Bahasa Inggris

a. Reading Faster

b. Topic and Main Idea

c. Purpose of the Writer

d. Implied Detail Question

e. Stated Detail Question

f. Unstated Detail Question

g. Transition Question

h. Vocabulary

i. Reference and Restatement

j. Determining Specific Information

k. Summary of the Text

1. Comprehending main ideas
2. Restating phrases and sentences
3. Author related question
4. Understanding specific information
5. Defining the topic
6. Finding contextual meaning
7. Choosing true/false statement
8. Predicting paragraph
9. Summarizing the passage
10. Defining the purpose
11. Referral questions

1. Comprehending Main Ideas

o Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic
in education. On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can
enhance teaching and learning outcomes. For example, in science and
mathematics education, scholars have documented that the use of ICT
can improve students’ conceptual understanding, problem solving, and
team working skills. Consequently, most curriculum documents state
the importance of ICT and encourage school teachers to use them.
However, teachers need to specifically trained in order to integrate ICT
in their teaching. Based on the passage, the passage most likely
discusses….
 ICT and education in today’s learning development
 teachers need to be trained in order to integrate ICT in their
teaching
 the advantages of using ICT in the learning process
 the development of education by using ICT
 educational growth in the last two decades
2. Restating Phrases and Sentence
o ???????Which of the following best restates the sentence “Over
the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic
in education. On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can
enhance teaching and learning outcomes.” from previous
passage?
 Over the preceding two decades, studies have exposed that ICT
can increase teaching and learning outcomes.
 Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an
important topic in educational method.
 The use of ICT has been an insignificant topic in education.
Also, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and
learning outcomes.
 Studies have shown that ICT can enrich teaching and learning
end result
 ICT usage has been a vital topic in education and studies
indicate that ICT can develop teaching and learning upshot.
3. Author Related Question
 o ???????Sleepiness after eating is a response of the body to chemical
changes during the digestion process. This is normal and it happens to
everybody. However, if sleepiness occurs every time after eating and
obstructs your ability to function, this may be a concern. Sleepiness
after eating is caused by many factors, such as the type of food you
consume, messy sleeping habits, your health condition and so forth.
The body requires energy to function and this energy is obtained
through food. Post-eating, the body releases hormones such as amylin,
glucagon and cholecystokinin. These hormones increase blood sugar
levels, creating a feeling of fullness and producing insulin that will be
streamed through cell tissues and provide energy for them. At the
same time, the brain releases serotonin that causes drowsiness. What
is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
 To discuss the amount of food to consume so as not to feel
sleepy
 To inform the readers about the factors of sleepiness after
eating
 To argue the effect of eating too much foods for the brain
 To tell the readers the benefit of eating certain foods
 To investigate what causes drowsiness after overeating
4. Understanding Specific Information
o I???????ndonesian coffee exports rose from 336,840 tonnes (or
5,614,000 60-KG bags) in crop year 2000/2001 to 656,400 tonnes
(10,940,000 bags) in 2012/2013, according to data collated by the
International Coffee Organization. Total production over the same
period increased from 419,220 tonnes to 763,800 tonnes. At present,
the principal destinations for Indonesian coffee are the US, Japan and
Western Europe (particularly Germany), but Indonesia is well placed to
capitalize on the fast-rising demand in the ASEAN region and in
China. What can be inferred from the passage?
 The coffee export has decreased in several years
 Total production deducted from 419,220 tonnes to 763,800
tonnes
 Indonesian coffee exports increased from 2000/2001 to
2012/2013
 Indonesia is in a good site to take advantage of fast-rising
demand in ASEAN
 The US, Japan and Western Europe are the destination for
Indonesian coffee
5. Defining Topic
o ???????The latest round in an ongoing debate over global-warming
trends claims that warming has indeed slowed down this century. An
obvious slowing in the rise of global temperatures was recorded at the
beginning of the twenty-first century. This was referred to as a "hiatus"
or a "pause". This hiatus was first observed several years ago.
Climate-change skeptics have used this as evidence that global
warming has stopped permanently. But in June the previous year, a
study in science claimed that the hiatus was just an artifact which
disappears when biases in temperature data are corrected. The
passage above mainly discusses about….
 the hiatus observation was first carried out several years ago
 the reason why global warming is slowing down in this century
 global warming is a verifiable issue in the space of a decade
 the contention about global warming and whether it is indeed
slowing this period
 the view of study in science that the hiatus is an artifact which
vanishes
Questions 1-2  refer to the following passage.

United States citizens have always had a problem relating to the colonial period of
their history. They have often thought that earlier period to be less relevant, less
historically significant, than the later national period of their history. For many, the
colonial era lacks seriousness; it seems trivial and antique and shrouded in
nostalgia. For much of United States history, popular opinion has considered the
century and a half of the colonial period to be simply a quaint prolog to the main
story that followed the American Revolution.

In part this is because the colonial period has become a natural source of folklore
and mythmaking. Since the United States, unlike older Western nations, lacks a
misty past in which the historical record is remote and obscure, people have tended
to transform authentic historical figures and events of the colonial past into
mythical characters and legends. Unlike England we have no King Canute, no
King Arthur, no Robin Hood to spin tales and legends about. Instead, we have
transformed John Smith and Pocahontas, the Pilgrim Fathers, and Squanto
(historical figures about whom we know a great deal) into fanciful and fabulous
characters.

But such has not always been the case. In the decades following the Revolution,
the colonial period was an integral and important part of history.

Topik: Reading Comprehension

Subtopik: Purpose of the passage

1. The primary purpose of this passage is to ….

A. argue that colonial history had no influence on later periods in United States
history.
B. demonstrate that the colonial history of the United States is a mixture of
legends and myths.
C. present a rationale for teaching future generations of people in the United
States about colonial history.
D. explain why many people in the United States perceive colonial history in a
particular way.
E. suggest that a general ignorance of colonial history has caused people to
repeat the mistakes of that era.
 

Kunci: D

Pembahasan: Option A is incorrect because this isn’t the purpose of the passage.

The author doesn’t suggest that colonial history had no influence; in fact, “In the
decades following the (American) Revolution, the colonial period was an integral
and important part of history.” Option B is incorrect because this is too narrow to
be the main purpose of the passage. The author says that the current U.S.
perception of colonial history is a mythical one, but the purpose of the passage is to
explain why that is. Option C is incorrect because this isn’t the purpose of the
passage. The author doesn’t talk about the education of future United States
citizens about colonial history; instead, the passage focuses on current U.S.
perceptions of the time period (and also compares the perceptions of this time
period to those of people in the decades following the American Revolution).
Option E is incorrect because this isn’t the main point of the passage; the author
doesn’t discuss repeated mistakes. Option D is the best choice. The passage starts
by saying that people in the U.S. perceive the colonial period as a “quaint prolog”
to U.S. history and is “shrouded in nostalgia.” The rest of the passage focuses on
why U.S. citizens perceive colonial history in that way. 

Topik: Reading Comprehension

Subtopik: Inferences

2. The author implies that which of the following is the most direct result of
transforming colonial history into sentimental stories?

A. It gives a much-needed nostalgic tone to an era otherwise lacking in

emotion.
B. It makes knowledge of colonial history more accessible to people of all
ages.
C. It fills in gaps where no actual historical data are available.
D. It denigrates the work of those who study colonial history.
E. It detracts from the historical significance of the colonial era.

Kunci: E
Pembahasan: Option A is incorrect because the author doesn’t suggest that the
colonial period’s actual history lacks emotion. We don’t have enough information
from the passage to make this inference. Option B is incorrect because the author
doesn’t suggest this; the author doesn’t talk about age groups at all, so we don’t
know the author’s view on whether the “sentimental stories” of the colonial period
might be more accessible to younger people, for example. Option C is incorrect
because it conflicts with what the author suggests. The author says that there is a
lot of historical data available about the historical figures people have turned into
myths: “we have transformed John Smith and Pocahontas, the Pilgrim Fathers, and
Squanto (historical figures about whom we know a great deal) into fanciful and
fabulous characters.” The author doesn’t mention any gaps in historical data.
Option D is incorrect because this choice is too strong to be the likely result of
transforming colonial history into myth. To “denigrate” means to belittle or to say
bad things. It’s not suggested that the myth-making of the colonial era says
anything bad about those who study the history of the period. Option E is the best
choice. The author implies this at the end of the passage: “In the decades following
the (American) Revolution, the colonial period was an integral and important part
of history.” This was before people started making a myth out of the colonial
period. Since the author says the colonial period was “an integral and important
part of history” before the myth-making, this implies that the myths have detracted,
or taken away, from the historical significance of that time.

