WHS → Tentative list

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In addition to sites inscribed on the World Heritage List, member states can maintain a list of tentative sites that they may
consider for nomination. Nominations for the World Heritage List are only accepted if the site was previously listed on
the tentative list.
As of 2022, India lists 52 properties on its tentative list.

Site Image Location Year Description

listed

Temples at West Bengal 1998  The terracotta temples date to the 17th century built by Malla
Bishnupur, West rulers.
Bengal  They were built in brick and laterite stone.
 They have characteristic sloping roofs.
 The Jor Bangle temple, from 1655, is pictured.

Mattancherry Palace, Kerala 1998  The palace was built by the Portuguese for the local rulers
Ernakulam, Kerala around 1555.
 It is a two-storey building with several halls, and features a
ceiling decorated with carvings in the coronation hall.

Group of Monuments Madhya 1998  This nomination comprises monuments dating from the 11th to
at Mandu, Madhya Pradesh the 16th centuries.
Pradesh  They include rock-cut tombs and temples, mosques, palaces,
and pavilions. The Jahaz Mahal palace is pictured.

Ancient Buddhist Uttar Pradesh 1998  This nomination comprises two groups of monuments →
Site, Sarnath,  Dhamek Stupa pictured), and monasteries, as well as the
Varanasi, Uttar remains of a pillar of Ashoka.
Pradesh
 They date from the 3rd century BCE to the 12th century CE.

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  The second group is represented by the Chaukhandi Stupa,
built in 1588.

Sri Harimandir Sahib, Punjab 2004  Sri Harimandir Sahib, also known as the Golden Temple, is the
Amritsar, Punjab spiritual centre of Sikhism. The temple complex was rebuilt
several times.
 The architectural layout of the complex reflects the spiritual
concepts of the religion.
 The main temple building is richly decorated with floral patterns,
either painted or as marble inlay.

River Island Assam 2004  Majuli is a large river island in the Brahmaputra River. There
of Majuli in midstream are over 200 villages in the island, inhabited by people from
of Brahmaputra River various ethnic origins.
in Assam  A characteristic concept of the region are the satras,
institutional centres for cultural activities that also serve as
democratic mediators for dispute resolution.

Namdapha National Arunachal 2006  The national park covers an extensive wilderness area which is
Park Pradesh mostly covered in forests and sparsely explored.
 It is located in the Eastern Himalayas.
 The highest peak is Dapha Bum, at 4,571 m (14,997 ft).

Wild Ass Sanctuary, Gujarat 2006  Little Rann of Kutch is a salt marsh with sparse vegetation,
Little Rann of Kutch mostly with xerophytic species.
 It is home to the last wild population of the Indian wild
ass (two specimens pictured).
 It is also an important nesting area for birds.

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 Neora Valley West Bengal 2009  The area is covered by virgin forest and is a biodiversity
National Park hotspot.
 The valley spans from lowlands to altitudes around 3,200 m
(10,500 ft), which results in a variety of habitats.
 It is home to several bird species and mammals, including
the red panda and two species of pangolin.

Desert National Park Rajasthan 2009  The national park covers a part of the Thar Desert.
 It is home to several endemic species, such as the Indian hairy-
footed gerbil and the Rajasthan toad-headed lizard.
 It is also home to two endangered species of vultures. There are
fossil beds in the park, dating to the Jurassic period.
 The Desert National Park is one of the most prominent
habitats for the Great Indian Bustard (E. End).

Silk Road Sites in Bihar, Jammu 2010  This nomination comprises 12 sites connected to the
India and ancient Silk Road, a network of trade routes
Kashmir, Mah connecting China with the west.
arashtra, Pud  There were at least three corridors in India.
ucherry, Punj  In addition to the movement of goods, they were important in
ab, Tamil spreading of Buddhism and Greco-Buddhist culture.
Nadu, Uttar  Sites in the nomination include the Roman trade port
Pradesh at Arikamedu, Vikramashila (Pictured) and the early
Buddhist site of Vaishali (the Relic Stupa).

Santiniketan West Bengal 2010  Santiniketan was founded as an ashram by Debendranath

Tagore in the second half of the 19th century and then
developed into a university town of Visva-Bharati University.
 It is connected to the life and philosophy of Debendranath's
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 son Rabindranath Tagore, the leading figure of the Bengali
Renaissance. The prayer hall is pictured.

