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FC Questions On Magnetic Materials and Its Classifications
FC Questions On Magnetic Materials and Its Classifications
1. What is a magnet?
2. What is a naturally available magnet?
3. What is meant by magnetic materials?
4. Define magnetic properties.
5. What are the three main classifications of magnetic materials?
6. What is the classification of magnets? Explain.
7. What is ferromagnetism explain by giving two examples?
8. What are diamagnetic materials. Give examples.
9. What is Para magnetism. Give examples.
10. Define magnetic moment/magnetic dipole moment. Write its
mathematical expression and SI unit.
11. Define the process of Magnetization ( or magnetic polarization)? Give
its mathematical expression. [Mz = magnetic moment/Volume of
specimen]
12. What are antiferromagnetic materials. Give example.
13. What are hard and soft magnetic materials? Give examples.
14. What is the application of magnetic materials?
15. What is Magnetic susceptibility, χ? Give its mathematical expression
and SI unit
16. What does magnetic susceptibility depend on?
17. What is magnetic permeability ‘µ’ and its formula? Give SI unit.
μ = B/H
18. What is permeability also known as?
19. Define permeability constant, μ0? Give its SI units.
20. Derive the relationship between magnetic permeability and magnetic
susceptibility.
21. Which material has higher magnetic susceptibility?
22. What are electromagnets? Give examples.
23. What is the importance of electromagnetism in modern technology?
24. What is Curie temperature and what happens above Curie temperature?
25. Differentiate between coercivity and retentivity of magnetic material.
Give examples.
26. Define magnetic moment. Give its SI unit.
27. What is Curie temperature? Explain it in relation to magnetization of
magnetic materials.
∴ Volume = Mass/density =
(6.6 x 10-3)/(7.9 x 103) = 8.354 x 10-7 m2.
MZ = M/V = 2.5/ (8.354 x 10-7) = 3.0 x 106 A/m.
31. Magnetic field and magnetic intensity are respectively 1.8 T and
1000 A/m. Find relative permeability and susceptibility.
1432
We have μr = 1 + χ
∴ χ = μr – 1 = 1432 – 1 = 1431
Ans: Relative permeability is 1432 and susceptibility is 1431.
32. Magnetic field and magnetic intensity are respectively 1.6 T and
1000 A/m. Find relative permeability and susceptibility.
33. Magnetic field and magnetic intensity are respectively 1.3 T and
900 A/m. Find permeability, relative permeability, and
susceptibility.
Given: Magnetic field = B = 1.3 T, magnetic intensity = H = 900 A/m, μo =
4π x 10-7 Wb/Am.
To Find: permeability = μ = ?, relative permeability = μr = ?, susceptibility
= χ = ?
Solution:
Solution:
μ = μo ( 1 + χ)
∴ μ = 4π x 10 ( 1 + 5500) = 4 x 3.142 x 10-7 x 5501 = 6.9 x 10-3 H/m.
-7
Solution:
μ = μo ( 1 + χ)
∴ μ = 4π x 10-7 ( 1 + 4000) = 4 x 3.142 x 10-7 x 4001 = 5.028 x 10-3 H/m.
Ans: Permeability at saturation is 5.028 x 10-3 H/m.
35. An iron rod is subjected to a magnetizing field of 1200 A/m. The
susceptibility of iron is 599. Find the permeability and the
magnetic flux per unit area produced.
Given: Magnetizing field = H = 1200 A/m, susceptibility = χ = 599, μo = 4π
x 10-7 Wb/Am.
To Find: permeability = μ = ?, Magnetic flux per unit area = B = ?
Solution:
μ = μo ( 1 + χ)
∴ μ = 4π x 10-7 ( 1 + 599) = 4 x 3.142 x 10-7 x 600 = 7.536 x 10-4 H/m.
Now μ = B/H
∴ χ1/χ2 = T2/T1
∴ T2 = (χ1/χ2) x T1
∴ T2 = (1.2 x 10-5/1.8 x 10-5) x 300 = = (2/3) x 300 = 200 K
Ans: At temperature 200 K, magnetic susceptibility increases to 1.8 x 10-5.
36.The susceptibility of magnesium at 400 K is 1.5 x 10-5. At what
temperature will the susceptibility increases to 1.8 x 10-5.
Given: Initial temperature = T1 = 400K, Initial susceptibility = χ1 = 1.5 x 10-5, Final
susceptibility = χ2 = 1.8 x 10-5.
To Find: Final temperature = T2 = ?
We have χ ∝ 1/T
∴ χ1/χ2 = T2/T1
∴ T2 = (χ1/χ2) x T1
∴ T2 = (1.5 x 10 /1.8 x 10-5) x 400 = = (5/6) x 400 = 333.33 K
-5
We have χ ∝ 1/T
∴ χ1/χ2 = T2/T1
∴ χ2 = (T1/T2) x χ1
∴ χ2 = (250/300) x 1.44 x 10-5 = = (5/6) x 1.44 x 10-5 = 1.2 x 10-5
Ans: At temperature 300 K magnetic susceptibility is 1.2 x 10-5.
38. MCQ
Answer: d) Gold
3. Which type of magnet is used in compass needles?
a. Temporary magnet
b. Permanent magnet
Answer: d) χ=M/H
H: field intensity
M: magnetization
χ: magnetic susceptibility
6. Magnetic materials which align against the magnetic field are known
as _______
a. Diamagnetic
b. Ferromagnetic
c. Paramagnetic
d. None of the options
Answer: a) Diamagnetic
7. The capacity of a material to hold on or resist magnetization is known
as ______
a. Anti-Magnetism
b. Retentivity
c. Coercivity
d. None of the options
Answer: b) Retentivity
8. Capacity of the material to resist the external magnetic field without
becoming demagnetized is known as ______
a. Anti Magnetism
b. Retentivity
c. Coercivity
d. None of the options
Answer: c) Coercivity
Explanation: Coercivity is defined as the capacity of the material to resist the
external magnetic field without becoming demagnetized.
Magnetization
Magnetization, also termed magnetic polarization, is a vector quantity
that measures the density of permanent or induced dipole moment in a
given magnetic material. As we know, magnetization results from the
magnetic moment, which results from the motion of electrons in the
atoms or the spin of electrons or the nuclei.
Permeability
Permeability is a measure of the ease of passage of liquids or gases or
specific chemicals through the material. Permeability is determined by
applying a head and determining the depth of penetration or the amount
of liquid or gas passing through the sample.
Electromagnetism