FLEXIBLE MODE BRIDGELESS BOOST RECTIFIER WITH IMPROVED EFFICIENCY

T.M. Thamiz Thentral Prakash Verma Tarun Sirvi

Elecrical and Elecronics
Electrical and Electronics Elecrical and Elecronics
SRM, Institute of Science and
SRM, Institute of Science and
SRM, Institute of Science and Technology Technology
Chennai, India
Technology Chennai, India
Chennai, India

Sumit Prasad
Elecrical and Elecronics
SRM, Institute of Science and
Technology
Chennai, India

efficiency. Which is defined as ratio of power delivered

(DC) to the input power(AC).
Abstract- Many devices in power system are not operated
properly due to the large amount of harmonic present in the Many devices in power systems and power electronics are
waveform which is mainly caused due to the conduction not operated properly due to the presence of harmonics so it
losses present in the circuit so first we have to determine the is useful to measure and limit harmonics and that to not to
extent of harmonic present which is calculated by total reduce harmonics of a device to a certain level. due to
harmonic distortion equal to root over sum of the integral presence of harmonics efficiency of a device gets
harmonics divide by fundamental harmonic after this we can reduces.one of the other factor is due to the conduction
see that what type of method should be used to reduced losses in the circuit example-switching losses in the circuit
harmonics. In this project we are mainly using two types of so one of the technique is to reduce the components in the
PFC bridge boost rectifier to improve the efficiency for low circuit so the losses will be reduced and simultaneously
and high input voltage range. We are using back to back harmonics will be reduced hence voltage and current
bridgeless PFC boost rectifier for high input voltage and for harmonics will be less.so power factor and efficiency both
low input voltage range we are using three level bridgeless gets improve at the source side.
boost rectifier. In this project we have used fast recovery The most common solution is conventional PFC rectifier
diode instead of normal diodes for better reliability and which is mostly used in electronics devices like computer.
efficiency. the final circuit is obtained by combining two but it results in more conduction losses. because of input
circuits BTBBL (Back to back bridgeless boost PFC) and current which flows through two bridge diodes
TLBL (Three level bridgeless boost PFC) then we get the
main circuit FMBL (Flexible mode bridgeless boost PFC)
where due to presence of less no of components conduction I. BASIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
losses are less hence less distortion is present and efficiency
is improved. Due to high conduction losses we are try to
minimize the loss by using fast recovery diode because
current in the main circuit always flows from two bridge
diodes and power switches. Efficiency of circuit decreased
due to high conduction losses that is the reason of using fast
recovery diode. In this project we simulated three circuit
using mat lab. In hardware we are using TLP250 driver for
mosfet which is interfaced with PIC microcontroller and
output reading is measured using DSO (Digital Storage
Oscilloscope).

Keywords-Harmonics, Distortion, TLP250(Driver Circuit),

Digital Storage Oscilloscope. Pin microcontroller
Fig. 1 Conventional Diagram
Introduction
In this paper we are using two PFC rectifiers for
In this conventional type we are using four diodes connected
improvement of efficiency. First circuit is BTBBL (Back to
antiparallel at first mode S1 and S.4 are on. In second cycle
Back Bridgeless Boost Rectifier), second is TLBL (Three
S3 and S4 are on. like this working takes place but current
Level Bridgeless Boost Rectifier). Both the circuits work at
always flows continuously and hence more conduction
different range of inputs. BTBBL PFC is used for high input
losses are present in this circuit. though this circuit are used
voltage range and TLBL is used for low input voltages. The
in various applications but it has major drawbacks so we go
efficiency of the rectifier is known as rectification
for other circuits where there is conduction in discontinuous placed at input side of the rectifier circuit. two slow diodes
modes where losses will be less. Capacitor is connected at are connected parallel and S1, S2 work at different modes.
output to remove the ripples and load in this circuit is R load

DDBL PFC and BTBBL PFC RECTIFIER

Its efficiency better than the conventional type rectifier

DDBL PFC and BTBBL PFC circuit is used since above
mentioned circuit has very less noise interference so this
circuit is highly reliable and durable. Here we use
discontinuous mode of conduction.so less conduction losses
are present.

