‫اﻟﱰﻗِ ِﻴﻢ‬

‫ﺎت ﱠ‬‫ﻼﻣ ُ‬
‫َﻋ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺼ ِﻞ واﻻﺑْﺘ َﺪاء‪ ،‬وُﻣ َﺴ َ‬
‫ﺎﻋ َﺪة‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﲔ اﳉُ َﻤ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬وَوﻇﻴ َﻔﺘُﻬﺎ َﻣﻌ ِﺮﻓَﺔُ أََﻣﺎﻛﻦ اﻟ َﻔ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﱰﻗِﻴ ِﻢ ﻫﻲ أَ ْﺷ ٌ‬
‫ﻜﺎل ُﳏ ﱠﺪ َدةٌ‪ ،‬ﺗـَُﺰ ُاد ﺑَ َ‬ ‫ﺎت ﱠ‬
‫ﻼﻣ ٌ‬
‫َﻋ َ‬
‫ﺻ ِﺤﻴﻔﺔً‪.‬‬
‫ت؟ َ‬
‫ﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪َ :‬ﻛﻢ ﻗَـﺮأْت ِ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴ َﻔﺔً ‪َ /‬ﻛ ْﻢ ﻗَﺮأْ َ‬ ‫ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺼ ِﺤ ِ‬
‫اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِرئ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ َﻔ ْﻬ ِﻢ اﻟ ﱠ‬

‫)‪ ,‬ﺧﻄﺄ(‬ ‫اﻟ َﻔ ِ‬

‫ﺎﺻﻠﺔ‪(،) :‬‬

‫ﻌﻞ ﻋِﻨ َﺪﻣﺎ ﺗَ ْﺴﺘَ ِﻴﻘ ُ‬

‫ﻆ؟‬ ‫ﻬﺖ اﳉﻤﻠَﺔُ وﱂ ﻳـْﻨـﺘَﻪ ُ ِ‬
‫اﳌﻮﺿﻮعُ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜَﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣﺎذَا ﺗَـ ْﻔ ُ‬ ‫ُْ ْ َ‬
‫ﻤﻞ اﻟ َﻘﺼﲑةِ‪ ،‬إِ ْن اﻧْـﺘَ ِ‬
‫ﺑﲔ اﳉُ ِ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﻄﻮر‪،‬‬ ‫ﻌﺎم‬ ‫ﺴﻞ َوﺟ ِﻬﻲ َوﻳﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أَ ْﺳﺘَ ِﻴﻘ ُ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎو ُل ﻃَ َ‬
‫ي‪ ،‬ﰒﱠ أَ َ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓَﺄ ْﻏ ُ‬
‫ﺻ ً‬ ‫ﻆ ُﻛ ﱠﻞ ﻳَﻮم ﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎﻋﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ َ‬
‫ذﻫﺐ إﱃ اﳌ ْﺪ َرﺳﺔ‪...‬‬ ‫ﰒﱠ أَ َ‬
‫ﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ اﳌﻨﺎدى‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬اﺟﺘَ ِﻬ ْﺪ ﰲ د ِ‬
‫روﺳ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌ َﺪ ِ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺮط وﺟﻮاﺑِﻪ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ إ ْن ﻛﺎﻧَﺖ ُﲨﻠﺔُ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺮط ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔً‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪ :‬إِن ﺗَ ْﺪرس ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﻣﺘِ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ِ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ْ ْ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﺟﻴِّ ًﺪا‪ ،‬ﺗَ َ‬
‫ﻨﺠ ْﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑَﲔ اﻟ َﻘ َﺴﻢ وﺟﻮاﺑِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪ :‬وﷲ‪ ،‬ﻷ ْذ َﻫ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﱭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ أﻧﻮاع اﻟ ﱠﺸﻲء‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪ :‬ﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺴﻨﺔ أرﺑﻌﺔُ ﻓُﺼ ٍ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،‬اﳋَِﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻴﻒ‪ ،‬اﻟ ّﺸﺘﺎءُ‪ ،‬اﻟﱠﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﺼ ُ‬ ‫ﻮل‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬
‫ﺑﻌ َﺪ اﳉﻮ ِ ِ‬
‫أﺣﺐ‬
‫ﲢﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺴﻔﺮ؟ ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم؛ ﻫﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺖ اﻟﻄﱠ َ‬
‫ﻌﺎم؟ ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺎو ُ‬ ‫اب‪ ،‬ﻣﺜَﺎل‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﺗَﻨﺎو َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫‪-٦‬‬
‫ﻔﺮ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟ ﱠﺴ َ‬
‫); ﺧﻄﺄ(‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ اﳌﻨﻘﻮﻃﺔ )؛(‬

