NCERT Class 12 Social Change & Development in India English

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Q.1) Consider the following statements with respect Q.4) With respect to port city and exported item
to tea plantation in India. during colonial time, which of the following pair are
correctly matched?
1. Tea industry began in India in 1851.
2. Most of the tea gardens were situated in West 1. Madras – Indigo
Bengal. 2. Bombay – Cotton
1. 3.The recruitment of labourers for tea gardens 3. Kolkata – Jute
was carried on for years mostly by contractors
under the provisions of the Transport of Native Choose the correct answer using the code given
Labourers of 1863of Bengal. below.
Choose the correct statement using the code given a) 1 and 2 only
below. b) 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
a) 1 only d) All of the above
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only Q.5) Consider the following statements.
d) 3 only 1. In 1690, an English merchant named Job Charnock
Q.2) With reference to colonization of India, consider arranged to lease five villages by the river Hugli in
the following statements. order to set up a trading post.
2. Fort William is situated near the Hooghly River.
1. Colonialism also led to considerable movement of
people. Choose the correct statement using the code given
2. 2.Impact on the way of capitalism developed in below.
India. a) 1 only
Choose the correct answer using the code given b) 2 only
below. c) Both 1 and 2
d) None of the above
a) 1 only
b) 2 only Q.6) Which of the following pairs are correctly
c) Both 1 and 2 matched?
d) None of the above 1. Ram Mohan Roy – Attacked on practice of sati
Q.3) Consider the following statements with respect 2. M.G Ranade – Widow remarriage
to Britain industrialisation impact on India. 3. Sir Sayed Ahmed Khan – Validity of free inquiry
4. Kandukuri Veeresalingam – Familiarity with
1. In India the impact of the very same British navya-nyaya logic
industrialisation led to deindustrialisation in some
sectors. Choose the correct pair using the code given below.
2. Decline of cities such as Bombay and Madras a) 1 and 2 only
while Surat and Masulipatnam grew. b) 1,2 and 4 only
3. In India the initial impact of the same British c) 1,3 and 4 only
industrialisation led to more people moving into d) All of the above
agriculture sector rather than industrialisation
sector.
Choose the incorrect statement using the code given Q.7) With reference to social organization, which of
below. the following pairs are not correctly matched?
a) 1 only 1. Brahmo Samaj – Punjab

b) 1 and 3 only 2. Arya Samaj – West Bengal
c) 2 only 3. Dev samaj – Maharashtra
d) 2 and 3 only
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NCERT CLASS 12 SOCIAL CHANGE & DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA ENGLISH 1
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Choose the correct answer using the code given Q.11) Consider the following statements with
below. reference to Arya samaj.
a) 1 and 3 only 1. Arya samaj movement is revivalist in nature.
b) 1 and 2 only 2. The first Arya samaj unit was formally set up by
c) 1 only Dayanand Saraswati at Bombay.
d) All of the above 3. He took aspiration from Upanishads.
Q.8) Consider the following statements. Choose the correct answer using the code given
below.
1. Jyotiba Phule recalled the glory of Aryan age while
others like Bal Gangadhar Tilak emphasised the a) 1 and 2 only
glory of the Pre- Aryan period. b) 2 only
2. M.G Ranade opened the first school for women in c) 1 and 3 only
Pune. d) All of the above
Choose the correct statement using the code given Q.12) Consider the following statements with
below. respect to secularization.
a) 1 only 1. Secularisation has usually meant a process of
b) 2 only decline in the influence of religion.
c) Both 1 and 2 2. Indian philosophy of secularism is related to
d) None of the above “Sarva Dharma Sambhava.
Q.9) With reference to sanskritization, consider the Choose the correct statement using the code given
following statements. below.
1. The Sanskritization of a group has usually the a) 1 only
effect of improving its position in the local caste b) 2 only
hierarchy. c) Both 1 and 2
2. It leads to no structural change but only positional d) None of the above
change of some individuals.
3. Sanskritization aspire for an equal society. Q.13) Which of the following are indicator of
secularisation?
Choose the correct statement using the code given
below. 1. Levels of involvement with religious organisations
2. The social and material influence of religious
a) 1 only organisations
b) 1 and 2 only 3. The degree to which people hold religious beliefs
c) 3 only
d) All of the above Choose the correct answer using the code given
below.
Q.10) With reference to westernization, consider the
a) 1 only
following statements.
b) 2 and 3 only
1. Westernisation does involve the imitation of c) 2 only
external forms of culture. d) All of the above
1. 2.It mean that people adopt modern values of
democracy and equality. Q.14) Consider the following personalities.
Choose the incorrect statement using the code given 1. Raja Ravi Varma
below. 2. Abanindranath Tagore
3. Chandu Menon
a) 1 only 4. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2 Which of the above personalities are related to
d) None of the above painting?
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a) 1 ,2 and 4 only c) 2,3,4,5 and 6 only

