规程 The operating requirement and regulation .............. 28
3.1 移运前的准备 Operation before the drive. ................................................... 28
3.2 主机就位 In position of main machine..........................................................34
3.3 修井机相关系统的现场安装 Workover rig related system installation on site. 41
3.4 作业阶段 Operating phase............................................................................. 41
3.5 作业结束 Finish of Operation ........................................................................ 59
3.6 修井机的停放及封存 Parking and storage of the rig ................................... 62
第四章维护保养及储存 Maintenance and storage ................................................. 64
4.1 概述 Overview ................................................................................................64
4.2 周期性维护 Periodic maintenance ................................................................. 66
4.3 高寒期的操作与维护 Alpine period operation and maintenance ................ 69
4.4 TC102 天车的维修保养 TC102 Maintenance and repair ..............................70
4.5 井架的维修保养 Mast Maintenance and repair ............................................ 71
4.6 绞车的维修保养 DrawworksMaintenance and repair ................................... 76
4.7 游车大钩维护与保养 Traveling blockMaintenance and repair..................... 83
4.8 维护保养与故障排除 Maintenance and troubleshooting ..............................87
4.9、转盘箱的维护与保养 ZPX Maintenance and repair .................................. 89
4.10 FDX140D-00 分动箱的维护与保养 FDX140D Maintenance and repair ... 91
4.11、SL110 水龙头的维护和保养 SL110 Maintenance and repair .................. 92
4.12、气控系统的维修保养 Penumatic system Maintenance and repair ........... 92
4.13 修井机的润滑 Lubrication of workover rig ............................................. 95
4.14、修井机主机常见故障 Common failure of the rig..................................... 98
2
第一章修井机概述
Part One Overview of Workover Rig
1.1 修井机组成 Workover Rig composition
XJ350修井机为自走式修井机，主要由自走式底盘、车上作业机构、钻井附件等部分组成，
具备修井机的井场移运安装方便等特点，并具有满足钻井作业需要的高负荷、长时间连续作
业等特性。
The XJ350 workover rig is a self-propelled workover rig, which is mainly composed of a
self-propelled chassis, an on-board operating mechanism, a drilling attachment, etc. The well site
with a workover rig is easy to move and install, and has the characteristics of meeting the needs of
drilling operations. High load, long continuous operation and other features.
XJ350修井机自走式底盘为10×8驱动型式专用底盘，采用单座平头驾驶室、重负荷载重
桥及低端面轮胎。
The self-propelled chassis of the XJ350 workover rig is a 10×8 drive-type special chassis with
a single-seat flat-bottom cab, heavy-duty load bridge and low-end tires.
车上作业机构由发动机、液力传动箱、分动箱、角传动箱、转盘传动箱、绞车及绞车刹
车系统、刹车冷却装置、K型两节伸缩式井架，轻型工作台、4×3游动系统、死绳固定器、液
压小绞车及司钻控制的气路和液压系统、电路系统等组成。XJ350修井机配备单台康明斯柴油
机、一套阿里逊液力传动箱，可将动力分别传递给底盘的前后驱动桥、车上部分提升系统和
转盘旋转系统。在移运行驶时，司机在驾驶室操作驾驶，在修井作业时，司钻通过操作台上
的气、液控制阀件远距离操作控制作业机构。传动箱上的取力口通过驱动箱连接主油泵，可
作为车上部分和辅助部件液压动力，发动机还配有一套空压机和发电机，供主机的控制气源
和仪表显示电源。
Vehicle operating mechanism consists of engine, hydraulic transmission case, transfer case,
angle transmission case, rotate table transmission case, winch and winch braking system, brake
cooling device, K-type two-section telescopic derrick, light duty station, 4×3 traveling system, the
pneumatic system, dead rope fixer, hydraulic winch and driller control pneumatic and hydraulic
systems, circuit systems and other components. The workover rig is equipped with a single
3
东方先科石油机械有限公司
BF
XJ350
Cummins diesel engine and an Allison hydraulic transmission, which can transmit power to the
front and rear drive axles of the chassis, the on-board partial lift system and the turntable rotation
system. When driving on the move, the driver operates the driver's cab, when the workover, the
driller remotely controls the operating mechanism through the gas and liquid control valve parts on
the operating console, The power take-off port on the transmission case is connected to the main oil
pump through the drive box, which can be used as hydraulic power for the onboard parts and
auxiliary parts. The engine is also equipped with a set of air compressor and generator for the host's
control air supply and meter display power.
XJ350修井机的附件包括大钩、水龙头、转盘、底座钻台、液压大钳、指重表等，可根据
用户的需要进行选配。
The accessories of the XJ350 workover rig include hooks, swivel, rotate table, platform,
hydraulic tongs, and weight indicator, which can be selected according to the needs of users.
XJ350修井机的作业状态高度为31.7m, 最大静钩载1020kN。
The working height of the XJ350 workover rig is 31.7m, and the Max. hook load is 1020kN.
技术标准： Technical Standards
XJ350 修井机的设计、生产、制造参照以下技术标准：The technical standards used for
designing and manufacturing the XJ350 Workover rig are as follows
Technical standard
GB/T23505-2009 Oil drilling rig and workover rig
GB/T 30216 Mobile Drilling Rig
API Spec 8C Drilling and Production Hoist Equipment Specification (PSL1 and
PSL2)
API Spec 7K Drilling and Workover Equipment
API Spec 9A Wire Rope Specification
API Spec 4F Drilling and Workover Mast, Base Specification
API RP 500, Recommended Practice for Regional Classification of Electrical
Equipment for Petroleum Facilities
4
1.2 修井机主要参数 Technical Specification
1.2.1 修井机基本参数 The basic parameters of workover rig
<1>．海拔高度 Altitude≤2000 米；
<2>．环境温度 Ambient temperature－20℃～50℃
<3>．相对湿度 Comparative humidity 80-90%
<4>．型号 Model XJ350
<5>．名义修井深度 Nominal depth of workover：φ2-7/8″-3200 m
<6>．最大静载荷 Max. Hook load 1020kN （4×3）
公称钩载 Nominal Hook load 680kN
<7>．发动机功率 Power 274kW/2100rpm（368Hp/2100rpm）
<8>．井架高度 Mast height 31.7m（Y 形后支架 Y bracket）
<9>．游动系统 Traveling system：
有效绳数 Efficient lines 6
起升钢丝绳直径 Drilling line diameter φ26mm
大钩起升速度 Traveling block up speed 0.2～1.5m/s
<10>．转盘通径（选配时） φ343mm(13-1/2")
Rotary table open hole size (If selected)
<11>．水龙头中心管通径（选配时） φ76mm
Swivel central pipe bore size (If selected)
<12>．底座钻台工作高度（选配时） 3.7m
Substructure height (If selected)
<13>．传动方式: Transmission type 液力+机械 Hydraulic + Mechanical
<14>．移动外形尺寸(长 x 宽 x 高) 19.1m×3.1m×4.3m
Overall dimension (Length * Width * Height)
<15>．总重量 Weight 46000kg
1.2.2 主要部件性能参数 Main part specification
5
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XJ350
<1>．发动机 Engine
型号 Model Cummins ISLe375 40
型式 Tipo 六缸、四冲程、涡轮增压、高压共轨
Six-cylinder, four-stroke, turbo, high pressure common rail
气缸直径 Cylinder diameter φ114mm
活塞行程 Piston stroke 144.5mm
活塞排量 Piston displacement 8.9L
压缩比 Compression ratio 17.1±0.5:1
额定功率 Rated power 275kW/2100r/min
最大可用扭矩 Max. Torque 1550N.m/1100-1400r/min
冷起动方式 Cold start method 预热式 Preheating
旋转方向（从飞轮看）逆时针
Rotation direction (from the flywheel) Counterclockwise
<2>．液力变速箱 Transmission
型号 Model Allison 4700
最大净输入功率 Max. Input power 294kW（395hp）
最高输入转速 Max. Input speed 2500r/min
最大净输入扭矩 Max. input torque(clear) 1800N·m
各档传动比 Drive ratio of each shift gears: 1:1 1.43:1 1.91:1
3.51:1 7.63:1 4.8:1 (reverse)
<3>.分动箱 Transfer case
型号 Model FDX140D
最大输出扭矩: Max. Output torque 14kN.m
最高输入转速：Max. Input speed 2500r/min
<4>．绞车 Drawworks
型号 Model JC18/11C
快绳拉力 Fast line pull force 180kN
最高转速 Max speed 450r/min
6
产品说明书 JS 津石
R
离合器型号 Clutch Model 轴向推盘式 ATD224

<5>. 水刹车 Water Break
型号 Model SSC122
出口最高温度 Outlet max. Temperature 82.2℃
出口最大压力 Outlet max. Pressure 0.17MPa
最大转速 Max. Rotating speed 2200rpm
大钩匀速下降最大钩载 Max. Even down speed 700KN
<6>. 捞砂滚筒 Sand drum
拉力 Pull force 110kN
刹车毂直径×宽度Brake rim size φ970×210mm
钢丝绳直径 Wireline Dia 9/16〞(φ14.5mm)
容绳量 Wireline capacity 5/8〞-2400m(或 9/16〞-3000m)
离合器型号 Clutch type 轴向推盘式 ATD124
<7>．角箱 Angle gear box
型号 Model JCX90C
最高输出扭矩 Max. Output torque 9kN.m
<8>．转盘箱 Transfer box
型号 Model ZPX60-00
最大输入扭矩 Max. Output torque 6kN·m
离合器型号 Clutch type ATD118、ATD214 Each one
<9>．井架 Mast
桅杆式、前开口、双节套装、液压伸缩、液压起放
Two-section shell front tipping telescopic mast. Hydraulic lifting
型号 Model JJ102/31
最大载荷 Max. load 1020kN（224871lbs）
高度 Height 31.7m
二层台高度 Racking platform 17m，20m
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XJ350
抗风能力 Wind capacity 110km/h（满立根、无钩载 full setback, no
hook load）
<10>．天车 Crown block
型号 Model TC102
最大载荷 Max. Load 1020kN（224871lbs）
天车轮数 Pulley No. 4（4×3 绳系）
<11>．大钩 Traveling block
型号 Model YG90
最大载荷 Max. Load 900kN（198416lbs）
游车轮数 Pulley No. 3
<12>．液压绞车 Hydraulic winch
型号 Model YJ5
额定压力 Rated pressure 14MPa（2000psi）
提升能力 Hoisting capacity ≤50KN
<13>．液路系统 Hydraulic system
额定压力 Rated pressure 14MPa（2000psi）
排量 Displacement 208L/min
<14>．气路系统 Pneumatic system
额定压力 Rated pressure 0.85MPa（125psi）
<15>．运载车 Truck
驱动型式 Drive way 10×8
最大时速（限制）Max. Speed (limited). 45km/h
爬坡度 Climbing gradient 30%
接近角/离去角 Approach angle/departure angle 26°/18°
最小离地间隙 Min. ground clearance 311mm
转弯直径 Min. Turning radius 31m
轮胎：(用户选择配置单轮胎或双轮胎)
8
Tire (customer chooses to use single or double tire)

单轮胎双轮胎
Tire 1 tire is installed 2 tires are installed
轮胎型号： 18-22.5445/65R22.5（无内胎） 12.00R2012-20（有内胎）
Tire type 18-22.5 (no inner tube) 12-20 (with inner tube)
轮辋型号： 14-20 14-20 8.5-208.5V20
Hub type 14-20 8.5-20
注：表中部分未列的选购附件项目的参数请参见其单独说明书或模块。
Note: For the parameters of the optional accessory items not listed in the table,
please refer to the separate specification or module
1.3 修井机传动路径 Driving Path
① 利用单机组动力完成游动系统提升下放钻具作业 Single engine unit compound box is
adopted to enable traveling system to hoist or lay down the drilling tools.
.
传动轴传动轴链传动
发动机+传动箱分动箱角箱捞砂滚
筒轴
快绳钢丝绳系吊环吊卡
链传动天车游车钻杆
主滚筒
Engine +Transmission Transmission Shaft Transmission shafe

Compound Box Angle
Gear Box
Chain Drive Chain Drive Fast Line
Sand Drum Main Drum
Crown Block
Wireline System Elevator Link and Elevator
Traveling Block DP
②利用单机组动力完成旋转作业 Single engine or double engine unit compound box is 带格式的: 项目符号和编号
adopted to finish rotating work.
9
BF
XJ350
DFXK PETROLEUM MACHINERY
传动轴 CO.,LTD
传动轴传动轴
分动箱转盘箱
发动机+传动箱
.
方补心
转盘方钻杆
Engine+Transmission Transmission Shaft Transmission Shaft
Compound Transfer box Bottom Drive Divice
Transmission Shaft Kelley Bushing
Rotary Table Kelley
③ 利用单机组完成道路行驶工况 Single engine unit compound box is adopted to finish
road driving
后桥驱动
传动轴传动轴
发动机+传动箱分动箱前桥驱动
.
Transmission Shaft
Engine + Transmission Compound Transfer Box
Front Driving Axles

Transmission Shaft
Rear Driving Axles
利用单机组动力完成捞砂滚筒作业 Single engine unit compound box is adopted to finish

sand reel work.
④ 传动轴转动轴链条
发动机+传动箱分动箱角箱捞砂
. 滚筒
Transmission shaft Transmission shaft

Engine + Transmission Compound Transfer Box
Chain Drive
Angle Gear Box Sand Drum
10
第二章修井机部件技术简介
Workover rig parts technology
2.1 动力机组 Power Unit
XJ350 修井机的动力机组配置为一台发动机和一台传动箱。The power unit of the XJ350

workover rig is equipped with one engine and one transmission.
2.1.1 发动机 Engine
发动机为东风康明斯发动机有限公司 C 系列（直列六缸、水冷、涡轮、增压中冷、四冲
程、电喷）柴油机。发动机由机体、冷却系统、润滑系统、供油系统、进排气系统和电子控
制系统等组成。配置转速表、水温表、油压表、机油滤清器、燃油滤清器等。涡轮增压器、
空－空中冷器、空气滤清器。具有以下特点：
The engine is an inline six-cylinder, water-cooled, turbo, turbocharged intercooled,
four-stroke, EFI diesel engine. Engine consists of engine block, cooling system, lubrication system,
fuel supply system, intake and exhaust system and electronic control system, Configure tachometer,
water temperature gauge, oil pressure gauge, oil filter, fuel filter, etc. Turbocharger, air-air cooler,
air filter. Has the following characteristics:
 整机重量轻，体积小。The whole machine is light and small.
 功率范围广，燃油经济性好，全程式调速器对负荷变化响应速度快。Wide power range,
good fuel economy, full program governor response to load changes.
 具有低油压、高水温和超速保护装置. Low oil pressure, high water temperature and
overspeed protection
 具有自动诊断功能，并能储存故障代码，方便故障检测和排除。With automatic
diagnostics, and can store fault codes for fault detection and troubleshooting
 安装有转向助力泵，为运载车转向提供液压助力。A steering assist pump is installed to
provide hydraulic assistance for the steering of the vehicle.
 安装有空压机运载车气路系统，为钻修作业控制系统提供压缩空气。Installed air
compressor truck air system to provide compressed air for drilling work control systems.
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 安装有 24V 发电机及启动电机。24V generator and starter motor installed.
（详细参数及使用操作规程见康明斯发动机说明书）。Please refer to operation and

maintenance instruction for CUMMINS engine for detailed instructions.
2.1.2 传动箱 Transmission
Allison 4700 系列变速箱由液力变矩器和行星齿轮传动箱组成。修井作业时，司钻通过

司钻台（房）内的换档阀控制换档。作为与发动机相匹配的修井机主传动装置，有如下特点：
The Allison 4700 Series transmission consists of a torque converter and a planetary gearbox.
In the workover operation, the driller controls shifting through the shift valve in the driller's stand
(room). As the main gear of the workover rig matched with the engine, it has the following features:
 降低了冲击载荷。消除了来自动力机的扭震和工作机的动载荷的影响；Reduced
impact load. Eliminate the effects of the torsional vibration from the power machine and
the dynamic load of the working machine
 使整机传动平稳，加速、降速均匀，充分发挥装机功率，并使发动机经常在经济转
速下工作；Makes the whole machine to transmit steadily, accelerates and decelerates
evenly, makes full use of the installed power, and makes the engine work at economical
speed.
带下坡减速装置，修井机移运状态下长坡时辅助主刹车完成刹车。带格式的: 项目符号和编号
变矩器由液力元件、泵轮、涡轮和导轮组成。发动机驱动泵轮叶片泵动油液，油液驱动
涡轮转动，从涡轮流出的油液经导轮的作用，又改变流向，再进入泵轮而形成循环流动，从
而实现功率传递。The torque converter is composed of hydrodynamic components, impeller,
turbine and idler puller. Engine drives the impeller to drive hydraulic oil, and then the oil drives the
turbine to rotate, the direction of oil flow from the turbine is changed by the action of idler puller,
and the oil flows enter into the impeller again to make circulation so as to transmit power.
行星齿轮传动箱为齿轮间常啮合传动，由液压多片式摩擦离合器控制，能在负荷状态下
接合或脱开，实现动力换档。Planet gear transmission case adopts constant mesh transmission
which is controlled by a hydraulic multi-flakes friction clutch. It could be engaged or disengaged in
the load conditions and then achieve power shift.
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（详细参数及使用操作规程见 Allison 4700 系列变速箱使用说明书）More detail, please refer to
Operation and maintenance manual for ALLISON4700 hydraulic transmission.
2.1.3 绞车系统 Drawworks System
绞车主要是通过动力的传动来完成游动系统的起升作业和捞砂滚筒的辅助作业，与动
力机组一起安装于载车台面上，绞车系统主要由主滚筒总成、捞砂滚筒总成、主滚筒带式刹
车系统(主滚筒盘式刹车系统)、捞砂滚筒刹车、水刹车、天车防碰装置、刹车毂冷却水循环
系统，绞车机架及护罩总成、输入输出链条盒护罩等组成。
The drawworks mainly completes the lifting operation of the traveling system and the auxiliary
operations of the sand drum through the power transmission, and is installed on the loading
platform together with the power unit. Drawworks system mainly consists of main drum assembly,
sand drum assembly, main drum belt brake system, sand drum brake, water brake, crane
anti-collision device, brake hub cooling water circulation system, winch frame and shield assembly ,
input and output chain boxes and other components.
动力机组输出的功率经分动箱后通过传动轴传至角传动箱，再通过链条传至捞砂滚筒轴，
而后通过链条将功率传递给主滚筒。同时，在主滚筒的另一侧，安装有辅助刹车通过链条与
水刹车相连，这样就实现了功率的逐步传递。整个绞车系统设置有多种安全保护及辅助操作
装置，能够保证作业的安全可靠。
The output power of the power unit is transferred to the angle gear box through the
transmission shaft through the transfer case, and then passed through the chain to the shaft of the
sand-drilling drum, and the power is then transmitted to the main drum through the chain. At the
same time, on the other side of the main drum, it is connected to the water brake via a chain, so that
a gradual transfer of power is achieved. The whole drawworks system is provided with a variety of
safety protection and auxiliary operation devices, which can ensure the safety and reliability of the
operation.
2.1.3.1．主滚筒总成 Main drum assembly
JC18/11C 型绞车的主滚筒总成主要由滚筒轴、滚筒体、刹车毂、连接盘、轴向推盘离合
器、输入输出链轮等组成。滚筒轴采用优质合金钢整体锻造而成，两边由调心轴承支承，刹
车毂为合金钢整体铸压成型，滚筒体上设置有 Lebus 绳槽，可将快绳切入摩损减小到最小程
度，使大绳排绳整齐快捷。动力由两排链条输入，通过 ATD224H 轴向推盘离合器控制主滚
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筒旋转。
JC18/11C drawworks main drum assembly mainly consists of drum shaft, drum, brake rim,
connect disc, axial push disc clutch, input /output chain wheel, etc. Drum shaft is forged with high
quality alloy steel and use self-aligning bearing to bear it. Brake rim is casted with quality alloy
steel. The drum is supplied with Lebus grooving to provide proper wireline spooling and reduce
wireline wear. Power through two rows chain input, control the circle of the main drum through
ATD324H axial push disc brake. At the same time, power through double line chain output, drive
the rotary table transmission box to make rotary table work.
刹车毂的冷却采用循环水冷却方式。刹车毂上带有水套和水循环管线，通过滚筒轴两端
的导水龙头实现冷却水的循环，防止刹车毂温度过高产生外表面龟裂或与刹车块产生胶合。
其循环水与水刹车循环水共用一个水箱，但水道水循环的路径不同。 The cooling
type of brake rim can adopt circle water cooling or splashing water cooling. Water circle cooling
system: Brake rim with water jacket and pipelines, through the dual direction joint to achieve the
circulation of cooling water, protect the brake rim from over-temperature which may lead the
surface of the brake rim chapping or the brake belt become veneering. Brake rim circle water and
the auxiliary brake circle water have a public water tank, but they have their own water pipeline
separately.
2.1.3.2．捞砂滚筒 Sand drum
捞砂滚筒总成由滚筒轴、滚筒体、刹车毂、轴向推盘离合器、输入输出链轮等组成。滚
筒轴采用优质合金钢整体锻造而成，刹车毂为合金钢整体铸压成型。使用捞砂滚筒时，通过
轴向离合器使捞砂滚筒工作。Model JC18/11C drawworks sand drum assembly consists of drum
shaft, drum, and brake rim, axial push disc clutch, input /out put chain wheel. Drum shaft is
machined from high quality alloy steel; the brake rim is casted from alloy steel. The sand drum
should work through axial clutch.
2.1.3.3．刹车系统 Brake system
带刹刹车系统主要由刹车钢带、刹车块、刹车轴、调节装置、平衡装置、曲拐、拐臂等
部件组成。刹车力通过拐臂带动曲拐，传给刹带进行滚筒制动，调节装置用来调节刹带活端
与连臂、曲拐的相对角度，平衡装置保证两刹带的受力均匀。该刹车结构为自增力式，重物
操拉力可加强刹车作用，减轻刹车操纵力，提高刹车性能。捞砂滚筒刹车系统在刹把处设计
有棘轮棘爪机构，能使刹把停在任意合适的位置，需要时手动解除刹车 Brake system mainly
14
consists of brake steel belt, brake block, brake axial, adjusting device, balance device; crank, crank
arm, etc. Brake force drives the crank through crank arm, and brakes drum with brake belt.
Adjusting device is used to adjust the angle of brake belt moving part and connecting rod, crank.
Balance device is used to ensure the even force of the two brake belt. This brake system is self
energizing effort; the weight can strengthen the brake function, reduce the brake operation force,
and improve the brake performance. There is a localizer on the sand drum brake handle which could
stop the handle at any proper position, release brake manually when necessary.
2.1.3.4．天车防碰与紧急刹车装置 Crown block saver device and emergency brake device
天车防碰装置主要由防碰肘阀、继气器、梭阀、防碰控制阀等组成。
带式刹车绞车天车防碰和紧急制动原理是：当游车大钩上升到一定高度时，滚筒上快绳
排绳到位，防碰肘阀阀杆被碰斜，使该常闭阀打开，主气通过防碰肘阀进入常闭继气器，并
打开常闭继气器，使气包内主气分别进入气动辅助活塞缸及刹车气缸，气动辅助刹车与刹车
气缸同时起作用迅速动作，进而刹死滚筒。同时另一路控制常开继气器，切断进入司钻阀的
进气，从而使滚筒离合器放气，绞车停止转动，达到天车防碰的目的。紧急刹车装置是利用
气动辅助刹车的制动机构及主刹车气缸同时的作用，由司钻人为控制绞车刹车。司钻台上设
置有紧急刹车控制阀，无论何时，只要司钻认为有必要紧急制动，只需按下此阀，主滚筒便
可在最短时间内停止转动，从而达到紧急刹车的目的。
The crown block saver device mainly contains elbow valve, air relay, shuttle valve, crown
block saver control valve and so on. When hook block rises above the safety limit and the wireline
on the main drum is spooled to the position where the wireline can push the elbow valve slanting
and it’s normally close valve open. The air pass through the elbow valve to the normally closed air
relay open and can make it open and let the air of the main air chamber enters into pneumatic
auxiliary piston cylinder and brake air cylinder. The two cylinders actuate at the same time and
brake the drum completely. Mean while, the main air way of driller’s console is cut off by the
normally open air relay, drum clutch exhaust, drawworks stop rotation to achieve the purpose of
crown block saver. Emergency brake system utilizes brake unit of auxiliary brake and main brake
cylinder working at the same time, the driller manual realize emergency brake of the drawworks.
Whenever so long as driller thinks emergency brake is needed, he just presses down control valve to
stop the main drum within a short time to achieve the purpose of emergency brake.
另有一套电子式防上碰下砸装置，通过测量主滚筒轴的转数计算大钩的高度，可以实现
大钩最高位置和最低位置的防护。（根据客户要求配置）
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XJ350
Another set of electronic anti-up and down squat device is used to calculate the height of the
big hook by measuring the number of revolutions of the main drum shaft, which can achieve the
protection of the highest and lowest positions of the big hook. (according to customer
requirements).
2.1.3.5．水循环冷却系统 Water circulation cooling system
绞车的水循环冷却系统是由两套独立的水循环装置组成，共用一个水箱，刹车毂冷却装
置由电机、水泵、管线及水箱组成。另一条管路为水刹车提供水源。
The drawwork's water circulation cooling system is composed of two independent water
circulation devices, sharing one water tank. The brake hub cooling device consists of a motor, a
water pump, a pipeline and a water tank. The other line provides water for the water brakes.
（详细参数及使用操作规程见绞车说明书）。More detail, please refer to Operation and
maintenance manual for Drawworks.
2.1.4 分动箱 Transfer case
分动箱是将发动机的动力经传动箱输入，经过变换后分别输出到各动力输出端的动力分
配装置。箱体为钢板焊接结构，共有四个输出端，分别输出到车上角箱（驱动绞车的捞砂滚
筒或主滚筒）、转盘传动箱（驱动转盘）、车下后桥及前桥（行车动力）；分动装置箱可以实现
车上车下输出动力互锁（车上滚筒作业时，车下动力输出处
于脱开状态，反之相同），转盘输出和前桥输出为单独摘挂，仅在使用时挂合。
Transfer case is a steel welding box for transfering and distributing power, which the power of the
engines and then transfer and distribute it to the power output devices separately. It is gear drive
with two input ends and four output ends. Four output ends can drive chasis’ front axles, chasis’ rear
axles, drawworks, and rotary table separately. The transfer case can achieve power interlock, that is
when the rig drills,there is no outputted to axles to drive, the reverse is the same way.
分动箱的详细使用说明与注意事项等见《FDX140D 分动箱使用说明书》More detail, please
refer to Operation and maintenance manual for FDX140D.
2.1.5 角传动箱 Angle gear box
角传动箱主要由输入轴、输出轴、大小螺旋锥齿轮、箱体、轴承和其它附件构成。动力
由输入轴输入,经相互啮合的一对伞齿轮改变方向后，由输出轴输出。The angle gear box is the
16
gear joint operating device, which mainly consists of the input, output shaft, perpendicular
engagement spiral bevel gear, case, bearing and other accessories. Power is inputted through a pair
of meshing bevel gears by the input shaft.
角传动箱的详细使用说明与注意事项等见《JCX90C 角传动箱使用说明书》More detail, please