Question 3 refers to the following passage.

One might think that hikers, seeking beauty and solitude in the wilderness, prefer
to camp at previously untouched sites. However, researchers have discovered that
small amounts of impact are often considered more acceptable than no impact at
all. In one study, small fire rings were rated more acceptable than no fire rings.
This may be because hikers, respecting that beauty, try to do as little damage as
possible, and so would rather reuse an existing site than establish a new one. Or,
perhaps tired hikers appreciate that existing “impacts” make it easier and quicker to
set up cooking and sleeping areas.

Topik: Reading Comprehension

Subtopik: Purpose of component

3. The author discusses fire rings primarily to …

A. explain why hikers prefer slightly used, rather than untouched, sites for
camping
B. show that hikers are concerned about inadvertently starting forest fires
C. present one criterion by which hikers judge the quality of a campsite
D. point out that previously used campsites often have more than one fire ring
E. indicate that small fire rings are more often found at campsites than are large
fire rings

Kunci: A

Pembahasan: Option B is incorrect because this isn’t the purpose of the author’s

reference; the author doesn’t mention forest fires. Option C is incorrect because
this isn’t the purpose of the author’s reference: hikers may like existing fire rings
because they eliminate the environmental impact of creating a new one. This factor
isn’t about the quality of the campsite. Option D is incorrect because this isn’t the
purpose of the author’s reference. The author doesn’t specify how many fire rings
typically show up at a campsite. Option E is incorrect because this isn’t the
purpose of the author’s reference. “Small fire rings” are mentioned but aren’t
compared to large fire rings, nor is it suggested that small fire rings are found more
often than large ones. Option A is the best choice. The fire rings are an example of
something that hikers like to reuse either because they “try to do as little damage as
possible (to the environment), and so would rather reuse an existing site”, or
because they appreciate the ease of an existing fire ring so they don’t have to make
one themselves.

Question 4 refers to the following passage.

American archeologist Harriet Boyd Hawes excavated the ancient Greek town of
Gournia at around the same time the palatial site of Phaistos was excavated, in the
early 1900s. She is credited not only for her attention to a “common” rather than a
palatial site, but also for her attention to artifacts that shed light on the day-to-day
culture of the Minoans rather than just on their gold and lavish architecture.

 
Topik: Reading Comprehension

Subtopik: Summarizing a passage

4. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the passage?

A. Gournia is more representative of Minoan society than Phaistos.

B. Gold and lavish architecture help to shed light on day-to-day Minoan
culture.
C. The work of Harriet Boyd Hawes contributes to our knowledge of standard
Minoan living. 
D. Most archeologists would rather excavate a palatial site than a common site.
E. Harriet Boyd Hawes is an archeologist who specializes in Minoan culture.

Kunci: C

Pembahasan: Option A is incorrect because this isn’t a conclusion we can draw

from the passage. Gournia, a “common” site, revealed different aspects of Minoan
society than the palatial (palace) site of Phaistos, but the palace was also part of
Minoan society. Option B is incorrect because this conflicts with the passage.
Harriet Boyd Hawes found “artifacts that shed light on the day-to-day culture of
the Minoans rather than just on their gold and lavish architecture.” This means that
the artifacts that shed light on day-to-day Minoan culture were different from the
gold artifacts and fancy architecture. Option D is incorrect because this isn’t the
best supported conclusion. The passage only talks about Harriet Boyd Hawes’s
work, not about the preferences of other archeologists. Option E is incorrect
because there isn’t enough information about this in the passage for us to draw this
conclusion. We know she excavated this Minoan town, but we don’t know what
other regions, if any, her work covered. Option C is the best choice. According to
the passage, the artifacts Harriet Boyd Hawes found “shed light on the day-to-day
culture (standard living) of the Minoans”. 

Question 5 refers to the following passage.

 
After writing her first novel, The Woman Warrior, Maxine Hong Kingston realized
that the American reading public was generally ignorant about Chinese Americans,
so she deliberately put history lessons into her second novel, China Men—even
listing historical facts, such as items of anti-Chinese legislation. Kingston contends
that she felt compelled to do this, even at the risk of spoiling the dramatic moments
in the narration, because sacrificing historical background for the sake of story in
The Woman Warrior had not worked.

The “reviews of my first book made it clear that people did not know the history—
or they thought I did not know it,” she says. “While I was writing China Men, I
could not take that tension any more. So all of a sudden, right in the middle of the
story, plunk—there is an eight-page section of pure history. There are no characters
in it. It really affects the shape of the book and might look quite clumsy.”

The challenge that Kingston and other Asian American writers face is how to
preserve the artistic integrity of their writing and be understood at the same time by
readers whose ignorance of the cultural and historical background might
necessitate explanations that interfere with the art.

Topik: Reading Comprehension

Subtopik: Inferences 

5. The passage suggests that Kingston thought her approach to writing China Men
might …

A. distort historical facts

B. make the novel seem awkward
C. make the novel too long
D. make the novel seem outdated
E. appear pretentious

Kunci: B

Pembahasan: Option A is incorrect because the passage suggests the opposite of

this. Kingston says that in her book, “there is an eight-page section of pure history.
There are no characters in it.” This makes it sound like Kingston is not worried
about distorting, or changing, historical facts. She believes the history is “pure” or
accurate. Option C is incorrect because the passage doesn’t suggest this. Although
Kingston says that in the middle of China Men “there is an eight-page section of
pure history”, this doesn’t necessarily mean that the book was too long as a result
of those pages. Option D is incorrect because the passage doesn’t suggest this;
Kingston doesn’t refer to the concept of adding history to China Men as outdated.
Option E is incorrect because this isn’t a suggestion made in the passage. Kingston
says her addition of history into China Men “affects the shape of the book and
might look quite clumsy”, but she doesn’t suggest that the history might appear
pretentious (snobbish, conceited). Option B is the best choice. Kingston admits that
her approach to writing China Men “might look quite clumsy” when she inserted
several pages of history into the middle of the book with no characters or dialogue.
Clumsy = awkward.
Topik: Reading Comprehension 

Subtopik: Specific Information

The question is based on the following text.

(The story by Oiwan Lam originally appeared on Global Voices, on December 2,

2020)
    Over a dozen journalists resigned on December 1 from Hong Kong Cable
Television Limited, a major subscription-based TV station in Hong Kong, in
protest after the media company fired 40 editorial staff in what is perceived as a
political crackdown. Those laid off include the head of the China desk and the
entire team of the award-winning News Lancet program. The broadcaster cited
financial reasons for the layoff, a claim the newsroom staff rebukes. The entire
China desk, a total of 12 people, has since resigned in protest, along with the
heads of the international and finance desks and the newsroom's chief
assignment editor.

    The layoffs were sudden and took immediate effect — those who were sacked
were told to leave the office on the same day. In shock, members of staff
gathered outside the room of the news director demanding an explanation.
Among those laid off is Wong Lai-ping, former deputy news editor at the China
desk. On a radio interview aired on December 2, she rebuked the management's
claim that the decision was made out of financial difficulties, remarking that in
August, the management fired the then-executive director Fung Tak-hung and
replaced him with four new managers. Wong said that the new management
often made editorial requests, such as live broadcasts of China's foreign
minister's regular press conference, or modifying headlines. According to Wong,
the newsroom staff refused to comply with such requests.

    The Hong Kong Journalists Association commented on the layoffs, “Given the
[New Lancet] team’s coverage of the police and administration, it’s difficult not
to see this as minimizing sensitive reporting in the name of cost-cutting”.

(Lam, Oiwan. 2020. “Journalists at Hong Kong TV station resign en masse after
40 colleagues fired”. Global Voices. Accessed and adapted on 5 December 2020.
https://globalvoices.org/2020/12/02/journalists-at-hong-kong-tv-station-resign-
en-masse-after-40-colleagues-fired/)

1. Based on the text, the trigger of this resignation en masse is the belief that ….

A. the previous layoffs were politically motivated

B. financial reasons affected the layoffs the most
C. the journalists could demand for higher salary
D. political crackdown barely prompted the layoffs
E. the management's disapproved of staffs' refusal of demands

Jawaban: A

Pembahasan:

Pada soal ini, kita harus menentukan pemikiran atau kepercayaan yang

menjadi pemicu/penyebab dari pengunduran diri massal (besar-besaran) para
jurnalis tersebut.