b) 1,2 and 3 only d) All of the above
c) 1 and 2 only
d) All of the above Q.18) Which of the following are objectives
mentioned in preamble of the constitution?
Q.15) Consider the following statements with
respect to participatory and decentralized 1. Justice
governance. 2. Socialist
3. Democratic
1. Participatory democracy is a system of democracy 4. Equality
in which the members of a group or community
participate collectively in the taking of major Choose the correct answer using the code given
decisions. below.
2. Decentralize governance means that local levels a) 1 and 3 only
are on the front line of the provision of education. b) 1 and 2 only
Choose the correct statement using the code given c) 2 and 3 only
below. d) 1 and 4 only
a) 1 only Q.19) Consider the following statements with

b) 2 only respect to Panchayat Raj institution.
c) Both 1 and 2 1. The 73rd Amendment provided a three-tier
d) None of the above system of Panchayati Raj for all states having a
Q.16) Consider the following statements. population of over twenty-five lakhs.
2. It became mandatory that election to these
1. 1.In 1930, Motilal Nehru and eight other Congress bodies be conducted every five years.
leaders drafted a constitution for India. 3. It constituted District Planning Committee to
2. In 1931, the resolution at the Karachi session of prepare drafts and develop plans for the district
the Indian National Congress dwelt on how as a whole.
independent India’s constitution should look like.
Choose the incorrect statement using the code given below.
below.
a) 1 and 3 only
a) 1 only b) 2 and 3 only
b) 2 only c) 1 and 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2 only d) All of the above
Q.20) Which of the following powers and
responsibilities delegated to the panchayat?
Q.17) With reference to Karachi session, which of the
following were included under swaraj government? 1. To prepare plans and schemes for economic
development
1. Freedom of expression, association and meeting. 1. 2.To promote schemes that will enhance social
2. Freedom of religion. justice
3. Protection of all cultures and languages. 2. To levy, collect and appropriate taxes, duties, tolls
4. All citizens shall be equal before the law. and fees
5. Religious neutrality of State. 3. Help in the devolution of governmental
6. Voting rights to all male responsibilities except the finances to local
authorities.
Choose the correct answer using the code given
below. Choose the correct answer using the code given
below.
a) 1,2,3,4 and 5 only
b) 1,3,4 and 6 only a) 1 and 3 only
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b) 1,2 and 3 only d) All of the above

c) 1,2 and 4 only
d) All of the above Q.24) With reference to dominant landowning group
in different parts of the country, which of the
Q.21) Consider following statements with reference following pair is not correctly matched?
to Integrated Rural Development Plan.
1. Vokkaliga – Kerala
1. The Integrated Rural Development Program 2. Kammas – Karnataka
(IRDP) was launched by the Government of India 3. Jat Sikhs – Punjab
during 1978. 4. Rajputs – Uttar Pradesh
2. The aim of the program is to provide employment
opportunities to the poor as well as opportunities Choose the answer using the code given below.
to develop their skill sets so as to improve their a) 1 and 2 only
living conditions. b) 2 and 3 only
Choose the incorrect statement using the code given c) 1 and 4 only
below. d) 3 and 4 only
a) 1 only Q.25) With reference to ryotwari system, consider

b) 2 only the following statements.
c) Both 1 and 2 1. This was only practised in the Madras and
d) None of the above Bombay areas.
Q.22) Which of the following are business interest 2. The taxes were directly collected by the
group of India? government from the peasants.
3. In this system, the peasants or cultivators were
1. Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and regarded as the owners of the land.
Industry
2. Associated Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Choose the incorrect statement using the code given
India below.
3. Hind Mazdoor Sabha a) 1 only
4. Federation of All India Foodgrain Dealers b) 1 and 2 only
Association c) 2 only
Choose the correct answer using the code given d) 1 and 3 only
below. Q.26) With reference to land celling act, consider the
a) 1 and 4 only following statements.
b) 1, 2 and 3 only 1. These laws imposed an upper limit on the amount
c) 1, 2 and 4 only of land that can be owned by a particular family.
d) All of the above 1. 2.The ceiling is same for all over the country.
Q.23) In different part of the country, new year is 2. It allowed a separate share of land for unmarried
celebrated by different names. With reference to it, women and wives.
which of the pair is correctly matched? Choose the correct statement using the code given
1. Ugadi – West Bengal below.
2. Pongal – Tamil Nadu a) 1 and 3 only
3. Bihu – Assam b) 1 only
4. Baisakhi – Punjab c) 2 and 3 only
Choose the correct pair using the code given below. d) All of the above
a) 1 and 4 only
b) 2,3 and 4 only Q.27) With reference to green revolution, consider
c) 1,2 and 3 only the following statements.
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1. Employment and wages for agricultural workers 3. The term footloose labour was coined by Jan
did increase in many areas. Breman.
2. Green Revolution strategy was the worsening of
regional inequalities. Choose the correct answer using the code given
3. Green Revolution crops were highly profitable and below.
eco friendly. a) 1 and 3 only
Choose the correct statement using the code given b) 2 only
below. c) 1 and 2 only
d) All of the above
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only Q.31) With reference to convergence thesis, consider
c) 1 and 3 only the following statements.
d) All of the above 1.The convergence thesis put forward by
Q.28) Which of the following areas were affected by modernisation theorist Clark Kerr.
the first wave of Green Revolution? 2.According to it, an industrialised India of the 21st
1. Western Uttar Pradesh century shares more features with China or the
2. Coastal Andhra Pradesh United States in the 21st century than it shares with
3. Punjab 19th century India.
4. Northern parts of Karnataka Choose the incorrect statement using the code given
5. Some parts of Tamil Nadu below.
Choose the correct answer using the code given a) 1 only
below. b) 2 only
a) 1,2,3 and 4 only c) Both 1 and 2
b) 1,3,4 and 5 only d) None of the above
c) 1,2,3 and 5 only Q.32) Consider the following statements.
d) All of the above
4. The organised sector consists of all units
employing ten or more people throughout the
Q.29) With reference to bonded labourers, which of year.
the following pairs are correctly matched ? 5. In India, over 90% of the work, whether it is in
1. Bandhua Mazdoor – Maharashtra agriculture, industry or services is in the
2. Halpati system – Gujarat unorganised or informal sector.
3. Jeeta system – Karnataka Choose the incorrect statement using the code given
Choose the correct pair using the code given below. below.
a) 1 and 3 only a) 1 only

