Lesson 1

What is Communication?
 Communication came from Latin word communis = working together.
 Process of sharing and conveying messages or information from one person to
another within and across channels, context, media and cultures. (McCornack,
2014).
 A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a
common system of symbols, signs, or behaviour.

Nature of Communication
1. Dynamic Process
 Communication is a dynamic process. It goes way beyond the words we say.
 Speech refers to the actual words or sounds that are coming from your mouth.
 Language is the grammar, Meaning and ability to use the words you have.
 When people talk about language, they are referring to both verbal and non-verbal
language.
2. Systemic Process
 Communication is a systematic process to create and to interpret the meaning. The
process is Involved how sender and receiver encode and decode the message.
 According to Griffin (2012), 38% of communication is based on use of the voice,
55% is a non-verbal communication and only about 7% of communication is related
to the emotional meaning of message.
 Communication neutrally happened in daily lives from the moment of wake up in the
morning until sleep at night, which is the process of the communication still persists
(Beck, Bennet, & Wall, 2002).
3. Involves Communicator
 Communication involves at least two persons, A sender and a receiver.
4. Irreversible
 We wish we hadn’t said something and we can apologise for something we said and
later regret it but we can’t take it back.
5. Proactive
 Related to the organizational psychology term proactivity, which states that
Individuals should act based on anticipatory behaviour rather than reacting to
situations.
6. Symbolic Interaction
 Focuses on three main aspects of communication: meaning, language and thought.
According to the Theory, meaning is not inherent in objects, But is, instead,
constructed and modified Within different contexts through social Interaction.

7. Meaning is individually construed

  To understand or explain the meaning of (somethIng), especially in a particular way; 
interpret.

Lesson 2
Involves
1. Sending and Receiving
2. Encoding and Decoding

Content
 Needs
 Desires
 Perception
 Knowledge
 Feelings
 Ideas
 Thoughts
 News

Medium
 Speech (face to face)

Other Forms:
 Letter
 Email
 Text
 Television
 Radio
 Memos

Forms
 Linguistic
 Non-Linguistic
 Verbal
 Non-Verbal
 Intentional
 Unintentional
 Conventional
 Unconventional

Purpose
  To inform
 To persuade
 To share
 To emote

Communication
 Is the process of passing information and understanding from one person to
another.
 It’s a two way process.
 Involves, content, medium, forms, and Purpose.

Lesson 3
Communication is a Human Activity
 People communicate their ideas and feelings using a language, in whatever form, to
meet their needs.
 It maybe “a deliberate or accidental transfer of meaning.” (Gamble & Gamble,
2012).
 A human engagement whether it takes place as one speaks with Himself/herself in
prayer or during reflection (intrapersonal) between two people (interpersonal),
among several persons (group communications), or between one person and a big
group of people or the public.

Verbal and Nonverbal Communication

 Verbal Communication make use of words in the process of sending and
receiving messages.
 Written Communication is sending and receiving messages through written
symbols, such as language. It uses traditional pen and paper or electronic
gadgets.
 Oral Communication includes listening and speaking skills. This mode of
Communication maybe done through face -to – face conversations with a
person or a group, or through electronic means such as telephones or
cellphones, video conferencing, or any other medium.
 Talking with your friends over the phone or having face-to- face conversations
are examples of informal oral communication.
 Conducting seminars or lectures, delivering a speech in front of big audience, and
presenting business proposals are examples of formal oral presentations.
 Nonverbal communication is sending and receiving messages without the use
of words; instead, nonverbal language is used such as facial expression and
body movements, among others.
 Although nonverbal language can communicate by itself, it makes Oral
communication more effective when it used appropriately.
Audio and Visual communication
  Audio communication primarily uses sounds to communicate or any form of
transmission that is based on hearing.
 Visual Communication uses aids such as pictures, drawings, llustrations, and
graphic organizers, like charts and tables.
 Audio and visual media usually reinforce oral and written communication, but
they can also communicate by themselves.
In some presentations, they may even replace written and oral communication
altogether.
Example:
1. Charts and tables
2. Advertisement on billboard

Elements of the Communication Process

The Sender
 The communication process begins with the sender, who is also called
the communicator or source.
The Receiver
 The person to whom a message is directed is called the receiver or the interpreter.
The Message
 The message or content is the information that the sender wants to relay to the
receiver.
The Medium
 Also called the channel, the medium is the means by which a message is
transmitted.
Feedback
 The communication process reaches its final point when the message has been
successfully transmitted, received, and understood.

•Noise: This can be any sort of interference that affects the message being
Sent, received, or understood.
•Context: This is the setting and situation in which communication takes
Place. Like noise, context can have an impact on the successful exchange Of
information. It may have a physical, social, or cultural aspect to it.