QUESTION 1

LIST OF WAYS A DNA COULD BE COMPARED TO A LADDER :

1. Its shape, the double helix structure of DNA resembles a twisted ladder.

2. The way it is built, the structure of a DNA is similar to a ladder that has a top and bottom. It
also has a similar length as a ladder, it depends on how much the DNA molecule, Human
DNA molecule can expand as much as 67 billion miles, which answers that DNA is a lot
longer than it is of a ladder.

3. The support of a ladder resembles DNA as well, there is 4 nucleotide bases which are used to
connect DNA ( Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine )

QUESTION 2

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule that carries genetic information and is found in all
living organisms. The importance of DNA lies in the fact that it contains the genetic instructions
necessary for the development, growth, reproduction, and functioning of all living organisms

DNA is important simply because it is the thing that makes us function. For example, having
DNA makes our tissues and organs function without DNA we wouldn't even exist. The
nucleotide bases are the ones to make our cells function without it we humans or literally
anything that is living would not exist.

Second reason why DNA is important, DNA is transmitted by the parents to their child; this is
what we call genetics. Genetics are the reason how, you may get certain traits of your parents.
You may even get the sickness of your grandfather. Genetic inheritance is the reason we could
reproduce and continue the race of humans.

DNA is also responsible for evolution. For example our ancestors are the ones that developed us,
without them evolving and making discoveries in order to fight the environment around us we
would be dead. Evolution is when living organisms change in order to sustain life in a given
environment.

Usage of DNA extraction, DNA extraction may be used to treat diseases. Study the DNA of the
dead person that died in a certain sickness that may be bad for our society. This process is called
Postmortem Genetic testing the study of a dead person's DNA.
QUESTION 3

What is mutation?

Mutations are changes that occur in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome. They can
happen spontaneously, as a result of errors that occur during DNA replication or due to exposure
to certain external factors called mutagens. Mutations can also be intentionally induced through
various methods such as genetic engineering.
How are they caused?

The reason why mutations occur is really a hustle. Mutations may occur when a nucleic acid is
replaced for example Adenine and Thymine are one base pair and A mutation occurred so
Adenine got paired into Cytosine. Another reason is human experiments scientists are curious
when certain changes are to be made in a DNA, they experiment on one, it is never sure whether
it is beneficial or dangerous. A natural cause of Mutation is when there's a virus or getting
exposed to radiation.