b) 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 2 only c) Both 1 and 2
d) All of the above d) None of the above
Q.30) Consider the following statements with Q.33) Consider the following statements with
respect to footloose labour. respect to functions of the World trade organisation.
1. Migrant workers come mainly from drought- 1. Ensure the developing countries benefit from
prone and less productive regions, and they go to world trade, especially for the Developed
work for part of the year on farms; called countries.
footloose labour. 2. Reduce barriers to international trade – both tariff
2. They have freedom to choose and work. barriers and non-tariff barriers.
3. Get the members Enter into multilateral trade
agreements to achieve above objectives.
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Choose the correct statements using the code given Which of the above statement is not correct about
below. electronic money?
a) 1 and 3 Only a) 1 and 3 only
b) 2 only b) 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only c) 2 and 3 only
d) All of the above d) All of the above
Q.34) Which of the following are social effect of Q.37) Which of the following economic activity
globalization in India? included under weightless economy?
1. 1.Exports and imports boomed due to opening up 1. Providing service
of trade markets. 2. Production of material goods
2. Nuclear families increased at the expense of joint 3. Information and analysis
families. 4. Research work
3. Family ceased to be a unit of production.
4. Caste based occupations are getting converted to Choose the correct answer using the code given
merit-based occupations. below.
Choose the correct answer using the code given a) 1,2 and 4 only
below. b) 1,3 and 4 only
c) 2,3 and 4 only
a) 1,2 and 3 only d) All of the above
b) 3 and 4 only
c) 2,3 and 4 only Q.38) With reference to regional organisation and
d) All of the above their headquarters, which of the following pairs are
correctly matched?
Q.35) Consider the following statements with
respect to transitional corporations. 1. Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) –
Singapore
1. TNCs are companies that produce goods or 2. South Asian Regional Conference (SARC) -
market services in more than one country. Kathmandu
2. These may be relatively small firms with one or 3. European Union (EU) – Brussels
two factories outside the country in which they
are based. Choose the correct answer using the code given
below.
a) 1 and 3 only
below.
b) 2 only
a) 1 only c) 2 and 3 only
b) 2 only d) All of the above
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None of the above Q.39) With reference to nationalist newspaper and
their language, which of the following pairs are not
Q.36) Consider the following statement about correctly matched?
electronic money.
1. Kesari – English
1. In India the field of electronic money is regulated 2. Masherbrum – Hindi
by the RBI mainly under Payment and Settlement 3. Amrita Bazar Patrika – English
System Act (PPS Act) 2007
2. Electronic money involve bank accounts in Choose the correct answer using the code given
transaction but acts as a prepaid bearer below.
instrument. a) 1 and 2 Only
3. This new ability to move ‘electronic money’ b) 3 only
instantaneously carries no risk. c) 1 and 3 only
d) All of the above
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Q.40) Consider the following statements. Choose the correct answer using the code given
below.
1. At the time of independence, All India Radio had
an infrastructure of six radio stations, located in a) 1 and 2 only
metropolitan cities. b) 2 only
2. Television programming was introduced c) 1 and 3 only
experimentally in India to promote rural d) All of the above
development as early as 1959.
Q.44) With reference to differences between social
Choose the correct statement using the code given change and social movements, consider the
below. following statements.
a) 1 only 1. Social change is continuous and ongoing, while
b) 2 only social movement involves long and continuous
c) Both 1 and 2 social effort and action by people directed
d) None of the above towards some specific goal.
2. Social movements are the sum total of countless
Q.41) Which of the following pairs are correctly individual and collective actions gathered across
matched? time and space.
1. Raja Rammohun Roy – Marat-ul-Akbar Choose the correct statement using the code given
2. Ishwar Chandra Vidyanagar – Shome Prakash below.
3. Martha – Bal Gangadhar Tilak
a) 1 only
Choose the correct answer using the code given b) 2 only
below. c) Both 1 and 2
a) 1 and 2 only d) None of the above
b) 1 and 3 only Q.45) Which of the following are cause of tribal
c) 2 and 3 only movements in Jharkhand?
d) All of the above
1. Acquisition of land for large irrigation projects and
Q.42) Consider the following statements about soap firing ranges
opera. 2. Collection of loans, rent and cooperative dues,
1. Soap operas are stories that are serialised. which were resisted
2. Mahabharata was India’s first long-running soap 3. Nationalisation of forest produce which they
opera. boycotted
3. Soap operas presume a history, which the regular Choose the correct answer using the code given
viewer knows. below.
Choose the correct statement using the code given a) 1 and 2 Only
below. b) 2 and 3 only
a) 1 and 2 only c) 1 and 3 only
b) 2 only d) All of the above
c) 1 and 3 only Q.46) With reference to All India Trade Union
d) All of the above congress, consider the following statements.
Q.43) Consider the following statements. 1. In 1922, the All-India Trade Union Congress
1. A social movement requires sustained collective (AITUC) was formed in Bombay.
action over time. 2. The AITUC was a broad-based organisation but it
2. Social movements often arise with the aim of involves similar ideologies.
bringing about changes on a public issue. 3. The formation of the AITUC made the colonial
3. A social movement has a general orientation or government more cautious in dealing with labour.
way of approaching to bring about change only.
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Choose the incorrect statement using the code given 4. Narmada Bachao Angolan
below.
Choose the correct answer using the code given
a) 1 and 2 Only below.
b) 2 only
a) 1,3 and 4 only
c) 3 only
d) All of the above b) 1,2 and 4 only
c) 1 and 4 only
Q.47) With reference to difference between the form d) All of the above
of new and old social movements, consider the
following statements. Q.50) With reference to peasants’ movement in
India, consider the following statements.
1. The old social movements functioned within the
frame of political parties, while new form people 1. The peasant movements in the period between
left out by the formal political system join social 1858 and 1914 tended to remain localised,
movements or non-party political formations. disjointed and confined to particular grievances.
2. The old social movements clearly saw 2. Between 1920 and 1940 peasant organisations
reorganisation of power relations as a central arose.
goal, while ‘new’ social movements were about 3. The first organisation to be founded was the All-
quality-of-life issues such as having a clean India Kisan Sabha.
environment. Choose the incorrect statement using the code given
Choose the correct statement using the code given below.
below. a) 1 and 3 only
a) 1 only b) 2 only
c) 3 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2 d) 1 and 2 only
e) None of the above