refer to Operation and maintenance manual for JCX90C.
2.1.6 转盘传动装置 Transmission rotate table
转盘传动箱包括五正五倒箱和上链条箱两部分，主要是将分动箱通过传动轴输入的动力
传递到上链条箱，最终输出到转盘上，具有气动控制离合、刹车、五正一倒防反转等功能。
The ZPX60 including five positive five boxes and chain box two parts. Is outputs the
transmission shaft’s power to rotary table by chain boxes. It can be used for pneumatic clutch
controlling, braking and anti-reversing.
转盘传动箱包括车上固定部分和连接部分，主要是将底盘大梁间的传动轴动力通过两个
链条箱输出到转盘上，具有气动控制离合、刹车、五正一倒防反转等功能。器脱开之后，将
钻杆的变形能缓慢释放，防止钻杆急速反向回转。
转盘传动箱的详细使用说明与注意事项等见《ZPX60 转盘传动箱使用说明书》More detail,
please refer to Operation and maintenance manual for ZPX60.
2.1.7 XDP50B/10×8 运载车 Carrier
名称 Name 50 吨运载车 Truck of 50T.
驱动型式 Drive way 10×8

底盘整备质量 Chassis weight 19.3t
最大总质量 Max. Total Weight 45t
各轴载荷（满载时）Each axis load (at full load)
一桥 One 10.5t/二桥 TWO 10.5t/ /三桥 THREE 12.5t /
四桥 FOUR 13t/五桥 FIVE 13t
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外形尺寸(长×宽×高)mm Dimensions (length × width × height)
行车状态 Driving 1507919079×2800×42124248
工作状态 Working 1507919079×4062×42124248
轴距 Wheelbase 1350+4685+1350+1350
轮距 Tire distance 1-2: 2295mm，3-5: 2154mm
最小离地间隙 Min. ground clearance 311mm
最小转弯直径 Min. Turning radius 31m
接近角/离去角 Approach angle/departure angle 26°/18°
最高车速 Max. Speed (limited) 45km/h(限速)
制动距离(时速 30km/h) Braking distance (speed 30km/h) ≤15m
最大爬坡距离(变矩器效率 70%) Max. Climbing gradient >30%
2.1.8 井架系统 Mast system
井架系统主要由井架下体、井架上体、天车、上下体承载装置、液压猫
头装置、各种绷绳、立管、梯子、二层工作台和大钩托架等组成。
井架为双节套装、前倾式、伸缩井架，井架伸缩靠一个伸缩液缸来完成。井架的立起和
放倒是由连接在运载车大梁和井架下体上的两个液缸来完成。井架与运载车后支架采用绞支
座连接，通过调整 Y 型支架和运载车车架之间的调节丝杠来调整井架的倾角，以便保证大钩
与井口的对中。在正常工作状态下，井架的倾角为 3.5°。在 Y 型支架上安装有角度指示仪。
The mast is two-section shell front tipping telescopic mast. The extension of the mast is
completed by two telescopic cylinders and cylinder righting device to ensure the reliability during
the extension of the mast. The raise and fall down of the mast is realized by two lifting oil cylinders
connected on the beam of carrier loader and lower part of the mast. The mast is connected to the
rear bracket of the carrier loader by the splice support. The tilt angle of the mast is adjusted by the
adjustment of the screw bar between the Y bracket and carriage to ensure the alignment of the hook
block to the well port. The tilt angle of the mast is 3.5°. The Y bracket is installed with the angle
indicator.
井架的详细使用说明与注意事项等见《JJ10231 井架使用说明书》 More detail, please refer to
Operation and maintenance manual for JJ10231.
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2.1.9 天车 Crown Block
天车结构由天车底座、定滑轮组、液压小绞车滑轮装置、滑轮轴及轴承等零部件所组成，
为多轴式结构
整个定滑轮组与天车底座用螺栓连接。
定滑轮组由四个滑轮组成，采用多轴结构，快绳轮与死绳轮各为一根轴，两个中间轮为
一根轴，滑轮设有防止大绳跳槽的挡绳器。滑轮的轴端设有黄油嘴，每月注入黄油润滑轴承。
天车平台设有护栏。天车平台底座为整体盒式结构。
The crown block consists of the components and parts such as the crown block base, pulley,
hydraulic winch pulley, pulley spindle and bearing etc. and has the multi-shaft structure.
The block is connected to the crown block base by the bolt;
The crown block fixed pulley consists of four pulleys and has the multi-shaft structure. The
fast rope wheel and dead rope wheel is a shaft respectively; three medium wheels is a shaft. The
side plate of the pulley is set with the rope baffle, which can prevent the groove-jump of the rope.
End of pulley shaft has grease hole to fill grease to lubricate bearings. The platform of the crown
block is set with the handrail. The crown block base is the integral structure.
天车的详细使用说明与注意事项等见《TC102 天车使用说明书》More detail, please refer to
Operation and maintenance manual for TC102.
2.1.10 传动系统 Transfer System
XJ350 修井机的动力系统是由发动机和传动箱组合的液力加机械传动。发动机为康明斯
ISLe375 与 Allison 4700 传动箱串联，经传动轴后又通过分动箱，经传动轴传至角传动箱，再
经链条传动至捞砂滚筒驱动绞车系统捞砂滚筒和主滚筒，从而实现修井机游动系统的起下作
业和捞砂滚筒的辅助作业；动力通过传动轴传至转盘箱，将动力传至转盘，实现修井机旋转
作业。
整个传动系统由液力传动、行星齿轮传动、传动轴、螺旋锥齿传动、套筒滚子链传动等
组成。
The power system of the XJ350 workover rig is a hydraulic and mechanical transmission
combined with an engine and transmission. The engine is in series with the Cummins ISLe375 and
the Allison 4700. After the transmission shaft passes through the transfer box, it is transmitted to the
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angle gear box through the transmission shaft, and then is transmitted to the sand drum and the main
drum through the chain. In this way, the work-over operation of the workover rig can be carried out
and the auxiliary operations of the sand drum can be realized. The power is transmitted to the rotary
table through the transmission shaft, and the power is transmitted to the rotary table to realize the
rotation of the workover rig.
The transmission system is composed of hydraulic transmission, planetary gear transmission,
transmission shaft, spiral bevel gear drive, and sleeve roller chain transmission.
2.1.11 液路系统 Hydraulic system
液压系统的主要部件包括主油泵、液压绞车、猫头液缸、液压支腿、起升液缸、伸缩液
缸和控制阀件组成。
The main parts of the hydraulic system include the main oil pump, hydraulic winch, tong
cylinder, hydraulic jack, hoisting cylinder, telescoping cylinder and control valve part.
技术参数：Technical parameter：
主油泵： Main oil pump：
型号 Model IP425
额定压力 Rated pressure 14MPa
液压绞车： Hydraulic winch
型号 Model YJ3B YJ5
额定压力 Rated pressure 14MPa
额定提升能力 Hoisting capacity ≤30KN 50KN
猫头液缸(崩扣缸) Hydraulic cathead：
型号 Model Y15160
最大拉力 Max. Capacity 150KN
有效行程 Stroke 1600mm
系统压力 System pressure 14MPa

液压支腿 Hydraulic jack：
型号 Model Y3030
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行程 Stroke 300mm
起升液缸 Mast hoisting cylinder：
型号 Model Y(3)45/345
行程 Stroke 3425mm
伸缩缸 Telescoping cylinder:

型号 Y12500
行程 12500mm
系统压力 14MPa
液压油箱 Hydraulic oil tank
液压油 Hydraulic oil：抗磨液压油 Anti-wear hydraulic oil
油箱容积 Capacity： 1100L
液压油箱为车上液压系统所用，侧面设有透明液面观测计，顶部设有空气滤清器。液压
油经吸油过滤器到油泵。吸油过滤器和回油过滤器为箱外自封式。当更换、清洗滤芯或维修
系统时，只需旋开过滤器端盖，此时自封阀会自动关闭，隔绝油箱油路，油箱内油液不会向
外流出。
The hydraulic oil tank is used on the hydraulic system of the vehicle. The transparent liquid
surface observation meter is arranged on the side and the air filter is arranged on the top. The
hydraulic oil passes through the suction filter to the oil pump. Suction filters and return filters are
self-sealing. When replacing, cleaning the filter element, or repairing the system, simply unscrew
the filter cover. At this time, the self-sealing valve will automatically close, blocking the oil path of
the fuel tank, and the oil in the fuel tank will not flow out.
油泵为高压齿轮泵，由安装在 ALLISON 传动箱上的带泵箱驱动。带泵箱为气控挂合，
进行作业时，通过司钻箱上的气控阀来挂合带泵箱以驱动齿轮泵。
The oil pump is a high-pressure gear pump driven by a pump box mounted on the ALLISON
gearbox. The pump box is air-controlled and engaged. When the work is performed, the pump box
is engaged by the air control valve on the drill box to drive the gear pump.
修井机到井位后，操纵液压控制箱内的四联阀，利用液压支腿可以调整修井机的高度和
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水平度。操纵液压控制箱内的两联阀，可以实现井架的起升和伸缩。
After the workover rig is in the well position, the four-way valve in the hydraulic control box
is operated and the height and level of the workover rig can be adjusted by using hydraulic legs.
Manipulating the two valves in the hydraulic control box allows lifting and telescoping of the mast.
司钻在司钻控制箱上操作气控比例手柄，利用压缩空气来控制四联阀的换向，可实现对
液压绞车、液压猫头的控制。
The driller operates an air-controlled proportional handle on the driller control box and uses
compressed air to control the reversal of the four-way valve, which can control the hydraulic winch
and the hydraulic cat head.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 2
0 1 2 3 45 6 7 8 9 0 1
2
2
2
3
2
4
液缸结构图
(图24)液缸结构图
1-支承环Ⅰ ；2-支承环Ⅱ；3-组合密封；4-耐磨带￠160X￠155X19.8；
5-耐磨带￠186X￠180X9.5；6-O型圈￠160X5.7；7-耐磨带￠106X￠100X19.8；
8-耐磨带￠246X￠240X9.5；9-支承环￠246X￠240X19.8；10-组合密封；11-O型圈￠280X5.7；
12-YX型密封圈；13-刮尘圈；14-支承环￠186X￠180X19.8；15-O型圈￠220X5.7；16-组合密封；
17-支承环￠186X￠180X9.5；18-YX型密封圈；19-刮尘圈；20-支承环￠106X￠100X19.8；
21-组合密封d100 ；22-YX型密封圈；23-支承环￠106X￠100X9.5 ；24-刮尘圈；
（详细参数及使用操作规程见主机液路使用说明书）More detail, please refer to Operation and

maintenance manual for Hydraulic system. .
2.1.12 气路系统 Pneumatic System.
修井机的气路控制系统主要包括:主滚筒离合控制回路,捞砂滚筒控制回路,防碰控制回路,
转盘控制回路,水刹车控制回路、气动卡瓦控制回路等。
The pneumatic control system of the workover rig mainly includes: the main drum control loop,
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the sand drum control loop, the anti-collision control loop, the rotate table control loop, the water
brake control loop, the pneumatic slip control loop, etc.
<1>．主滚筒控制回路 the main drum control loop
主滚筒离合由组合调压阀控制其挂合、脱开及发动机油门的大小。该阀具有三位四通阀
和双向调压阀的功能。阀手柄置于中位时，主滚筒推盘离合器脱离，发动机油门怠速；向上
方推动 10°，主滚筒推盘离合器挂合，继续向上方推动，可增大发动机油门开度，加大发动机
转速。手柄向下拉动，控制发动机油门，此时具有手动油门作用。
The valve controls the engagement and disengagement of the main drum and the open degree
of the engine throat. It has the three-position four-way valve and two-way pressure regulating
function. When the handle of the valve is in the neutral position, the main drum push disk clutch is
disengaged and the engine throat is in idle-speed; push for 10°upwardly, the main drum push disk
clutch is engaged; push it upwardly continuously , it can increase the open degree of the engine and
speed of the engine. Pull the handle downwardly to control the engine throat; it has manual throat
action at this time.
组合调压阀的进气由防碰复位阀的防碰位置经过常开气控阀来，这样只有在防碰阀打开
的情况下，才能进行主滚筒的操作，而且肘阀打开进行刹车制动的同时，关闭常开气控阀，
断掉组合调压阀的气源，使主滚筒离合器从快排阀快速排气，离合器脱开。
The intake air of the combined pressure regulator valve is passed through the normally open
air control valve 1 by the anti-collision position of the anti-collision reset valve, so that the main
drum can be operated only when the anti-collision valve is open. And when the elbow valve is
opened for brake braking, the normally open air control valve 1 is closed, the air source of the
combined pressure regulator valve is cut off, and the main drum clutch is rapidly exhausted from
the quick exhaust valve and the clutch is disengaged.
起下钻时，挂好档位，向上推动主滚筒组合阀手柄 10°，主滚筒结合，在有载荷下主滚筒
不旋转，液力变矩器此时如同一个主离合器离开工况；继续向上推动手柄，加大发动机转速，
主滚筒开始旋转，大钩上升。
When remove the rig, engage the gear, push the handle of main drum combination valve for 10°,
the main drum will be engaged; the main drum will not rotate when has the load, the hydraulic torque
converter is same as the disengagement condition of main clutch; push the handle upwardly
continuously to increase the speed of the engine; the main drum will start the rotation and hook block
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XJ350
is lifted.
当需要大钩停止运动时，左手松开主滚筒控制组合阀手柄，手柄自动回中位，主滚筒离
合器脱开，发动机回到怠速运转，右手拉紧刹把使大钩静止。
When need the hook block is in static status, release the handle of main cylinder control
combination valve by left hand; the handle will return to the neutral position automatically; the
main drum clutch is disengaged and the engine returns to the idle-speed operation; press down the
brake handle to stop the hook block.
大钩向下行靠自重下落，操纵刹把控制大钩下落速度。
The hook block falls down by its dead weight. The falling speed of the hook block is
controlled by the tension of the brake handle.
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警告：当气压低于 0.7Mpa(100PSI)时，不得挂合离合器。
Note: When the pressure is less than 0.7Mpa (100PSI), the clutch must not be
engaged.
<2>．捞砂滚筒控制回路 The sand drum control loop

捞砂滚筒由组合调压阀控制挂合、脱开及油门，手柄上推10°为离合器挂合，手柄继续上
推为逐渐加大油门。捞砂滚筒的刹把就在捞砂滚筒边上，通过摁压刹把可以实现捞砂滚筒的
减速和停车。棘轮、棘爪可以使刹把停在任何位置。
The sand drum is controlled by a combination pressure regulator valve to engage, disengage,
and throttle. The handle is pushed up by 10°to engage the clutch. The handle continues to be
pushed up to gradually increase the throttle. The brake lever of the sand drum is on the edge of the
sand drum, and the deceleration and parking of the sand drum can be achieved by pressing the brake
lever. Ratchets and pawls can stop the brake lever in any position.
<3>．天车防碰及紧急刹车控制回路 Anti-collision reset control and emergency brake
control loot for crown block
带式刹车时天车防碰复位控制阀为三位四通换向阀，修井机车正常工作时，将手柄向上
搬扳至挂合位置，当游车大钩提升到设定高度时，钢丝绳在滚筒上的缠绕圈数达到一定高度，
使肘阀的顶杆推开，使控制气通过梭阀，打开常闭气控阀，主气通过阀到刹车气缸进行刹车
制动。同时控制气到常开气控阀，使之关闭，断掉进入主滚筒控制阀气源。待故障排除后，
须将防碰肘阀推杆复位，将防碰复位阀手柄向下搬扳至释放位置，水刹车及气缸活塞复位，
刹车气缸恢复原状，解除刹车。此时，仍须将控制阀手柄搬扳回到防碰位置，以保证下次安
全使用。
The anti-collision reset control valve of the crown block is a three-position four-way change
valve. During the normal operation of the rig，move the handle upwardly to the anti-collision
position; when the hook block moves to the alarm setting position on the bottom of the crown
block， the anti-collision elbow valve on the drawworks will be opened by the steel cable and the
compressed air will enter into the brake cylinder to push the rotation of the brake shaft and brakes
the drum to stop. At this time, there has not any action when operate the driller control valve. After
the fault is debugged, it must reset the push rod of the anti-collision elbow valve. Move the handle
of the anti-collision reset valve downwardly to the reset position, it will reset the brake cylinder and
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release the brake. At this time, it must move the handle of the control. To ensure the safety of the
next use.
司钻还可操作紧急制动阀，在危险情况下，将该阀手柄向下搬扳至制动位置，实现主滚
筒的刹车制动。操作紧急制动阀制动的工作原理与防碰肘阀制动的工作原理相同。
The driller can also operate the emergency brake valve. In dangerous situations, the handle of
the valve is moved downwards to the braking position to achieve brake braking of the main drum.
The operating principle of operating the emergency brake valve is the same as that of the
anti-collision elbow valve brake.
警告：该系统是防护装备，不宜频繁操作，尽量防止大钩过量上升。
Note: The system is the safety guard, which is not suitable for the frequent
operation. It should prevent the over lifting of the hook block
<4>．转盘控制回路 the rotate table control loop,
转盘控制由一个定位组合调压阀来完成对转盘挂合、油门、脱开及反扭矩惯性刹车的控
制。阀手柄向上推 10 度，使转盘挂合, 手柄继续向上方推动，可增大发动机油门开度，加大
发动机转速。手柄向下拉动，转盘制动气缸阻止转盘由于钻杆变形能量的释放引起的转盘及
相应传动部件的急速反转，避免传动件的损坏。转盘的正倒档通过正倒箱上的机械手柄转换
实现。
Rotary table control valve is a compound pressure regulator. Push the valve handle forward to
clutch the lower transmission case, and then drive the rotary table; Push the handle to 10°, clutch is
disengaged, rotary table stops running. When feeding in, pull the handle backward, the brake
cylinder will stop rotary table and other transmission parts from reverse rotating caused by DP
deformation energy. Slowly reset the handle to neutral position manually to remove the brake to
release the torque.
<5>．气动卡瓦控制阀 Pneumatic Slips Control Valve
气动卡瓦控制阀为三位四通阀，在起下钻作业需卡持井下钻柱时，将阀的手柄往前推，
井口气动卡瓦即可将钻柱卡紧。当需解除气动卡瓦时，将手柄向后拉即可。
The pneumatic slips control valve is a three-way four-position valve, push the handle forwards,
the DP will be chucked, push the handle backwards, release the DP.
（详细参数及使用操作规程见主机气路使用说明书）More detail, please refer to Operation and
maintenance manual for Pneumatic system.
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2.1.14 游车大钩 Traveling block
游车大钩是游车与大钩组合体，相对于单件联接型式的游车和大钩的总长缩短 18%。它
主要由顶盖、滑轮、滑轮轴、左右侧板、双列圆锥滚子轴承、中心轴、弹簧、中间体、锁紧
装置、钩体、吊环锁臂、制动环、定位块、双列推力圆柱滚子轴承等组成。
The traveling block is a combination of a traveling car and a big hook, and the total length of
the traveling car and the big hook is reduced by 18% compared to the single coupling type. It
mainly consists of top cover, pulley, pulley shaft, left and right side plates, double row tapered roller
bearings, center shaft, spring, intermediate, locking device, hook body, lifting ring locking arm,
brake ring, positioning block, double row Thrust cylindrical roller bearings and other components.
游车大钩中的所有承载体均采用高强度的合金材料制造。关键的中间体和钩体部件经由
合金钢铸造成型后，进行 γ 射线无损探伤检查，同时还要进行静拉力负荷试验。
All the carriers in the traveling block are made of high-strength alloys. The key intermediates
and hook components are cast through alloy steel and subjected to γ ray non-destructive inspections,
while static tensile loading tests are also performed.
由于有强力的弹簧使钩体能自动复位和缓冲减震。旋转锁紧装置可使游车大钩在一定等
分位置上固定锁紧或自由旋转。大钩主钩挂上水龙头时，钩口闭合并锁紧，工作中不会自动
打开，游车大钩严格按照 API Spec 8C 规范设计、制造、试验。
Due to the powerful spring, the hook can automatically reset and cushion shock absorption.
The rotation locking device can make the travel hook fixedly locked or freely rotated in a certain
equal division position. When the main hook of the big hook is hung on the faucet, the hook mouth
is closed and locked, and it will not be automatically opened during work. The hook of the traveling
car is designed, manufactured and tested in strict accordance with API Spec 8C specifications.
（详细参数及使用操作规程见游车大钩使用说明书）。More detail, please refer to Operation

and maintenance manual for YG90.
2.1.13 照明系统 lighting system
照明系统用电为 220V（380）/50Hz 或 110（460）V/60Hz 采用一箱多控方式。电

