BUSINESS ETHICS behavior to higher management or to an external
authority or the public
TONY MELOTO’S GAWAD KALINGA
 the achievements of Gawad Kalinga (GK)
have been remarkable, to say the least. Just
15 years after it started in 1995, gk had
built close to 200,000 houses in more than
2,000 gk villages in poor communities all
over the country for a fraction of the cost of
government’s owned subsidized and low
cost housing programs
 gawad kalinga founder; recipient of the
2006 Magsaysay award for community
leadership recognized as “social
entrepreneur of the year.
Poverty - is conceptualized as a deficiency or
shortage of some sort, typically in comparison
either to the living standards of others within the
same society or culture “relative poverty”, or to a
universal measure of adequate provision “absolute
poverty”.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) - is a
“continuing commitment by business to behave
ethically and contribute to economic development
while improving the quality of life of the workforce
and their families, the local community, and society
at large.”
Deceptive Ads - are those that make false
statements about or misrepresent the product, for
example, the picture presented in the
advertisement is different from the actual product.
Article of the Consumer Act of the Philippines
(Republic Act no. 7394) - “the state shall protect
the consumer from misleading advertisements and
fraudulent sales promotion practices”.
The Labor Code of the Philippines (Presidential
Decree no. 442) - a decree instituting a labor code
thereby revising and consolidating labor and social
laws to afford protection to labor, promote
employment and human resources development,
and insure industrial peace based on social justice
Republic Act No. 6727 (Wage Rationalization
Act) - mandates the fixing of the minimum wages
applicable to different industrial sectors
Insider Trading - characterized as the buying or
selling of shares of stock on the basis of information
known only to the trader
Whistle-Blowing - is the act, for an employee of
disclosing what he believes to be unethical or illegal
Social Responsibility - any Responsibility we have,
particularly towards members of the society with
whom you interact or towards the society in
general, are called our social responsibility
Business Social Responsibility - the obligation of
any business to protect and serve public interest is
known as social responsibility of business
Corruption – the violation of public duties by
private interests when rules or norms objectively
define those two realms
 Bribery - an attempt to make someone do
something for you by giving the person
money, presents, or something else that he
or she wants
 Extortion - is the wrongful use of actual or
threatened force, violence or intimidation to
gain money or property from an individual
or entity
 Embezzlement - the crime of secretly
taking money that is in your care or that
belongs to an organization or business you
work for
 Favoritism - the practice of giving unfair
preferential treatment to one person or
group at the expense of another
 Nepotism - the practice among those with
power or influence of favoring relatives or
friends, especially by giving them jobs
 Clientelism - a political or social system
based on the relation of client to patron
with the client giving political or financial
support to a patron in exchange for some
special privilege or benefit
 Fraud – a person or thing intended to
deceive others, typically by unjustifiably
claiming or being credited with
accomplishments or qualities
 Kickback - an amount of money that is paid
to someone illegally in exchange for secret
help or work
High Level of Corruption - can involve
appointments inside information, policy influence,
political party financing, and public official’s misuse
of power
Petty Corruption - everyday corruption where
public officials meet private officials
Vision and Mission - it is need by the company to
sustain the needs of the customers and to follow the
rules and regulation of the company
Abuse - behavior that deviates from formal or
informal rules established by the one that delegated
the activity
Private Benefits - cash, goods, power, benefits to
relatives/kin, religious, ethnic or political groups,
today or in the future for both bribe taker and bribe
maker
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) - also
known as the Global Goals, were adopted by all
United Nations Member States in 2015 as a
universal call to action to end poverty, protect the
planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and
prosperity by 2030
1. No Poverty
2. Zero Hunger
3. Good Health and Well-Being
4. Quality Education
5. Gender Equality
6. Clean Water and Sanitation
7. Affordable and Clean Energy
8. Decent Work and Economic Growth
9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
10. Reducing Inequality
11. Sustainable Cities and Communities
12. Responsible Consumption and
Production
13. Climate Action
14. Life Below Water
15. Life on Land
16. Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
17. Partnerships for the Goals
Recycling - make efforts to reduce the amount of
refuse discharged from the plant by improving the
yield ratio of materials and reducing the defective
ratio, as well as actively promoting recycling of
resources
Green Factory - we have integrated various kinds
of processes for preventing air and water pollution
due to smoke and wastewater emitted from the
plant
Promotion of Green Procurement - procure
materials and sub materials that can be recycled.