Q.48) Consider the following statements about
theory of relative deprivation.
1. 1.It states that social conflict arises when a social
group feels that it is worse off than others around
it.
2. It emphasises the role of psychological factors
such as resentment and rage in inciting social
movements.
Choose the incorrect statement using the code given
below.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
Q.49) Which of the following are ecological
movements?
1. Chipko Movement
2. Apikoo Movement
3. Silent valley Movement
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Q.1)
Ans: c
Exp:
• Statement 1 is correct: Tea industry began in

India in 1851.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: Most of the tea gardens
were situated in Assam. In 1903, the industry
employed 4,79,000 permanent and 93,000
temporary employees. Since Assam was sparsely
populated and the tea plantations were often
located on uninhabited hillsides, bulk of the sorely
needed labour had to be imported from other
provinces.
• Statement 3 is correct: The recruitment of
labourers for tea gardens of Assam was carried on
for years mostly by contractors under the
provisions of the Transport of Native Labourers
Act (No. III) of 1863 of Bengal as amended in
1865, 1870 and 1873.
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installation of mechanised factory industries,

some towns became much more heavily
Q.2) populated.
Ans: c • Statement 3 is correct: In India the initial impact
of the same British industrialisation led to more
Exp: people moving into agriculture sector rather than
• Statement 1 is correct: Colonialism also led to industrialisation sector.
considerable movement of people. It led to
movement of people from one part to another Q.4)
within India.
• Statement 2 is correct: Western colonialism was Ans: d
inextricably connected to the growth of western Exp:
capitalism. This had a lasting impact on the way
capitalism developed in a colonised country like • Pair 1 is correct: India’s raw cotton were shipped
India. through the Bombay.
• Capitalism is an economic system in which the • Pair 2 is correct: Calcutta exported jute to
means of production are privately owned and Dundee.
organised to accumulate profits within a market • Pair 3 is correct: Madras sent coffee, sugar, indigo
system. Capitalism in the west emerged out of a dyes and cotton to Britain.
complex process of European exploration of the
rest of the world, its plunder of wealth and
resources, an unprecedented growth of science Q.5)
and technology, its harnessing to industries and Ans: b
agriculture.
Exp:
Q.3) • Statement 1 is incorrect: In 1690, an English