The Qutb Shahi Telangana 2010  This nomination comprises the monuments of the Qutb Shahi
Monuments of dynasty, a sultanate that ruled in the 16th and 17th century,
Hyderabad Golconda in Hyderabad and its surroundings.
Fort, Qutb Shahi  The Golconda Fort is a citadel and early capital, Qutb Shahi
Tombs, Charminar tombs (two pictured) are mosques and burial places of the
sultans, and Charminar, built in 1591, is a monumental gateway
with four minarets.
 These sites illustrate the cosmopolitan nature of the region in
that period.

Mughal Gardens in Jammu and 2010  Mughal gardens are gardens built by the Mughals. This style was
Kashmir Kashmir influenced by the Persian gardens, particularly by the Charbagh
layout, with terraces and fountains arranged around a central
water channel, reflecting the Islamic concept of paradise.
 Six gardens are listed in the nomination, Chashme Shahi,
Shalimar Bagh (pavilion pictured), Pari Mahal, Verinag,
Achabal Gardens, and Nishat Bagh.

Delhi - A Heritage City Delhi 2012  Delhi, as Lal Kot, was founded in 1060 as a capital of the
Tomara dynasty.
 Later rulers built subsequent cities on the site, Delhi was the
capital of the Delhi Sultanate and an intermittent capital of the
Mughal Empire.

 During the British rule, the capital was moved from

Calcutta to the newly constructed New Delhi in
1911.
 The nomination lists the following areas of historical and

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 architectural importance: Mehrauli, Nizamuddin Dargah (the
tomb of the Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya), Shahjahanabad
(Pictured), and New Delhi.

Monuments and Karnataka, Tel 2014  This nomination comprises the monuments of Deccan
Forts of the Deccan angana sultanates, dating between the 14th and 17th centuries, in four
Sultanate cities: Gulbarga, Bidar, Bijapur, and Hyderabad.
 The architecture of the Deccan sultanates represents interactions
between Islamic and Hindu influences.
 Some of the monuments in the nomination include the Bidar
Fort (pictured), Jama Mosque in Gulbarga, and the Qutb Shahi
tombs.

Cellular Jail, Andaman and 2014  The jail was constructed in 1906 by the British, primarily to
Andaman Islands Nicobar exile political prisoners to the remote archipelago.
Islands  The architecture was based on the panopticon system, with
radiating wings that were easy to monitor by a single guard.
 Jail cells were intended for individuals for confinement. The jail
was infamous for brutal treatment of inmates and is important
in the history of the Indian independence movement.

Iconic Saree Weaving Madhya 2014  Sari, or saree, is a traditional attire of Indian women. Sari
Clusters of India P., Uttar P. weaving required particular adjustments of the weavers' houses
, Maharashtra to accommodate looms and other devices for silk processing,
resulting in a specific vernacular architecture.
, Andhra P.
, Assam  This nomination comprises eight clusters where sari weaving was
and still is a major profession of the villagers.

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 Apatani Cultural Arunachal 2014  Apatani people live in the Ziro Valley that is surrounded by high
Landscape Pradesh mountains of the Himalayas.
 They have a distinct culture from other tribes in the region with
traditional crafts and festivals.
 They practice wet rice cultivation and are careful in land
management, which allowed sustainable agriculture for several
centuries.
 The resulting cultural landscape reflects the ability of the tribe to
make the adverse environment habitable.

Sri Tamil Nadu 2014  The Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple is dedicated to Ranganatha.
Ranganathaswamy It is the world's largest operating Hindu temple and is in fact
Temple, Srirangam a temple town, with inner enclosures constituting the temple
and outer ones being used for settlements.
 There have been temples at the site for over two millennia,
however, the key buildings standing today date to the time of
the Vijayanagara Empire, from the 14th to the 16th century.
 The temple has 21 gopurams which are richly decorated with
paintings and sculptures

Monuments Karnataka 2014  Srirangapatna, the river island in the Kaveri river, is an
of Srirangapatna important pilgrimage site in South India.
Island Town  It has been continuously inhabited since the 12th century. The
monuments in the island date to different historical periods,
including the periods of the Hoysala Empire, Vijayanagara
Empire, Kingdom of Mysore, and the British Raj.
 Most of the monuments date from the 16th to the 19th
centuries and have elements of Hindu, Indo-Islamic, and
British styles. The Gumbaz mausoleum is pictured.