Pada awal paragraf pertama disebutkan, “Lebih dari 12 orang jurnalis

mengundurkan diri pada 1 Desember dari Hong Kong Cable Television Limited
…, sebagai protes setelah perusahaan media tersebut memecat 40 staf
editorial yang dianggap sebagai tindakan keras politik”. Penulis
melanjutkan, “... Penyiar mengutip alasan keuangan untuk PHK
tersebut, klaim yang ditegur oleh staf ruang berita”. Selanjutnya, paragraf
kedua menyebutkan, “Salah satu yang diberhentikan adalah Wong Lai-ping,
mantan wakil editor berita di China desk .., dia menegur klaim manajemen
bahwa keputusan itu diambil karena kesulitan keuangan, dengan mengatakan
bahwa pada bulan Agustus, manajemen memecat direktur eksekutif Fung Tak-
hung dan menggantinya dengan 4 manajer baru”.

Berdasarkan penjelasan tersebut, kita dapat mengetahui bahwa pengunduran

diri massal (lebih dari 12 orang) tersebut dipicu atas adanya PHK (Pemutusan
Hubungan Kerja) atau layoffs terhadap 40 staf editorial. Mereka percaya bahwa
tindakan tersebut sebenarnya bukan disebabkan oleh kesulitan keuangan,
tetapi adanya unsur politik. Dengan kata lain, mereka memiliki kepercayaan
bahwa PHK tersebut bermotif politik, maka pilihan A tepat.
Pilihan B (Alasan keuangan paling mempengaruhi PHK tersebut) tidak
tepat karena justru mereka (orang-orang yang protes) menolak alasan tersebut.

Pilihan C (Para jurnalis bisa menuntut gaji yang lebih tinggi) tidak tepat karena
tidak terdapat informasi apapun mengenai tuntutan gaji.

Pilihan D (Penyerangan politik hampir tidak menyebabkan PHK tersebut) tidak

tepat karena justru tindakan politiklah yang diyakini menyebabkan PHK
tersebut, dan tindakan PHK ini diatur oleh pihak manajemen yang berwenang.

Pilihan E  (Pihak manajemen tidak menyetujui penolakan atas perintah (yang

diberikan) yang dilakukan oleh para staff) tidak tepat. Kalimat keempat, kelima
dan keenam menunjukkan bahwa penolakan memenuhi permintaan
manajemen menyebabkan pemberhentian sepihak masal (laid off)  yang
dilakukan pemberi kerja kepada pekerja. Hal yang ditanyakan soal adalah hal
yang mendorong pengunduran diri (resignation) secara
masal. Resignation dan laid off  adalah dua hal yang berbeda, sehingga pilihan E
ini tidak berhubungan.

Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah A.

Topik: Reading Comprehension

Subtopik: Implied Information

The question is based on the following text.

(The story by Oiwan Lam originally appeared on Global Voices, on December 2,

2020)
    Over a dozen journalists resigned on December 1 from Hong Kong Cable
Television Limited, a major subscription-based TV station in Hong Kong, in
protest after the media company fired 40 editorial staff in what is perceived as a
political crackdown. Those laid off include the head of the China desk and the
entire team of the award-winning News Lancet program. The broadcaster cited
financial reasons for the layoff, a claim the newsroom staff rebukes. The entire
China desk, a total of 12 people, has since resigned in protest, along with the
heads of the international and finance desks and the newsroom's chief
assignment editor.
    The layoffs were sudden and took immediate effect — those who were sacked
were told to leave the office on the same day. In shock, members of staff
gathered outside the room of the news director demanding an explanation.
Among those laid off is Wong Lai-ping, former deputy news editor at the China
desk. On a radio interview aired on December 2, she rebuked the management's
claim that the decision was made out of financial difficulties, remarking that in
August, the management fired the then-executive director Fung Tak-hung and
replaced him with four new managers. Wong said that the new management
often made editorial requests, such as live broadcasts of China's foreign
minister's regular press conference, or modifying headlines. According to Wong,
the newsroom staff refused to comply with such requests.

    The Hong Kong Journalists Association commented on the layoffs, “Given the
[New Lancet] team’s coverage of the police and administration, it’s difficult not
to see this as minimizing sensitive reporting in the name of cost-cutting”.

(Lam, Oiwan. 2020. “Journalists at Hong Kong TV station resign en masse after
40 colleagues fired”. Global Voices. Accessed and adapted on 5 December 2020.
https://globalvoices.org/2020/12/02/journalists-at-hong-kong-tv-station-resign-
en-masse-after-40-colleagues-fired/)

“..., she rebuked the management's claim that the decision was made out of
financial difficulties, remarking that in August, the management fired the then-
executive director Fung Tak-hung and replaced him with four new managers.”
(Paragraph 2).

2. Dealing with the issue discussed in the text, the statement above may lead
the readers to the assumption that …

A. The management’s claim should have been accepted by all parties.

B. The decision to fire Fung Tak-hung was taken with well-consideration.
C. The director Fung Tak-hung was not as competent as four new managers.
D. There was an illogical situation to claim financial difficulties as the reason
for the layoffs.
 E. The management tried to cover up their financial difficulties by cutting
the number of employees.

Jawaban: D

Pembahasan:

Arti pernyataan di atas adalah “..., dia menegur klaim manajemen bahwa
keputusan itu dibuat karena kesulitan keuangan, dengan mengatakan bahwa
pada bulan Agustus, manajemen memecat direktur Fung Tak-hung dan
menggantinya dengan empat manajer baru.”. Pada soal ini, kita harus
menentukan asumsi yang mungkin timbul dari pernyataan tersebut. 

Teks di atas menyampaikan sebuah berita mengenai pengunduran diri lebih

dari 12 jurnalis sebagai bentuk protes mereka terhadap pemecatan 40 staf
editorial yang diklaim atas tindak lanjut dari kesulitan keuangan yang dialami
perusahaan tersebut. Namun, pernyataan yang terdapat pada soal ini
menyebutkan bahwa manajemen justru merekrut empat manajer baru setelah
memecat seorang direktur. Pernyataan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa
perusahaan tersebut terkesan “masih memiliki cukup uang” karena mereka
merekrut 4 orang manajer sekaligus padahal mereka sebelumnya memecat
satu orang dengan alasan kesulitan keuangan. Logikanya, jika perusahaan
tersebut sedang mengalami kesulitan keuangan, mereka akan berpikir lagi
untuk merekrut mereka sekaligus. Dengan demikian, asumsi yang paling
mungkin timbul dari pernyataan tersebut adalah (D) “Terdapat situasi tidak
logis untuk mengklaim kesulitan keuangan sebagai alasan dari layoffs atau
PHK.”.

Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah D.  

Topik: Reading Comprehension 

Subtopik: General Information

The question is based on the following passage.

(The story by Sanjib Chaudhary originally appeared on Global Voices on August

8, 2020)
    After news of the existence of a yellow turtle in India's eastern state of Odisha
went viral this past July, Nepalis wanted to remind the world that they made a
similar discovery first — on April 14, 2018, to be exact — when a rare, golden
turtle  — but a different species — was found for the first time in southeastern
Nepal’s Dhanushadham municipality. According to a research paper by Kamal
Devkota, Dev Narayan Mandal and Hinrich Kaiser, which was published in the
journal Herpetology Notes, the turtle was released into its natural habitat after
pictures were taken as proof. 

    A normal Indian flapshell turtle is greenish-grey in colour, with yellow marks
on its head and neck. It has a grey carapace dotted with dark yellow spots and
derives its name from the femoral flaps at the plastron, the ventral part of the
shell. These turtles are found in Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan
and Sri Lanka, most typically in ditches, lakes, ponds, and paddy fields with
stagnant water. Omnivorous in nature, they eat anything from leaves and
flowers to snails, fish, and frogs. While a normal-coloured flapshell turtle can
easily camouflage itself in the murky, greenish water, its golden-coloured
variant — a turtle with chromatic leucism — is easily recognisable and therefore
more vulnerable. Its luminous golden colour, in particular, makes it a prized pet.

    The congenital disorder of albinism creates a complete absence of

pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes due to the lack of tyrosinase, an enzyme
involved in the production of melanin. Researchers estimate that albinism
occurs once in every 10,000 mammal births. Leucism, on the other hand, is an
extremely rare genetic condition in which animals have reduced pigmentation.
Most leucistic animals have normal-coloured eyes, whereas those with albinism
tend to have red or pink eyes.