merchant named Job Charnock arranged to lease
Ans: c three villages (named Kolikata, Gobindapur, and
Exp: Sutanuti) by the river Hugli in order to set up a
trading post.
• Industrialisation refers to the emergence of • Statement 2 is correct: In 1698, Fort William was
machine production, based on the use of established near the Hooghly river for defensive
inanimate power resources like steam or purposes, and a large open area was cleared
electricity. around the fort for military engagements.
• Statement 1 is correct: In India the impact of the
very same British industrialisation led to
deindustrialisation in some sectors. And decline of Q.6)
old urban centres. Ans: d
• Just as manufacturing boomed in Britain,
traditional exports of cotton and silk Exp:
manufactures from India declined in the face of
• Pair 1 is correct: Ram Mohan Roy attacked the
Manchester competition.
practice of sati on the basis of both appeals to
• Statement 2 is incorrect: This period of humanitarian and natural rights doctrines as well
industrialization in India also saw the further as Hindu shastras.
decline of cities such as Surat and Masulipatnam
• Pair 2 is correct: Ranade’s writings entitled The
while Bombay and Madras grew. When the British
Texts of the Hindu Law on the Lawfulness of the
took over Indian states, towns like Thanjavur,
Remarriage of Widows and Vedic Authorities for
Dhaka, and Murshidabad lost their courts and,
Widow Marriage elaborated the shastric sanction
therefore, some of their artisans and court gentry.
for remarriage of widows.
From the end of the 19th century, with the
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• Pair 3 is correct: Sir Sayed Ahmed Khan’s change but only positional change of some
interpretation of Islam emphasised the validity of individuals. In other words inequality continues to
free enquiry (ijtihad) and the alleged similarities persist though some individuals may be able to
between Koranic revelations and the laws of improve their positions within the unequal
nature discovered by modern science. structure.
• Pair 4 is correct: Kandukuri Veeresalingam’s The • Statement 3 is incorrect: Sanskritization, instead
Sources of Knowledge reflected his familiarity of aspiring for an equal society, the exclusion and
with navya-nyaya logic. At the same time he discrimination seek to give their own meaning to
translated Julius Huxley. their excluded status.
Q.10)
Q.7)
Ans: b
Ans: d
Exp:
Exp:
• Statement 1 is correct: Westernisation does
• Pair 1 is incorrect: Brahmo Samaj – West Bengal involve the imitation of external forms of culture.
• Pair 2 is incorrect: Arya Samaj – Punjab • Statement 2 is incorrect: It does not necessarily
• Pair 3 is incorrect: Dev samaj – Lahore mean that people adopt modern values of
democracy and equality.
Q.8)
Ans: d Q.11)
Exp: Ans: a
• Statement 1 is incorrect: Phule recalled the glory Exp:

of pre- Aryan age while others like Bal Gangadhar • Statement 1 is correct: Arya samaj movement is
Tilak emphasised the glory of the Aryan period. revivalist in nature.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: Jyotiba Phule who • Statement 2is correct: The first Arya samaj unit
opened the first school for women in Pune. was formally set up by Dayanand Saraswati at
Bombay.
Q.9 • Statement 3 is incorrect: He took aspiration from
Vedas.
Ans: b
Exp: Q.12)
• The term Sanskritisation was coined by M.N. Ans: c
Srinivas. It may be briefly defined as the process
by which a ‘low’ caste or tribe or other group Exp:
takes over the customs, ritual, beliefs, ideology • Statement 1 is correct: Secularisation has usually
and style of life of a high and, in particular, a meant a process of decline in the influence of
‘twice-born (dwija) caste’. religion.
• Statement 1 is correct: The Sanskritisation of a • Statement 2 is correct: Indian philosophy of
group has usually the effect of improving its secularism is related to “Sarva Dharma
position in the local caste hierarchy. Sambhava”. which means equal respect to all
• Statement 2 is correct: Sanskritisation as a religions.
concept has been criticised at different levels.
One, it has been criticised for exaggerating social
mobility or the scope of ‘lower castes’ to move up Q.13)
the social ladder. For it leads to no structural
Ans: d
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Exp: elections but a substantive reworking of the

Indian social structure in order to have a genuine
• All the statements are correct. democratic society.
• Indicators of level of secularisation:
• levels of involvement with religious organisations
(such as rates of church attendance) Q.17)
• the social and material influence of religious
Ans: a
organisations
• the degree to which people hold religious beliefs Exp:
• Karachi Congress Resolution, 1931
Q.14) • Swaraj as conceived by the Congress should
include real economic freedom of the masses.
Ans: d
• They Congress declares that no constitution will
Exp: be acceptable to it unless it provides or enables
the Swaraj Government to provide for:
• All the options are correct. • Point 1 is correct: Freedom of expression,
• Apart from ways of life and thinking the west association and meeting.
influenced Indian art and literature. Artists like • Point 2 is correct: Freedom of religion.
Ravi Varma, Abanindranath Tagore, Chandu • Point 3 is correct: Protection of all cultures and
Menon and Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya languages.
were all grappling with the colonial encounter • Point 4 is correct: All citizens shall be equal before
through their painting. the law.
• No disability in employment or trade or
Q.15) profession on account of religion, caste or sex.
• Equal rights and duties for all in regard to public
Ans: c wells, schools, etc.
Exp: • All to have right to bear arms in accordance with
regulations.
• Statement 1 is correct: Participatory democracy is • No person to be deprived of property or liberty
a system of democracy in which the members of a except in accordance with law.
group or community participate collectively in the • Point 5 is correct: Religious neutrality of State.
taking of major decisions. • Point 6 is incorrect: Adult Suffrage.
• Statement 2 is correct: Decentralize governance • Free compulsory primary education.
means that local levels are on the front line of the • No titles to be conferred.
provision of education. • Capital punishment to be abolished.
Q.16) Q.18)
Ans: a Ans: d
Exp: Exp:
• Statement 1 is incorrect: In 1928, Motilal Nehru • Aims and objective mentioned in the preamble
and eight other Congress leaders drafted a of constitution include:
constitution for India. • Point 1 and 4 are correct: Justice, liberty, Equality
• Statement 2 is correct: In 1931, the resolution at and Fraternity.
the Karachi session of the Indian National • Point 2 and 3 are incorrect: Sovereign, socialist,
Congress dwelt on how independent India’s secular, democratic and republic present the
constitution should look like. nature and character of the Indian constitution.
• The Karachi Resolution reflects a vision of
democracy that meant not just formal holding of
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Q.19) • Statement 3 is correct: The aim of the program is