控箱、分线盒、日光灯等均采用防爆系列元器件。The lighting system adopts a box of multiple
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XJ350
controls Control box, distribution case; light are all ex-proof components.
第三章使用说明及操作规程
PART 3 The operating requirement and regulation
本章简要介绍了 XJ350 修井机的使用要求及操作规程。为确保设备安全，运转及操作人

员的人身安全，敬请用户严格按照本章所规定的各项操作规程使用设备。在使用本设备前，
操作人员应熟悉本修井机的结构、性能及适用范围，掌握相关技术资料的要求。修井机必须
在各部件正常情况下工作，若发现运转异常，应立即停机检查，排除故障后，方可继续进行
工作。
This chapter mainly introduces the operating requirement and regulation of XJ350 workover
rig. To ensure the safety of the equipment and the operator, the user must abide by all operating
regulation specified in the chapter to use the equipment. Before the operation the equipment, the
operator should know the structure, performance and application scope of the drilling rig and master
the requirement of relative technical document. The drilling rig must operate when all parts are
normal. If found the abnormal operation, it must stop the machine for inspection and only after the
fault is eliminated should the machine can be operated continuously.
由于本修井机结构复杂，不一定能面面俱到，当遇及未提情况时，贵方可与我公司技术
服务部门联系，我公司将积极予以解答或处理。
The workover rig structure is complex and may not be exhaustive. When it is not mentioned,
you may contact our technical service department. Our company will actively answer or handle it.
下面，我们按修井机移运、作业前准备、作业阶段和作业结束等阶段，详细介绍修井机
的操作规程。
Now, We describe in detail the operation of the workover rig during Transfer of equipment,
preparation before work, work phase and end of work.
3.1 移运前的准备 Operation before the drive.
3.1.1 检查项目 Check item.
1．检查发动机冷却水箱的水是否充足 Check the water in the engine cooling water tank for
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enough；
2．检查发动机燃油油量是否充足 Check the fuel oil of engine for enough；
3．检查发动机机油是否在标定油面内 Check for whether the engine oil is within the
calibrated oil level；
4．检查传动箱内油面是否在标定油面内 Check for whether the oil level of the transmission
box is within the calibrated oil level；
5．检查分动箱内油面是否在标定油面内 Check for whether the oil level of the FDX is
within the calibrated oil level；
6．检查分动箱摘挂是否灵活 Check the engagement and disengagement of the joint operating
case for smooth；
7．检查转向液压油箱油量是否充足 Check the oil in the steering hydraulic oil tank for
enough；
8. 检查转向杆系有无松动 Check whether the steering rod is loose.
9．检查各滤清器的清洁程度 Check the clean degree of each filter；
10．检查各齿轮箱，集中润滑油箱内油质、油面 Check the oil quality and level of the oil in
each gearbox；
11．检查轮胎气压 Check the pressure of the tire；附表一不同负荷下的轮胎充气压力
Tire inflation pressure under different loads
气压 kPa 360
kg/cm2 830
(3.6
)
520
轮胎负荷
kg 034
Tire load
50
行驶速度
Km/h 50
Speed
注意：充气时，轮胎气压不得高过这个压力值。 Note: When inflated, the tire

pressure must not exceed this pressure value 29
BF
XJ350
12. 检查驾驶室各阀件是否处于中位。换档阀是否处于空档位 Check whether each valve

in the cab is in the neutral position and the shift valve is in free position;。
13．检查井架上体与下体锁紧装置是否挂合（在井架后部）Check whether the locking
device of the upper and lower mast is engaged (in the rear of mast);；
14．检查气悬挂气控换向阀是否打开 Check whether the air suspension pneumatic change
valve is opened（一处在位于液控箱 in hydraulic control box，另一处在司钻对侧燃油箱后）。
3.1.2 发动机的操作 Engine operation
1．当首次启动发动机或发动机长时间停用，启动发动机前先用手油泵将柴油泵入高压
腔内并充满，排尽泵腔内及燃油管内的空气。同时，要做好防止发动机飞车的准备。When use
the engine for the first time or not used for a long time, you should push hand oil pump to fill the
high pressure chamber with fuel before start. Try your best to discharge all the air in the pump
chamber and pipelines. At the same time, we must be prepared to prevent engine speeding.
2．打开点火锁，接通电源，扳动启动暂通手柄（如有气压可以按下启动暂通气控阀），
按下启动按钮，发动机便怠速运转，发动机
启动后，应先让其怠速空转 3~5 分钟，直到发动机水温、气压等参数值达正常值。 Open
the fire lock, connect electricity, pull the quick start handle, push the start button and the engine will
idle run. Let the engine idle run for 3-5 minutes after the startup until the water temperature and air
pressure are normal.
附表二
发动机水温指针处 70～93℃
发动机油压指针处 0.14～0.42MPa
发动机燃油压指针处 0.14MPa 以上
变矩器主油压指针处 1.2～1.4MPa
变矩器油温指针处 80～93℃，可达 135℃
气压指针处 0.45～0.9MPa
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Engine water Finger in green area or 70～93℃

temperature
Engine oil Finger in green area or 0.14～0.42MPa
pressure
Engine fuel Finger in green area or over 0.14MPa
pressure
Transmission oil Finger in green area or 1.2～1.4MPa
pressure
Transmission oil Finger in green area or 80～93℃，could be135℃
temperature
Air pressure Finger in green area or 0.45～0.9MPa
注意：空载运行时，注意发动机声响、排烟、发热等是否正常，当确定一切正常后，才能加
载工作。冬季气温较低时，怠速空转时间应更长，必须待水温上升，机油压力正常时，才能让
发动机加速运转，挂档加载。Note: When the engine runs without load, note sound,
exhaust, heat etc. if they are normal, load the engine. Temperature is low in winter, keep
the idle run longer to make water temperature, oil pressure normal before accelerate or
shift to load.
3．发动机熄火控制阀位于发动机一侧仪表盘或司钻房内，当需使发动机熄火时，先应使传
动箱处于空档，然后操作熄火阀，使发动机熄火。Engine extinguish control valve is on the engine
instrument panel or driller console. Set the transmission in free gear before extinguish the engine.
Then operate the extinguishing valve to turn off the engine.
注意：发动机在高速运转后不能立即停机，应让发动机卸荷后怠速运转 5 分
钟左右，再停机。Note: After the engine is running at a high speed, it cannot be stopped
immediately. The engine should be unloaded and idling for 5 minutes before shutting
down.
注意：发动机及传动箱的详细操作规程请参阅随机附带的发动机、传动箱说明
书。Note: Please refer to instructions for engine and transmission along with the
rig for engine and transmission operation specification.
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BF
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3.1.3 冬季使用 Use in winter
气温低于 -5℃ 时即入冬季运行，在入冬前的换季保养中应进行下列工作 When
temperature is below 5℃ means that the rig is in winter use. The following work should be done at
season-shift maintenance before the winter:
1．检查汽油预热器是否正常工作 Examine the working condition of the preheater:
2．2. 向气路系统酒精防凝器加注酒精（建议气温在 0℃下应用）Fill alcohol into the 带格式的: 项目符号和编号
anti-coagulant device in pneumatic system(suggested to apply this below 0℃）。

3．3. 检查暖风器的工作情况 Examine the working condition of the wind blower；
4．4. 换用冬季用发动机防冻液 Use antifreeze fluid for engine in winter；
5．5. 水循环系统采用防冻液 Use antifreeze fluid for water circulating system；
3.1.4 主机的移运 The rig movement
1．主机在正常道路行驶时，采用 10×4 驱动，挂合分动箱向后桥传动的手柄。

When the rig drive on a normal road, a 10×4 drive is used to engage the handle of the
transfer case to the rear axle.
警告：在公路行驶时，分动箱前后手柄不得同时挂合，只有在泥泞地区或沙
漠地区等地面附着系数小的情况下方可挂合前桥。Note: When driving on the road,
the front and rear handles of the transfer case must not be hung at the same time, and the
front axle can be hung only when the ground adhesion coefficient is small in a muddy
area or a desert area.
注意：整机在移运过程中，不得熄灭发动机滑行。
Note: In the process of moving the whole machine, the engine shall not be
extinguished.
2．在泥泞道路行驶时，可根据需要同时挂上前、后桥，挂上后桥后再挂上前桥。挂上
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前桥时，由于分动箱挂合花键模数较大，需较大角度盘动传动轴(一般情况下传动轴
转动 10—20°即可挂合)。
When driving on a muddy road, you can hang the front and rear axles together as needed, and
then hang the rear axle and hang the front axle. When the front axle is hung, due to the large
modulus of the transfer box coupling spline, a larger angle is required to drive the transmission
shaft(normal circumstances, the drive shaft can be closed by rotating 10-20°).
3．在公路上行驶时，载车轮胎气压保持正常压力。在沙漠地区行驶时，可根据需要将
轮胎气压保持在 3.6kg/cm2，以便使轮胎与地面间有更大的附着力，低气压只能低速
行驶。
Tire pressure could be normal pressure when drive on normal road. Tire pressure could be
kept at 3.6kg/cm2 according to actual need when drive in desert area to make the adhesion bigger,
but only for low speed drive.
4．在冻雪、泥泞或沙漠地区行驶时，如果车轮打滑可采用接合差速锁的方法通过。Differential
lock could be used to handle wheel slide when drive on ice and snow, mud or desert road.
5．当有高度限制的情况下，需将井架拆下运输，井架的吊装请按附图进行 Mast should be
removed and transported separately if there is height limit.
行驶故障的紧急处理 Emergent treatment for running trouble
发现故障后应立即停车，检查并判断故障部位、大小、原因、危害程度、修复方案及难
易程度，然后或继续行驶或就地处理，或行驶至就近场所修理或等待救援。Stop the main unit
immediately if the rig has some troubles, please resolve troubles, running with troubles is forbidden.
You can resolve troubles by yourself or drive the main unit to a nearly vehicle repair site for help.
a. 修井机因动力故障被牵引时，在条件允许时尽可能使发动机运转，以保持一定的转向
性能或制动性能。If the rig is pulled because some power trouble, please make you best to keep the
engine running, so that the rig can keep any steering function and brake function.
b. 因后桥（或中桥）内部故障时，需摘开分动箱后桥挂合装置，然后挂上前桥行驶。If the
rear axles (mid axles) have some internal troubles. It is necessary to open the rear axle coupling
device of the transfer case and then hung on the front axle.
c. 因前、后桥内部故障，修井机需牵引时要同时摘开分动箱前后桥挂合装置。If the front
axles and the rear axles have some internal troubles and the rig need to be pulled, please clutch off
clutch for the front axles and rear axles in the drop box
d. 因前、后桥差速器发生故障，修井机需要牵引时，需要拔出前、后桥半轴 Please pluck
33
BF
XJ350
out half shafts of the front axles and rear axles when the rig needs to be pulled because the
differential of the front axles and rear axles have some troubles。
3.2 主机就位 In position of main machine
3.2.1 整理井场 Cleaning up of well site
整理场地，井场面积不小于 2100m2，长度 70m，宽度 30m。井口至井场边缘的坡度为

0.5%～1.0%，井场排水良好。Clean up the field, the well field area should be no less than 2100m2,
with length of 40m, width of 30m. The slope from the well port to the edge of the well field is
0.5%～1.0%; The well field has sound drainage
井口周围 5m 以内的地方，地面承载能力不得小于 0.29MPa，达不到的地方应用砂石加

强并铺平； Within 5m(16.4ft) around the well port, the ground bearing capacity must not be less
than 0.29MPa(41psi) The place, which could not meet the requirement, should be reinforced and
leveled by the sandstone.
根据井场的实际情况，选好修井机的停放位置，首先根据井口位置把底座钻台放好，然
后连接好井架基础和船形底座。之后修井机即可从后面倒上船形底座，并使主机就位。
According to the actual conditions of the well site, the location of the workover rig is selected. First,
place the platform according to the wellhead position, then connect the mast base and boat base.
After the workover rig can be inverted from the back of the boat-shaped base, and the host in place.
按绷绳图要求打的四个地锚坑，锚坑深 1.8m，上长 1.3m，下宽 0.8m，下长 1.6m，每个
锚坑沿绷绳方向的承载能力不小于 98kN(10t.f)，或者按图示位置放置长 3m 宽 1.5m 高 0.5m
的钢筋预制块，在其 1/3 处予留一钢管，内径 50mm，栓上钢丝绳可做活动地锚，活动地锚的
最大好处是不用挖坑，可随修井机搬家。
Make 4 ground anchors pits according to the requirements of tension rope; the depth of the
anchor pit is 1.8m (5.9ft); upper length is 1.3m (4.3ft), lower width is 0.8m (2.6ft) and lower
length is 1.6m (5.2ft). The bearing capacity along tension rope of each anchor pit should be no
less than 98kN (21952 lb) or place the reinforcement precast block with length of 3m (9.84ft),
width of 1.5m (4.92ft) and height of 0.5m (1.64ft) in position according to the drawing; reverse a
steel pipe in the position of its 1/3, whose inner diameter is 50mm (2in). It can be used as the
moving ground anchor after tied with the steel rope. The most advantage of the moving ground
34
产品说明书 JS 津石R
anchor is that need not pit and can move with the drilling rig.
修井机就位后应做的工作 Works after the rig is positioned：
1. 将修井机停放于工作位置 Stop the rig in the working site。
2. 将分动箱手柄移至作业位置上（这时双锁阀随控制手柄运动，气源向车上供气，底盘
断气）Put the handle of transfer box to the operation position (the air source begins to supply
air to the parts on the carrier and cut off the air to the under carrier.).
3. 将变矩器闭锁控制阀放至作业位置。Place the torque converter locking control valve in
the operation position
4. 在气压达到 0.7MPa 以上时，使传动箱处于空档，挂合液压泵。When the air pressure is
higher than 0.7MPa (100psi), engage the hydraulic pump and make the transmission box in free
position
5. 操纵液压支腿控制阀将整机找平，并使各轮胎低于承受负载。锁紧液压支腿，待井架
起升后连接好转盘传动箱和链条箱间的传动轴。Manipulate the hydraulic jack control valve
to level the complete machine and ensure each tire bear the load less than rated load. Lock the
hydraulic jack and connect the drive shaft between the climbing chain boxes.
6. 调整井架底座 Y 型支架千斤，尽可能使连接转盘传动箱和链条箱的传动轴处于水平。
Adjust the mast base jack(Type Y) to ensure the drive shaft connected to the climbing chain
box is in level as most as possible.
7. 调节并锁紧车前与船形底座、车后与井架基础连接的调节丝杠（共十条，前面两条，
后面八条）。Adjust and lock the adjusting screw bar between the front vehicle and shipshape
base, rear vehicle and mast base (All of Ten. 2 at front, another 8 at back).
8. 放下踏板，安装好绞车离合器护罩处的踏板，连接踏板与船形底座间的支撑杆，安装
好上车梯子。Put down the pedal, install the pedal at the winch clutch cover, connect the
support rod between the pedal and the boat-shaped base, and install the upper ladder.
注意：找平主机时，轮胎与液压支腿必须同时承受负荷，否则将造成车架永久变
形。 Note: When level the main machine, the tire and hydraulic leg must bear the
load at the same time. Otherwise, it will cause the permanent deformation of the
carriage.
35
BF
XJ350
36
R
37
BF
XJ350
38
3.2.2 起升井架操作 Operation of lifting the mast
此项操作应在钻台钻台安装完毕（选配钻台时），司钻箱（房）处房内可以对液气路进行
控制后进行。This operation should be completed when the rig is installed (when the rig is selected).
Drilling cab (room) can be controlled after control the system of the hydraulic and pneumatic.
修井机的井架为前倾、前开口、倾斜、套装式井架，液压起放、液压伸缩。在井架起放
之前，应注意以下事项：The rig mast is the front tilt, front open and shell mast, which have
hydraulic lifting and extension. It must pay attention to the following items before the lifting of the
mast:
1. 检查井架上不得有异物，井架上紧固件不允许松动；同时检查游动系统大绳和液压
小绞车钢丝绳，应无挂连、卡阻等现象。There must be no foreign material on the mast
and the fastener on the mast must not be loose; Check the big rope of traveling system and
hydraulic winch steel rope, it should not have the block condition.
2. 将快绳及死绳从井架上的挂钩内移出 Remove the fast rope and dead rope form the
hook block on the mast.。
警告：此项操作必须进行，否则将引起严重后果。Note: The operation must be

processed; otherwise, it will cause the serious after-effect.
3. 井架起放和伸缩前，均须摘开井架照明电路防爆开关。 It must pull out the

anti-explosion plug of the illumination circuit on the mast racking platform before the
lifting and extension of the mast.
4. 井架起放前应对液、气路进行检测，确保无渗漏现象。操作方法为：挂合带泵箱，
对管路部分及部分液缸进行弊憋压，当压力表显示系统压力为 14Mpa 时，保压 5 分
钟，不允许有压降和渗漏。气路系统在各用气动元件充气情况下，当气压在
0.7~0.8Mpa 时，保压 5 分钟，压降不得大于 0.03MPa。It should detect the hydraulic and
pneumatic system before the lifting of the mast to ensure without the leakage. The
operating method is: engage the PTO, increase the pressure of the pipeline and partial
cylinders; keep the pressure for 5 minutes when the pressure meter indicate the system
pressure is 14Mpa(2000psi) , any pressure loss or leakage is unallowable. When all
pneumatic element is inflated and the pressure of the gas circuit system is within 0.7～
39
BF
XJ350
0.8Mpa(100～114psi), keep the pressure for 5 minutes, the pressure loss must not be
more than 0.03MPa(4psi).
5. 井架在起放和伸缩前，应对液压系统进行排气，只有在确认液缸中无气体时，才能
起放和伸缩井架。 It should discharge the air in hydraulic system before the lifting and
extension of the mast. The mast can be lifted or extended only ensure the hydraulic
cylinder has not air.
6. 井架起升到位时，在井架与 Y 型支架之间必须上紧锁死螺栓后，绷好下体井架的防
风绷绳，绷绳垂度不大于 100mm。It must screw on and lock the bolt between the mast
and Y bracket when the mast is lifted to the position. The sag of the guyline should be no
more than 100mm.
7. 井架上体伸出时，游车大钩应尽量接近钻机轻型工作台台面（钻台面）钻台面，井
架放倒时，游车大钩应平放在大钩托架上。井架上体伸出后，打紧两根负荷绷绳，
四根防风绷绳和二根二层台绷绳。When the upper mast is extended, the hook block
blocks should approach the rig drill floor platform as near as possible. When the mast is
fallen down, the hook block blocks should be placed the hook block bracket horizontally.
After the upper mast is extended, tension 4 anti-wind guylines and 2 racking board
guylines.
《具体操作见井架说明书》More detail, please refer to Operation and maintenance manual for
Mast,
3.2.3 油、水循环系统的安装 Oil, water circulation system installation
将油水罐橇置于修井机司钻侧、主机绞车旁边。，连接水循环管线，将出水管线连接到双
导龙头及辅助刹车水刹车相连的进水口。连接刹车油路管线、主机液压系统管线。Place the oil
water tank skid on the driller side of the workover rig and next to the main engine winch. Connect
the water circulation line and connect the outlet line to the inlet of the double guide faucet and the
water brake. Connect brake oil line, host hydraulic system line.
3.2.4 主机辅件的安装 Installations of the rig fittings
1. 安装增力器、逃生器及连接绷绳。Install clambing device, escaper and connecting
40
guylines.
2. 安装轻型工作台及相关部件； Install the light working platform.
3. 安装泥浆立管上的游壬、连接好水龙带。Install a raft on the mud riser and connect the
hose.
4. 安装平衡缸筒吊绳。Installation balancer sling
3.3 修井机相关系统的现场安装 Workover rig related system installation on site.
修井机布置图所示方案是我厂为有关用户提供的一种摆放方案，用户也可根据自己的操
作习惯另行安排摆放方案。The plan shown in the layout of the workover rig is a display plan
provided by our factory for the relevant users. Users can also arrange alternative plans according to
their own operating habits
3.4 作业阶段 Operating phase
3.4.1 绞车系统 Drawworks system
1．主滚筒的控制 Operation of main drum