    Nepal is home to 16 species of turtles, of which four are critically endangered:

the three-striped roofed turtle (Kachuga dhongoka), the red-crowned roofed
turtle (Kachuga kachuga), the Indian narrow-headed softshell turtle (Chitra
indica), and the elongated tortoise (Indotestudo elongata). Though turtles play
an important role in reducing pollution by feeding on insects, vegetation, and
dead animals, factors like habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation have
been threatening their survival. According to “Turtles of Nepal – A Field Guide
for Species Accounts and Distribution,” the draining of wetlands for irrigation
and fishing, the excessive use of agrochemicals which eventually seep into
waterways, and unsustainable fishing methods all negatively impact turtle
populations. 
 

(Chaudhary, Sanjib. 2020. "A rare, golden turtle — first of its kind — discovered
in Nepal". Global Voices. Accessed and adapted on August 9, 2021.
https://globalvoices.org/2020/08/08/the-first-time-a-rare-golden-turtle-was-
found-was-actually-in-nepal/)

3. The third paragraph of the passage above mainly discusses ….

A. physical appearance of turtles

B. congenital disorders in sea-mammals
C. the difference between two congenital illnesses
D. albinism, leucism, and how to treat them
E. albinism and leucism as hazardous congenital disorders

Jawaban: C

Pembahasan:

Pada paragraf ketiga, penulis menjelaskan bahwa gangguan

bawaan “albinisme” menyebabkan pigmentasi pada kulit, rambut, dan mata
tidak ada sama sekali dikarenakan kekurangan enzim tirosinase. Peneliti
memperkirakan bahwa albinisme ini terjadi sekali dalam setiap 10.000
kelahiran mamalia. Lalu, penulis menjelaskan mengenai gangguan lainnya,
yaitu “leukisme”. Gangguan ini, di sisi lain, merupakan kondisi genetik yang
sangat langka, yaitu pigmentasi yang berkurang. Kemudian, penulis
juga membandingkan kondisi mata bagi hewan yang mengalami albinisme dan
leukisme. Hewan yang mengalami leukisme memiliki warna mata yang
normal, sedangkan hewan yang mengalami albinisme cenderung memiliki
mata merah atau merah muda.

Penggunaan “on the other hand” (di sisi lain) dan “whereas” (sedangkan) pada

paragraf 3 menunjukkan adanya perbedaan antara albinisme dan leukisme
yang ingin ditonjolkan penulis pada paragraf tersebut. Dengan demikian, dapat
disimpulkan bahwa paragraf ini membahas “the difference between two
congenital illnesses” yang artinya “perbedaan dua penyakit bawaan (albinisme
dan leukisme).”
Pilihan A tidak tepat karena hal yang dibahas adalah penampilan fisik dari
hewan yang mengalami albinisme dan leukisme, bukan penampilan fisik penyu
secara umum.

Pilihan B tidak tepat karena frasa “congenital disorders” terlalu luas. Gangguan

bawaan yang dibahas hanya albinisme dan leukisme saja. Selain itu, hewan
yang dibahas tidak hanya terbatas pada mamalia laut.

Pilihan D tidak tepat karena meskipun membahas albinisme dan leukisme,

paragraf ini tidak membahas cara penanganannya.

Pilihan E tidak tepat karena tidak terdapat pembahasan bahwa kondisi

albinisme dan leukisme berbahaya (hazardous) atau tidak.

Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah C.  

Topik: Reading Comprehension for UTBK

Subtopik: Specific Information

The question is based on the following passage.

(The story by Sanjib Chaudhary originally appeared on Global Voices on August

8, 2020)

    After news of the existence of a yellow turtle in India's eastern state of Odisha
went viral this past July, Nepalis wanted to remind the world that they made a
similar discovery first — on April 14, 2018, to be exact — when a rare, golden
turtle  — but a different species — was found for the first time in southeastern
Nepal’s Dhanushadham municipality. According to a research paper by Kamal
Devkota, Dev Narayan Mandal and Hinrich Kaiser, which was published in the
journal Herpetology Notes, the turtle was released into its natural habitat after
pictures were taken as proof. 

    A normal Indian flapshell turtle is greenish-grey in colour, with yellow marks
on its head and neck. It has a grey carapace dotted with dark yellow spots and
derives its name from the femoral flaps at the plastron, the ventral part of the
shell. These turtles are found in Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan
and Sri Lanka, most typically in ditches, lakes, ponds, and paddy fields with
stagnant water. Omnivorous in nature, they eat anything from leaves and
flowers to snails, fish, and frogs. While a normal-coloured flapshell turtle can
easily camouflage itself in the murky, greenish water, its golden-coloured
variant — a turtle with chromatic leucism — is easily recognisable and therefore
more vulnerable. Its luminous golden colour, in particular, makes it a prized pet.

    The congenital disorder of albinism creates a complete absence of

pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes due to the lack of tyrosinase, an enzyme
involved in the production of melanin. Researchers estimate that albinism
occurs once in every 10,000 mammal births. Leucism, on the other hand, is an
extremely rare genetic condition in which animals have reduced pigmentation.
Most leucistic animals have normal-coloured eyes, whereas those with albinism
tend to have red or pink eyes.

    Nepal is home to 16 species of turtles, of which four are critically endangered:

the three-striped roofed turtle (Kachuga dhongoka), the red-crowned roofed
turtle (Kachuga kachuga), the Indian narrow-headed softshell turtle (Chitra
indica), and the elongated tortoise (Indotestudo elongata). Though turtles play
an important role in reducing pollution by feeding on insects, vegetation, and
dead animals, factors like habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation have
been threatening their survival. According to “Turtles of Nepal – A Field Guide
for Species Accounts and Distribution,” the draining of wetlands for irrigation
and fishing, the excessive use of agrochemicals which eventually seep into
waterways, and unsustainable fishing methods all negatively impact turtle
populations. 

(Chaudhary, Sanjib. 2020. "A rare, golden turtle — first of its kind — discovered
in Nepal". Global Voices. Accessed and adapted on August 9, 2021.
https://globalvoices.org/2020/08/08/the-first-time-a-rare-golden-turtle-was-
found-was-actually-in-nepal/)

4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage above?

A. A quarter of all turtle species in Nepal are threatened with extinction.

B. Both Nepalis and Indians found new rare turtles at different times.
C. A turtle with chromatic leucism is insusceptible topredators.
 D. Animals with albinism and leucism can bedistinguished.
E. Turtles can help humans to keep the environment healthy.

Jawaban: C

Pembahasan:

Soal menanyakan pernyataan yang tidak tepat berdasarkan teks.

Pilihan A (Seperempat dari seluruh spesies penyu di Nepal terancam

punah) sesuai dengan pernyataan “Nepal is home to  16  species of turtles, of
which  four  are critically endangered: ....” (Nepal adalah rumah bagi 16 spesies
penyu, yang 4 diantaranya terancam punah: ....). Empat dari 16 spesies sama
artinya dengan seperempat-nya.

Pilihan B (Orang Nepal dan India menemukan penyu langka baru pada waktu
yang berbeda) sesuai dengan pernyataan “After news of the existence of a yellow
turtle in  India's eastern state of Odisha went viral  this past July, Nepalis  wanted
to remind the world that they  made a similar discovery first  — on April 14,
2018, ...”. Bagian yang dicetak tebal menunjukkan bahwa orang Nepal
menemukan penyu langka sebelum orang India menemukan spesies yang
serupa. Dengan demikian, orang Nepal dan India menemukan penyu langka
baru pada waktu yang berbeda.

Pilihan C (Seekor penyu dengan chromatic leucism tidak rentan menjadi

mangsa) tidak sesuai atau bertentangan dengan pernyataan “... its golden-
coloured variant — a turtle with chromatic leucism — is easily recognisable and
therefore more vulnerable.” (... variannya yang berwarna keemasan, penyu
dengan chromatic leucism mudah dikenali dan karena itulah lebih
rentan/mudah diserang.). Keadaan mudah diserang ini menyiratkan bahwa
penyu tersebut juga akan mudah dijadikan mangsa oleh predator.