to provide employment opportunities to the poor
Ans: b
as well as opportunities to develop their skill sets
Exp: so as to improve their living conditions.
• The program is considered one of the best yojanas
• Statement 1 is incorrect: The 73rd Amendment to do away with poverty related problems by
provided a three-tier system of Panchayati Raj for offering those who fell below the poverty line the
all states having a population of over twenty necessary subsidies in tandem with employment
lakhs. opportunities.
• Statement 2 is correct: It became mandatory that
election to these bodies be conducted every five
years. Q.22)
• It provided reservation of seats for the Scheduled
Castes, Scheduled Tribes and thirty three percent Ans: c
seats for women.
Exp:
• Statement 3 is correct: It constituted District
Planning Committee to prepare drafts and • A pressure group is a group of people who are
develop plans for the district as a whole. organised actively for promoting and defending
their common interest. It is called so, as it
attempts to bring a change in public policy by
Q.20)
exerting pressure on the government.
Ans: b • Business Pressure Groups:
• Point 1 is correct: Federation of Indian Chamber
Exp:
of Commerce and Industry (FICCI)
• According to the Constitution, Panchayats should • Point 2 is correct: Associated Chamber of
be given powers and authority to function as Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM)
institutions of self-government. It, thus, requires • Point 4 is correct: Federation of All India Food
all state governments to revitalise local grain Dealers Association (FAIFDA)
representative institutions. • Point 3 is incorrect: Hind Mazdoor Sabha is a
• Statement 1 is correct: The following powers and trade union.
responsibility were delegated to the Panchayats.
• Statement 2 is correct: To prepare plans and
Q.23)
schemes for economic development
• Statement 3 is correct: To promote schemes that Ans: b
will enhance social justice
Exp:
• Statement 4 is incorrect: To levy, collect and
appropriate taxes, duties, tolls and fees help in • Pair 2 is correct: Pongal in Tamil Nadu
the devolution of governmental responsibilities, • Pair 3 is correct: Bihu in Assam
especially that of finances to local authorities • Pair 4 is correct: Baisakhi in Punjab
• Pair 1 is incorrect: Ugadi in Karnataka
Q.21)
Ans: d Q.24)
Exp: Ans: a
• Statement 1 is correct: The Integrated Rural Exp:

Development Program (IRDP) was launched by • Dominant landowning groups:
the Government of India during 1978 and • Pair 4 is correct: the Jats and Rajputs of Uttar
implemented during 1980. Pradesh
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• Pair 1 is incorrect: the Vokkaliga and Lingayat in Exp:

Karnataka
• Statement 1 is correct: Employment and wages
• Pair 2 is incorrect: Kammas and Reddis in Andhra
for agricultural workers did increase in many
Pradesh
areas, because they yielded more produce. Well-
• Pair 3 is correct: Jat Sikhs in Punjab
to-do farmers who had access to land, capital,
technology, and know-how, and those who could
Q.25) invest in the new seeds and fertilisers, could
increase their production and earn more money.
Ans: a • Statement 2 is correct: Green Revolution strategy
Exp: was the worsening of regional inequalities.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: Though Green
• Statement 1 is incorrect: Rayotwari was practised Revolution crops were highly profitable and but it
in the Madras and Bombay areas, as well as is not eco friendly. Use of pesticides and chemical
Assam and Coorg provinces. fertilizer negatively affects the land.
• Statement 2 is correct: The taxes were directly
collected by the government from the peasants.
• Statement 3 is correct: In this system, the Q.28)
peasants or cultivators were regarded as the Ans: c
owners of the land. They had ownership rights,
could sell, mortgage or gift the land. Exp:
• Point 1,2,3 and 5 is correct: Only certain regions
Q.26) such as the Punjab, western U.P., coastal Andhra
Pradesh, and parts of Tamil Nadu, received the
Ans: b first wave of the Green Revolution package
Exp: • Point 4 is incorrect: Northern parts of Karnataka
did not experienced the first wave of Green
• Statement 1 is correct: Land celling Act imposed Revolution.
an upper limit on the amount of land that can be
owned by a particular family.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: The ceiling varies from Q.29)
region to region, depending on the kind of land,
its productivity, and other such factors. Very Ans: b
productive land has a low ceiling while
Exp:
unproductive dry land has a higher ceiling limit.
• According to these acts, the state is supposed to • lack of resources, and dependence on the landed
identify and take possession of surplus land class for economic, social, and political support,
(above the ceiling limit) held by each household, meant that many of the working poor were tied to
and redistribute it to landless families and landowners in ‘hereditary’ labour relationships
households in other specified categories, such as (bonded labour).
SCs and STs. • This system is known by different names in
• Statement 3 is incorrect: Some places, some rich different part of the country:
farmers actually divorced their wives (but • Pair 2 is correct: Halpati system in Gujarat
continued to live with them) in order to avoid the • Pair 3 is correct: Jeeta system in Karnataka
provisions of the Land Ceiling Act, which allowed a • Pair 1 is incorrect: Bandhua mazdoori in Bihar
separate share of land unmarried women but not
for wives.
Q.30)
Q.27) Ans: a
Ans: a Exp:
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• Statement 1 is correct: Migrant workers come • Functions of the World trade organisation
mainly from drought-prone and less productive • Statement 1 is incorrect: Ensure the developing
regions, and they go to work for part of the year countries benefit from world trade, especially the
on farms; called footloose labour. least Developed countries.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: But here, footloose does • Statement 2 is correct: Reduce barriers to
not imply freedom. Breman’s (1985) study shows, international trade – both tariff barriers and non-
to the contrary, that landless workers do not have tariff barriers.
many rights, for instance, they are usually not • Statement 3 is correct: Get the members Enter
paid the minimum wage. It should be noted here into multilateral trade agreements to achieve
that wealthy farmers often prefer to employ above objectives.
migrant workers for harvesting and other such • Provide forum for negotiation and dispute
intensive operations, rather than the local settlement for the members, if the agreements
working class, because migrants are more easily are violated.
exploited and can be paid lower wages.
• Statement 3 is correct: The term footloose labour
was coined by Jan Breman. Q.34)
Ans: c
Q.31) Exp:
Ans: d • Economic impact of globalisation:

• Statement 1 is incorrect: Exports and imports
Exp: boomed due to opening up of trade markets.
• Globalization is responsible for the growth of
• Statement 1 is correct: The convergence thesis
many industries in India and especially software
put forward by modernisation theorist Clark Kerr.
industry.
• Statement 2 is correct: According to it, an
• Access to technologies depending on the nations
industrialised India of the 21st century shares
responsiveness to respect to protection of IPR and
more features with China or the United States in
the responsible usage of technologies.
the 21st century than it shares with 19th century
India. • Social impact of globalization:
• Statement 2 is correct: Nuclear families increased
at the expense of joint families.
Q.32) • Statement 3 is correct: Family ceased to be a unit
of production.
Ans: d
• Statement 4 is correct: Caste based occupations
Exp: are getting converted to merit based occupations.
• Statement 1 is correct: The organised sector

consists of all units employing ten or more people Q.35)
throughout the year. These have to be registered
Ans: c
with the government to ensure that their
employees get proper salaries or wages, pension Exp:
and other benefits.
• Statement 2 is correct: In India, over 90% of the • Statement 1 is correct: Transitional corporations
work, whether it is in agriculture, industry or are companies that produce goods or market
services is in the unorganised or informal sector. services in more than one country.
• Statement 2 is correct: These may be relatively
small firms with one or two factories outside the
Q.33) country in which they are based.
Ans: c • They could also be gigantic international ones
whose operations criss- cross the globe.
Exp:
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• Some of the biggest TNCs are companies known • Pair 2 is correct: South Asian Regional Conference
all around the world: Coca Cola, General Motors, (SARC) - Kathmandu
Colgate-Palmolive, Kodak, Mitsubishi and many • Pair 3 is correct: European Union (EU) – Brussels
others. (Belgium)
• They are oriented to the global markets and
global profits even if they have a clear national
base. Some Indian corporations are also becoming Q.39)
transnational.
Ans: a
Q.36) Exp:
Ans: c • Pair 1 is incorrect: Kesari - Marathi

• Pair 2 is incorrect: Masherbrum – Malayalam
Exp: • Pair 3 is correct: Amrita Bazar Patrika – English
• Statement 1 is correct: In India the field of
electronic money is regulated by the RBI mainly Q.40)
under Payment and Settlement System Act (PPS
Act) 2007 Ans: c
• Statement 2 is incorrect: Electronic money need
Exp:
not necessarily involve bank accounts in
transaction but acts as a prepaid bearer • Statement 1 is correct: When India gained
instrument. independence in 1947, All India Radio had an
• Statement 3 is incorrect: This new ability to move infrastructure of six radio stations, located in
‘electronic money’ instantaneously carries it with metropolitan cities. The country had 280,000
greater risks. radio receiver sets for a population of 350 million
people. After independence the government gave
priority to the expansion of the radio broadcasting
Q.37)
infrastructure, especially in state capitals and in
Ans: b border areas.
• Statement 2 is correct: Television programming
Exp: was introduced experimentally in India to
• Point 1,3 and 4 is correct: The weightless promote rural development as early as 1959.
economy or knowledge economy is one in which Later, the Satellite Instructional Television
products have their base in information, as in the Experiment (SITE) broadcasted directly to
case with computer software, media and community viewers in the rural areas of six states
entertainment products, research works and between August 1975 and July 1976.
internet- based services.
• Point 2 is incorrect: In this much of the workforce
is involved not in the physical production or Q.41)
distribution of material goods, but in their design, Ans: d
development, technology, marketing, sale and
servicing. Exp:
• All the pairs are correctly matched.
Q.38) • Raja Rammohun Roy – Marat-ul-Akbar
• Ishwar Chandra Vidyanagar – Shome Prakash
Ans: c
• Martha – Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Exp:
• Pair 1 is incorrect: Association of South East Asian Q.42)
Nations (ASEAN) – Jakarta (Indonesia
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Ans: c • Statement 2 is correct: Collection of loans, rent