TLP 250 (MOSFET DRIVER)

TLP 250 is used in bridge rectifier to drive the MOSFETs in

this circuit. It has slow propagation delays. used to control Fig.2 DDBL PFC Rectifier
firing angles.
BTBBL PFC RECTIFIER

In BTBBL (back to back bridgeless boost pfc. rectifier) both

diodes are connecting is series with each other.in first cycle
both fast recovery diodes are working and slow recovery
diodes can be treated as short-circuits. The one end of power
supply positive is always connected to capacitor. High
efficiency can be achieved in this circuit under high ranges
of supply voltages. But conduction losses are highly reduced
under high voltage ranges. this circuit also has wide range of
applications where high input voltage rating is used for
general purposes. now the circuit has been designed for high
voltage ratings so we have to go for other circuits because
for low power consumption applicants we should have a
circuit which is designed for low voltage range because now
a day as the need everything is used for low power
appliances we have to go for low voltage inputs which is the
major drawback of above circuits. The working of BTBBL
rectifier is shown below as it operates in different modes of
conduction at high input voltage ranges.
The TLP250 like any driver circuit has input and output
stage with power supply. The pin configuration of TLP250
is shown below. Pin 1 and 4 are not internally connected
means no connection. The pin 8 is power supply. Pins 2 and
3 are input to the LEDs. anode and cathode respectively the
output is taken from pin 6. supply is given at pin 8

DDBL PFC RECTIFIER

For both these circuits better efficiency is achieved but

magnetic core utilization is low due to this multiple inductor
are placed but due to this efficiency is reduced.so these
circuits are only use for high voltages (220-240) rms.
Capacitor is connected at the output to reduce ripples diodes
S1, S2 are slow recovery diodes and F1, F2 are fast recovery
diodes at fast recovery diodes has fast switching
characteristics and better efficiency. these diodes are durable
and reliable. In these circuit switch1 is in series with F1 Fig.3 BTBBL PFC RECTIFIER
diode similarly switch2 is in series with F2.due to
presence of inductors they suffer conduction losses as it is
WORKING

Fig.5 TLBL PFC Rectifier

FMBL PFC RECTIFIER

FMBL is flexible mode bridgeless boost PFC. this circuit

is formed by connecting both BTBBL and TLBL circuits.so
that it can work for both high and low input voltage range.so
these type of rectifiers have wide range of industrial
applications. It is basically a boost rectifier flexible mode
bridgeless boost pfc rectifier.so we can see the results in
Fig 4 BTBBL working hardware output that output voltage increases compared to
the input.

In this circuits 1 and S2 is off and S3 and S4 is also off like

this its working can take place in different modes. We can
see the flow of current at high input voltage range termed as
BTBBL mode. The other mode which this circuit can work
is by switching ON S1 and S2.

TLBL PFC RECTIFIER

These circuit is highly efficient for low voltage ranges. This

circuit is also simpler as compared to other circuits as there
are less number of components in operation path.at each
mode of working there is one diode at a time so the Fig.6 FMBL PFC Rectifier
conduction losses gets highly reduced. This circuit is more
used in industrial appliances. In the circuit split capacitors
are connected and in theses circuit no slow recovery diodes MODES OF OPERATION
are present both diodes are fast recovery diodes and only
one inductor is used in the circuit so conduction losses are
also less S1, S2 are two switches are connected in series in This circuit can work as two different voltage ranges 100-
first mode C1 discharge and current flows back to the 120 and 220-240 volt rms. when the range is 100-120 Volt
supply and in second mode C2 get discharge and current rms the circuit which can be referred is TLBL PFC circuit
flow to the negative terminal of the supply. From the above and S3 and S4 remains ON when range is 220-240 the
circuits and explanations, we can see that DDBL PFC, BTBBL circuit can be used in devices and S3 AND S4
BTBBL PFC can work in wide range of input voltages. But remains off in Fig. Hence likewise circuit can be used in four
becomes less efficient at low voltage levels. Similar is in the different modes and input ranges
case of TLBL PFC it gives high efficiency under low
voltage ranges.so final circuit can be made by combining
both circuits BTBBL and TLBL circuits. Then the circuit
can be worked for different voltage ranges for both high and
low ranges. Final circuit is named as FMBL (Flexible Mode
Bridgeless Boost PFC) rectifier.