主滚筒是用来缠绕卷扬游动系统的钢丝绳，驱动游车大钩运动。The main drum is used to
warp and wound the steel cable of the traveling system and drives the movement of the hook block
blocks.
主滚筒的旋转是通过操纵位于司钻箱上的离合器的控制气阀来实现的，它是一个组合调
压阀，不仅控制离合器的离合，而且控制发动机的油门，把组合调压阀的阀杆向上推，当手
柄转过 10°时，离合器开始挂合，滚筒旋转，手柄继续往前推，发动机油门随手柄旋转角度的
加大而加大，把手柄推到终端，发动机油门加到最大，可以根据需要，将手柄停在 10°至终端
的任何角度以控制发动机的转速。如果脱开离合器，只需松开手柄，手柄自动回中位，其过
程是先降低油门，后脱开离合器。
The rotation of the main drum is controlled by the clutch air valve on the driller console. It is
combined pressure regulating valve, which not only control the on-off of the clutch, bust also control
the throttle of the engine. Push the valve handle of the combined pressure-regulating valve upwardly.
When the handle rotates 10°, the clutch will start the engagement and the cylinder will rotate. Push
the handle forwardly continuously; the engine accelerograph will be increased with the increase of
41
BF
XJ350
DFXK angle
the rotation PETROLEUM MACHINERY
of the handle. Push theCO.,LTD
handle to the end; the engine accelerograph will be
increased to the maximum position. It can hold the handle in any angle from 10°to end according to
the requirement to control the speed of the engine. If want to disengage the clutch, only need to loose
the handle, the handle will return to the neutral position automatically. Its process is to reduce the
accelerograph firstly then disengage the clutch.
若将组合调压阀的手柄向下拉只能控制油门，而不能挂合离合器。这种操作只在进行上、
卸钻杆或其它作业时控制发动机油门才使用。
Pulling the handle of the combined pressure-regulating valve downwardly only can control the
oil throat but cannot engage the clutch. This operation is used only when connect or disconnect the
DP or perform other operation.
2．水刹车的操作 Operation of Water brake
水刹车安装在司钻侧，通过链条与主滚筒相连。它的控制离合器安装在主滚筒上，通过
操作位于司外箱上的二位三通换向阀来实现的水刹车的挂合与分离。
水刹车在刹车时产生的热量，通过流过合金板的水道内循环水被迅速带走。
Water brake is installed on the side of driller console. It is connected with main drum through
chain. Its control clutch is installed on the main drum. The engagement of the hydraulic brake is
done by two-position three way shift valve on the driller console.
H
注意：转盘运转过程中或离合器没有脱开的情况下，不得操作转盘刹车控制阀，否 eat
则将损坏离合器或制动装置 produ
ced by braking is taken away by circulating water in the alloy steel water channel.
3．转盘的控制 Control the rotate table
转盘的控制是通过控制转盘箱来实现的，转盘箱的作用是为转盘传输动力，同时作为转盘
的控制机构。它的操作是通过司钻箱上房内的转盘控制阀
注意：转盘运转过程中或离合器没有脱开的情况下，不得操作转盘刹车控制阀，
来进行的，转盘控制阀是一个组合调压阀，阀的手柄向前
否则将损坏离合器或制动装置。Note: Do not operate the dial brake control valve
推，转盘箱离合器挂合，带动转盘旋转，阀的手柄向后拉， while the dial is in operation or when the clutch is not disengaged, otherwise the clutch
离合器脱开，转盘刹车工作，转盘就停止旋转。 or brake will be damaged.
The control of the rotate table is achieved through the
control of the rotate table box. The role of the rotate table box is to transmit power to the turntable
and also serves as a control mechanism of the rotate table. Its operation is carried out through a dial
control valve in the room on the driller's box. The dial control valve is a combined pressure regulator
42
valve. The handle of the valve is pushed forward, the clutch of the rotary box is engaged and the
rotary disk is driven to rotate, and the handle of the valve is rotated. After pulling, the clutch is
disengaged, the dial brakes, and the dial stops rotating.
另外，转盘箱上还设置有手动正、倒档摘挂装置，以便于正反扣钻杆都能使用。
In addition, a manual positive and reverse lifting and catching device is also provided on the
dial box so that the forward and reverse drilling pipes can be used.
转盘箱后的上链条箱上设置有钻杆反向变形能量释放装置，它的操作也是通过司钻箱上
的转盘控制阀来进行的。在旋转钻进作业停止时，将转盘控制阀的手柄由上向下推，主气通
过转盘控制阀向惯性刹车供气，即可阻止转盘由于钻杆变形能量的释放引起的转盘及相应传
动部件的反转，避免传动件的损坏。让转盘控制阀手柄缓慢回中位，即可使钻杆的变形能缓
慢释放。
The reverse chain deformation energy release device is provided on the upper chain case
behind the rotary box, and its operation is also performed through a dial control valve on the driller
box. When the rotary drilling operation is stopped, the handle of the rotary table control valve is
pushed downwards, the main air is supplied to the inertia brake through the rotary table control
valve, and the rotate table and the corresponding transmission component caused by the release of
the deformation energy of the drill rod can be prevented. Reversal to avoid damage to the
transmission. Slowly returning the handle of the dial control valve to the neutral position allows the
deformation of the drill stem to be slowly released.
带格式的: 缩进: 首行缩进: 0 厘米
4
设置了格式: 字体: (默认) 楷体_GB2312, (中文) 楷体
警告：转盘箱在离合器挂合状态下不允许从正档换到倒档或从倒档换到正档 _GB2312, 字体颜色: 自动设置, (国际) Times New
．捞砂滚 Roman
使用，否则将损坏离合器或齿轮箱内零部件。 Note: When the clutch box is in the
筒及其设置了格式: 字体: (国际) Times New Roman
engaged state of the clutch, it is not allowed to change from the positive gear to the
刹车的
reverse gear or from the reverse gear to the positive gear. Otherwise, the components in
the clutch or the gear box may be damaged. 操作
Operati
on sand drum and break control
捞砂滚筒是由一个能控制离合器和油门的组合调压阀来操作控制，此调压阀位于司钻一
侧的绞车机架上，相应其刹车的操作也在同一位置。
The sand drum is controlled by a combination pressure control valve which controls cluthches
43
BF
XJ350
and throttle. The pressure control valve is mounted on the drawworks frame at the driller side, so
brake operation is done there.
捞砂滚筒刹车系统是用来制动对滚筒进行制动转动的，主要由刹把、钢带、刹车块、平
衡梁调节丝杠等组成。The sand drum brake system is used to brake the drum, mainly composed of
a brake lever, a steel belt, a brake block, a balance beam adjusting screw, and the like.
刹车系统在出厂前已调好，这时刹车系统的性能最佳，工作可靠。刹带使用一段时间后，
刹车块会磨损，当磨损到一定程度时，应及时进行调整。调整的方法是：将刹带刹紧后，把
绞车机架及护罩上的顶丝上紧；然后再把各顶丝松开三圈，刹车块与刹车毂之间间隙约为
5mm。
Before delivery, the brake system has been adjusted, and it has the best brake performance
and effect. The brake block becomes worn when the brake belt has been used for a period. Adjust it
in time as follows: Tighten the brake belt, and tighten all housing screws on the drawworks frame
and the shield. Rotate three circles in counterclockwise for each screw. The distance from the brake
block to the brake rim should be about 5mm (0.2in).
刹带调整完后，在刹带刹紧的状况下，刹带活端的情况见附图，C 点至 AB 连线的距离
应控制在 30mm 左右，超出 38mm，刹车性能不好，如小于 25mm，刹车系统不但不能进行
正常刹车，还可能出现事故。The movable end of the brake belt, after the brake belt be adjusted
and the brake belt is in tightened situation shall be seen in the Fig.. The distance from C to AB line
shall be controlled about 30mm (1.2in). If the distance is bigger than 38mm (1.5in), the brake will
fail. If the distance is smaller than 25mm (1in), the brake can’t work normally and even may cause
accidents.
44
刹车在刹带刹紧时死端的调整要求和正确位置，当不符合图示情况时，应及时进行调整。
If the dead end of the brake system doesn’t meet requirements of the Fig. some adjustment should
be done without relay
当刹把高度不合适时，可调节拉杆长度，因拉杆两端的丝扣是一正一反，因而只需松开
备帽，旋转拉杆，即可将刹把高度调到合适位置，这时上紧拉杆上备帽即可。
Adjust the length of the pulling level if height of the brake handle doesn’t meet the
requirement. One end screw of the pulling level is positive; another end is reverse. Only need to
loosen the spare cap, rotate the pulling level, and tighten the spare cap on the pulling level, so
suitable height of the brake handle has been adjusted.
注意：当刹车块磨损到固定螺栓头与刹车毂接触时，应全部更新刹车块。否则注
设置了格式: 字体: (默认) 楷体_GB2312, (中文) 楷体
_GB2312, 小四, (国际) Courier New
刹车块与刹车毂可能发生打滑并损坏刹车毂，造成设备损坏和人员伤亡.
意：当
Note: If the brake block has been worn too seriously and the anchor bolt head
刹车块
touches the brake rim, please change all the brake blocks, otherwise, the brake block
磨损到
and the brake rim will slide and the brake rim will be damaged, which will cause
personal casualty and equipment damage.
45
转盘运转过程中或离合器没有脱开的情况下，不得操作转盘刹车控制阀，否则
将损坏离合器或制动装置。
BF
XJ350
固定螺栓头与刹车毂接触时，应全部更新刹车块。否则刹车块与刹车毂可能发生打滑并损坏
刹车毂，造成设备损坏和人员伤亡。
刹车毂缘和刹车块的非正常磨损往往是由于刹带受到弯曲或扭曲造成的，而不是正常使用造
成的。为了及时更换刹车块而把刹带从绞车上拉出时，操作过猛，会损伤刹带，所以应小心
操作，以避免刹带变形，以免磨损加剧。刹车块的磨损不均会导致刹车性能不好，而且还会
在刹车时发生刹把反冲现象。因此，更换刹车块时一定要小心操作，控制刹带的变形，同时
应注意刹车毂轮缘的磨损量，磨损限度如图所示。
Bending and distortion of brake belt is often the causes of abnormal wear and tear of the
brake rim and the brake block, normal operation isn’t the causes. Operator should pull the brake belt
from the drawworks in order to change the brake block on time, and the operation must be softly
and carefully to prevent the brake belt from distortion. Uniform wear of the brake block is not only
one of the causes of bad brake effect, but also the causes of the brake handle back when brake. So
the operation must be done carefully when operator changes the brake block in order to prevent the
brake belt from distortion. Wear distance of the brake rim must be observed, Max. Wearing distance
c 刹车毂缘初始直径：φ1070mm
b 最大许可磨损量： 10 mm
d 最小许可磨损直径：φ970mm1050mm
磨损示意图
please see Fig
设置了格式: 字体: (默认) Times New Roman, (中文)

宋体, 检查拼写和语法
带格式的: 3, 行距: 单倍行距
3.4.2 液气路及电气系统 Hydraulic system, pneumatic system and electric system
3.4.2.1 液路系统 Hydraulic system,
本修井机本着集中控制的原则，将液压绞车、上卸扣液缸远程控制阀均安装在司钻箱上，
46
由司钻集中控制。控制阀安装在液控箱内，实现两点控制。由于起升液缸与伸缩液缸、液压
支腿在作业时不需动作，它的控制阀安装在车上的液控箱内，。两个操作位置采用互锁回路。
由于起升井架操作和伸缩液缸操作已经在前面做过描述，这里仅描述作业时液路系统的操作。
According to the principle of centralized control, both the hydraulically powered winch and
the remote control valve of the make and brake hydraulic cylinder are installed near the driller box
where the driller can operate easily. For the hoisting hydraulic cylinder, telescoping hydraulic
cylinder and hydraulic jack need not act during the operation; their control valve are installed in the
hydraulic control box of the carrier. The two operating position adopt the mutual-locking loop. As
the operation of the lifting mast and the telescoping hydraulic cylinder has been described
previously, only the operation of the hydraulic system during the work is described here as follows
a. 在司钻箱上有二位三通阀，挂合时油泵工作，脱开时油泵不工作。
When the hydraulic cylinder two-position three-way valve on the driller box is engaged,
the oil pump works, otherwise, the oil pump can’t work.
b. 液压绞车换向阀控制液压绞车滚筒旋转方向，此阀为“Y”阀，松开手柄可自动复位。
提起该阀手柄，液压绞车滚筒顺时针旋转，重物提升，压下该阀手柄，液压绞车滚
筒逆时针旋转，重物下放。
The hydraulic winch change valve controls the rotary direction of the hydraulic winch
drum. The neutral performance of the valve is “Y” and can be reset by releasing the handle.
Pulling the handle of the valve upwardly, the hydraulic winch drum rotates in clockwise to lift
the clog; pushing down the handle of the valve, the hydraulic drawworks drum rotates in
anticlockwise to lower the clog.
c. 上卸扣液缸控制阀控制上卸扣液压缸活塞杆的伸出和缩回，提起该阀手柄，活塞杆伸
出，松开手柄，手柄自动回中位，压下该阀手柄，活塞杆缩回。 Stretching and
retracting of the piston rod of the make and brake cylinder is controlled by a valve which
is unilateral steel ball set position. The piston rod will stretch out or retract back by
pushing or pulling the handle of the valve which will automatically move back to the
neutral position when released.
d．液压大钳的进油由液控箱内控制伸缩缸阀的另一个出油口来提供。
The oil of the hydraulic power tong is provided by a working oil port of the positioning valve
plate
液压系统中溢流阀和其它压力调节部位的压力在出厂前已调好，在使用中一般不要
47
BF
XJ350
再调节。滤清器应定期检查和清洗，以保证液路系统工作的可靠性。液压油的更换
应视液压油的污染程度而定，如水份限度重量比超过 0.05% ，污蚀度超过
7~10mg/100ml 就应该更换液压油。
The pressure of the overflow valve and other pressure adjustment parts in the
hydraulic system had been adjusted in the factory, so generally it is unnecessary to adjust
it during the operation. The filter should be check and wash periodically to ensure the
reliability of the operation of liquid circuit system. Changing the hydraulic oil should
depend on the degree of its pollution. It should be changed when the water weight ratio
is higher than 0.05% or the dirty degree is higher than 7～10mg/100ml.
3.4.2.2 气路系统 Pneumatic system
气路系统压缩空气由位于发动机一侧的空压机供气，出厂前已经调到限定压力，如用户
发现压力偏低也可调整，方法是：卸去端盖，反时针旋转里面的螺柱即调高压力，反之降低
压力。空压机内部有自动卸荷装置，一旦气包内压力达到额定值，此压力就通过调压阀反馈
到空压机内部，使压缩空气在两缸之间来回流通，空压机无负荷工作。
There is pressure regulator at the side of the air compressor; the pressure is set within limit
before delivery. If customer found that the pressure is low, you could adjust it by removing the end
cap, turning the nut inside anticlockwise to increase the pressure; do the reverse operation to
decrease the pressure. There is auto load-discharge device inside the compressor, once the air
reservoir pressure reached rated limit, pressure regulator will send pressure to the compressor and
the air will circulate between two cylinders to make the compressor work without load
气包的总容量为 350L，气包的安全阀调定压力为 1.1MPa（160Psi）。气包下部设有放水
阀，每天放水一次，冬天应放水两次。主气路上设有压缩空气处理三联件，安装顺序依次为
调压阀、空气滤清器、油雾器，在油雾器后还安装有防冻泵，出厂前，调压阀已经调到指定
工作气压，用户一般不需另行调整。
The total capacity of the air bag is 350L and the regulated pressure of its safety valve is
1.1MPa (160Psi). The lower of the air bag is set with the water drainage valve; drain once each
day and two times each day in winter. The main gas circuit is set with the compressed air
processing triple part, the installation sequence is the pressure-regulating valve, air filter and oil
48
fog device.Behind the oil fog device there is an anti-condensation device. The pressure of the
pressure-regulating valve has been adjusted to the specified operating value and generally, the user
need not adjust additionally
空气滤清器的工作压力为 1MPa，最高工作温度为 52℃。空气滤清器的底部有一排泄阀，
此阀为自动排泄或手动排泄。若是手动排泄则需定期排泄，维修滤清器时，应先关闭进气口，
使容器及管路中压力降为零，只能用温水清洗塑料容器，用温水或肥皂水冲洗其它零件。从
气流的相反方向对着滤芯吹气，除去表面杂质，用干净的干燥压缩空气吹干零件和壳体内部
通孔。
The air filter operates at 1 MPa and the maximum operating temperature is 52°C. At the
bottom of the air filter is a drain valve that is either drained automatically or manually drained. If
manual draining is required, regular draining is required. When the filter is repaired, the air inlet
should be closed first, so that the pressure in the container and the pipeline can be reduced to zero.
Only use warm water to clean the plastic container, and wash other parts with warm water or soapy
water. Blow the air from the opposite direction of the air flow to the filter element to remove
surface impurities. Dry the parts and the inner through holes of the housing with clean dry
compressed air
气路系统的净化采用 FESTO 气源净化处理装置，该装置由过滤减压阀、一个油雾器、
压力表等三联件组成，在工作时可实现不停气加油。
FESTO Air supply purifying treatment is used for the pneumatic system. The purifying
device consists of pressure relief filtering valve, atomized lubricator, pressure gauge, which can fill
oil without stopping the air
减压阀与过滤器组合成一个单独的装组，既可以保证气路系统工作压力稳定，又可以滤
除上游压缩空气中的污物、管垢、铁锈及冷凝水。系统过滤精度为 40μm。 Pressure-relief
valve and filter combines a single assembly, which not only can ensure the stability of the operating
system of gas circuit system, but also can filter the filth, dirty, rust and condensate in the upstream
compressed air. The filtration precision of the system is 40μm (0.0016in).
油雾器采用自动可变节流式结构型式，可均匀地向压缩空气喷油雾。调节器保证油雾量
与压缩空气流量成比例，压缩空气经过文丘里喷嘴时产生压降，迫使油液从油杯进入视油器，
随压缩空气进入输出口，同时被雾化。可通过调节螺钉调节滴油量，通常气 1000L 空气含有
1-12 滴就足够了。
The oil fog device adopts the automatic variable throttling structure, which can spray the oil
49
BF
XJ350
fog into the compressed air evenly. The regulator can ensure the oil fog amount is in proportion to
the flow of the compressed air. It will cause the pressure loss when the compressed air pass the
Veturi nozzle and force the oil enters into the oil viewer form the oil cup, then enters into the input
port with the compressed air and is fogged at the same time. The oil dip amount can be adjusted
through the adjusting screw. Generally, it is enough that 1000L (264 US gal) gas contains 1-12
drops.
三联件推荐用油 Triple part recommended oil
油液型号 Model 粘度 Viscosity
Festo 专用油 Festo special Oil 32 mm2/s
Aral Vitam GF 32 (=cSt) 温度为 40℃
BP Energol HLP 32 ISO 等级 VG 32
Esso Nuto H 32 符合 ISO3448 标准
Mobil DTE 24
Shell Hydrol DO 32
防冻泵旨在便于冬天修井机气路系统能正常工作，气流从酒精防凝器经过，将蒸发了的
酒精带走，防止管路及气动元件结冰。The anti-condensation device is used to ensure the gas
circuit system of the rig can operate normally during the winter. The airflow passes through the
alcohol anti-condensation device to take the vapored alcohol out to prevent the freezing of the
pipeline
and
pneumat
ic
compon
ents.
各气动控制阀集中在司钻房内，各自功能如下 All
注意：在加入酒精前，应关闭防冻泵之前的球阀，断开防冻泵气路，待防冻
the pneumatic valves are installed on the driller box, and
the function of their are as following：泵内确无气压时方可打开注入口加注酒精。It should close the ball valve ahead of the
a. 主滚筒控制组合调压阀 Main drum control anti-condensation device and cut off the gas circuit of the anti-condensation device
combination pressure adjusting valve before adding the alcohol. The alcohol can be added after opened the filling opening
only ensures the anti-condensation device is without pressure
50
主滚筒离合由组合调压阀控制其挂合、脱开及发动机油门的大小。该阀具有三位四通阀
和双向调压阀的功能。阀手柄置于中位时，主滚筒推盘离合器脱离，发动机油门怠速；向上
方推动 10°，主滚筒推盘离合器挂合，继续向上方推动，可增大发动机油门开度，加大发动机
转速。手柄向下拉动，控制发动机油门，此时具有手油门作用。
The valve controls the engagement and disengagement of the main drum and the open degree
of the engine throat. It has the three-position four-way valve and two-way pressure regulating
function. When the handle of the valve is in the neutral position, the main drum push disk clutch is
disengaged and the engine throat is in idle-speed; push for 10°upwardly, the main drum push disk
clutch is engaged; push it upwardly continuously , it can increase the open degree of the engine and
speed of the engine. Pull the handle downwardly to control the engine throat; it has manual throat
action at this time.
组合调压阀的进气由防碰复位阀的防碰位置经过常开气控阀 1 来，这样只有在防碰阀打
开的情况下，才能进行主滚筒的操作，而且肘阀打开进行刹车制动的同时，关闭常开气控阀
1，断掉组合调压阀的气源，使主滚筒离合器从快排阀快速排气，离合器脱开。
The intake air of the combined pressure regulator valve is passed through the normally open
air control valve 1 by the anti-collision position of the anti-collision reset valve, so that the main
drum can be operated only when the anti-collision valve is open. And when the elbow valve is
opened for brake braking, the normally open air control valve 1 is closed, the air source of the
combined pressure regulator valve is cut off, and the main drum clutch is rapidly exhausted from
the quick exhaust valve and the clutch is disengaged.
起下钻时，挂好档位，向上推动主滚筒组合阀手柄 10°，主滚筒结合，在有载荷下主滚筒
不旋转，液力变矩器此时如同一个主离合器离开工况；继续向上推动手柄，加大发动机转速，
主滚筒开始旋转，大钩上升。
When remove the rig, engage the gear, push the handle of main drum combination valve for 10°,
the main drum will be engaged; the main drum will not rotate when has the load, the hydraulic torque
converter is same as the disengagement condition of main clutch; push the handle upwardly
continuously to increase the speed of the engine; the main drum will start the rotation and hook block
is lifted.
当需要大钩停止运动时，左手松开主滚筒控制组合阀手柄，手柄自动回中位，主滚筒离
合器脱开，发动机回到怠速运转，右手拉紧刹把使大钩静止。
When need the hook block is in static status, release the handle of main cylinder control
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combination valve by left hand; the handle will return to the neutral position automatically; the
main drum clutch is disengaged and the engine returns to the idle-speed operation; the right hang
press down the brake handle to stop the hook block.
警告：当气压低于 0.7Mpa（100PSI）时，不得挂合离合器。
Note: When the pressure is less than 0.7Mpa (100PSI), the clutch must not be
engaged.
b. 传动箱换档阀
液力传动箱换档阀控制传动箱上电动换挡模块实现换挡，其中六个前进档，一个空档，
一个倒档。在起下钻时严禁使用倒档，以防损坏传动箱。Hydraulic transmission shift valve
controls the eight-position cylinder which has six forward shifts, one neutral shift and one reverse
shift. On shifting when feeding in or up to prevent transmission damage.
注意：换档应在无载荷情况下进行。严禁在各档位超载起钻，应及时根据立柱重量选择
适当档位。作业时，发动机转速不得低于 1200r/min，保证传动箱内存足够润滑油量。
Shifting should be done without load. No overload feeding at any shift, shift should be changed
according to actual weight of the DP。Engine speed should be over 1200r/min to ensure enough
lubrication in transmission.
本机采用液力机械传动，变矩器零工况输出力矩大于发动机力矩，使修井机具有优良的
起动特性。由于发动机与传动箱采用非刚性连接，可减轻相互冲击，改善传动特性。同时发
动机已不具备反向制动作用，因此严禁下钻时挂倒档操作，防止损坏变矩器、发动机。The rig
uses hydraulic and mechanical transmission. Transmission output torque without load is bigger
than that of engine; this enables the rig a better startup. The engine and transmission adopts
nonrigid connection so as to alleviate impact and improve transfer characteristic. Engine can not be
braked reversely, so do not shift to reverse when feeding, or else transmission or engine maybe
damaged.
警告：如果在下钻时挂合传动箱倒档，将导致发动机、传动箱损坏。
Note: Engine and transmission will be damaged if shift the transmission to reverse
when feeding in.
c. 天车防碰复位控制阀及紧急刹车控制阀 Anti-collision reset control and emergency brake
52
control valve for crown block

