Tutorial 2 – Three Phase Circuits

1. What types of connections are possible for three-phase generators and loads?

i. Star / wye
ii. Delta /mesh

2. What is meant by the term “balanced” in a balanced three phase system?

Balanced means all the three phase loads have same magnitude and angle.

3. What is the relationship between phase and line voltages and currents in a wye
connection?

• The line current equal to phase current IL = Iø

• The line voltage equal to phase voltage times the square root of 3, 𝑉𝐿𝐿 = √3 𝑉∅

4. What is the relationship between phase and line voltages and currents in a delta
connection?
𝐼𝐿 = √3𝐼∅
𝑉𝐿𝐿 = 𝑉∅

5. What is phase sequence?

Phase sequence is the order in which the voltage in individual phase peak.

6. What is a Y–Δ transform?

A technique for transforming certain resistor combination that cannot be handled by the
series and parallel equation.

7. A 4157-Vrms, three-phase supply is applied to a balanced Y-connected three-phase

load consisting of three identical impedances of 4836.87 Ω. Taking the phase to
neutral voltage Van as reference, calculate
a) The phasor currents in each line

𝑉𝐿𝐿 = √3𝑉∅ 𝐼𝑏 = 5036.87 + (−120)

𝑉𝐿𝐿 =50-156.87
𝑉∅ =
√3
4157
= 3
√ 𝐼𝑐 = 5036.87 + (−240)
= 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟎 =50-276.87˚ A
𝑉∅
𝐼𝑎 = 𝑧
2400
= 4836.87Ω
=5036.87 A
 b) The total active and reactive power supplied to the load
𝑠 = 3𝐼 2 𝑧
𝑠 = 3(50)2 (4836.87)
𝑠 = 288𝑘 + 𝑗 216 𝑘𝑉𝑎

𝑃 = 288𝐾𝑊 ,
𝑄 = 216𝐾𝑣𝑎𝑟

8. A balanced delta connected load of 15 + j18 Ω per phase is connected at the end of
a three-phase line as shown below. The line impedance is 1 + j2 Ω per phase. The
line-to-line voltage of 207.85-V rms. Taking Van as reference, determine the
following:

a)Current in phase a
b) Total complex power supplied from the source
c) Magnitude of the line-to-line voltage at the load terminal

𝑍∅ = 15 + 𝑗18
= 23.43 < 50.19°
𝑍𝑎 = 1 + 𝑗2
= √5 < 63.43°
𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉∅ = 207.85 v

𝒁∅
a) 𝒁𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 = 𝟑

15 + 𝑗18
𝑍𝐿 =
3
= 5 + 𝑗6 Ω
𝒗
𝑰=
𝒁𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 + 𝒁𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅
207.85
𝐼=
(1 + 𝑗2) + (5 + 𝑗6)
= 7.2 − 𝑗9.6𝐴
= 12 < −53.13°𝐴

b) 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 3𝑉∅ 𝐼∅
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 3( 120 < 0) (12 < −53.13°)
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 2592.006 − 3455.99
= 4320 < −53.13°𝑉𝐴)
 c) 𝑽∅𝑳 = 𝑰∅𝑳 𝒁∅𝑳
𝑉∅𝐿 = (7.2 − 𝑗9.6)(5 + 𝐽6)
𝑉∅𝐿 = 93.6 − 𝑗4.8
= 93.72 < −2.93°

𝑽𝑳𝑳 = √𝟑(𝑽∅ )
𝑉𝐿𝐿 = √3(93.72)
= 162.33𝑉

9. Based on figure shown below, determine

a)Phase voltage and currents in load 1 and 2. [239.6 V, 139.12-25.84˚ A, 415 V, 75.6-
31.79˚ A]

Load 1: Load 2:
𝑽𝑳𝑳 = √𝟑(𝑽∅ )
VLL 𝑽∅𝟐 = 𝟒𝟏𝟓 𝑽
V∅ =
√3
415 𝑃𝐹 = co s 0 . 9
V∅ = 0.8 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
√3 ❖ 𝜽 = 𝟑𝟏. 𝟕𝟗
❖ 𝑽∅ = 𝟐𝟑𝟗. 𝟔 𝑽
𝑷 = 𝟑𝑽∅ 𝑰∅ cos 𝜃
𝑺 = 𝟑𝑽∅ 𝑰∅
𝑠 𝑃
𝐼∅ = 𝐼∅ =
3𝑉∅ 3𝑉∅ 2 cos 𝜃
100𝑘𝑉𝑎 80𝑘
𝐼∅ = 𝐼∅ =
3(239.6) 3(415) cos(31.79)
❖ 𝑰∅ = 𝟏𝟑𝟗. 𝟏𝟐 𝑨 ❖ 𝑰∅ = 𝟕𝟓. 𝟓𝟗𝑨

𝑷𝑭 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
𝑃𝐹 = co𝑠0.9
0.9 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
❖ 𝜽 = 𝟐𝟓. 𝟖𝟒
b) The real, reactive and complex power supplied by the generator when switch S1
is open. [193.8628.72˚ kVA, 170kW, 93.17 kvar]
Load 1: Load 2:
𝑃1 = 𝑆 cos 𝜃
𝑃1 = 100𝐾 cos 25.84 𝑃2 = 80𝑘𝑊
𝑃1 = 90𝑘𝑊
𝑄2 = 𝑃 tan 𝜃
𝑄1 = 𝑆 sin 𝜃 𝑄2 = 80𝑘 tan 31.79
𝑄1 = 100𝑘 sin 25.84 𝑄2 = 49.6𝑘𝑉𝑎𝑟
𝑄1 = 43.6𝑘𝑉𝑎𝑟

𝑃𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 90𝑘 + 80𝑘

= 𝟏𝟕𝟎𝒌𝑾
𝑄𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 43.6𝑘 + 49.6𝑘
= 𝟗𝟑. 𝟐𝒌
𝑠𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 170𝑘 + 𝑗93.2𝑘
= 90𝐾 + 80𝑘
= 𝟏𝟗𝟑. 𝟖𝟔𝟐𝟖. 𝟕𝟐˚ 𝐤𝐕𝐀

c) The real, reactive and complex power supplied by the generator when switch S1
is closed .[60-31.79˚ kVA, 221 kW, 615.6 kvar]
Load 1: Load 2: Load 3:
𝑃1 = 𝑆 cos 𝜃 𝑃1 = 𝑆 cos 𝜃
𝑃1 = 100𝐾 cos 25.84 𝑃2 = 80𝑘𝑊 𝑃1 = 60𝐾 cos 31.79
𝑃1 = 90𝑘𝑊 𝑃1 = 51𝑘𝑊
𝑄2 = 𝑃 tan 𝜃
𝑄1 = 𝑆 sin 𝜃 𝑄2 = 80𝑘 tan 31.79 𝑄3 = 𝑆 sin 𝜃
𝑄1 = 100𝑘 sin 25.84 𝑄2 = 49.6𝑘𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝑄3 = 60𝑘 sin 31.79
𝑄1 = 43.6𝑘𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝑄3 = 31.6𝑘𝑉𝑎𝑟

𝑃𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 90𝑘 + 80𝑘+51k

= 𝟐𝟐𝟏𝒌𝑾
𝑄𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 43.6𝑘 + 49.6𝑘 + 31.6𝑘
= 124.8𝒌
𝑠𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 221𝑘 + 𝑗124.8𝑘
= 253.8𝑘 < 29.45°𝑉𝐴
= 𝟏𝟗𝟑. 𝟖𝟔𝟐𝟖. 𝟕𝟐˚ 𝐤𝐕𝐀