We thoroughly prohibit using any hazardous
chemical substances and have shifted to using
materials with fewer environmental wastes
Volunteers - cleaning activities to create a clean
town together with the people of the local societies
Environmental Ethics - this practice provides
information to avoid misused of the raw materials
Employee Ethics - the study of business ethics
refers to the ethical dimensions of productive
organizations and commercial activities, and it
applies to the production, distribution, marketing,
sale and consumption of goods and services
Sexuality - is about your sexual feelings, thoughts,
attractions and behaviors towards other people.
Allosexual – a word and category describing those
who experience sexual attraction
Allosexism – this refers to norms, stereotypes, and
practices in society that operate under the
assumption that all human beings experience, or
should experience, sexual attraction.
Androsexual – a term used to communicate sexual
or romantic attraction to men, males, or
masculinity
Asexual - individuals who don’t experience sexual
attraction to others of any gender
Aromantic - people who experience little or no
romantic attraction, regardless of sex or gender
Autosexual – a person who’s sexually attracted to
themselves
Autoromantic – a romantic orientation that
describes a person who’s romantically attracted to
themselves.
Bicurious - this refers to people who are
questioning or exploring bisexuality, which
typically includes curiosity about one’s romantic or
sexual attraction to people of the same or different
genders
Bisexual – a sexual orientation that describes those
who experience sexual, romantic, or emotional
attractions to people of more than one gender
Biromantic - those who experience romantic
attraction, but not sexual attraction, to individuals
of more than one gender
Prostitution - is the criminal act of providing, or
offering to provide, sexual services in exchange for
compensation
Divorce - a legal action between married people to
terminate their marriage relationship
Specialization - is defined as the division of labour.
Steve Nyugen - leadership and talent development
consultant
Peter Singer – an Australian philosopher says that
where world poverty is concerned 'giving to
charity' is neither charitable nor generous; it is no
more than our duty and not giving would be wrong
Implement and Evaluate - this is where talk meets
action
Ethical Decision - before a model can be utilized,
leaders need to work through a set of steps to be
sure they are bringing a comprehensive lens to
handling ethical disputes or problems
Manager - responsible for planning and directing
the work of group of individuals, monitoring their
performance and taking corrective action when
necessary for the accomplishment of organizational
goals and objectives
 First-line Managers - are at the lowest
level of management and manage the work
of non-managerial employees
 Middle Managers – manage the work of
first-line managers
 Top Managers - are responsible for making
organization-wide decisions and
establishing plans and goals that affect the
entire organization
ROLES OF A MANAGER
Interpersonal Roles
 Figurehead – symbolic head; required to
perform a number of routine duties of a
legal or social nature
 Leader – responsible for the motivation
and direction of employees
 Liaison – maintains a network of outside
contacts who provide favors and
information
Informational Roles
 Monitor – receives wide variety of
information; serves as nerve center of
internal and external information of the
organization
 Disseminator – transmits information
receives from outsiders or from other
employees to members of the organization
 Spokesperson – transmits information to
outsiders on organization’s plans, policies,
actions, and results; serves as expert on
organization’s industry
Decisional Roles
 Entrepreneur – searches organization and
its environment for opportunities and
initiates projects to bring about change
 Disturbance Handler – responsible for
corrective action when organization faces
important, unexpected disturbances
 Resource Allocator – makes or approves
significant organizational decisions
 Negotiator – responsible for representing
the organization at major negotiations
MANAGEMENT SKILLS
 Technical Skills – the ability to apply
specialized knowledge or expertise
 Human Skills – the ability to work with,
understand, and motivate other people,
both individually and in groups
 Conceptual Skills - the mental ability to
analyze and diagnose complex situations
Management Risk - it’s all about keeping the
company's reputation and fiscal health in check
Compliance with the Laws - we tighten
management and monitoring of our facilities by
setting our self-imposed management criteria that
is stricter than the current laws and regulations
Organization - a consciously coordinated social
unit, composed of two or more people, that
functions on a relatively continuous basis to
achieve a common goal or set of goals
Managerial Concerns: Efficiency & Effectiveness
The Family Code of the Philippines (Act. 209) -
provides that the “parents and those exercising
parental authority shall have with respect to their
unemancipated children or wards the following
rights and duties
Confucian Ethics - the practice of the TAO - “the
way of life” or the ultimate purpose and
enlightenment in life – is very important
Hinduism - souls continue to be reborn
Religion - this kind of group believe and practices
that is often focused on one or more deities, or gods
Secondary Stakeholders - they have a potential
influence in the event of boycotts and may emerge
rapidly as players capable of influencing the
company’s performance
Malversation - public funds, the offender
misappropriates public funds for his own personal
use or allows any other person to take such public
funds for the latter's personal use
Conversation - it is a major pastime and people
enjoy joking around and teasing one another