天车防碰复位控制阀为三位四通换向阀，修井机正常工作时，将手柄向上搬至防碰位置，
当大钩上行到天车底部某一警戒调定位置时，位于绞车上面的防碰肘阀被钢丝绳打开，压缩
空气同时进入主滚筒气动辅助刹车气缸及刹车气缸，将滚筒刹死，这时压缩空气将常开继气
器关闭，断掉了进入滚筒控制阀的压缩空气，同时使滚筒离合器内的压缩空气从快排阀快速
排气，离合器脱开，滚筒离合器脱开的同时，油门气缸断气，发动机回到怠速运转。
The anti-collision reset control valve of the crown block is a three-position four-way change
valve. During the normal operation of the rig，move the handle upwardly to the anti-collision
position; when the hook block moves to the alarm setting position on the bottom of the crown
block， the anti-collision elbow valve on the drawworks will be opened by the steel cable and the
compressed air will enter into the brake cylinder to push the rotation of the brake shaft and brakes
the drum to stop. At the same time, the compressed air closes the normal open air relay to cut off the
air supply of the drum control valve. The drum clutch exhausts the air form the fast discharge valve
and disengages the clutch. At the same time, the drum clutch is disengaged, the engine returns to the
idle speed.
此时，操作司钻控制阀，将无任何反应。待故障排除后，须将防碰肘阀推杆复位，将防
碰复位阀手柄向下搬向复位位置，气动辅助刹车气缸活塞复位，主滚筒刹车气缸恢复原状，
解除刹车。此时，仍须将控制阀手柄搬回到防碰位置，以保证下次使用安全。
At this time, there has not any action when operate the driller control valve. After the fault is
debugged, it must reset the push rod of the anti-collision elbow valve. Move the handle of the
anti-collision reset valve downwardly to the reset position, it will reset the brake cylinder and
release the brake. At this time, it must move the handle of the control. To ensure the safety of the
next use.
警告：该系统是防护装置，不宜频繁操作，应尽量防止大钩过量上升。
司钻还可操作紧急制动阀，在危险情况下，将该阀手柄向下搬至制动位置，实现主滚筒
的刹车制动。操作紧急制动阀制动的工作原理与防碰肘阀制动的工作原理相同。 The driller
can also operate the emergency brake valve. In dangerous situations, the handle of the valve is
moved downwards to the braking position to achieve brake braking of the main drum. The
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operating principle of operating the emergency brake valve is the same as that of the anti-collision
elbow valve brake.
注意：该系统是防护装置，不宜频繁操作，应尽量防止大钩过量上升。
54
紧急刹车控制阀为二位三通导气阀，一般情况下，紧急刹车控制阀处于常闭状态，当刹车操
纵装置失控，出现危险情况下，向下扳紧急刹车控制阀手柄，压缩空气直接输送到刹车气缸
内，迅速将滚筒刹死，其气路系统工作与原理天车防碰系统工作相同。待故障排除后，将手
柄回到原位，刹车气缸放气，解除刹车，推动防碰复位控制阀手柄到复位位置，此时，仍需
将手柄扳回到防碰位置，以保证下次使用安全。
The emergency brake control valve is a two-position three-way air guide valve. Generally, the
emergency brake control valve is in normal close status. When the brake manipulation device is out
of control and occurs dangerous condition, pull the handle of the emergency brake control valve
upwardly, the compressed air will be fed into the pneumatic auxiliary brake piston cylinder and
brake cylinder directly to break the cylinder to stop. The operation and principle of its gas circuit
system is same as that of the crown block anti-collision system. After the failure is debugged, move
the handle to the original position, and both the brake cylinder and the auxiliary brake air sac will
exhaust to release the brake
警告：每当天车防碰系统起作用后，操纵防碰复位控制阀使刹车气缸复
位，气缸复位后，一定要将防碰复位控制阀手柄搬回防碰位置，否则，游车
提升超过警戒高度时天车防碰装置将不起作用，造成“顶天”事故。Note: After
each action of crown block anti-collision system, it should operate the anti-collision reset
control valve to reset the brake cylinder. After the reset of the cylinder, it must pull the handle
of the anti-collision reset control valve to the anti-collision position. Otherwise, the
anti-collision device of the crown block will not take the effect when lift the blocks beyond the
alarm height and will cause the “Collision” accident
d. 油门控制阀 Throat control valve

油门气控阀为调压阀，其关闭到最小压力为 0.07MPa(10psi) ，开到最大时压力为
0.4MPa(60psi)，油门气控阀主要用于控制发动机转速，以便控制大钩和液路系统执行元件的速
度。
The throat pneumatic valve is the pressure-regulating valve , which is mainly used to control the
speed of the engine to control the speed of the hook block and action element of hydraulic circuit
system. The maximum and minimum pressure of the valve are 0.07MPa (10psi) and 0.4MPa (60psi)
respectively.
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e. 发动机熄火气阀 Engine extinguishment pneumatic valve
司钻控制箱上设有两台发动机熄火气控阀，需要熄火时，必须先将传动箱置“空档”位，
然后将“熄火阀”手柄置“熄火”位。熄火阀发出气动信号切断发动机供油信号，发动机熄火。
The driller console is set with engine extinguishments pneumatic valve. It must place the
transmission box in the “neutral” position when needs the extinguishment, then place the
handle of “extinguishment valve” in the “extinguishment” position. When the extinguishments
valve sends the pneumatic signal to the extinguishments air cylinder to pull the pull-rod to the
extinguishments position, then the engine will be extinguished. It needs place the handle of the
extinguishments pneumatic valve in the “neutral” position when needs the engine starting.
f. 捞砂滚筒控制组合调压阀 Sand drum combination pressure regulating valve
捞砂滚筒由组合调压阀控制挂合、脱开及油门，手柄上推 10°为离合器挂合，手柄继续
上推为逐渐加大油门。
Push up the handle through about 10°, the thrust plate clutch of the sand drum is clutched on.
Push the handle continually can control throttle of the engine, and the engine can run with a bigger
speed.
g. 水刹车控制阀 Water brake control valve
水刹车控制阀是一手轮调压阀，可以通过控制手轮的开度来调节辅助刹车水刹车内部水
位的高低气囊的压力，从而控制水刹车的制动力，达到匀速下放钻具的目的。
The water brake control valve is a hand-operated pressure regulating valve. The level of the
water level inside the water brake can be adjusted by controlling the opening of the hand wheel to
control the braking force of the water brake and achieve the purpose of lowering the drilling tool at
a uniform speed.
h. 转盘控制阀 Rotary table control valve
转盘控制由一个定位组合调压阀来完成对转盘挂合、油门、脱开及反扭矩惯性刹车的控
制。阀手柄向上推 10 度，使转盘挂合, 手柄继续向上方推动，可增大发动机油门开度，加大
发动机转速。手柄向下拉动，转盘制动气缸阻止转盘由于钻杆变形能量的释放引起的转盘及
相应传动部件的急速反转，避免传动件的损坏。如需解除制动，让组合调压阀手柄缓慢回中
位，使转盘缓慢旋转，将转盘反扭矩缓慢释放。
Rotary table control valve consists of a positioning combination pressure regulator to
56
complete the control of the turntable engagement, throttle, disengagement and anti-torque inertia
brake. The valve handle is pushed upwards by 10 °so that the dial is engaged and the handle
continues to push upwards, which can increase the engine throttle opening and increase the engine
speed. When the handle is pulled down, the dial brake cylinder prevents the dial from being rapidly
reversed due to the release of deformation energy of the drill rod and the corresponding
transmission components, thereby avoiding the damage of the transmission member. If you need to
release the brake, let the handle of the combination pressure regulator slowly return to the neutral
position, so that the turntable rotates slowly and the reverse torque of the turntable is slowly
released.
i. 液压系统油泵摘挂控制阀 Oil pump engaging control valve
液压系统油泵摘挂控制阀是一个二位三通阀，将二位三通阀手柄向上扳，油泵挂合工作，
向下扳油泵脱开停止工作。
Hydraulic main oil pump is controlled by a two-position three-way valve. Push the handle up
to engage the pump and pull the handle down to disengage the pump.
j.气动卡瓦控制阀 Pneumatic Slips Control Valve
气动卡瓦控制阀为三位四通阀，在起下钻作业需卡持井下钻柱时，将阀的手柄往前推，
井口气动卡瓦即可将钻柱卡紧。当需解除气动卡瓦时，将手柄向后拉即可。
The pneumatic slips control valve is a three-way four-position valve, push the handle
forwards, the DP will be chucked, push the handle backwards, release the DP.
3.4.3 备用钢丝绳 Spare wire line
钢丝绳使用寿命判断方法 Wire line service life judgment method：

主大绳钢丝绳使用寿命有下列三种判断方法：The life of the main drilling line has the following
three judgment methods.
1．当扭矩断丝数量为 3 时或 3 个扭矩内断丝数为 5 时，应部分切除，其中扭矩为一股对中
心线拧一圈的距离。
When the number of torque breaks is 3 or when the number of broken wires within 3 torques is
5, It should be partially cut off, where the torque is a one-turn distance from the centerline.
2．钢丝绳使用寿命“吨英里”计算
Wire line service life "ton/miles" calculation.
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⑴ 计算并记录如下“吨英里”. Calculate and record the following "ton/ miles".
起钻吨英里 Star Drill Tons/Miles②钻进吨英里 Drilling Tons/Miles③取芯吨英里 Coring
Tons/Miles④下套管吨英里 Casing Tons/Miles
以上各值均可从“美国钻井手册”中，依不同井深、不同负荷、不同泥浆比重时查得“吨英里”
值。The above values can be obtained from the “Drilling Manual of the United States”, and the value
of "ton/miles" can be found when drilling at different depths of wells, different loads, and different
mud proportions.
⑵以上各值之和达到 600-900 吨英里时，应切除 80 英尺，为使钢丝绳获得最高寿命，应选
定切除计划，在 600-900 吨英里之间进行调节，直到找到最佳点为止。
When the sum of these values reaches 600-900 ton/miles, 80 feet should be removed. In order to
maximize the life of the wire line, the removal plan should be selected, Adjust between 600-900
ton/miles until you find the best point.
3．钢丝绳使用寿命“吨英里”计算 Wire line service life "ton/miles" calculation.
所下套管柱在空气中的重量大钩组合重量
(  泥浆浮力系数 + ) 井深
1000 1000 1000
⑴ 以下套管吨公里 Casing Tons/Miles:
所下钻铤及钻杆在空气中的重量大钩组合重量
(  泥浆浮力系数 + ) 井深
1000 1000 1000
⑵ 起下钻吨公里 Drilling Tons/Miles
⑶ 钻进、取心吨公里 Drilling Tons/Miles and Coring Tons/Miles
钻进时：3×(本次直下钢丝绳吨公里数-上次起下钻钢丝绳吨公里数)
Drilling: 3× (the number of ton/km of the wire line in this round - the number of ton/km of wire
line drilled since last time)
取芯时：2×(本次直下钢丝绳吨公里数-上次起下钻钢丝绳吨公里数)
Coring: 2×(the number of ton/km of the wire line in this round - the number of ton/km of wire line
drilled since last time)
4．按上述各值之和用 600-900 吨英里去调节时，其吨公里的数值在 875-1313 吨公里范围内，
每次切除 80 英尺时，按公制应切除 24-25 米。When the sum of the above values is used to adjust
600-900 ton/miles, Its ton/km value is in the range of 875-1313 ton/km, Each removed of 80 feet,
according to the metric system should be removed 24-25 meters.
58
3.5 作业结束 Finish of Operation
3.5.1 修井机整拖:（选配钻台时）Whole Rig Drag(If selected Platform)
当修井机在同一区块钻丛式井，由一口井向另一口井搬家时，可利用修井机的整拖功能，
进行步骤：
Rig works in cluster well at the same area, move from one well to another well, it can be
moved wholly. Steps of whole rig drag:
1．松开井架所有绷绳，将井架上体收回，然后将下体井架落回（具体操作井架说明书）；
Loose all the guylines, retract mast upper section and then fall down the mast (refer to Manual of
Mast for detailed operation).
2．将钻台梯子、逃生滑道、坡道、泥浆管、渡槽等钻台与地面或其他系统的连接件移
去；Disconnect ladders on the substructure, escaping slide, slide, mud line, aqueduct bridge and
other connecting device on the floor or other system.
3．将推土机拖杠后的绳索联结到钻台后的拖杠上，用四部推土机拖机使修井机移至新
井位。Connect bulldozer tug to the pull rod at the rear of the substructure, use bulldozers to drag the
rig to the new well.
4．升起井架，打好绷绳，连接好钻台梯子、逃生滑道、坡道等钻台与地面或的连接件。
Raise the mast, tension all the guylines, and connect ladders, escaping slide, DP slide and other
fittings.
5．出浆管加长，联结好泥浆循环系统、井控系统管线。Lengthen the mud outlet; connect
pipelines for mud circulating system and well control system.
3.5.2 修井机搬家：Rig movement
作业结束后，进行搬家准备工作。首先拆下主机与固控、井控系统的连接件，拆下返浆
管，吊下防喷器，拆下钻台轻型工作台与井架间的活动平台 Y 型支架拉杆、梯子、司钻踏板、
台体等部件，断开与主机相连的外部所有液气路管线及接头。
Prepare for movement after finishing the working. Firstly disconnect the main rig and solid
control, well control system. Disconnect mud returning line; remove the BOP, Remove the
Y-brackets, ladders, drill pedals, bench bodies and other components between the Light duty station
and the mast, Disconnect all external gas-oil lines and connections to the rig.
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确保拆除所有与井架相连的部件后，然后此时可以收回井架，理顺绷绳及液气路管线.
After ensuring that all parts connected to the mast are removed, the mast can be retracted, and
collated the guylines and gas-oil line.
接着拆除轻型工作台等其他所有部件，下放钻台。钻台下放到最低位置后，要穿好定位
销子和别针。然后拆下栏杆，放下飘台，同时将钻台上的几个钳尾桩置于运输位置。归类进
行包装或装入包装箱中准备运输。
Then remove all other parts such as the Light duty station and collated to pack it into the box for
moving.
3.5.2.1 井架上体的缩回和井架放倒 Retraction of upper mast and falling down of mast
1．井架上体的缩回 Retraction of upper mast

井架上体的缩回操作顺序与伸出顺序基本相反。The retraction sequence of the upper mast
is reverse of the telescoping sequence basically
一
A．A. 带格式的: 项目符号和编号
注意：落下井架上体时，如不拔出保险销子，可能会严重损坏伸缩油缸，伤人
亡人员。 Note：If the safety pin has not been pulled out during dropping the upper
佩
mast, it will cause the heavy damage of telescoping cylinder and personnel death
安
全带爬上井架，摘开照明电路插销和井架承载机构安全锁销。A person wearing the
safety-belt climbs on the mast to pull out the plug of the illumination circuit and safety
lock of mast load-bearing device.
B．B. 松开井架上体的所有绷绳。Loose all tension ropes on the upper mast
C．C. 关闭控制伸缩缸的针阀，抬起伸缩液缸控制阀手柄，使井架上体伸出 100mm 左
右，操作井架承载销的液控阀，当承载块完全缩回，然后打开针阀，井架上体平稳缩回。Close
the needle valve which controls the telescoping cylinder; lift the handle of the telescoping hydraulic
cylinder control valve to extend the upper mast upwardly for about 100mm. Open the needle valve
when the bearing block is retracted completely, then the upper mast will be retracted stably
D. 井
注意：在井架上体收回的过程中应始终操作绞车使游车大钩处于合架
适位置，井架上体完全缩回后，如井架不放倒，大钩应靠近轻型工作上
台台面（钻台面）钻台面并固定。如井架需放倒，则使其置于大钩托
架位置。 60
Note: The hook blocks must be in the proper position during the retraction process
of the upper mast by controlling the winch. If you do not fall down the mast after the
upper mast is retracted completely, the hook should near to the drilling rig platform and
is fixed. It need fall down the mast; it should be in the position of hook bracket
体缩回到位后，关闭针阀。Close the needle valve after the upper mast is retracted to the
position
2．井架的放倒 Falling down of the mast
A．拧开控制起升缸的排气阀，操作起升液缸换向阀手柄，观察气泡观察器，当气泡观
察器无气体显示时，说明气缸内空气已排净，使操作阀手柄回中位。
Turn on the air discharge valve, which controls the lifting cylinder, operates the handle of
hydraulic cylinder change valve; watch the bulb viewer. When there is not gas indication in the bulb
viewer, it means the gas in the cylinder has been discharged completely. Return the handle of
operating valve to middle position
B．打开井架与 Y 型支架的锁紧螺栓。
Unlock the locking bolt between the mast and Y bracket
C．打开高压截止阀。缓慢压下起升液缸控制阀手柄，使井架缓慢、平稳地回收，注意
观察起升缸回收时动作顺序，依次应是：活塞杆、内缸、中缸。
Open the HP stop valve; press down the handle of lifting hydraulic cylinder control valve
slowly to retract the mast slowly and stably. Pay attention to the action sequence of the retraction of
the lifting cylinder, it should be piston bar, internal cylinder and medium cylinder in order.
警告：如果液缸按错误的顺序缩回，将会造成井架自行下落，设备损坏，人员
伤亡等重大事故。Note: If the retraction sequence of the cylinder is wrong, it will cause
the serious accident such as the automatic falling down of the mast, damage of
equipment and death of the personnel.
D．待井架放倒至前支架约 200~300mm 时，减慢下放速度，使井架头枕缓慢落在前支

架上。Slow the falling speed when the mast is fallen to the position 200～300mm away form the
front bracket to fall the mast head cushion on the front bracket slowly.
E．将发动机附近的快绳及死绳挂到井架上的挂钩上，以免在修井机运输时钢丝绳挂伤
水箱或碰掉发动机上的油漆。
Hang the fast rope and dead rope near the engine on the hook block of the mast to prevent the
steel rope scrapes the water tank or damages the paint on the engine during the transportation
of the drilling rig.
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注意：放倒井架过程仍需操作绞车使大钩能够平躺在大钩托架上。
Note: When falling the mast, it still needs to operate the winch to ensure the hook
lies on the hook bracket
警告：在井架上体缩回和井架放倒的过程中，发动机可怠速运转，但不允许
发动机熄火，否则可能造成重大设备损坏和人员伤亡事故。
Note: The engine could be in idle-speed operation during the retraction of upper
mast or falling down of mast, but the engine must be extinguished, otherwise it will
cause the serious equipment damage or personnel death.
所有操作结束后，换档控制阀置空档位，调压阀关至最小，其余液气路阀件手柄回中位，
发动机熄火。After finishing all the operation above, pull the shift valve in free position, turn the
pressure regulator to minimum pressure, move all the other hydraulic valves handle to neutral
position and extinguish the engine.
警告：风力在 4 级以上，应停止起放井架，井架起升后不得移动液压支腿。

Note: When the wind speed is above the 4th grade, it should stop rising or lowering
the mast. Do not move the hydraulic jack after the mast is raised upright
3.5.2.2 修井机移运 Movement of the rig
修井机搬家时首先要考虑到沿途道路的条件，由于主机高度为 4.2m，若高度受到限制时，
应将二层台拆下运输，必要时要将井架拆下单独运输。
Road condition should be taken into consideration for the rig movement. The height of the rig
is 4.2m. If there is height restraint, racking platform should be removed and transported separately,
and mast also could be transported separately if necessary.
3.6 修井机的停放及封存 Parking and storage of the rig
修井机长时间不用时，需要将相关的传动件加注润滑油，对发动机要定期进行维护，动
力机组部分要用帆布罩住，主机停放时要将液压支腿伸出，避免轮胎长期受到重压。If the rig
does not be used for a long time, please lubricate the transmission parts, maintain the engine
periodically, and cover the power package with canvas. When parking the main unit, extend the
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hydraulic outriggers out to keep the tires from heavy load.
警告：主机发动机熄火后，若停放时间过长，一定要使液压支腿伸出，否则将
使车架造成永久变形。
Note: If the rig will be stored for a long time after the engine is extinguished,
hydraulic jacks must be stretched out to bear load to prevent the frame from permanent
deformation.
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XJ350
第四章维护保养及储存
Part 4 Maintenance and storage
4.1 概述 Overview
修井机的定期检查、维修及保养，能够及时排除可能发生故障的隐患，不仅可以避免重
大事故的发生，减少修理等待费用，而且还可以大大提高设备的利用率，延长修井机的使用
寿命，因此在修井机的整个使用期间，应根据修井机的技术状况和运行情况，经常对其进行
维护管理。
The regular inspection, repair and maintenance of workover rigs can eliminate hidden troubles
that may occur, It can not only avoid the occurrence of major accidents and reduce the waiting time
for repairs, but also can greatly increase the utilization rate of equipment and extend the service life
of workover rigs. Therefore, during the entire use of the workover rig, maintenance and
management should be performed frequently according to the technical condition and operation of
the workover rig.
XJ350 修井机的维护保养应按照一定的周期进行。周期性维护可分班维护、周维护、月
维护、半年及一年维护。在维护过程中发现问题视情况可以由操作人员或专业技术人员加以
解决。对于在现场修理困难且工作量大的维修工作（如更换轴承等），则应送往机修站点或机
修厂进行处理。
The maintenance of the XJ350 workover rig should be carried out according to a certain cycle.
Periodic maintenance can be divided into groups maintenance, weekly maintenance, monthly
maintenance, six months and one year maintenance. Problems found during the maintenance
process can be resolved by the operator or professional technicians. For repair work that is difficult
to repair and heavy in the field (such as replacing bearings, etc.), it should be sent to a repair site or
a machine repair factory for processing.
本手册未涉及到的或仅作简要介绍的配套零部件或设备，其维修保养敬请参阅其各自的
使用说明书、维修保养手册或其相关的技术资料。
For parts and equipment not covered by this manual or only for brief introductions, please refer
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to their respective operating instructions, maintenance manuals or related technical data for their
maintenance.
班维护 Groups maintenance
修井机的班维护作业项目包括例行检查、调试、润滑、紧固、清洁、防腐等常规作业内
容和下面规定的班维护作业项目。
班维护作业完全由操作人员独立完成，为操作人员的例行检查工作。
The maintenance work items of workover rigs include routine inspections, commissioning,
lubrication, fastening, cleaning, antisepsis, etc., as well as the maintenance work items specified
below.
The maintenance work of the groups is completely completed by the operator and is the
routine inspection work of the operator.
周维护 Weekly maintenance
周维护作业项目应包括班维护作业项目。
周维护作业的例行检查完全由操作人员独立完成，部分工作量较大的项目可由相关的人
员协助完成。
Weekly maintenance work items should include group maintenance work items.
The routine inspection of the weekly maintenance work is completely completed by the
operator, and some of the larger workload projects can be assisted by relevant personnel
月维护 Mouths maintenance
月维护作业项目应包括周维护作业项目。
月维护作业的工作量或难度较大的项目（如更换带刹或离合器的摩擦片等），可由相关的
人员或技术人员参与解决。
Monthly maintenance work items should include weekly maintenance work items.
Monthly maintenance work, such as the replacement of a friction plate with a brake or a clutch,
may be performed by a relevant person or technician.
半年、一年维护 Six mouth, and year maintenance
经过半年或一年的使用，各运动部分的零件必然有不同程度的磨损，其它非运
动零件的性能也会有所变化，必须进行调整、维护、更换，这些工作需要在专业的站点或机
修厂由专业维修人员根据设备管理技术人员的建议对修井机作全面的检修及维护。
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BF
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警告：修井机在进行维修保养时，应切断动力源，且应有防止误操作的锁闭设施
和明显的警示标志牌，以防造成人身及设备的安全事故。
Note: When the workover rig is performing maintenance, the power source shall be cut
off, and there shall be locking devices to prevent misoperation and obvious warning signs to
prevent personal accidents and equipment accidents.
After six months or one year of use, the parts of each moving part must wear to varying degrees,
and the performance of other non-moving parts will also change. Must be adjusted, maintained, and
replaced. These tasks require professional maintenance personnel to perform a complete overhaul
and maintenance of the workover rig in accordance with the recommendations of equipment
management technicians at a specialized site or machine repair facility.
4.2 周期性维护 Periodic maintenance
4.2.1．井架和底座钻台 Mast and Platform
1）常规检查维护项目 Routine inspection maintenance project

⚫ 起升构件有无裂缝及变形。Lifting members have no cracks and deformation.
⚫ 绳环、绳套是否锈蚀，靠近端部地方有无腐蚀痕迹。Whether the rope loop and rope
sleeve are rusted, and there is no trace of corrosion near the end.
⚫ 起升钢丝绳是否完好无损。Lifting wire rope is intact.
⚫ 滑轮系的润滑情况。Lubrication of pulley system
⚫ 各销子是否到位，别针齐全。Whether the pins are in place, the pins are complete
⚫ 全部螺栓连接处是否紧固。Whether all bolted joints are fastened
⚫ 在负荷下，定期测量井架立柱在全长范围直线度误差和井架正侧面与水平的垂
直度误差。Under load, the straightness error of the mast column in the full length range
and the verticality error of the mast's right side and horizontal were measured on a regular
basis.
⚫ 起放前，检查缓冲装置。Check the buffer before lifting.
2）在任何情况下，不允许拆除井架上的横、斜拉筋和其它构件。In any case, it is not
allowed to remove the horizontal, diagonal reinforcements and other components on the mast.
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3）钢结构上的各构件不允许钻孔和割孔，或进行任何焊接。Each member on the steel

structure is not allowed to drill and cut holes, or perform any welding.
4）应在每月或在下套管等承受特殊负荷之前检查井架和底座钻台。The mast and rig floor
should be inspected before each month or under special loads such as under casing.
4.2.2．提升系统 Lifting system
1）班维护检查作业项目 Groups maintenance inspection work item.