Pilihan D (Hewan dengan albinisme dan leucisme dapat

dibedakan) sesuai dengan pernyataan “Most leucistic animals have normal-
coloured eyes, whereas those with albinism tend to have red or pink
eyes.”. Kalimat tersebut menunjukkan bahwa mereka dapat dibedakan dari
warna matanya.
Pilihan E (Penyu dapat membantu manusia untuk menjaga lingkungan tetap
sehat) sesuai dengan pernyataan “Though turtles  play an important role in
reducing pollution  ….”. Perannya “mengurangi polusi” merupakan salah satu
faktor yang dapat membuat lingkungan kita tetap sehat (tanpa adanya polusi).

Jadi, pernyataan yang tidak tepat adalah C.  

Topik: Reading Comprehension

Subtopik: Specific Information

The question is based on the following passage.

(The story by Sanjib Chaudhary originally appeared on Global Voices on August

8, 2020)

    After news of the existence of a yellow turtle in India's eastern state of Odisha
went viral this past July, Nepalis wanted to remind the world that they made a
similar discovery first — on April 14, 2018, to be exact — when a rare, golden
turtle  — but a different species — was found for the first time in southeastern
Nepal’s Dhanushadham municipality. According to a research paper by Kamal
Devkota, Dev Narayan Mandal and Hinrich Kaiser, which was published in the
journal Herpetology Notes, the turtle was released into its natural habitat after
pictures were taken as proof. 

    A normal Indian flapshell turtle is greenish-grey in colour, with yellow marks
on its head and neck. It has a grey carapace dotted with dark yellow spots and
derives its name from the femoral flaps at the plastron, the ventral part of the
shell. These turtles are found in Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan
and Sri Lanka, most typically in ditches, lakes, ponds, and paddy fields with
stagnant water. Omnivorous in nature, they eat anything from leaves and
flowers to snails, fish, and frogs. While a normal-coloured flapshell turtle can
easily camouflage itself in the murky, greenish water, its golden-coloured
variant — a turtle with chromatic leucism — is easily recognisable and therefore
more vulnerable. Its luminous golden colour, in particular, makes it a prized pet.

    The congenital disorder of albinism creates a complete absence of

pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes due to the lack of tyrosinase, an enzyme
involved in the production of melanin. Researchers estimate that albinism
occurs once in every 10,000 mammal births. Leucism, on the other hand, is an
extremely rare genetic condition in which animals have reduced pigmentation.
Most leucistic animals have normal-coloured eyes, whereas those with albinism
tend to have red or pink eyes.

    Nepal is home to 16 species of turtles, of which four are critically endangered:

the three-striped roofed turtle (Kachuga dhongoka), the red-crowned roofed
turtle (Kachuga kachuga), the Indian narrow-headed softshell turtle (Chitra
indica), and the elongated tortoise (Indotestudo elongata). Though turtles play
an important role in reducing pollution by feeding on insects, vegetation, and
dead animals, factors like habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation have
been threatening their survival. According to “Turtles of Nepal – A Field Guide
for Species Accounts and Distribution,” the draining of wetlands for irrigation
and fishing, the excessive use of agrochemicals which eventually seep into
waterways, and unsustainable fishing methods all negatively impact turtle
populations. 

(Chaudhary, Sanjib. 2020. "A rare, golden turtle — first of its kind — discovered
in Nepal". Global Voices. Accessed and adapted on August 9, 2021.
https://globalvoices.org/2020/08/08/the-first-time-a-rare-golden-turtle-was-
found-was-actually-in-nepal/)

5. The paragraph following the passage will most likely discuss .…

A. research on all turtle populations

B. dangerous factors for turtle populations
C. the suggestion to look after our environment
D. turtle populations’ contribution to reduce pollution
E. some ways to save turtles from threatening factors

Jawaban: E

Pembahasan:
Soal menanyakan topik yang mungkin dibahas setelah paragraf terakhir. Untuk
menjawab soal seperti ini, fokuskan pada paragraf terakhir, khususnya kalimat
terakhir.

Arti kalimat terakhir adalah “Menurut Turtles of Nepal - A Field Guide for Species
Accounts and Distribution, pengeringan lahan basah untuk irigasi dan
penangkapan ikan, penggunaan bahan kimia berlebihan yang akhirnya
meresap ke saluran air, dan metode penangkapan ikan yang tidak
berkelanjutan berdampak negatif pada populasi penyu.". Pada kalimat
sebelumnya, penulis membahas kelangsungan hidup penyu yang
terancam karena beberapa faktor padahal mereka berperan penting dalam
pengurangan polusi.

Berdasarkan hal tersebut, paragraf selanjutnya kemungkinan besar akan

membahas “cara menyelamatkan penyu dari faktor-faktor yang mengancam
kelangsungan hidup mereka tersebut”.

Pilihan A (penelitian terhadap semua populasi penyu) tidak tepat karena

seharusnya penelitian seperti ini disampaikan sebelumnya, khususnya sebelum
menyatakan bahwa populasi mereka terancam.

Pilihan B (faktor yang berbahaya bagi populasi penyu) dan D (kontribusi

populasi penyu berkontribusi untuk mengurangi polusi) tidak tepat karena
justru hal ini telah dijelaskan pada paragraf terakhir teks tersebut.

Pilihan C (saran untuk menjaga lingkungan kita) tidak tepat karena seharusnya

saran tersebut lebih dikhususkan pada menjaga populasi penyunya.

Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah E.

Questions 6 to 8 are based on the following text.

The latest round in an ongoing debate over global-warming trends claims that
warming has indeed slowed down this century. An obvious slowing in the rise of
global temperatures was recorded at the beginning of the twenty-first century.
This was referred to as a "hiatus" or a "pause". This hiatus was first observed
several years ago. Climate-change skeptics have used this as evidence that
global warming has stopped permanently. But in June the previous year, a
study in science claimed that the hiatus was just an artifact which disappears
when biases in temperature data are corrected.

Now a prominent group of researchers is countering that claim. They argue in

Nature Climate Change that even after correcting these biases the slowdown
was real. "There is this mismatch between what the climate models are
producing and what the observations are showing," says lead author John Fyfe.
"We can't ignore it." Fyfe uses the term "slowdown" rather than "hiatus". He
also stresses that it does not in any way weaken global-warming theory.

The study that questioned the existence of the slowdown corrected known
biases in the surface temperature record maintained by the US National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The finding showed
differences in temperature readings from ships and buoys. This effectively
increased the record about warming. The researchers also extended the record
to include 2014. This set a new record high for average temperatures.

Thomas Karl, director of National Centers for Environmental Information in

Asheville, calculated the rate of global warming between 1950 and 1999 as
being 0.113°C per decade. This was similar to the 0.116°C a decade calculated
for 2000-14. This, Karl said, meant that an assessment done by the influential
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2013 showing that warming had
slowed was no longer valid.

(Adapted from www.nature.com)

Topic: Extracting Core Information

Subtopic: Defining the Topic

6. The passage above mainly discusses about….

A. the hiatus observation was first carried out several years ago
B. the reason why global warming is slowing down in this century
C. global warming is a verifiable issue in the space of a decade
D. the contention about global warming and whether it is indeed slowing
this period
E. the view of study in science that the hiatus is an artifact which vanishes
 

Jawaban: D

Perhatikan kalimat pertama pada paragraf ke-1 “The latest round in an ongoing

debate over global-warming trends claims that warming has indeed slowed down
this century.” inti kalimatnya mengatakan adanya perdebatan yang membahas
tentang tren pemanasan global yang melambat abad ini. Maka topik dari teks di
atas adalah (D)  The contention about global warming and whether it is indeed
slowing this period.

Topic: Understanding Implicit Information

Subtopic: Finding Contextual Meaning

7. The word “prominent” in paragraph 2 means….

A. well-known
B. promenade
C. shrewd
D. indolent
E. magnificent

Jawaban: A

Prominent  (Terkenal) memiliki makna yang sama dengan pilihan jawaban

(A) well-known.  Sedangkan, pilihan jawaban (B) promenade artinya
“perjalanan”, (C) shrewd  berarti “cerdas”, (D) indolent  memiliki arti “malas”,
dan (E) magnificent  artinya “sangat bagus”.

Topic: Paraphrasing Detailed Information

Subtopic: Understanding Specific Information

8. Why have some claimed that global warming a fabricated issue?

 A. Because there’s no valid data to prove that global warming is real.
B. Since the existence of the slowdown corrected known biases in the
surface temperature record upheld by the US NOAA.
C. As an assessment done on Climate Change presenting that warming had
slowed was no longer valid.
D. For the researchers is countering that in Nature Climate Change even
after correcting these biases the slowdown was real.
E. Because of the diversification in temperature readings from ships and
buoys, the study found.