‫ﻬﺪ‪ِّ / .‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧﻴﺔ َﺷﺮﺣﺎ أو ﺳﺒﺒﺎ ﻟﻸُوﱃ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪َ :‬ﳒﺢ اﻟﻄﱠﺎﻟِﺐ ﰲ ِدر ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ُﲨﻠﺘَﲔ إِ ْن ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ﺿﺔُ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﱠﻪ ْ‬
‫اﺟﺘَ َ‬ ‫ُ ََ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ً ًَ‬ ‫َْ َ‬
‫ﻴﺪةٌ ِﺟﺪا ﻟِﻠْ ِﺠﺴ ِﻢ؛ ﻓَ ِﻬ َﻲ ُﲢﺎﻓِ ُ‬
‫ﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ِﺻ ﱠﺤﺔ اﻟ َﻘﻠْ ِ‬
‫ﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ُﻣ ِﻔ َ‬
‫اﻟﻨﱡﻘﻄﺘَﺎن )‪(:‬‬
‫ﺳﻼم ِ‬
‫اﳌﺮء‬ ‫"ﻣﻦ ﺣﺴ ِﻦ إِ ِ‬ ‫ﻮل‪ ،‬أَو ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪ :‬ﻗَﺎل اﻟﻨﱠﱯ ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﱠﻢ‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ﻌﺪ اﻟ َﻘ ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﺑَ َ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫َﺗﺮُﻛﻪ َﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳـَ ْﻌﻨِﻴﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫اﺣ ُﻞ اﻟ ِّﺪر ِاﺳﻴﱠﺔ ْأرﺑﻌﺔٌ‪ :‬اﻻﺑْﺘِ َﺪاﺋِﻴﱠﺔُ‪ ،‬اﻟـ ُﻤﺘَـ َﻮ ِّﺳﻄﺔُ‪ ،‬اﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧَﻮﻳﱠﺔُ‪ ،‬اﳉَ ِﺎﻣﻌِﻴﱠﺔُ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ِ‬
‫ﻲء وأَﻧْﻮاﻋِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪ :‬اﻟـﻤﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ََ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﻴﺎء‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪ :‬اﳌﺒﺘَﺪأُ‪ :‬اِﺳﻢ َﻣ ْﺮﻓﻮع‪...‬‬ ‫ﻳﻒ اﻷ ْﺷ ِ‬ ‫ْﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬

‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‪(.) :‬‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘِ ْﻔ َﻬﺎم‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﻻ َﲢﻤ ُﻞ ﻣﻌﲎ اﻟﺘﱠـ َﻌ ﱡﺠﺐ أو ْ‬ ‫ﻛﻼم َ‬
‫اﳌﻌﲎ‪ ،‬وﻻ َ‬ ‫ْﺑﻌ َﺪ َﺎﻳَﺔ اﳉُﻤﻠﺔ َ ﱠﻣﺔ َ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫اﳊَ ِﺪﻳ َﻘﺔ َو ِاﺳ َﻌﺔٌ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﻞ َوﺟ ِﻬﻲ َوﻳﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َﺳﺘَ ِﻴﻘ ُ‬
‫ي‪،‬‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓَﺄ ْﻏ ُ‬
‫ﺻ ً‬ ‫ﻆ ُﻛ ﱠﻞ ﻳَﻮم ﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎﻋﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ َ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ َﻔ ْﻘ َﺮةِ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪ :‬أ ْ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﻌﺎم وأ ُم ﻗَﻠِ ًﻴﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﻄﱠ َ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ﰒﱠ أَﺗﻨﺎو ُل ﻃَﻌﺎم اﻟﻔﻄﻮر‪ ،‬ﰒﱠ أَذﻫﺐ إﱃ اﳌ ْﺪرﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒﱠ أَﻋﻮد إﱃ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ُُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﱠﻌ ﱡﺠﺐ _اﻟﺘﱠﺄﺛﱡﺮ_ )!(‬

‫ﻔﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳَﻠِﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻌﱪ ﻋﻦ اﻻﻧِْﻔﻌ ِ‬

‫ﺎﻻت اﻟﻨﱠ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻤﻞ اﻟﱵ ﺗُ ِّ‬
‫ﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﻌ َﺪ اﳉُ ِ‬
‫ﺗُ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎء!؛ َ َﳉَ َﻤ ِﺎل اﻟﻄﱠﺒِ َﻴﻌ ِﺔ!؛ ُﺳﺒﺤﺎ َن ﷲ! َﻣﺎ أَ ْﲨَ َﻞ اﻟﻐََﺰ َال‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘﱠﻌ ﱡﺠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ أَ ْﲨ َﻞ ّ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮح‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪َ :‬وا ﻓَـ ْﺮ َﺣﺘَﺎﻩُ!‬
‫َ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫اﳊُْﺰن‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪ :‬آﻩٍ أَ َ َﺣ ِﺰﻳﻦ ِﺟﺪا!‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟ ﱡﺪﻋﺎءُ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪ :‬اﻟﻠﻬ ﱠﻢ ﺗﻘﺒﱠﻞ ﻣﻨﱠﺎ َ‬
‫ﺻﻼﺗَـﻨَﺎ!‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫ي‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪ :‬أَإِﻟَﻪٌ َﻣ َﻊ ﷲ!‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻻﺳﺘ ْﻔﻬﺎم اﻻﺳﺘْﻨ َﻜﺎ ِر ِّ‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬

‫)? ﺧﻄﺄ(‬ ‫إﺷﺎرة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم )؟(‬

‫اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم ﻣﺬﻛﻮرةً ﰲ اﳉ ِ‬
‫ﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬أم ﳏ ُﺬوﻓَﺔً‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أَداةُ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘَـ ْﻔﻬﺎﻣﻴﱠﺔ‪َ ،‬ﺳﻮاء أَ ْ‬
‫ﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ اﳉُﻤﻠﺔ ْ‬
‫ﺗُ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫أﻧﺖ؟ ﺗﻌﻠﱠ ْﻤﺘُﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣ ْ‬
‫ﺼﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﱠﺔ؟ ﰲ َﺟﺎﻣ َﻌﺔ أ ﺗﻮرك‪ .‬و َ‬ ‫ﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﱠ ْﻤ َ‬
‫ﺖ اﻟﻠﻐَﺔَ َ‬ ‫أَ َ‬
‫ﺗﺪرﻳﺒﺎت‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﱰﻗِﻴ ِﻢ اﻟـﻤﻨَ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺳﺒَﺔَ ﰲ اﻟ َﻔﺮ ِاغ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺎت ﱠ‬‫ﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َْ َ َ‬
‫ﻂ) (‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺐ ُﳎﺘَ ِﻬ ٌﺪ َوﻧَ ِﺸﻴ ٌ‬
‫َﻧﺖ ﻃَ ٌ‬
‫َﻣﺎ َﺷﺎءَ ﷲ ) ( أ َ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ﺖ ) ( أَ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻌِﺮ ِاق ) (‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺖ ) ( أَ ْﻣﻦ ﺗُﺮﻛﻴﺎ ) ( َوأَﻧْ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻣ ْﻦ أَﻳْ َﻦ أَﻧْ َ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﺎد ُن ) (‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻴﺘ ِﺎﻣﻴﻨَﺎت ) ( واﻟـﻤﻌ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﺴ ِﻢ ِﻫﻲ ) ( ِ‬ ‫ِِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ََ‬ ‫ﺎت ) ( و َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﱪوﺗﻴﻨَ ُ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨَﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻐ َﺬاﺋﻴﱠﺔ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ أَ َﻫ ّﻢ َ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺪ ِ‬
‫رس )‬ ‫رس ) ( ﻓَـ َﻘﺎل ﻟﻪ اﻷُ ْﺳﺘَﺎذُ ﰲ اﻟﻴَـ ْﻮم اﻟﺘﱠ ِﺎﱄ ) ( ﳌﺎذَا ﻏْﺒ َ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﺎب اﻟﻄﱠﺎﻟ ُ‬ ‫َﻏ َ‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮع‬
‫ُﺳﺒُ َ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺐ ) ( َ ﻟَ ْﻸَ َﺳﻒ ) ( ﻟََﻘ ْﺪ ﺑَ َﺬ َل َواﻟﺪي ُﺟ ْﻬ ًﺪا َﻛﺒِ ًﲑا ﰲ َ‬
‫اﻟﻌ َﻤﻞ اﻷ ْ‬ ‫ﺎب اﻟﻄﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺄﺟ َ‬ ‫( ﻓَ َ‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫اﳌﺎﺿﻲ ) ( ﻓَﺄُ ِﺻ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺾ‬‫ﺤﺼ َﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑـَ ْﻌ َ‬
‫ﻫﺒﺖ َﻣﻌﻪُ إﱃ اﳌﺴﺘَ ْﺸﻔﻰ ﻟﻴَ ُ‬ ‫ﻴﺐ ﺟ ْﺴ ُﻤﻪ َ ٍﱂ َﺷﺪﻳﺪ ) ( َوذَ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫وﻋﺎﻓﺎﻩُ ) (‬ ‫رس ) ( ﻓَـ َﻘﺎل اﻷُﺳﺘﺎذُ ) ( َﺷﺎﻓَﺎﻩ ﷲُ َ‬ ‫ﻮر اﻟ ﱠﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﻀَ‬ ‫ﻄﻊ ُﺣ ُ‬ ‫ﻼج ) ( وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﱂ أَﺳﺘَ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌِ ِ‬
‫ﻻﺣﻘﺎً ) (‬ ‫ﻚ ﰲ ﻓَـﻬ ِﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺪر ِس ِ‬ ‫ﻻ ْس ) ( ﺳﻴﺴﺎﻋِ ُﺪ َك ِ‬
‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻳ ُﻘ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َُ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