Clarencio Calagos Memorial School of Fisheries

Sta. Margarita, Samar 6709

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Reading comprehension is said to be the heart and goal of reading since the purpose
of it is to gather meaning from the text. A good reader must always see to it that reading
materials is properly understood. Most students can easily read a text but cannot comprehend
its meaning as cited by (Reybergg, 2014). The true backbone of most learning which every
student must master is reading. Everything starts with the written word whether in different
subjects like Science, Mathematics or even Home Economics. More reading is usually
required as subjects in educational ladder become more challenging, Philippine Star (2010).

According to Badilla (2015), reading is a very important subject in the learning

system since it is an indicator which establishes that what is read is understood by the pupils.
Hence, the reading ability of pupils is clear manifestation of learning. In other words, failure
to read and comprehend means that the students also failed to learn. In addition to that, Tizon
(2011) stated that the mother of all study skills is reading, therefore it is one of the most
valuable skills a person can acquire. Reading is a complex process which cannot be taught in
isolation.

Furthermore, only one in every five Filipino students (19.4%) achieved the minimum
proficiency level (Level 2) in Overall Reading Proficiency. The summary of the programme
for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 results stated that reading proficiency is
required for a wide range of human activities, including following instructions in a manual,
determining the who, what, when, where, and why of an event, and communicating with
others for a specific purpose of transaction.

In the Philippines, Department of Education (DepEd) supports Every Child a Reader

Program, which aims to make every Filipino child a reader and a writer at his/her grade level.
The Philippine Informal Reading Inventory (Phil-IRI) used as a classroom-based assessment
tool aims to measure and describe the learners reading performance in both English and
Filipino languages in oral reading, silent reading and listening comprehension. These three
types of assessment aim to determine the learner’s reading profile (DepEd, 2018).

In connection with this, Clarencio Calagos Memorial School of Fisheries (CCMSF)

has not yet conducted a reading test to their Senior High School students that would assess
their comprehension skills in terms of Literal, Inferential, and Evaluative, thus, the needs of
unknown students with low reading comprehension have not been addressed. This is why the
researcher sought to perform a study to determine the level of reading comprehension of the
selected Senior High School students in CCMSF - Grade 11, General Academic Strand
(GAS), and across to the other sections within the Technical-Vocational-Livelihood Track
(TVL).

Senior High School students are expected to have better reading performance. Thus,
the study intends to determine the reading performance of senior high school students. The
data gathered shall serve as one of the bases in planning, designing, and development of the
reading plan in the school to improve the overall school reading performance of learners.

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 Clarencio Calagos Memorial School of Fisheries
Sta. Margarita, Samar 6709
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Conceptual Framework 

 The framework below shows the different factors that affect reading comprehension of the
Grade 12 senior high school students of Clarencio calagos memorial school of fisheries.
The Factors that affect ReadingComprehension1.
 

G12 Senior high Reading

school student. comprehension.

The Factors that affect Reading

Comprehension

Age and Gender

Students Factor

Socioeconomic status 

Environment

Technology

As presented in the framework above, the Grade 12 senior high school students is the
independent variable, reading comprehension is the dependent variable and the different
factors such as age, gender, student factors, socio-economic status, environment and
technology is the intervening variable

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of the study is to assess the level of reading comprehension of Grade 11
Students of Senior High School in Clarencio Calagos Memorial School of Fisheries for the
School Year 2022-2023.
Specifically, the study aims to identify the following:
1. What is the demographic profile of the students in terms of:
a. Sex;
b. Age; and
c. Grade and section?

2 | Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion

 Clarencio Calagos Memorial School of Fisheries
Sta. Margarita, Samar 6709
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

2. What are preferences of students in terms of:

a. Reading Habits; and
b. Reading Techniques?

3. What is the level of reading comprehension of the SHS students?

4. Is there a significant difference between the level of reading comprehension and the
demographic profile of the students?

5. There is no significant difference between the level of reading comprehension and the
demographic profile of the students.

Significance of the study

The result and findings of this study will be beneficial, especially, to the following:

Students. It will help them identify their levels of reading comprehension. They will become
aware of the reading techniques they use when reading. It will also encourage them to
develop reading habit and use appropriate reading materials.

Teachers. This study will help them develop instructional tools and provide reading
materials that will improve the level of the students’ comprehension and their strategies in
teaching reading.

School Administrators. The high and low performances of the students greatly affect the
reputation of the school as measured in Reading Assessment Tool assigned by the
Department of Education. It is the school's responsibility to provide the needed facilities and
reading resources for the teachers and students. This study will provide ideas regarding the
needs of the teachers and students on the process of learning specifically, reading with
comprehension.

Parents. They will become more aware of the status of their children’s reading
comprehension levels. It can help them recognize their parental responsibilities. They should
involve themselves by helping their children through dedicating more time in reading at
home and provide responsible and useful reading resources.
Future Researchers. This study will help them to conduct similar studies to develop
students’ passion for reading. It will also provide other researchers the necessary reference
materials and evidence as basis for their future studies.
Definition of terms
Technical terms that will be used in this study are defined conceptually and
operationally for the purpose of clarity to the concepts used in this study.
Reading Comprehension. It is the ability to process text, understand its meaning and to
integrate with what the reader already knows.
Inferential Comprehension. It is the ability to process a written information and understand
the underlying meaning of the text. This information is then used to infer or determine deeper

3 | Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion

 Clarencio Calagos Memorial School of Fisheries
Sta. Margarita, Samar 6709
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

meaning that is not explicitly stated. Inferential Comprehension requires readers to combine
ideas, and draw conclusions.
Literal Comprehension. It is the understanding of information and facts directly stated in
the text. It is recognized as the first and most basic level of comprehension in reading.
Critical-Evaluation. This may refer to a written essay or simply a specific mode thinking.
The main feature in either case is critical evaluation test the validity of a claim.
The Philippine Informal Reading Inventory (Phi-IRI). It is an assessment tool that aimed
to be used as a classroom-based assessment tool to measure and describe students reading
performance.

Scope and Delimitation

The study will focus on the reading comprehension levels of grade eleven (11)
Students of CCMSF in Senior High School, during the school year 2022 2023, using the
Students Reading Profile Survey Questionnaire and Reading Comprehension Test. This will
cover the grade 11 Senior High School Students. The researcher chose the Grade-11 Senior
High School Students, for them to be able to know if what strand has a low level of reading
comprehension.

References
Assessment Of Reading Comprehension Levels Among Grade 11 Senior High School
Students: Towards The Development Of Proposed K-12 Context Appropriate
Instructional Tool Int. J. of Adv. Res. 9 (Jan). 431-466] (ISSN 2320-5407).
www.journalijar.com
Department of Education (2018). Philippine Informal Reading Inventory Manual.
Special Connections (2018). Reading comprehension and reading materials
http://www.specialconnections.ku.edu
Uychoco, Marikit Tara O. (2016). 21st Century literature from the Philippines and the world
textbook. https://k12.thoughtfullearning.com

Tizon, Mylene N. (2011). Reading comprehension ability of grade VI pupils of Kinangay Sur
Elementary

Department of Education PISA (2018). National Report on the Philippines Department of

Education Complex.
Flippo, R. (2014). Assessing Readers: Qualitative Diagnosis and Instruction, Second Edition,
University of Massachusetts Boston. https://scholarworks.umb.edu

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