⚫ 带式刹车装置、防碰天车的联接、工作性能和制动性能。Belt brakes, anti-collision
crane connection, work performance and braking performance.
⚫ 司钻台、电、液、气元器件的密封性能及操作的可靠性。Drilling station, electrical,
liquid, gas components sealing performance and operating reliability.
⚫ 死绳与快绳端部的紧固。Fastener and fast rope end fastening
⚫ 机架、轴承座及防护装置的固定。Racks, housings and guards are fixed.
⚫ 各部轴承的润滑及密封性能.Lubrication and sealing performance of various bearings.
⚫ 大钩耳环螺栓及止动销的固定，钩身应转动灵活，弹簧伸缩自如。The bolts and locking
pins of big hooked earrings are fixed. The hook body should be flexible and the springs
can flex freely.
⚫ 水龙头、转盘、绞车各密封部位应密封良好，油池油量、油温符合要求。 The
sealed parts of the faucet, rotate table and drawworks should be sealed well, and the oil
amount and oil temperature of the oil pool meet the requirements.
⚫ 转盘止动销是否灵活可靠。Rotate table stop pin is flexible and reliable.
2）周维护检查作业项目 Weekly maintenance inspection work items.
⚫ 刹车片与刹车毂的磨损及间隙。Brake pad and brake hub wear and clearance
⚫ 绞车润滑油泵供油情况，润滑油是否清洁，是否应更换滤清器芯。The drawworks
Lubricating oil pump, whether the lubricant is clean, should replace the filter core.
⚫ 水龙头提环和销轴转动是否灵活。Whether the tap ring and pin rotation is flexible.
⚫ 游车轴的固定情况。Touring axle fixing.
⚫ 天车、游车滑轮槽的磨损情况。Scaffolding of pulleys and trolley pulleys.
⚫ 水龙头冲管盘根的密封情况。Watertight pipe seals
⚫ 转盘万向轴法兰紧固情况。 Rotate table cardan shaft flange fastening
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3）月维护检查作业项目 Mouth maintenance inspection work items
⚫ 刹车毂龟裂情况。Brake hub cracking.
⚫ 离合器、万向轴十字节的联接及磨损情况。Clutch, cardan shaft ten bytes connection
and wear condition.
⚫ 提环及销、滑轮是否有裂纹。Lift ring and pin, whether the crack on the pulley
4.2.3．传动系统 Transmission system
1）班维护检查作业项目：Groups maintenance inspection work items.

⚫ 检查链条的张紧度及传动部位的温度。Check the tension of the chain and the
temperature of the drive section.
⚫ 检查传动润滑油的品质、油量、油压、油温。Check the quality of transmission
lubricants, oil, oil pressure, oil temperature
⚫ 出现噪音过大、链条或链轮磨损等应及时处理。Excessive noise, chain or sprocket
wear should be dealt with promptly.
2）周维护检查作业项目：Weekly maintenance inspection work items.
⚫ 润滑油泵运行情况，清洗过滤器。Lubricating oil pump operation, cleaning filter.
⚫ 检查离合器的磨损情况。Check the wear of the clutch.
3）月维护检查作业项目：Mouth maintenance inspection work items.
⚫ 全面检查链条与链轮的磨损。Check the chain and sprocket wear thoroughly
⚫ 测定油池内油品质量。Determining the quality of oil in the oil pool.
4.2.4．气控系统 Pneumatic system
1）班维护检查作业项目：Groups maintenance inspection work items.

⚫ 空压机起动和停车无异常，油质、油量、油温符合规定。Air compressor start and stop
without exception, oil quality, oil volume, oil temperature in line with regulations.
⚫ 检查自动调压装置和安全阀。Check automatic pressure regulator and safety valve.
⚫ 检查贮气瓶的工作压力，并放水排污。Check the working pressure of the gas cylinder
and discharge the water.
⚫ 管路是否畅通，密封是否良好。Whether the pipeline is unblocked and the seal is good.
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⚫ 导气龙头温升情况。Air leading temperature rise

2）周维护检查作业项目：Weekly maintenance inspection work items.
⚫ 检查安全阀和顺序阀 Check safety valve and sequence valve
⚫ 检查刹车气缸密封性能。Check brake cylinder seal performance
3）月维护检查作业项目 Mouth maintenance inspection work items.
⚫ 清洗过滤器、除水器和储气瓶安全阀 Clean filter, eliminator and gas cylinder safety
valve.
⚫ 检查压风机控制阀件。 Check the pressure fan control valve.
4.3 高寒期的操作与维护 Alpine period operation and maintenance
4.3.1．循环系统 Circulatory system
钻井泵起动前应检查阀腔、循环管汇，不应结冰。Before starting the drilling pump, check

the valve chamber and circulation manifold and do not freeze.
当钻井泵停止工作时，应排净钻井泵液力端、水龙头及高低压管汇内的钻井液。When the
drilling pump stops working, the drilling fluid at the hydraulic end of the drilling pump, the faucet
and the high and low pressure manifolds should be drained.
4.3.2．提升系统 Lifting system
下完钻，对可能引起井架提升系统主要结构件损坏的因素采取预防措施。
Drill down DP and take precautions against factors that may cause damage to the main
structural components of the derrick lift system.
防止水龙头提环下部放水孔结冰。
Prevent icing from the lower drain hole.
4.3.3．其它系统 Other system
油、气、水输送管路及钻机控制阀件应采取防冻措施。Oil, gas, water transfer lines and rig

control valve parts should be taken antifreeze measures.
司钻台和计量仪器仪表应有保温措施。Drilling station and measuring instruments should
have insulation measures.
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BF
XJ350
4.4 TC102 天车的维修保养 TC102 Maintenance and repair
4.4.1．工作前的维修保养 Maintenance before working
为了使天车长期无故障工作，应及时正确的进行保养。天车安装前如果有不正常的情况
必须排除。In order to ensure long-term trouble-free operation of the TC102, proper maintenance
should be carried out in a timely manner. If there is something abnormal before the crane is installed,
it must be ruled out.
(1)各滑轮的转动应灵活，无阻滞现象。The rotation of each pulley should be flexible, without
blockage.
(2)当转动一个滑轮时，其相邻滑轮不应随着转动。When rotating a pulley, its adjacent pulley
should not rotate.
(3)所有连接必须固定牢靠，不得有松动现象。All connections must be firmly secured and
there must be no loosening.
(4)各滑轮轴承应定期加注润滑脂。Each pulley bearing should be regularly filled with grease.
4.4.2．运行中的维护检查 During working maintenance
(1) 根据润滑保养规定，按期加注润滑脂。According to the lubrication maintenance

regulations, grease is filled on schedule.
(2)当轴承发热温升超过环境温度 40℃时，或发出噪声或滑轮不稳和抖动，应查找原因，
更换润滑脂或更换磨损的轴承。When the temperature rise of the bearing exceeds the ambient
temperature of 40 °C, or noise or pulley instability and jitter, should find the cause, replace the
grease or replace the worn bearing.
(3)滑轮有裂痕或轮缘缺损时，严禁继续使用，应及时更换。 When the pulley has a crack or
rim defect, it is forbidden to use it and it should be replaced in time.
(4)经常检查滑轮槽的磨损情况，滑轮槽的形状对钢丝绳寿命有很大影响，应定期用专门
的样板进行检验，样板的制作与使用可参照 API Spec 8A8C 规范。修复的滑轮槽底半径见表
1 所示。
Always check the wear of the pulley groove. The shape of the pulley groove has a great
influence on the life of the wire rope. It should be tested regularly with a special template. The
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production and use of the template can refer to the API Spec 8C specification. The radius of the
grooved bottom of the pulley is shown in Table 1.
表 1 修复的滑轮槽底半径 Repaired pulley bottom radius
槽底样板尺寸 Groove bottom sample size

钢丝绳公称直径
最小槽底半径最大槽底半径磨损滑轮槽的最小半径
Wire line nominal
Min. groove Max. groove Min. radius of the worn
diameter
bottom radius bottom radius pulley groove
26mm( 1” ) 13.46mm 13.97mm 13.03mm
4.4.3 润滑 Lubricating
各滑轮轴承在使用前及工作期间应加注适量的润滑脂。每周二次。
Each pulley bearing should be filled with an appropriate amount of grease before and during
use. Two times a week.
4.5 井架的维修保养 Mast Maintenance and repair
4.5.1．应避免骤然加载与卸载 Avoid sudden loading and unloading
井加在使用过程中，应尽量避免骤然施加载荷，以防产生过大的冲击负荷，特别是在较
大的大钩载荷下，如下技术套管，、钻井至最大井深，、以及处理井下卡钻等事故时，应缓慢
加载，尽量避免突然加载和紧急刹车，以确保井架的安全。
During the application of the well, sudden application of load should be avoided to prevent
excessive impact load, especially under large hook loads. When the following technical sleeves,
drilling to the maximum depth, and dealing with downhole stuck and other accidents, should be
slowly loaded to avoid sudden loading and emergency braking to ensure the safety of the mast.
4.5.2．定期外观检查 Regular appearance inspection
井架的现场外观定期检查要由操作人员（或指定的代表）按计划定期进行，并报告结果。
一般每个钻、修井周期检查一次，钻、修井完搬迁时再检查一次。在日常钻、修井过程中，
如发现松动、损坏等异常，应及时采取措施，避免发生意外事故。
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The regular appearance of the mast's on-site appearance is periodically performed by the
operator (or designated representative) as planned and the results reported. Generally, each drilling
and workover cycle is inspected once. Once the drilling and well repairing are completed, it is
checked again. In routine drilling and workover procedures, if abnormalities such as loosening or
damage are found, measures shall be taken in time to avoid accidents.
井架现场外观检查报告的格式、检查程序、范围、具体项目和缺陷等见附录。
The format, inspection procedures, scope, specific items and defects of the derrick site
appearance inspection report are shown in the Appendix.
1）检验目的和范围 Inspection purpose and scope
制定这样的检验程序和报告格式，是为了使现场检验工作进行得全面完整，报告的格式
统一。美国石油学会已将此作为参考文献列入 API 标准 4E 的附表 A《关于维护和使用钻机
和车装钻、修机的推荐规程》。只要所列检验内容可以满足需要检验的条件，都可采用这个规
程。如果井架在接近其负荷上限的情况下应用，或者在承受某些影响安全操作的极限条件下
应用，则应定期进行一些更为详细和严格的检验，或对此推荐规程作若干补充。
The establishment of the inspection procedure and the report format is to ensure the field
inspection is processed completely and the uniform of the format of the report. It has been listed in
Annexed Table A Recommended Regulations About Maintenance and Usage of rig, Wagon rig and
of standard API 4E as the reference document by American Petroleum Institute. The regulation can
be adopted if only the listed content can meet the condition need inspecting. If the mast is used in
the condition of near to its upper load limitation or in the extreme condition which can affect the
operating safety, then it should process a lot of more detailed and strict inspection or supplement the
recommended regulation
2）损伤部位的标记 Mark of damaged position
在进行检验时，必须在损伤部位或井架上作醒目标记，以便进行必要的修复工作。建议
采用光亮、鲜明的喷漆来作标记。经过修复以后，应该用漆将所作的损伤标记涂掉。如果被
检部位并无损伤，检验者应在该处写一个“无”字，表明这个检验项目已经通过。在检验时最
好参考制造厂的总成图纸和使用说明书。对于检验不到的项目和未曾检验的项目，应在表中
此项目后划一条线。
It must make the clear mark on the damaged position or mast during the inspection for the
convenience of processing of necessary repair work. It is recommended that the mark is painted by
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the bright paint. The damage mark should be covered by the paint after the repair. The inspector
should write a word “None” on the inspected position to indicate the inspection item had passed if it
is without damage. It may as well refer to the assembly drawing and operating instruction of the
manufacturer during the inspection. It should mark a line behind the item in the table, which could
not be inspected or has not inspected.
4.5.3．特殊情况下的检测与评定 Special circumstances of the test and assessment.
1）．检测评定的范围 Test the scope of the assessment

服役过程中发生过如摔落、顶天车等重大事故以及严重碰伤或在处理井下事故时有过严
重超载记录的井架。
In the course of service, there were derricks such as falling, overhead vehicles and other
serious accidents as well as serious impacts or severe overload records when dealing with downhole
accidents.
使用中发现有严重局部或整体变形、断裂及裂纹等严重缺陷或经大修后的井架。
Severe defects such as severe local or overall deformation, fractures, and cracks, or overhauled
mast were found during use.
正常服役超过 5 年以上或腐蚀严重的井架。
A mast that has been in service for more than 5 years or has been severely corroded.
有关标准和规程规定应开展综合检测评定的井架。
The standards and procedures stipulate that the derrick should be comprehensively tested and
evaluated.
2）．检测工作的组织与评定 Organization and assessment of inspection work
井架的综合检测评定应委托经过质量认证或认可的专业检测机构进行。承担检测任务的
单位应符合上级主管部门批准的业务范围。
The comprehensive inspection and evaluation of the mast should be commissioned by a
professional inspection agency that has passed quality certification or approval. The unit
responsible for the inspection task should meet the business scope approved by the higher
authorities.
井架的继续使用、修理或报废应以检测、评定的结论为依据。
The continued use, repair or scrapping of the mast shall be based on the conclusions of tests
and assessments.
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井架的综合检测工作应由本专业技术人员负责，严格按照 AWS D1.1 进行综合检测评定。
The comprehensive inspection of the mast should be undertaken by the professional
technicians and conduct comprehensive inspection and evaluation in strict accordance with AWS
D1.1.
4.5.4．润滑 Lubricating
井架各转动部位的润滑良好，是保证井架正常运转、延长使用寿命的重要保证之一，否
则将导致异常损坏。因此，用户应经常注意井架的润滑情况，严格按下表及时进行润滑。
The good lubrication of the mast's rotating parts is one of the important guarantees to ensure
the normal operation of the mast and prolong its service life, otherwise it will lead to abnormal
damage. Therefore, users should always pay attention to the lubrication of the derrick, and strictly
follow the table to perform lubrication.
润滑点数
润滑剂规格备注
序号润滑部位 Part of No. of 加油周期
Lubricant remar
NO. lubrication lubrication Refill cycle
specification k
points
3 号锂基润滑脂
每班 Each
1 天车 Crown block Lithium base 5
grease 3# group
每次起升井架
Lithium base
起升液缸销轴 Pin grease 3# Each time
2 roll of the lifting 2 lifting and
liquid cylinder dropping the
mast
每次起升井架
Lithium base
grease 3# Each time
3 承载销 Carrying pin 4
lifting and
dropping the
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mast
每次起升井架
Lithium base
伸缩液缸、扶正器 grease 3# Each time
4 Telescoping cylinder 8 lifting and
stabilizer dropping the
mast
其他所有滑轮 All 每班 Each
5 Lithium base
other pulleys grease 3# group
4.5.5．井架的维修与维护保养 Mast maintenance and repair
（1）修理或修改井架前，要和制造厂协商，以取得对井架原材料及修改方法的确认。在
没有取得制造厂同意的情况下，其操作人员及施工工艺须经机械责任工程师批准，方可进行
修理或修改工作。
Before repairing or modifying the mast, negotiate with the manufacturer to obtain confirmation
of the mast raw materials and modification methods. Without the consent of the manufacturer, the
operator and construction process must be approved by the mechanical responsibility engineer
before repairs or modifications can be made.
（2）修理或修改井架应遵守 SY/T 5025—1999 的有关规定。
Repair or modify the mast should comply with the relevant provisions of SY/T 5025.
（3）井架在正常使用期间半年保养一次。一般情况下，井架主体及 Y 型支架至少每半
年应进行一次除锈防腐处理。对于遭受钻、修井液、石油、天然气、饱和盐水、硫化氢等侵
蚀而腐蚀严重的部位，应在每口井完成后和搬家前彻底进行一次除锈防腐处理。
The derrick is serviced half a year during normal use. Under normal circumstances, the mast
body and Y-bracket should be subjected to rust-proof and anti-corrosion treatment at least every six
months. For locations where erosion, such as drilling, workover fluids, oil, natural gas, saturated
brine, and hydrogen sulfide, etc. are severely corroded, a rust-removal and anti-corrosion treatment
should be carried out thoroughly after completion of each well and before moving.
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4.5.6．其它注意事项 Other considerations
井架为修井机的主要受力构件之一，未经许可,不允许在井架上焊接、钻孔。对运输、使
用中损坏或丢失的构件不能随意代用，应向制造厂家进行技术咨询。
The mast is one of the main force components of the workover rig. Without permission,
welding and drilling on the derrick are not allowed. Components that are damaged or lost during
transport, use, or other components cannot be used at will, and technical consultation should be
conducted with the manufacturer.
井架存放时应堆码整齐，并适当垫平，所有耳板的销孔处涂防锈油脂，各种绷绳要涂防
锈油脂后捆扎成盘堆放在干燥处。
When the mast is stored, it should be neatly stacked and properly leveled. The rust-proof
grease should be applied to the pinholes of all the ear plates, and the various kinds of mandrels
should be coated with rust-proof grease and then bundled and stacked in a dry place.
井架的最大承载能力 102 吨是指在通常环境温度下所能承受的最大载荷。其它温度下，
承载能力会有所下降，特别是在-20℃以下使用时，必须对材料的低温性能予以确认，并采取
必要的防护措施。
The mast's maximum load capacity of 102 tons refers to the maximum load that can be
tolerated at normal ambient temperatures. At other temperatures, the bearing capacity will be
reduced, especially when used below -20°C. The low temperature properties of the material must be
confirmed and the necessary protective measures must be taken.
4.6 绞车的维修保养 Drawworks maintenance and repair
4.6.1．绞车的日常检查及维修保养 The daily inspection and maintenance of the doawworks
1）每班检查项目：Groups inspection items

⚫ 快绳绳卡压板应齐全且不松动；Fast rope clamps should be complete and not loose
⚫ 刹车是否灵敏、可靠；Is the brakes sensitive and reliable
⚫ 刹车块是否磨损严重，有无裂痕；check the brake block is worn badly and there is no
crack.
⚫ 刹车鼓与刹带之间的间隙是否均匀。轴承温升正常；The gap between the brake drum
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and the brake belt is even. Normal temperature rise of bearing

⚫ 双制动装置、紧急刹车是否正常；Double brake device, emergency brake is normal.
⚫ 每个轴端、轴承盖、链条盒等处无漏油形象；No oil leakage image at each shaft end,
bearing cap, chain box, etc.
⚫ 气控系统无漏气现象；There is no air leakage in the air control system.
⚫ 润滑系统无漏油现象；There is no oil leakage in the lubrication system.
⚫ 各传动处无异常声响。There is no abnormal sound at each transmission.
2）其它检查项目 Other inspection items

⚫ 润滑油更换周期，在链条盒内润滑油杂质不多及油品无严重变质，且不渗漏情况下为
2000 小时或更长时间；Lubricant replacement cycle, few oil impurities in the chain case
and no serious deterioration of the oil product, and no leakage of 2000 hours or more.
⚫ 在停机时应检查调整坚固各传动连接件，必要时检查链条是否有损坏现象；When
shutting down, check and adjust the firmness of each drive connector. If necessary, check
the chain for damage.
⚫ 随时注意检查离合器、刹车块的摩损情况，及时进行调整或更换。Pay attention to
checking the wear of the clutch and brake block at any time and adjust or replace it in time.
⚫ 检查快绳磨损情况，如有磨损超标或有断股断丝情况，应立即更换；Check the fastness
of the rope. If there is excessive wear or breakage of the broken strand, replace it
immediately.
⚫ 在一般情况下，每半年检查一次链轮、轴承、密封等件的磨损情况，必要时及时更换，
检查润滑系统，气控系统软管是否松动，各处连接、坚固是否松动；Under normal
circumstances, check the wear of the sprocket, bearing, seal, etc., every six months, replace
it if necessary, check the lubrication system, check whether the hose of the air control
system is loose, and whether the connection and sturdiness are loose at all points.
⚫ 未列入检查项目的内容，也应在巡回检查中予以注意，随时消除设备隐患，维持设备
正常运转。The contents not included in the inspection items should also be noted during
the inspection tour to eliminate equipment hidden dangers and maintain the normal
operation of the equipment.
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4.6.2．定期检查 Periodic inspection
当绞车运行一段时间后，运转部分会有不同制度的磨损，产生连接部分松动，管路不畅，
密封件老化等情况，如继续发展会影响设备的正常使用。因此，除了上加，较大的维修应在
维修站点或述日常检查和一般维护以外，需进行定期的检查与修理，这种检查应有专业人员
参机修厂进行。
When the winch runs for a period of time, the operating part will have different wear and tear,
loose connections, poor piping, and aging of seals. If it continues to develop, it will affect the
normal use of the equipment. Therefore, in addition to the above, the larger repairs should be
carried out regularly at the maintenance site or in addition to the daily inspections and general
maintenance. These inspections should be conducted by professional personnel participating in the
machine repair factory.
4.6.3．半年检查项目 Six months inspection items
1) 检查刹车毂磨损情况，必要时予以更换；Check brake hub wear and replace if necessary;

2) 检查气胎离合器气囊是否老化、磨擦片磨损程度，必要时予以更换；Check whether the
air-ballast clutch airbag is worn or not, and if necessary, replace it.
3) 润滑系统应检查下述部件，根据情况予以更换、检修或进行调整 Lubrication system
should check the following parts, replace, overhaul or adjust according to the situation
◼ 链条盒及润滑油 Chain box and lubricant
◼ 油管线 Oil Line
◼ 密封件 seals
4.6.4．每年检查项目 Years inspection items
1) 刹车机构运转正常；Brake mechanism is operating normally

2) 检查所有连接件的螺栓螺母，松动时应予紧固；开口销、销固铁丝如有丢失、损坏等
应予以更换；Check the bolts and nuts of all joints and loosen the bolts and nuts. If any of the split
pins or pinned solid irons are lost or damaged, they should be replaced.
3) 检查轴承、密封件等的磨损情况，过度磨损应予以更换；Check the wear of bearings,
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seals, etc. Excessive wear should be replaced.