Answer: C

Pilihan jawaban (C) merupakan opsi yang tepat karena pada paragraf ke-
4 “This, Karl said, meant that an assessment done by the influential
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2013 showing that warming had
slowed was no longer valid.” dikatakan bahwa perhitungan yang dilakukan oleh
Panel Antarpemerintah pada Perubahan Iklim menunjukkan bahwa pemanasan
telah melambat tidak lagi berlaku, yang mana artinya bahwa pemanasan global
merupakan isu yang tidak benar.

The following text is for questions 9 to 10.

Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in
education. On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching
and learning outcomes. For example, in science and mathematics education,
scholars have documented that the use of ICT can improve students’ conceptual
understanding, problem solving, and team working skills. Consequently, most
curriculum documents state the importance of ICT and encourage school
teachers to use them. However, teachers need to specifically trained in order to
integrate ICT in their teaching.

Schools are known to be resistant to innovation and change, however, the

spread of ICT is beginning to affect how teachers teach. One of the current
issues about the use of ICT is how it is integrated into the curriculum. The
curriculum document provide arguments for introducing ICT in the school
setting. Therefore, schools expect that graduates from teacher education
programs have a reasonable knowledge of how to use ICT. However, this may
not be the case because most current teachers’ pre-service preparation, and
subsequent in-service courses were designed by using traditional educational
technology and settings. Thus, the participants in these courses are not familiar
with the processes, interaction patterns, features, and possibilities of teaching
learning processes based on ICT.

Effective development of pre-service teachers’ ICT proficiency does not seem to

be a direct process, but is the one asking for a careful, complex approach. First,
a need assessment is important to find out what ICT skills and knowledge
teachers need at schools. Second, designers of teacher education programs
should know the pre-service teachers’ perceptions of ICT and their attitudes
toward ICT integration into curriculum. Third, teacher education programs need
to consider the two typical arguments that support the ICT use in schools.

(Adapted from www.cjlt.ca)

Topic: Paraphrasing Detailed Information

Subtopic: Restating Phrases and Sentences

9. Which of the following best restates the sentence “Over the last two decades,
the use of ICT has been an important topic in education. On the one hand,
studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes.” in
paragraph 1?

A. ICT usage has been a vital topic in education and studies indicate that ICT
can develop teaching and learning upshot.
B. Studies have shown that ICT can enrich teaching and learning end result
C. The use of ICT has been an insignificant topic in education. Also, studies
have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes.
D. Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in
educational method.
E. Over the preceding two decades, studies have exposed that ICT can
increase teaching and learning outcomes.

Jawaban: A
Dalam pernyataan “Selama dua dekade terakhir, penggunaan ICT telah menjadi
topik penting dalam pendidikan. Di satu sisi, penelitian telah menunjukkan
bahwa TIK dapat meningkatkan hasil pengajaran dan pembelajaran.” dapat
dinyatakan kembali oleh opsi (A) ICT usage has been a vital topic in education
and studies indicate that ICT can develop teaching and learning upshot.

Topic: Extracting Core Information

Subtopic: Comprehending Main Ideas

10. Based on the passage, paragraph 1 most likely discusses….

A. educational growth in the last two decades

B. the development of education by using ICT
C. the advantages of using ICT in the learning process
D. teachers need to be trained in order to integrate ICT in their teaching
E. ICT and education in today’s learning development

Answer: B

Pertanyaan soal ini intinya menanyakan topik paragraf ke-1. Paragraf ke-1
topiknya membahas penggunaan TIK telah menunjukkan bahwa TIK dapat
meningkatkan hasil pengajaran dan pembelajaran “On the one hand, studies
have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes.”  itu artinya
adanya pengembangan pendidikan dengan menggunakan TIK. Maka pilihan
jawaban (B) the development of education by using ICT merupakan opsi yang
tepat.

Question number 11 to 13 are based on the following text.

Sleepiness after eating is a response of the body to chemical changes during the
digestion process. This is normal and it happens to everybody. However, if
sleepiness occurs every time after eating and obstructs your ability to function,
this may be a concern. Sleepiness after eating is caused by many factors, such as
the type of food you consume, messy sleeping habits, your health condition and
so forth. The body requires energy to function and this energy is obtained
through food. Post-eating, the body releases hormones such as amylin,
glucagon and cholecystokinin. These hormones increase blood sugar levels,
creating a feeling of fullness and producing insulin that will be streamed
through cell tissues and provide energy for them. At the same time, the brain
releases serotonin that causes drowsiness.

Moreover, food also influences melatonin production in the brain. This is the
hormone that is responsible for sleepiness post-meal. Some foods that are rich
in protein, such as meat, poultry, eggs, fish, spinach, tofu, cheese and soybeans
can trigger more drowsiness than others. Additionally, foods containing
carbohydrates also help produce serotonin and tryptophan amino acids found
in the brain. This is the reason why you feel sleepy after eating carbohydrate-
rich foods.

Overeating can also cause sleepiness. Post-meal, the body streams more blood
to the digestive system to better digest foods in massive amounts. This causes a
temporary blood and nutrients shortage in the brain. To prevent post-meal
drowsiness, it’s better to eat a balanced diet containing vegetables, grains and
good fats to provide continuous energy. Drink lots of water and limit your sugar
intake.

Bad sleeping patterns can also cause sleepiness after eating. After a meal, the
body feels full and relaxed, making the body feel like it is resting, resulting in a
feeling of sleepiness, particularly if you didn’t get a good night’s sleep the night
before. To avoid this, improve your sleeping habits to prevent stress. Engaging
in regular physical exercise can help you get a good night’s sleep. It is
recommended that you avoid napping if you are having trouble sleeping at
night.

 (Adapted from www.thejakartapost.com)

Topic: Understanding Implicit Information

Subtopic: Author-related Questions

11. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

 A. To discuss the amount of food to consume so as not to feel sleepy
B. To inform the readers about the factors of sleepiness after eating
C. To argue the effect of eating too much foods for the brain
D. To tell the readers the benefit of eating certain foods
E. To investigate what causes drowsiness after overeating

Jawaban: B

Tujuan penulis dalam menulis teks di atas adalah untuk menginformasikan

faktor kantuk setelah makan.

1. Sleepiness after eating is a response of the body to chemical changes

during the digestion process.
2. Moreover, food also influences melatonin production in the brain. This is
the hormone that is responsible for sleepiness post-meal.
3. Overeating can also cause sleepiness.
4. Bad sleeping patterns can also cause sleepiness after eating. After a meal,
the body feels full and relaxed, making the body feel like it is resting,
resulting in a feeling of sleepiness, particularly if you didn’t get a good
night’s sleep the night before.

Maka pilihan jawaban (B) To inform the readers about the factors of sleepiness
after eating merupakan opsi yang tepat.

Topic: Understanding Implicit Information

Subtopic: Author-related Questions

12. By writing the sentences in paragraph 2, the author intends to tell the
readers about….

A. foods that are rich in protein, such as meat, eggs, fish, tofu, cheese and
soybeans can generate more drowsiness
B. overeating protein and carbohydrate-rich foods obstructs your brain’s
ability to function well
C. the reason why carbohydrate-rich foods make you feel sleepy
D. food combinations containing tryptophan amino acid and carbohydrates
make you feel drowsy
 E. the hormone melatonin production in the brain is responsible for
sleepiness after eating

Jawaban: D

Paragraf ke-2 penulis intinya bermaksud untuk memberitahu pembaca bahwa

kombinasi makanan yang mengandung asam amino triptofan (protein) dan
karbohidrat membuat Anda merasa mengantuk (Additionally, foods containing
carbohydrates also help produce serotonin and tryptophan amino acids found in
the brain. This is the reason why you feel sleepy after eating carbohydrate-rich
foods.). Maka pilihan jawaban (D) food combinations containing tryptophan
amino acid and carbohydrates make you feel drowsy merupakan opsi yang tepat.