Fig.7 Mode 1
V= (S1 and S2 is ON)
When the low input range is given S3 and S4 is ON. First
figure S1 and S2 is ON. And mode S1 and S2 is off.it is
termed as TLBL mode similar process can be carried out
when S3 and S4 is OFF and like these FMBL circuit works
and second mode is called as BTBBL.so the final circuit
obtained is FMBL known as flexible mode bridgeless boost
pfc rectifier which is obtained by combing BTBBL and
TLBL circuit for operating at both low and high input
voltage ranges. hence this circuit is efficient for both circuit
conduction losses is less so it is very useful because of less
harmonic distortion and less loses its efficiency and power
factor both get improves. So in this FMBL circuit THD i.e.
total harmonic distortion is less which improves reliability
and efficiency and waveform is less distorted hence this
circuit is simpler and due to presence of less components
maintenance cost is less.
Fig.8 Mode 2
In this mode also S3 and S4 is on but S1 and S2 is off but
input is positive supply voltage. Under high input range. L1
and L2 are two inductors connected in series with positive
And negative side of the supply voltage.in this mode D1 and
D3 are on and current is fed Back to the input supply at
negative terminal .and capacitor is discharge through load.
D2 and D4 are off during this mode of operation. RED
marker represent in the circuit the Flow of current.
Fig.9 Mode 3
In this mode negative cycle is given as input so there is
reverse flow of current across mosfets i.e. switches as
compared to other cases.C0 is the capacitor connected at the
output across R load and it is discharge. S1 and S2 is on and
S3 and S4 is off in this state so V<0.
V= (S1 and S2 is ON)
S1 and S2 is on in this case above expression represents
voltage when inductor stores energy. IN second cycle
inductor releases its stored energy which is stored in first
cycle the below expression represents release of stored
energy.
Fig.10 Mode 4
In this mode also we are giving negative cycle as supply.in
this case also S1 and S2 is off. above figure represents the
flow of current same in this case at first cycle inductor
stores energy and then it discharges it through load. The
above expression remains same in this case irrespective of
the switches and diodes which are conducting in various
cycles. In this case also same inductor releases its stored
energy.
Hence we can note down the values of hardware. hence we
can calculate the efficiency of rectifiers known as
RECTIFIATION EFFICIENCY.it is defined as output
power which is DC divide by input power which is AC.
RECTIFICATION EFFICINCY
EFFICIENCY= *100
So we will find rectification efficiency. using above
formula. S.NO INPUT OUTPUT
VOLTAGE VOLTAGE
OUTPUT POWER - it is measured voltage square
divide by resistance at output which is DC 1 62 110.2

2 68 110.8
P=
3 72 111
INPUT POWER- input power is AC and can be calculated
as product of voltage and current.
P= V*I
Example from table-

1.INPUT VOLTAGE - 71.5 VOLTS

FMBL SIMULATION 2.OUTPUT VOLTAGE- 111 VOLTS

3 INPUT CURRENT- 20 mA

Hence we can see FMBL PFC RECTIFIER (Flexible mode

bridgeless boost PFC rectifier) Boost the input voltage at the
output side hence known as boost rectifier. So the above
circuit shows the tabular reading of the hardware circuit
using multimeter.to obtain the waveform of input and output
of the hardware using DSO (Digital Storage Oscilloscope)
which is used for various applications.

WAVEFORMS

SIMULATION OUTPUT

OBSERVATIONS EFFICIENCY CALCULATION

The readings are noted as mentioned below: -
Rectification efficiency =

Reading taken from multimeter

1. Input voltage = 70 volt
2. Output voltage = 110 volt REFERENCES
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