4) 检查全部润滑油/脂管线有无泄漏及堵塞；Check all oil/fat pipelines for leaks and
clogging.
5) 检查离合器，更换磨损件；Check the clutch and replace the worn parts.
6) 检查链条箱、绞车链轮和链条的磨损情况；Check the wear of the chain case, winch
sprocket and chain.
7) 检查刹车鼓的磨损情况；Check brake drum wear.
8) 清洗油池；Clean the oil pool
9) 检查气控系统；Check the air control system
10) 检查所有油封。Check all oil seals
在检查后，确定应予以检修或更换的零部件。对于现场难于解决的零部件，应在专业维
修点或机修厂进行。
After inspection, identify the parts that should be overhauled or replaced. For parts that are
difficult to solve on site, they should be carried out at a specialized maintenance or repair factory.
4.6.5．绞车传动系统的润滑 Drawworks driveline lubrication.
JC18/11C 绞车润滑系统采用机油油浴润滑及脂润滑。The drawworks lubrication system

uses oil bath lubrication and grease lubrication.
1）润滑油润滑 Lubricating oil
a. 润滑原理 Lubrication principle
绞车链条润滑方式采用机油油浴润滑。 Drawworks chain lubrication with oil bath
lubrication.
链条盒下部设有油标，绞车在开始使用及使用过程中应注意油标的观察，保持油面在中
间为好。There are oil marks in the lower part of the chain case. During the start-up and use of the
winch, attention should be paid to the observation of the oil mark, and it is better to keep the oil
surface in the middle.
b. 链条盒内所加油品：Chain box filled with oil
注入油时油面一定要加到油标中间。油面静止时，观察油位低于油标时，应及时加油。
加新油时，必须将润滑油过滤一次，每口井必须换一次润滑油。如果油被污染，应当视情况
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更换油品。
When injecting oil, the oil must be added to the middle of the oil standard. When the oil level
is at a standstill, when observing the oil level below the oil level, it is necessary to add fuel in time.
When new oil is added, the oil must be filtered once, and each well must be changed once more. If
the oil is contaminated, the oil should be changed as appropriate.
2）润滑脂润滑 Grease lubrication
绞车主要黄油润滑部位包括滚筒两侧各轴支撑轴承，离合器轴承，双导龙头，刹车机构
连杆、销轴、曲拐、花键、轴承等部位。
The main grease lubricated parts of the winch include shaft support bearings on both sides of
the drum, clutch bearings, double guide faucets, brake mechanism connecting rods, pin shafts,
cranks, splines, bearings and other parts.
各润滑脂润滑点除滚筒轴支撑轴承加注黄油部位设在机架侧板上，其余各润滑点均设在
需要润滑的部位。加注润滑脂时，应注意对于中间有接铜管的油腔加注口，应先将油杯拆下，
接上干油站的接头后通过干油站注入润滑脂；对油杯直接连接润滑脂腔的油杯，可直接使用
润滑脂枪加注润滑脂，也用干油站加注。
Each grease lubrication point except the drum shaft support bearing filling butter position is
located on the side plate of the rack, and the rest of the lubrication points are located in the parts
that need to be lubricated. When filling grease, it should be noted that for the oil chamber filling
port with copper pipe in between, the oil cup should be removed first, and then the dry oil station
should be filled with grease after connecting the joint of the dry oil station. For grease cups with oil
cups that are directly connected to the grease chamber, the grease can be applied directly to the
grease gun and the dry oil station can also be used.
3）润滑油的更换周期 Lubricant replacement cycle
润滑油的更换周期与使用条件、保养、清洁等诸多因素有关，很难给出一个确切的数值，
下面依据经验提供的数据仅供参考。The replacement cycle of lubricants is related to many
factors such as service conditions, maintenance, and cleaning. It is difficult to give an exact figure.
The following data based on experience is for reference only.
⚫ 新修井机投入使用后，第一个换油周期为 2000 运转小时（因在磨合期润滑油品质量
下降较快）。After the new workover rig is put into use, the first oil change cycle is 2,000
hours of operation (because the quality of the lubricant drops faster during the run-in
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period).
⚫ 在正确的使用及维护保养下，换油周期为 2000～4000 运转小时或更多。
Under proper use and maintenance, the oil change interval is 2000 to 4000 hours or
more.
4.6.6. 绞车气控系统的维修保养 Drawworks air control system maintenance.
绞车的气控系统主要包括离合器控制、过圈防碰控制、双制动装置等。The drawworks air

control system mainly includes clutch control, anti-collision control, double brake device and so on.
气控系统的故障会给修井机生产带来严重的影响。因此，气控系统的维修保养对修井机
的正常运转是至关重要的。The failure of the air control system will have a serious impact on the
workover rig production. Therefore, the maintenance of the air control system is crucial to the
normal operation of the workover rig.
1）使用前的检查 Check before use
⚫ 司钻房仪表是否正确，箱体内外是否清洁，有无漏气现象。Does the driller's room meter
be correct, whether the inside and outside of the tank is clean, and whether there is any
leakage phenomenon.
⚫ 各控制阀件是否工作可靠。Whether each control valve works reliably.
⚫ 防碰天车每次起下钻作业前，均需试防碰天车，以确保其安全可靠。Every time the
anti-collision crane starts to drill, it must be tested against the crane to ensure its safety and
reliability.
⚫ 快排阀及继气器是否完好。Quick exhaust valve and the successor is intact.
⚫ 各胶管线是否漏气。Whether each pipeline leaks
⚫ 双导龙头加注润滑脂。Dual guide taps with grease
⚫ 离合器是否工作可靠 The clutch is working reliably.
2）管道的清洁及更换 Pipeline cleaning and replacement
管道污染后会造成管路堵塞、阀件失灵甚至损坏，容易出现安全事故。因此应当经常保
持管路的清洁，必要时需给予更换。
Contamination of the pipeline will result in blockage of the pipeline, failure of the valve
components, and even damage. It is prone to safety incidents. Therefore, the pipeline should always
be kept clean and replaced when necessary.
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⚫ 修井机移运时，拆开的管路接头必须保护好，扣压软管的敞口必须用干净的布料等包
括好，金属管线的敞口均需要用软木塞质物堵死或包括好。When the workover rig is
moved, the disconnected pipe joints must be well protected. The opening of the crimping
hoses must be covered with clean fabrics. The metal pipe openings must be plugged or
covered with cork material.
⚫ 管线安装前须用压缩空气清扫管道，将污物清理干净后再连接管线。 Before installing the
pipeline, clean the pipeline with compressed air and clean the dirt before connecting the
pipeline.
⚫ 塑料快插气管在拆卸时一定要用一只手按下止松垫，另外一只手拔出塑料管。塑料
管在多次拆装后，应将塑料气管的前端变形处剪去，再插入接头体内，否则，可能
会造成密封不严而漏气。When the plastic quick-insertion pipe is removed, it must be
pressed with one hand to stop the loose pad and the other hand to pull out the plastic pipe.
After the plastic tube is dismantled several times, the deformation of the front end of the
plastic tube should be cut off and then inserted into the joint body. Otherwise, leakage may
be caused by loose seal.
3）气控元件故障的处理 Treatment of air-controlled component faults
当发现气控元件动作有误或失灵等故障时，不应随便拆开阀件。由于造成阀件故障的原
因很多，有时并不一定是阀件本身的原因，可能是由于气路管线堵塞或气压太低引起的。故
遇到此故障时，先不要随便拆开气控元件。处理方法为：先参照气控原理图确定故障的部位，
然后分段检查（先检查控制气路，分段打开气接头，检查通气情况），如控制气路畅通，再检
查工作气路。将阀的出气口管线脱开，检查通气情况，如不畅通，检查阀的进气管线，如畅
通，则证明阀件有问题，方可打开阀件进行维修。一般情况下，先用备用阀将有问题的阀件
换下，再查清换下来的阀件毛病，保证修井工作的正常进行。
When the malfunction of the air control element or the failure of the air control element is
found, the valve element should not be disassembled. Due to the many causes of failure of the valve
member, it is not always the reason for the valve member itself. It may be due to a clogged air line
or a low air pressure. Therefore, when you encounter this failure, do not open the air control
element. The treatment method is as follows: First, determine the fault location by referring to the
air control principle diagram, and then perform sectional inspection (first check the control gas path,
and open the gas connection in stages and check the ventilation condition). If the control of the gas
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path is smooth, check the working gas path. The valve outlet port line off, check the ventilation
condition, if not clear, check the valve's intake line, such as unblocked, then prove that the valve has
problems, can open the valve for maintenance. Under normal circumstances, use the spare valve to
replace the valve with the problem, and then check the valve replacement problems to ensure the
normal workover work.
当打完一口井后或经过一段时间（最长不超过三个月）后，应对整个空气系统进行一次
维护保养，全面检查易损件的情竞，做到及时更换和清洗，避免阀件在不正常的状态下工作。
After the completion of a well or after a period of time (maximum of no more than three
months), the entire air system shall be maintained once and thoroughly, and the situation of wearing
parts shall be inspected in a comprehensive manner so that timely replacement and cleaning can be
performed to avoid the valve parts being Not working properly.
4.7 游车大钩维护与保养 Traveling block maintenance and repair
4.7.1. 润滑 Lubrication
1）润滑点 Lubrication points

⚫ 游动滑车滑轮轴端的黄油嘴；Move the pulley end of the pulley to the grease nipple.
⚫ 钩筒侧面制动器上的黄油嘴；The grease nipple on the side brake of the hook.
⚫ 钩筒内主轴承及弹簧；Hook barrel main bearing and spring.
⚫ 钩体支承销端部的黄油嘴；The hook body supports the grease nipple at the end of the pin.
⚫ 钩体与吊环或水龙头提环接触表面及各滑轮绳槽表面。The hook body is in contact with the
surface of the lifting ring or the tap ring and the surface of each pulley rope groove.
2）润滑周期 Lubrication cycle
⚫ 各滚动轴承及钩体支承销处每 150 小时加一次润滑脂；Grease is applied every 150 hours at
each rolling bearing and the hook support pin.
⚫ 钩筒内主轴承和制动器每 150 小时加注一次润滑油或润滑脂。The main bearings and brakes
in the hooks are filled with oil or grease every 150 hours.
⚫ 滑轮绳槽、钩体各工作接触表面每 8 小时刷涂一次润滑脂。Grease is applied every 8 hours
on each working contact surface of the pulley rope groove and hook body.
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4.7.2．常见故障及排除方法 Common faults and troubleshooting methods.
1）游车大钩的常见故障及排除方法 Common faults and troubleshooting methods.

可能原因 Possible 排除方法 Method of
序号 Item 故障 Fault
Causes exclusion
1.油道堵死、缺油 Oil
滑轮发热或不转 The road blocked, lack of 1.清洗、加油 Cleaning,
1 pulley is hot or not oil. refueling
turning. 2.轴承损坏 Bearing 2.换轴承 Change
damage
1.弹簧疲劳松弛或折
弹簧行程不足或回不断 Spring fatigue is 1.换弹簧 Change
2 去 Insufficient spring loose or broken 2.检查修理 Check and
travel or return. 2. 内部有卡阻 repair
Internal resistance
1.缺油 lack of oil. 1.加油 refueling
大钩转动不灵活或卡 2.更换 change
2.轴承损坏 Bearing 3.检查修理 check and
3 死 Hook turns
damage repair
inflexible or stuck
3. 内部有卡阻
Internal resistance
1.卡死 resistance
大钩制动装置失效 1.修理 repair
4 2. 弹簧损坏 Spring
Hook brake failure 2.更换 change
damage
钩口安全锁紧装置失
弹簧损坏 Spring
5 灵 Hook safety 更换 change
damage
locking device failure
2）检验和维护 check and maintenance
对于投入使用的大钩，必须进行定期的检验和维护并做好相关记录，以确保设备的安全
使用，避免设备及人身事故的发生。
For the big hooks that are put into use, regular inspections and maintenance must be carried
out and related records must be kept to ensure the safe use of equipment and avoid equipment and
personal accidents.
游车大钩检查检验项目及检验周期表 Traveling block inspection items and inspection periodical
table
项目 Item 位置 Parts 周期 Period
对设备运行中出现性能设备各部外表 Equipment department 八小时
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R
不满足要求迹象的观察 appearance Every 8 hours

Observe that the
performance does not
meet the requirements of
the equipment during
operation.
腐蚀、变形、松动或脱落、连接螺纹各部；各承载销；钩体主钩、每周
损坏、可见表面裂纹的检副钩与提环、吊环接触部位；滑轮绳槽 Every week
查和调整 corrosion 表面，锁紧臂及月牙锁臂。Connection
deformation, loosening or thread parts; each carrying pin; hook
detachment, damage, body main hook, vice hook and ring, ring
inspection and adjustment contact parts; pulley rope groove surface,
of visible surface cracks. locking arm and crescent lock arm.
表面无损探伤、磨损检验主钩、副钩及两者与钩体联结部位；钩每半年
Surface non-destructive 杆和钩体连接销孔部位；滑轮绳槽表面 6 mouths
testing, wear inspection The main hook, the auxiliary hook, and
the hooking part of both the hook body;
the hook rod and the hook body are
connected to the pin hole part; the surface
of the pulley rope groove.
超声波或射线检验应无主钩、副钩及两者与钩体联结部位；钩每年
内部缺陷 ultrasonic or 杆和钩体连接销孔部位；钩杆主轴承安 Every year
radiographic inspections 装部位。The main hook, the auxiliary
should have no internal hook, and the hooking part of both the
defects hook body; the hook rod and the hook
body are connected to the pin hole part;
the main bearing installation part of the
hook rod.
按照 API SPEC 8A 要求，新的和修复的滑轮和滚筒槽底半径见下图表：In accordance with API

SPEC 8A requirements, the new and repaired pulley and bowl bottom radiuses are shown in the
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BF
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chart below:
槽底面直径Dt
钻井和下套管绳用滑轮
注意：对大钩的检验、维护、修复必须按照 SY/T 6357-1998 提升设备的检验、

维护、修理和修复程序及 SY/T 6100-1994 石油钻采设备使用与维护两个标准执行。
Note: The inspection, maintenance and repair of the big hook must be carried out in
accordance with the SY/T 6357 lifting equipment inspection, maintenance, repair and repair
procedures and the SY/T 6100 oil drilling equipment use and maintenance standards.
新的和修复的滑轮和滚筒槽底半径 the new and repaired pulley and bowl bottom radiuses
钢丝绳公称直径 Wire line 最小槽底半径 Min. 最大槽底半径 Max. groove bottom
nominal diameter groove bottom radius radius
in mm in mm in mm
0.250 6.5 0.134 3.40 0.138 3.51
0.313 8 0.167 4.24 0.172 4.37
0.375 9.5 0.199 5.05 0.206 5.23
0.438 11 0.232 5.89 0.241 6.12
0.500 13 0.265 6.73 0.275 6.99
0.563 14.5 0.298 7.57 0.309 7.85
0.625 16 0.331 8.41 0.344 8.74
0.750 19 0.398 10.11 0.413 10.49
0.875 22 0.464 11.79 0.481 12.22
1.000 26 0.530 13.46 0.550 13.97
1.125 29 0.596 15.14 0.619 15.72
1.250 32 0.663 16.84 0.688 17.48
1.375 35 0.729 18.52 0.756 19.20
1.500 38 0.795 20.19 0.825 20.96
1.625 42 0.861 21.87 0.894 22.71
86
1.750 45 0.928 23.57 0.963 24.46

1.875 48 0.994 25.25 1.031 26.19
2.000 52 1.060 26.92 1.100 27.94
2.125 54 1.126 28.60 1.169 29.69
2.250 58 1.193 30.30 1.238 31.45
2.375 60 1.259 31.98 1.306 33.17
2.500 64 1.325 33.66 1.375 34.93
2.625 67 1.391 35.33 1.444 36.68
2.750 71 1.458 37.03 1.513 38.43
2.875 74 1.524 38.71 1.581 40.16
3.000 77 1.590 40.39 1.650 41.91
3.125 80 1.656 42.06 1.719 43.66
3.250 83 1.723 43.76 1.788 45.42
3.375 86 1.789 45.44 1.856 47.14
3.500 90 1.855 47.12 1.925 48.89
3.750 96 1.988 50.50 2.063 52.40
4.000 103 2.120 53.85 2.200 55.88
4.250 109 2.253 57.23 2.338 59.39
4.500 115 2.385 60.58 2.475 62.87
4.750 122 2.518 63.96 2.613 66.37
5.000 128 2.650 67.31 2.750 69.85
5.250 135 2.783 70.69 2.888 73.36
5.500 141 2.915 74.04 3.025 76.84
5.750 148 3.048 77.42 3.163 80.34
6.000 154 3.180 80.77 3.300 83.82
注：对于表中未列的直径大于 0.375in(9.5mm)的钢丝，槽底半径按下式计算 For steel
wires with diameters greater than 0.375 in (9.5 mm) not listed in the table, the groove bottom
radius is calculated as follows：
最小的新的磨损半径=公称钢丝绳半径+6%
The MIN new wear radius = nominal wire rope radius +6%
最大的磨损半径=公称钢丝绳半径+10%
The Max. new wear radius = nominal wire rope radius +10%
4.8 维护保养与故障排除 Maintenance and troubleshooting
4.8.1．润滑 Lubrication
伞齿轮副、所有轴承是用油池内的油飞溅润滑。润滑油用重负荷齿轮油,每两个月更换
一次润滑油。The bevel gear pair and all bearings are lubricated with oil splashes in the oil sump.
Lubricants use heavy-duty gear oil, change the lubricant every two months.
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BF
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锁紧装置上的销轴是用油枪注入锂基润滑脂，每周一次。The pin on the locking device is
a grease gun to inject lithium grease once a week.
4.8.2．故障排除 Troubleshooting
常见故障分析一览表 Common Failure Analysis List
故障现象
故障原因分析 Failure
Fault 排除故障方法 Troubleshooting method
Analysis
phenomenon
1.锁紧装置没有松开 The 松开锁紧装置 Open the locking device

locking device is not released
2.轴承卡死或烧坏 Bearing 更换轴承并加足润滑油. Replace bearings

转盘无法转
stuck or burned and add lubricant
动 Rotate
3.传动齿轮损坏更换齿轮 Replace gear
table cannot
Transmission gear is
turn
damaged
4.前级传动部分故障 Failure 检查前级传动故障 Check the front drive

of the front drive section failure
1. 润滑油不足 Lack of 添加润滑油至油标尺位置 Add
lubricant lubricating oil to oil gauge position

转盘轴承温
2. 润滑油过多 Too much 放掉部分润滑油至油标尺位置 Drain
度过高 The
lubricant some of the lubricant to the oil gauge
bearing
position.
temperature
3.轴承损坏 Bearing damage 更换轴承 Change bearing
is too high
4.润滑油变质 Lubricants 更换润滑油 Change
deteriorate
转盘漏油 1.密封件损坏 Damaged seal 更换密封件 Change
Rotate table 2.轴套磨损 Bush wear 更换轴套 Change
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spill
1.转盘箱体周围泥浆灌满渗清理箱体周围的泥浆 Clean mud around

入迷宫内部 The slurry the tank
转盘进泥浆 around the carousel box was
Rotate table filled and penetrated inside
into mud the maze.
2.零件损坏. Damaged parts 查找并更换或修复损坏零件. Finding and

replacing or repairing damaged parts
转盘齿轮啮齿轮轴向或径向间隙没调整增加或减少调整垫片 Increase or decrease

合声音异常、好. Gear axial or radial adjustment shim
噪音大 clearance is not adjusted.
Rotary gear
meshing
abnormal
sound and
noise
请说明故障原因 Please 与工厂技术部门联系，共同排除故障

其它 Other explain the cause of the Contact the factory's technical department
malfunction. to troubleshoot the problem.
4.9、转盘箱的维护与保养 ZPX maintenance and repair
4.9.1．检查与维护 Check and maintenance
转盘箱应保持干净，以便于检查。在做好清洁工作的基础上，应检查各部弹簧垫圈是否
裂损，螺栓与螺母是否松动，油管有无破损、漏油现象，必要时予以更换。同时检查挂合操
作装置是否灵敏，发现问题及时修复或更换。每班前要检查润滑油箱的油平面是否正常。
Rotary box should be kept clean for inspection. On the basis of doing a good job of cleaning,
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BF
XJ350
check whether the spring washers of each part are cracked, whether the bolts and nuts are loose,
whether there is any damage to the oil pipes, oil leakage, and if necessary, replace them. At the
same time, check whether the coupling operation device is sensitive, and if any problems are
discovered, repair or replace it in time. Check the oil level of the oil tank before each groups.
注意：在检查油位时，折卸油管之前，应先将油管端部周围擦拭干净，防
止灰尘或异物进入油池，否则将引起传动箱内的部件过度磨损或油路堵塞。检查
后应及时增加或减少油池的油量。Note: When inspecting the oil level, clean the area
around the end of the tubing before disassembling the tubing to prevent dust or foreign
matter from entering the pool. This can result in excessive wear of components or
blockage of the oil in the transmission case. After the inspection, the amount of oil in
the oil pool should be increased or decreased in time.
转盘箱每工作 1000 小时后应进行一次全面检查保养，要求检查各紧固件、连接件有无松动，

操作系统是否灵活，润滑系统是否通畅。After every 1000 hours of work, the carousel should
undergo a full inspection and maintenance. It is required to check whether the fasteners and
connectors are loose, whether the operating system is flexible, and whether the lubrication system is
smooth.
转盘箱的工作状况，可以通过作业时判断，应无异常的响声，无自动跳挂挡或挂合困难
等现象，否则应进一步拆盖维修。The working condition of the rotary box can be judged through
the operation, there should be no abnormal noise, no automatic jumping or hanging difficulties,
otherwise it should be further demolished and repaired.
转盘箱的润滑可以提高齿轮和轴承的传动效率和使用寿命，确保传动箱的正常运转。
Lubrication of the turntable box can improve the transmission efficiency and service life of gears
and bearings, and ensure the normal operation of the gearbox.
1）转盘的润滑油要求粘度大，油性好，低温时容易流动，高温时能保持油膜。Lubricants
on turntables require high viscosity, good oiliness, easy flow at low temperatures, and oil film
retention at high temperatures.
2）转盘箱润滑系统的换油周期与当地的环境条件、操作条件以及负荷的循环条件有关。
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一般情况下，第一次使用的传动箱工作 300 小时后应换一次油，以后每工作 1000 小时换一次