Topic: Understanding Implicit Information

Subtopic: Predicting Paragraph

13. It can be predicted from the passage that….

A. the finer you manage your sleep, the more lethargic you feel
B. the more fish you eat, the better it is for the brain
C. the less you eat carbohydrate-rich foods, the less you will feel drowsy
D. the less meat you eat, the more you will feel drowsy
E. the less you consume protein and carbohydrates, the better it is for the
body

Jawaban: C

Dari kalimat “This is the reason why you feel sleepy after eating carbohydrate-rich
foods.” dapat diprediksikan bahwa semakin sedikit Anda mengonsumsi
makanan yang kaya karbohidrat, maka rasa kantuk akan berkurang. Maka
pilihan jawaban (C) the less you eat carbohydrate-rich foods, the less you will feel
drowsy merupakan opsi yang tepat.
The text below is for queries 14 to 15

Indonesia is the world’s third-largest coffee producer and exporter, after Brazil
and Vietnam. National coffee output has grown over the past decades, albeit
not in a linear fashion as harvests fluctuate strongly from one year to another
depending on the weather. With per-capita coffee consumption on the rise both
in Indonesia and the wider region, there is obvious room for further growth, but
there is also an obvious need for investment. The capital required to take
Indonesia’s coffee industry to the next level presents appealing prospects for
investors, while the country’s burgeoning coffee culture also brings
opportunities for foreign exporters.

Indonesia’s tropical climate produces almost ideal conditions for planting

coffee. Today, most Indonesian coffee comes from Sumatra, but Sulawesi and
Kalimantan, the Lesser Sunda Islands of Bali, Sumbawa and Flores as well as the
country’s easternmost region of Papua all contribute to national output.
Robusta coffee makes up more than three quarters of Indonesia’s produce; the
remainder is of the milder Arabica type. The numerous coffee-growing regions
in the country produce beans of distinct flavors and properties, and a number of
highland Arabica coffees from Indonesia are recognized by aficionados the
world over.

Indonesian coffee exports rose from 336,840 tonnes (or 5,614,000 60-KG bags) in
crop year 2000/2001 to 656,400 tonnes (10,940,000 bags) in 2012/2013,
according to data collated by the International Coffee Organization. Total
production over the same period increased from 419,220 tonnes to 763,800
tonnes. At present, the principal destinations for Indonesian coffee are the US,
Japan and Western Europe (particularly Germany), but Indonesia is well placed
to capitalize on the fast-rising demand in the ASEAN region and in China.

Indonesian per-capita consumption of around 1.2 kg in 2012 pales against more

than 4 kg in the US, around 7 kg in the world’s number one coffee producer
Brazil and more than 10 kg in various European countries. But with Indonesian
per-capita consumption having already doubled in just a few years, domestic
demand looks to be on a fast growth trend. This puts the world’s fourth-most
populous country on course to become a leading coffee market. Local demand
is driven by the lifestyle changes that accompany urbanization and economic
development. Caffeine consumption tends to increase when a larger part of the
labor force works in an office environment.
(Adapted from www.gbgindonesia.com)

Topic: Extracting Core Information

Subtopic: Summarizing The Passage

14. What is the best summary of the passage?

A. The primary destinations for Indonesian coffee export are the US, Japan
and Western Europe
B. Total production of Indonesian coffee over the same period has increased
C. Indonesia is well placed to capitalize on the fast-rising demand in the
ASEAN region
D. The various coffee-growing in the country produce beans of distinct
flavors
E. Indonesia’s coffee growing and Indonesia’s coffee industry needs growth
capital

Jawaban: E

Ringkasan yang tepat dari teks di atas adalah pilihan jawaban (E) Indonesia’s
coffee growing and Indonesia’s coffee industry needs growth capital yang
bermakna “Perkembangan kopi Indonesia dan industri kopi Indonesia perlu
pertumbuhan modal” karena kalimat ini mewakili isi dari teks di atas
sebagaimana yang tercantum di kalimat utama paragraf pertama “Indonesia is
the world’s third-largest coffee producer and exporter, after Brazil and Vietnam.
National coffee output has grown over the past decades, albeit not in a linear
fashion as harvests fluctuate strongly from one year to another depending on the
weather. With per-capita coffee consumption on the rise both in Indonesia and the
wider region, there is obvious room for further growth, but there is also an obvious
need for investment.”

Topic: Paraphrasing Detailed Information

Subtopic: Understanding Specific Information

15. What can be inferred from paragraph 3 in the passage?

A. The coffee export has decreased in several years

B. Total production deducted from 419,220 tonnes to 763,800 tonnes
C. Indonesian coffee exports increased from 2000/2001 to 2012/2013
D. Indonesia is in a good site to take advantage of fast-rising demand in
ASEAN
E. The US, Japan and Western Europe are the destination for Indonesian
coffee

Jawaban: C

Dari paragraf ke-3 bisa disimpulkan bahwa ekspor kopi Indonesia telah
meningkat dari tahun 2000/2001 sampai tahun 2012/2013. Ini ada pada awal
kalimat paragraf ke-3 tersebut. Maka pilihan jawaban (C) Indonesian coffee
exports increased from 2000/2001 to 2012/2013 merupakan opsi yang tepat.

Questions 16 - 19 are based on the following passage.

How are we able to find things in the dark? It is because our brain is able to store
information in such a way that it can be retrieved by different senses. It turns
out that the ability to recognise objects across different senses is present in the
tiny brains of an insect. Researchers at Queen Mary University of London and
Macquarie University in Sydney have published new work in the journal Science
showing that bumblebees can also find objects in the dark they've only seen
before.

In the light, but barred from touching the objects, bumblebees were trained to

find rewarding sugar water in one type of object (cubes or spheres) and bitter
quinine solution in the other shape. When tested in the dark, bees preferred the
object that was previously rewarding, spending more time exploring them.

Dr Cwyn Solvi is the lead author on the paper who was based at Queen Mary
University of London and is now at Macquarie University in Sydney. She said:
"The results of our study show that bumblebees don't process their senses as
separate channels -- they come together as some sort of unified
representation."
Selene Gutierrez Al-Khudhairy, co-author on the paper, and now PhD student at
the University of York, said: "This is an amazing feat when you consider the
miniscule size of a bee's brain. Future investigations of the neural circuitry
underlying this ability in bees may one day help reveal how our own brains
imagine the world as we do."

(Adapted from:  https://www.sciencedaily.com. Accessed November 15, 2019)

Topic : Pengetahuan Umum

Subtopic : Extracting Core Information

16. What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage?

A. To explain how bumblebees react to the light.

B. To motivate the readers to preserve bumblebees in the wild.
C. To reveal how important bumblebees are to human survival.
D. To inform a study on the ability of bumblebees in the absence of light.
E. To report the procedure of a study on bumblebees conducted by Dr Cwyn
Solvi. 

Jawaban : D

Pembahasan: 

Pada paragraf pertama, penulis menjelaskan tentang temuan bahwa lebah

dapat mengenali benda yang mereka lihat sebelumnya, dalam gelap. Paragraf
kedua membahas percobaan yang melibatkan aktivitas lebah dalam situasi
terang dan gelap. Paragraf ketiga dan keempat membahas tentang pendapat
para ahli mengenai hasil penelitian tentang kemampuan melihat lebah dalam
gelap Jadi, tujuan penulis menuliskan teks tersebut adalah D. Untuk
menginformasikan penelitian tentang kemampuan lebah tanpa adanya cahaya.

Topic : Pengetahuan Umum

Subtopic : Understanding Specific Information

17. The word “barred” in paragraph two can be best replaced by….

A. blocked
B. distracted
C. permitted
D. provided
E. unsealed

Jawaban : A

Pembahasan :

“In the light, but  barred  from touching the objects” menunjukkan bahwa
penelitian terhadap lebah tersebut dilakukan dalam terang, tetapi si
lebah terhalang dari menyentuh objek yang ia lihat. Sinonim dari
kata “barred” yang artinya terhalang adalah “blocked” sehingga jawaban yang
tepat adalah A.

Topic : Pengetahuan Umum

Subtopic : Extracting Core Information

18. In which paragraph is it mentioned about the benefits of the research for
humans?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5

Jawaban: D

Pembahasan:
Informasi mengenai manfaat penelitian bagi manusia dapat ditemui pada
paragraf keempat: “Future investigations of the neural circuitry underlying this
ability in bees  may one day help reveal how our own brains imagine the world as
we do.” yang artinya penelitian lebih lanjut tentang sirkuit saraf yang mendasari
kemampuan ini (kemampuan “melihat” dalam gelap pada lebah) dapat suatu
saat mengungkap bagaimana otak kita membayangkan dunia.