and cooperative dues, which were resisted.
Exp:
• Statement 3 is correct: Nationalisation of forest
• Statement 1 is correct: Soap operas are stories produce which they boycotted.
that are serialised.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: Hum log was India’s first Q.46)
long-running soap opera.
• Statement 3 is correct: Soap operas presume a Ans: a
history, which the regular viewer knows.
Exp:
Q.43) • Statement 1 is incorrect: In 1920, the All-India

Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was formed in
Ans: a Bombay.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: AITUC was a broad-
Exp:
based organisation involves diverse ideologies.
• Statement 1 is correct: A social movement The main ideological groups were the communists
requires sustained collective action over time. led by S.A. Dange and M.N. Roy, the moderates
Such action is often directed against the state and led by M. Joshi and V.V. Giri and the nationalists
takes the form of demanding changes in state which involved people like Lala Lajpat Rai and
policy or practice. Jawaharlal Nehru.
• Statement 2 is correct: Social movements often • Statement 3 is correct: The formation of the
arise with the aim of bringing about changes on a AITUC made the colonial government more
public issue. cautious in dealing with labour.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: A social movement has a
general orientation or way of approaching to Q.47)
bring about the change or to prevent change.
Ans: c
Q.44) Exp:
Ans: a • Statement 1 is correct: The old social movements

functioned within the frame of political parties,
Exp: while new form people left out by the formal
• Statement 1 is correct: Social change is political system join social movements or non-
continuous and ongoing, while social movement party political formations n order to put pressure
involves long and continuous social effort and on the state from outside.
action by people directed towards some specific • Statement 2 is correct: The old social movements
goal. clearly saw reorganisation of power relations as a
• Statement 2 is incorrect: Social change are the central goal, while ‘new’ social movements were
sum total of countless individual and collective about quality-of-life issues such as having a clean
actions gathered across time and space. environment.
Q.45) Q.48)
Ans: d Ans: d
Exp: Exp:
• Statement 1 is correct: Acquisition of land for • Statement 1 is correct: According to theory of

large irrigation projects and firing ranges relative deprivation, social conflict arises when a
• Survey and settlement operations, which were social group feels that it is worse off than others
held up, camps closed down, etc.
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around it. Such conflict is likely to result in

successful collective protest.
• Statement 2 is correct: This theory emphasises
the role of psychological factors such as
resentment and rage in inciting social movements.
• The limitations of this theory are that while
perceptions of deprivation may be a necessary
condition for collective action, they are not a
sufficient reason in themselves.
Q.49)
Ans: d
Exp:
• Over the decades there has been a great deal of
concern about the unchecked use of natural
resources and a model of development that
creates new needs that further demands greater
exploitation of the already depleted natural
resources.
• This model of development has also been
critiqued for assuming that all sections of people
will be beneficiaries of development. Thus big
dams displace people from their homes and
sources of livelihood. Industries displace
agriculturalists from their homes and livelihood. It
cause ecological movements to take place.
• All the options are correct.
• Chipko Movement, Apikoo Movement , Silent
valley Movement and Narmada bachao Andolan
are examples of ecological movements.
Q.50)
Ans: c
Exp:
• Statement 1 is correct: The peasant movements
in the period between 1858 and 1914 tended to
remain localised, disjointed and confined to
particular grievances.
• Statement 2 is correct: Between 1920 and 1940
peasant organisations arose.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: The first organisation to
be founded was the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha
(1929) and in 1936 the All-India Kisan Sabha
(1936).
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a) 1 only 1. Brahmo Samaj – Punjab

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a) 1 ,2 and 4 only c) 2,3,4,5 and 6 only

a) 1 only Q.19) Consider the following statements with

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b) 1,2 and 3 only d) All of the above

a) 1 only Q.25) With reference to ryotwari system, consider

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a) 1 and 3 only a) 1 only

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e) None of the above

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• Statement 1 is correct: Tea industry began in

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installation of mechanised factory industries,

Q.3) • Statement 1 is incorrect: In 1690, an English

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• Statement 1 is incorrect: Phule recalled the glory Exp:

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Exp: elections but a substantive reworking of the

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Q.19) • Statement 3 is correct: The aim of the program is

• Statement 1 is correct: The Integrated Rural Exp:

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• Pair 1 is incorrect: the Vokkaliga and Lingayat in Exp:

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Ans: d • Economic impact of globalisation:

• Statement 1 is correct: The organised sector

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Ans: c • Pair 1 is incorrect: Kesari - Marathi

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Ans: c • Statement 2 is correct: Collection of loans, rent

Q.43) • Statement 1 is incorrect: In 1920, the All-India

Ans: a • Statement 1 is correct: The old social movements

• Statement 1 is correct: Acquisition of land for • Statement 1 is correct: According to theory of

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around it. Such conflict is likely to result in

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