油，在大修或检修后都要重新换一次油。当油有污染的现象，如油温升高、有重的异味或根
据油质分析发现油品有问题都应及时更换润滑油。
The oil change interval of the lubrication system of the turntable box is related to the local
environmental conditions, operating conditions and the cyclic conditions of the load. Under normal
circumstances, the first use of the transmission box should be changed once after 300 hours of
operation, and the oil should be changed once every 1000 hours of operation. After the major repair
or overhaul, the oil should be changed again. When the oil is contaminated, such as an elevated oil
temperature, a heavy odor, or a problem with the oil according to the analysis of the oil, the oil
should be promptly replaced.
3）润滑方式 Lubrication method
转盘箱采用注油润滑与飞溅润滑两种方式. Rotary box using oil lubrication and splash

lubrication in two ways.
注意：注入润滑油箱的润滑油，必须绝对清洁，必须用干净的容器和注油器，防止异
物进入箱体. Note: Lubricant injected into the lubricant tank must be absolutely clean. A clean
container and oiler must be used to prevent foreign matter from entering the tank.
4.10 FDX140D-00 分动箱的维护与保养 FDX140D maintenance and repair
4.10.1．检查与保养 Check and maintenance
1）每工作 100 小时检查项目 Check items every 100 hours of work

分动箱油面高度是否正常 The transfer case oil level is normal.
⚫ 根据润滑保养规定，按期加注润滑脂。Lubricate grease on schedule according to the
lubrication maintenance regulations.
⚫ 检查外部各紧固件及连接件是否松动 Check for looseness of external fasteners and
connectors.
这时应进行一次全面检查 A full inspection should be conducted at this time.
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BF
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⚫ 根据润滑保养规定，按期加注润滑脂。Lubricate grease on schedule according to the
lubrication maintenance regulations.
⚫ 当轴承发热温升超过环境温度 40℃时，或发出噪声或滑轮不稳和抖动，应查找原因，
更换润滑脂或更换磨损的轴承。When the temperature rise of the bearing exceeds the
ambient temperature of 40 °C, or noise or pulley instability and jitter, should find the
cause, replace the grease or replace the worn bearing.
⚫ 打开箱体上面盖板，检查箱体内部的齿轮磨损情况及各紧固件是否有松动现象.
Open the top cover of the box and check the internal gear wear of the box and whether
the fasteners are loose.
⚫ 在检查的同时，应对其它的零、部件进行保养，发现损坏及磨损严重的零、部件应
及时更换. At the same time as the inspection, other parts should be maintained, and the
damaged and worn parts should be promptly replaced.
1) 换油周期：Oil change cycle

⚫ 第一次工作 300 小时换油 First time 300 hours oil change
⚫ 以后每工作 1000 小时换油 After every 1000 hours of oil change.
⚫ 大修或检修后应重新换油 After major repair or overhaul, oil should be changed again
4.11、SL110 水龙头的维护和保养（选配时） SL110 maintenance and repair（IF SELETED）
参见《SL110 水龙头使用说明书》
More detail, please refer to Operation and maintenance manual for SL110.
4.12、气控系统的维修保养 Pneumatic maintenance and repair
4.12.1．空气管线的维修保养 Air line maintenance and repair
保持管道清洁，如有污物、杂质进入气管线内会造成气动元件堵塞失灵，引起严重后果。
特别在钻机拆搬移运时，对拆开的管路、接头必须保护、封口。管线安装前应用压缩空气吹
净。
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Keep the pipeline clean, if there is dirt, impurities into the gas pipeline will cause the
pneumatic components to plug the malfunction, causing serious consequences. Especially when the
rig is removed and transported, the dismantled pipelines and joints must be protected and sealed.
Apply compressed air before installing the pipeline.
4.12.2．各种阀件的维修保养 Maintenance of various valve parts
当发现气控元件动作有误或失灵时，有时并不一定是阀件本身的原因，可能是由于气路
管线堵塞或气压太低引起的。故遇到此故障时，先不要随便拆开气控元件。处理方法为：先
参照气控原理图确定故障的部位，然后分段检查（先检查控制气路，分段打开气接头，检查
通气情况）
，如控制气路畅通，再检查工作气路。将阀的出气口管线脱开，检查通气情况，如
不畅通，检查阀的进气管线，如畅通，则证明阀件有问题，方可打开阀件进行维修。一般情
况下，先用备用阀将有问题的阀件换下，再查清换下来的阀件毛病，保证修井工作的正常进行。
When it is found that the air control element is malfunctioning or malfunctioning, sometimes it
is not necessarily the cause of the valve element itself. It may be caused by a blockage in the gas
line or a low air pressure. Therefore, when you encounter this failure, do not open the air control
element. The treatment method is as follows: First, determine the fault location by referring to the
air control principle diagram, and then perform sectional inspection (first check the control gas path,
and open the gas connection in stages and check the ventilation condition). If the control of the gas
path is smooth, check the working gas path. The valve outlet port line off, check the ventilation
condition, if not clear, check the valve's intake line, such as unblocked, then prove that the valve has
problems, can open the valve for maintenance. Under normal circumstances, use the spare valve to
replace the valve with the problem, and then check the valve replacement problems to ensure the
normal workover work.
各安全阀至少每月检查一次其设定值是否变动。
Each safety valve is checked at least once a month to see if its set value changes.
当修井机打完一口井或经过三个月使用后，应对整个空气系统进行一次维护保养。
When the workover rig finishes a well or after three months of use, the entire air system should
be maintained.
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BF
XJ350
4.12.3．其它部件的维修保养 Maintenance of other parts
储气罐的排污阀每个月应当打开一次，及时排出罐内的油、水及其它杂质。
The drain valve of the gas tank should be opened once a month to drain the oil, water and other
impurities in the tank in time.
储气罐每年应当进行一次彻底地清理工作，最好由压力容器检验部门确认符合安全规定
后再投入使用。
Gas storage tanks should be thoroughly cleaned once a year. It is advisable that the pressure
vessel inspection department confirms compliance with the safety regulations before putting them
into use
94
4.13 修井机的润滑 Lubrication of Workover Rig
润滑点数
序号润滑部位 Lubricating 润滑剂规格 Lubricant No. of
加油周期 Refill cycle 备注 Remark
NO. position specification lubrication
points
绞车机架两侧润滑点 The 复合锂基润滑脂 WBG2
Compound Lithium base 工作时加注 Filling
1 lubrication points on the two 8 每班 Every group
grease WBG2 during operation
sides of the drawworks frame
双导龙头 Double-guide 3 号锂基润滑脂 Lithium base 工作时加注 Filling
2 grease 3# 4 每班 Every group
faucet during operation
刹车操纵系统 Brake control 复合锂基润滑脂 WBG2 工作时加注 Filling
3 8 每班 Every group
system during operation
3 号锂基润滑脂 Lithium base
5 天车 Crown block 4 每天 Every day
grease 3#
3 号锂基润滑脂 Lithium base 每起放一次井架 Each
起升液缸销轴 Pin roll of the grease 3#
6 4 time lifting and
lifting liquid cylinder
dropping the mast
8 传动轴 Transmission shaft 30 每班 Every group
grease 3#
3 号锂基润滑脂 Lithium base 每起放一次井架 Each
伸缩缸扶正器 Telescoping grease 3#
9 8 time lifting and
cylinder stabilizer
dropping the mast
10 游车大钩 Traveling block 3 每班 Every group
grease 3#
11 手推行车 Hand pushing a car 4 每班 Every group
grease 3#
95
DFXK PETROLEUM MACHINERY CO.,LTD XJ350
承载块销轴 Pin shaft for 3 号锂基润滑脂 Lithium base 每起放一次井架 Each
12 grease 3# 2
loading block time lifting the mast
13 液压绞车 Hydraulic winch 2 每班 Every group
grease 3#
液压绞车滑轮 Hydraulic 3 号锂基润滑脂 Lithium base
winch pulley
15 导向滑轮 Guide pulley 4 每班 Every group
grease 3#
防喷器移动导轨 BOP Move 3 号锂基润滑脂 Lithium base
Rail
17 水刹车 Water break 4 每班 Every group
grease 3#
18 上端链条盒 Upper chain box 4 每班 Every group
grease 3#
油品规格 Specification of the oil 润

夏季 Summer 冬季 winter 加油周
序润滑部位滑
粘度粘度期推荐油品品牌
号 Lubrication 规格代码点
等级规格代码等级 Refill Recommended Brand
No position Specification and 数
Viscosity Specification and code Viscosity cycle
code Level Level
重负荷工业齿轮油
重负荷工业齿轮油
GL_—5
分动箱 85W/90 GL_—5 75W/90 3
1 Heavy load 1 长城、南海、七星等
Transfer case (SAE) Heavy load industrial (SAE) mouths
industrial gear oil
gear oil GL—5
GL—5
96
输入输出链
条盒 Input 6
2 and output 3
mouths
chain box 液压油 L-HL
Mobil SHC 526
Common hydraulic 32(ISO) 海牌、南海、长城、飞天
上端链条箱 oil
6
3 Upper chain 2
mouths
box
重负荷工业齿轮油重负荷工业齿轮油
GL_—5 85W/90 GL_—5 75W/90 3
4 转盘箱 ZPX 1 长城、南海、七星等
Heavy load industrial (SAE) Heavy load industrial (SAE) mouths
gear oil GL—5 gear oil GL—5
重负荷工业齿轮油重负荷工业齿轮油
转盘 Rotate L—CKD L—CKD 3
5 220(ISO) 220(ISO) 1 长城、南海、七星等
table Heavy load industrial Heavy load industrial mouths
gear oil L-CKD gear oil L-CKD
变矩器 6
6 C4 hydraulic oil 1 美孚、埃索、道达尔等
Transmission mouths
液压系统海牌、长城、南海、飞天、七
L—HM antiwear Mobil SHC 526 3 星等
7 Hydraulic 68(ISO) 1
hydraulic oi mouths
system 飞天
发动机 Diesel engine oil 15W/40 Diesel engine oil 5W/40 6

8 1 海牌、南海、长城、飞天
Engine CF-4 CG-4 (SAE) GALE-X mouths
97
XJ350
油品使用注意事项 Oil use precautions
1．修井机出厂油品加注状况 Workover rig oil filling status
● 本修井机出厂时，发动机、变矩器、分动箱、角传动箱、链条箱、车桥牙包等部件润滑
系统按常温配置润滑油，修井机运输到用户目的地后，必须按当地温度环境按规定更
换油品。When the workover rig is delivered from the factory, the lubricant system of the
engine, torque converter, transfer case, angle transmission case, chain case, axle bridge bag,
etc. is configured with normal temperature lubricant. After the workover rig is transported to
the user's destination, the oil must be replaced according to the local temperature
environment.
● 液压系统及转向油箱配备常温耐磨液压油，修井机运输到用户目的地后，必须按当地温
度环境按规定更换油品。The hydraulic system and the steering oil tank are equipped with
normal-temperature wear-resistant hydraulic oil. After the workover rig is transported to the
user's destination, the oil must be replaced according to the local temperature environment.
● 大钳液压站出厂前油以放空，修井机运输到用户目的地后，必须按当地温度环境按规定
加注油品 The tong hydraulic station is empty before leaving the factory. After the workover
rig is transported to the user's destination, the oil must be replaced according to the local
temperature environment.
2．修井机在安装完毕、启用运转前，分别按警示提示加注油品，加注量以液面计高位为准。
Before the workover rig is installed and the operation is enabled, the oil is added according to
the warning prompts, and the filling amount is based on the high level of the level gauge.
警告：不按上述要求操作，可能造成设备不能正常工作或引发严重后果。
Warning: Failure to comply with the above requirements may result in equipment failure or
serious consequences
注意：表中的油品牌号仅供参考，用户要根据不同使用地区环境、温度的差
异进行调整。Note: The oil brand number in the table is for reference only. The user
should adjust it according to the difference of the environment and temperature in
different use areas.
4.14、修井机主机常见故障 Common failure of the rig
修井机主机常见故障是指正常运转中出现的异常现象，对此应引起高度重视，任何一点
疏忽都可能造成不必要的损失。常见故障及相应的排除方法简介见下表，供用户参考，其它
部件的常见故障及排除方法请参阅其它随机使用说明书或用户手册。
98
The common failure of the rig means the abnormal phenomena during the normal operation, which
must be attached with great importance. Any neglect may lead to unnecessary losses. The common
failures and the corresponding removal method are shown in the following table for the reference of
the user. For the common failures and removal method of other components, please refer to the
attached instruction manual or user manual.
99
部件名称检查及排除方法 Checking and removal
序号
Component 故障症状 Symptom of failure 故障引起原因 Cause of failure method
No.
name
①油泵未挂合
②油泵损坏或内漏严重 ①检查并挂合油泵
③溢流阀卡死处于常开 ②更换或检修油泵
④油位太低 ③检修或更换溢流阀
液路系统无压力或压力过低 No
1. Oil pump not closed ④添加液压油
pressure of low pressure in the
2. Oil pump damaged or severe 1.Check and close the oil pump
liquid passage system
internal leakage 2.Replace or service the oil pump
3. Relief valve blocked to open 3.Service or replace the relief valve
position 4.Add the hydraulic oil
液路系统
4. Low oil level
1 Hydraulic
①无压力 ①同上检查排除方法
system
②系统压力过低 ②同上述检查及排除方法
③控制阀内泄漏 ③检查更换控制阀
④执行机构卡阻 ④检修相应的执行机构
液压执行元件不动作 Hydraulic ⑤胶管断裂 ⑤更换胶管
execution component not acts ⑥油位太低 ⑥加注液压油
⑦液压系统有空气 ⑦液压系统空循环排气
1.No pressure 1.Same as the removal method above
2.System pressure low 2.Same as the removal method above
3.Internal leakage of the control 3.Check and replace the control valve
100
valve 4.Service the corresponding execution

4.Execution mechanism blocked mechanism
5.Rubber pipe broken 5.Replace the rubber pipe
6.Low oil level 6.Add the hydraulic oil
7.Air in the hydraulic system 7.Idle loop of the hydraulic system to
remove the air
①空压机工作不正常
①检修或更换空压机
②调压阀失灵
②检修或更换调压阀
③管线破裂
③更换管线
④系统压力低
系统无压力或压力低 ④调整调压阀
1.Abnormal operation of the air
No pressure or low pressure 1.Service or replace the air compressor
compressor
2.Service or replace relief valve
气路系统 2.Relief valve failure
3.Replace the pipeline
2 Pneumatic 3.Pipeline broken
4.Adjust the relief valve
system 4.Low system pressure
①压力表指针指示不正常 ①更换压力表
②系统无压力或压力低 ②同上述检查及排除方法
执行机构不工作
③气控阀损坏 ③检修或更换相应气控阀
Execution mechanism not
④管线、气囊破裂 ④更换管线、气囊
working
1.The pressure gauge finger 1.Replace the pressure gauge
abnormal 2.Same as the removal method above
101
2.No system pressure or low system 3.Service or replace the corresponding air
pressure control valve
3.Air control valve damaged 4.Replace the pipeline and air bag
4.Pipeline and air bag broken
分动箱无动力输出 No output ① 摘挂装置失灵 ①检修摘挂装置

② 齿轮卡阻或损坏 ②检修或更换齿轮
1.Malfunction of the clutch 1.To repair clutch
分动箱 2.Damage or damper of the gear 2.To repair or replace gear
Transfer
3
box
① 齿轮间隙大 ①调整齿轮间隙
分动箱异常发响 Abnormal ② 轴承损坏 ②更换轴承
noise 1.large clearance between gears 1.Ajunst clearance between gears
2.damage of the gears 2. Replace
①链条断 ①更换链条
②刹车未松开 ②松开刹把、刹车弹簧回位
③气压不足 ③调整气压
④气囊破裂 ④更换气囊
绞车
4 滚筒不转动 Roller not rotating ⑤压板损坏 ⑤更换压板
Drawworks
⑥中间齿盘间隙太大 ⑥重新按要求调整
⑦摩擦片表面有油污 ⑦清理油污并涂松香粉
⑧摩擦片磨损严重 ⑧更换摩擦片
1.Chain broken 1.Replace the chain
102
2.Brake not loosened 2.Loosen the brake crank, the brake spring
3.Insufficient air pressure reset
4.Air bag damaged 3.Adjust the air pressure
5.Hold-down plate damaged 4.Replace the air bag
6.Too much clearance of the middle 5.Replace the hold-down plate
fluted disc 6.Re-adjust according to the requirement
7.Oil stain on the surface of the 7.Clear the oil stain and coat the roller with
friction disc rosin powder
8.Severe wearing of the friction disc 8.Replace the friction disc
①齿轮卡阻或损坏 ①检修或更换齿轮
②离合器损坏 ②更换离合器
转盘箱无动力输出 No output
1. Damage or damper of the gear 1. To repair or replace gear
转盘箱 2. Damaged clutch 2. Replace clutch
5
ZPX ①齿轮间隙大 ①调整齿轮间隙
转盘箱异常发响 Abnormal ②轴承损坏 ②更换轴承
noise 1.large clearance between gears 1.Ajunst clearance between gears
2.damage of the gears 2. Replace
③气压不够 ①调整气压
④气囊损坏 ②更换气囊
传动系统 ⑤压板损坏 ③更换压板
转盘箱传递扭矩不足 Insufficient
6 Transmissio ⑥离合器间隙大 ④重新调整离合器间隙
torque transmission
n system ⑦摩擦片表面有油污 ⑤清理油污并涂松香
⑧摩擦片损坏严重 ⑥更换摩擦片
1. Insufficient air pressure 1.Adjust air pressure
103
2. Airbag damage 2.Replace airbag
3. Pressure plate damage 3.Replace pressure plate
4. Large clutch clearance 4.Adjust clutch clearance
5. Friction surface oily 5.Clean up oil and coat with rosin
6. The friction plate is seriously 6.Replace the friction plate
damaged.
①刹带与刹车毂间隙过大 ①调整刹带与刹间隙
②刹车活端调整不好 ②调整刹车活端
③刹车块磨损严重 ③更换刹车块
绞车刹车系刹车失灵 Brake failure 1.Too large clearance between the 1.Adjust the brake band and brake clearance
brake band and brake hub 2.Adjust the brake live end
统
2.Improper adjustment of the brake live 3.Replace the brake block
Brake end
7
system of 3.Severe wearing of the brake block
the ①刹带与刹车毂间隙太小 ①调整刹带与刹车毂间隙 3~5mm
drawworks ②游动系统卡阻 ②检查排除卡阻现象
大钩下放困难 Difficult to drop
1.Too small clearance between the 1.Adjust the clearance between the brake
the hook brake band and brake hub band and brake hub for 3~5mm
2.Hook system blocked
2.Check and remove the blocking
①防爆开关未打开 ①打开防爆开关
照明系统
照明系统工作不正常 Lighting ②防爆插销未插牢 ②插牢防爆插销
8 Light
system is not working properly ③灯泡损坏 ③更换灯泡
System
④照明电路断路 ④更换电缆或电线
104
1. Explosion-proof switch is not open 1. Open explosion-proof switch

2. Explosion-proof plug is not inserted 2. Plug in explosion-proof plug
3. Lamp damage 3. Change lamp
4. Circuit breaker 4. Change line
105

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XJ350 修井机

额定负荷小于 2250kN 提升与旋转钻井设备系列。

Normalized operation pay attention to safety

Part One Overview of Workover Rig

1.1 修井机组成 Workover Rig composition

1.2 修井机主要参数 Technical Specification

1.2.1 修井机基本参数 The basic parameters of workover rig

1.2.2 主要部件性能参数 Main part specification

离合器型号 Clutch Model 轴向推盘式 ATD224

Tire (customer chooses to use single or double tire)

Hub type 14-20 8.5-20

1.3 修井机传动路径 Driving Path

① 利用单机组动力完成游动系统提升下放钻具作业 Single engine unit compound box is

Engine +Transmission Transmission Shaft Transmission shafe

adopted to finish rotating work.

③ 利用单机组完成道路行驶工况 Single engine unit compound box is adopted to finish

Front Driving Axles

利用单机组动力完成捞砂滚筒作业 Single engine unit compound box is adopted to finish

Transmission shaft Transmission shaft

Workover rig parts technology

2.1 动力机组 Power Unit

XJ350 修井机的动力机组配置为一台发动机和一台传动箱。The power unit of the XJ350

2.1.1 发动机 Engine

（详细参数及使用操作规程见康明斯发动机说明书）。Please refer to operation and

2.1.2 传动箱 Transmission

Allison 4700 系列变速箱由液力变矩器和行星齿轮传动箱组成。修井作业时，司钻通过

（详细参数及使用操作规程见 Allison 4700 系列变速箱使用说明书）More detail, please refer to

Operation and maintenance manual for ALLISON4700 hydraulic transmission.

2.1.3 绞车系统 Drawworks System

2.1.4 分动箱 Transfer case

2.1.5 角传动箱 Angle gear box

角传动箱的详细使用说明与注意事项等见《JCX90C 角传动箱使用说明书》More detail, please

2.1.6 转盘传动装置 Transmission rotate table

2.1.7 XDP50B/10×8 运载车 Carrier

名称 Name 50 吨运载车 Truck of 50T.

驱动型式 Drive way 10×8

2.1.8 井架系统 Mast system

2.1.9 天车 Crown Block

2.1.10 传动系统 Transfer System

2.1.11 液路系统 Hydraulic system

系统压力 System pressure 14MPa

伸缩缸 Telescoping cylinder:

（详细参数及使用操作规程见主机液路使用说明书）More detail, please refer to Operation and

2.1.12 气路系统 Pneumatic System.

<2>．捞砂滚筒控制回路 The sand drum control loop

2.1.14 游车大钩 Traveling block

（详细参数及使用操作规程见游车大钩使用说明书）。More detail, please refer to Operation

2.1.13 照明系统 lighting system

照明系统用电为 220V（380）/50Hz 或 110（460）V/60Hz 采用一箱多控方式。电

PART 3 The operating requirement and regulation

本章简要介绍了 XJ350 修井机的使用要求及操作规程。为确保设备安全，运转及操作人

3.1 移运前的准备 Operation before the drive.

3.1.1 检查项目 Check item.

注意：充气时，轮胎气压不得高过这个压力值。 Note: When inflated, the tire

12. 检查驾驶室各阀件是否处于中位。换档阀是否处于空档位 Check whether each valve

3.1.2 发动机的操作 Engine operation

Engine water Finger in green area or 70～93℃

发动机加速运转，挂档加载。Note: When the engine runs without load, note sound,

rig for engine and transmission operation specification.

3.1.3 冬季使用 Use in winter

anti-coagulant device in pneumatic system(suggested to apply this below 0℃）。

3.1.4 主机的移运 The rig movement

1．主机在正常道路行驶时，采用 10×4 驱动，挂合分动箱向后桥传动的手柄。

3. 井架起放和伸缩前，均须摘开井架照明电路防爆开关。 It must pull out the

D．待井架放倒至前支架约 200~300mm 时，减慢下放速度，使井架头枕缓慢落在前支

警告：风力在 4 级以上，应停止起放井架，井架起升后不得移动液压支腿。

1）常规检查维护项目 Routine inspection maintenance project

3）钢结构上的各构件不允许钻孔和割孔，或进行任何焊接。Each member on the steel

1）班维护检查作业项目 Groups maintenance inspection work item.

1）班维护检查作业项目：Groups maintenance inspection work items.

1）班维护检查作业项目：Groups maintenance inspection work items.

4.3.1．循环系统 Circulatory system

(1) 根据润滑保养规定，按期加注润滑脂。According to the lubrication maintenance

4.5.1．应避免骤然加载与卸载 Avoid sudden loading and unloading

4.6.1．绞车的日常检查及维修保养 The daily inspection and maintenance of the doawworks