Topic : Pengetahuan Umum

Subtopic : Understanding Specific Information

19. The writer’s intention in writing the sentence “It turns out that the ability to
recognise objects across different senses is present in the tiny brains of an insect.”
in paragraph 1 is to…

A. confirm that humans and insects are quite similar.

B. emphasize the need for a research on certain insects.
C. prove that bumblebees can see in the dark as well as humans.
D. exemplify the kinds of insects which are able to sense objects in the dark.
E. pinpoint that humans are not the only one who possess the ability
mentioned.

Jawaban : E

Pembahasan:

Pada kalimat tersebut, penulis secara tersirat menyatakan bahwa kemampuan

untuk “melihat” dalam gelap ternyata bukanlah sesuatu yang hanya dimiliki
oleh manusia. Ada makhluk lain yang juga memiliki kemampuan tersebut, yaitu
lebah.

Questions 20 - 23 are based on this passage.

Thomas Matulessy, also known as Kapitan Pattimura or Ahmad Lussy or simply

Pattimura, was an Ambonese soldier and National Hero of Indonesia.
Pattimura was born on 8 June 1783 in Saparua, Maluku; the name Pattimura
was his pseudonym. His parents were Frans Matulessia and Fransina Tilahoi,
and he had a little brother named Yohanis.

Pattimura joined the British army after they took the Maluku islands from the
Dutch colonials. When the islands were returned to the Dutch in 1816, he was
dismissed. Concerned that the Dutch would implement programs that limited
his people, Pattimura led an armed rebellion that captured Fort Duurstede on
16 May 1817. Killing the inhabitants of the fortress and fighting off Dutch
reinforcements, on 29 May he was declared the leader of the Maluku people.

Due to betrayal from Booi's king, Pati Akoon, and Tuanakotta, Pattimura was
arrested on 11 November 1817. He and his fellows were sentenced to death. On
16 December 1817, Pattimura together with Anthony Reebok, Philip
Latumahina, and Said Perintah were hanged in front of Fort Nieuw Victoria in
Ambon.

Pattimura and his war have been used as symbols for both Maluku
independence, such as with the short-lived Republic of South Maluku, and
Indonesian patriotism. In Ambon, he is commemorated in the names of the
University of Pattimura, Pattimura Airport, and a street, as well as a statue;
there are also streets named after him throughout the archipelago.

Topic : Pengetahuan Umum

Subtopic : Extracting Core Information

20. What is the topic of the passage?

A. The life and struggle of Thomas Matulessy.

B. Pattimura as the leader of the Maluku people.
C. Indonesian National Revolution led by Pattimura.
D. Controversy over the capture of Thomas Matulessy.
E. The causal effect of Indonesian War of Independence.

Jawaban : A
Pembahasan:

Awal teks menceritakan awal kehidupan seorang Pattimura. Pertengahan teks

menceritakan perjuangannya melawan penjajah Belanda. Teks diakhiri dengan
bagaimana bangsa ini berterima kasih dan mengenang jasa Pattimura. Dengan
demikian dapat diketahui bahwa topik dari teks di atas adalah kehidupan dan
perjuangan Pattimura (A).

Topic : Pengetahuan Umum

Subtopic : Understanding Specific Information

21. It can be predicted from the passage that ...

A. Indonesia was backed up by the British army during the war.

B. the war of Maluku is considered as the heaviest independence war.
C. had Pattimura not been betrayed, the Dutch would have lost the war.
D. the Dutch would have sold Indonesian women and children to other
countries.
E. King of Booi would have been the leader of the Maluku people after he
cooperated with the Dutch.

Jawaban : C

Pembahasan:

Soalnya meminta kita memprediksi kemungkinan yang terjadi. Jawaban A dan

B salah karena bukan merupakan prediksi tetapi kesimpulan.

Prediksi yang tepat adalah C, yang artinya jika Pattimura tidak dikhianati, maka
Belanda akan kalah perang. Prediksi ini sesuai dengan ceritanya di mana
Belanda kewalahan dalam mengalahkan Pattimura.

Prediksi D salah karena tidak ada informasi pada teks yang dapat dibuat
prediksi bahwa wanita dan anak-anak akan dijual oleh Belanda.

Prediksi E salah karena gelar pemimpin rakyat Maluku ditujukan kepada

pejuang yang melawan Belanda sehingga tidak tepat jika Raja Booi
menginginkan gelar tersebut. Ia justru bekerjasama dengan Belanda untuk
menangkap si pemimpin rakyat Maluku (Pattimura).

Topic : Pengetahuan Umum

Subtopic : Understanding Specific Information

22. The best restatement for the sentence “Due to betrayal from Booi's king, Pati
Akoon, and Tuanakotta, Pattimura was arrested on 11 November 1817.” is….

A. Pattimura was captured on 11 November 1817 for King of Booi, Pati

Akoon, and Tuanakotta disagreed with him.
B. On 11 November 1817, King of Booi cooperated with the Dutch to execute
Pattimura and the other combatants.
C. Booi’s king, Pati Akoon, and Tuanakotta arrested Pattimura on 11
November 1817 because he betrayed the Dutch.
D. The Dutch, with the help of King of Booi and his colleagues, managed to
find Pattimura on 11 November 1817.
E. King of booi together with Pati Akoon and Tuanakotta sold Pattimura out
and made him captured on 11 November 1817.

Jawaban : E

Pembahasan: 

Arti kalimat pada soal adalah “Akibat pengkhianatan Raja Booi, Pati Akoon, and
Tuanakotta, Pattimura ditangkap pada tanggal 11 November 1817.” Kalimat
yang memiliki makna yang sama adalah E, yang artinya Raja Booi bersama
dengan Pati Akoon dan Tuanakotta mengkhianati Pattimura dan membuatnya
tertangkap pada tanggal 11 November 1817.

Topic : Pengetahuan Umum

Subtopic : Understanding Specific Information

23. Which statement is inappropriate with the information provided in the
passage?

A. A sculpture was erected to salute Pattimura.

B. A life sentence handed down to Pattimura for his action against the
Dutch.
C. As well as King of Booi, Tuanakotta objected to Pattimura’s standpoint.
D. Pattimura no longer served the Kingdom of Great Britain when he
ambushed Fort Duurstede.
E. Fort Nieuw Victoria witnessed the execution of Pattimura, Anthony
Reebok, Philip Latumahina, and Said Perintah.

Jawaban : B

Pembahasan: 

Pernyataan yang tidak sesuai dengan teks adalah B. Pernyataan yang benar
adalah Pattimura dijatuhi hukuman mati (death sentence), bukan hukuman
seumur hidup (life sentence).

Jawaban A sesuai teks. Sebuah patung didirikan untuk mengenang Pattimura.

Jawaban C juga sesuai. Sama seperti Raja Booi, Tuanakotta tidak sependapat
dengan perjuangan Pattimura.

Jawaban D sesuai teks. Ketika Pattimura memimpin penyerangan terhadap

benteng Duurstede, ia sudah tidak lagi mengabdi kepada tentara Inggris.

Jawaban E juga sesuai teks. Benteng Victoria menjadi saksi bisu pelaksanaan
eksekusi Pattimura, Anthony Reebok, Philip Latumahina, dan Said Perintah.
Manic depression is another psychiatric illness that mainly affects mood. A
patient suffering from this disease will alternate between periods of manic
excitement and extreme depression, with or without relatively normal
periods in between. The changes in mood suffered by a manic–depressive
patient go far beyond the day-to-day mood changes experienced by the
general population. In the period of manic excitement, the mood elevation
can become so intense that it can result in extended insomnia, extreme
irritability, and heightened aggressiveness. In the period of depression,
which may last for several weeks or months, a patient experiences feelings
of general fatigue, uselessness, and hopelessness, and in serious cases, may
contemplate suicide.

The topic of this passage is…

A.Various psychiatric illnesses
B.How depression affects the mood
C.The intense period of manic excitement
D.The mood changes of manic depression
E.How insomnia happens
Pembahasan:
Topik pada paragraf di atas adalah tentang depresi yang memengaruhi
perasaan seseorang.
Jawaban: B. How depression affects the mood

The passage indicates that most people…

A.Never undergo mood changes
B.Experience occasional shifts in mood
C.Switch wildly from highs to lows
D.Become highly depressed
E.Feel happy anytime
Pembahasan:
Bacaan di atas menyiratkan bahwa hampir sebagian besar orang menjadi
sangat depresi.
Jawaban: D. Become highly depressed