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 Chilika Lake Odisha 2014  It is the biggest lake of India after Vembanad Lake.
 This lake is the largest coastal lagoon in India and the largest
brackish water lagoon in the world after The New Caledonian
barrier reef
 It is and ephemeral formation, with the river sediments being
deposited to the Bay of Bengal.
 Different parts of the lake are freshwater, brackish, and marine
ecosystems, and are an important habitat for birds and
mammals, including the endangered Irrawaddy dolphin.
 The lake is rich in fish species that support the local fishermen
population.
 Ramsar Wetland

Padmanabhapuram Tamil Nadu 2014  The palace in Padmanabhapuram was constructed in the 16th
Palace century, with later additions continuing into the early 19th
century, to serve as the seat of the Travancore royal family. It is
a masterpiece of traditional timber architecture and is decorated
with murals and carvings.
 Murals depict both the themes from Hindu mythology and
secular themes.

Sacred Ensembles of Karnataka 2014  This nomination comprises two clusters of monuments (in
the Hoysala Belur and Halebidu) dating to the time of the Hoysala Empire,
between the 11th and 14th centuries.
 Hoysala architecture combined the elements of the Dravidian
architecture with influences from northern India.
 The temples were built by the followers of Vaishnavism,
Shaivism, and Jainism, and they are richly decorated with stone
sculptures and carvings.

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 Chennakeshava Temple, Belur (pictured)
 Construction of the temple commenced in 1117 AD and took
103 years to complete.
 Dedicated to Lord Vishnu known as Chennakesava, which
means beautiful (chenna) Vishnu (Keshava).
 The richly sculptured exterior of the temple narrates scenes from
the life of Vishnu and his reincarnations and the epics,
Ramayana, and Mahabharata.
 However, some of the representations of Shiva are also included.
Hoysaleshwara Temple, Halebidu
 Most exemplary architectural ensemble of the Hoysalas
extant today.
 Built in 1121CE during the reign of the Hoysala King,
Vishnuvardhana Hoysaleshwara.
 The temple, dedicated to Shiva
 Most well-known for the more than 240 wall sculptures that
run all along the outer wall.
 Halebid has a walled complex containing three Jaina basadi
(temples) of the Hoysala period as well as a stepped well.
Keshava Temple, Somanathapura
 This is a breathtakingly beautiful Trikuta Temple dedicated to
Lord Krishna in three forms – Janardhana, Keshava and
Venugopala.
 Unfortunately, the main Keshava idol is missing, and the
Janardhana and Venugopala idols are damaged.

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Sites of Saytagrah, several sites 2014  Satyagraha, a form of nonviolent resistance or civil resistance,
India's non-violent was developed by Mahatma Gandhi in the first half of the 20th
freedom movement century, as a part of the Indian independence movement.
 The nomination comprises 22 sites across India related to the
movement.
 Several sites are ashrams (Sabarmati Ashram pictured),
founded by Gandhi to teach his philosophy.
 Other sites are related to the independence movement.
Satyagraha theory was influential in the Civil rights movement in
the United States and in the fight against apartheid in South
Africa.

Thembang Fortified Arunachal 2014  The village of Thembang is located in the Eastern Himalayas at
Village Pradesh an altitude above 2,000 m (6,600 ft).
 It is built as a dzong, a type of fortified monastery also found
in the neighbouring Bhutan and Tibet.
 It is inhabited by the Monpas and was constructed before the
12th century.

Narcondam Island Andaman and 2014  Narcondam Island is a volcanic island off the main chain of the
Nicobar Andaman Islands. It is composed mostly of andesite, dacite, and
Islands amphibole, types of volcanic rocks and minerals.
 The island is important in view of evolution of species on
isolated islands.
 It is the only place where the endangered Narcondam hornbill
(pictured) is found, and it is also home to several endemic
species of the Andaman Islands.

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 Moidams – the Assam 2014  This nomination comprises the tumuli in the town of Charaideo
Mound-Burial system and its surroundings.
of the Ahom Dynasty  The town was the capital of the Ahom kingdom (1228–1826),
and the tumuli are the burial sites of the royals and of nobility.
 The tumuli create an undulating landscape, reminiscent of hills,
in line with the spiritual beliefs of the Tai-Ahom people.

Ekamra Kshetra – The Odisha 2014  Ekamra Kshetra is the name for the old part of the city of
Temple City, Bhubaneswar.
Bhubaneswar  It is a holy city and has earned the nickname of "Temple City"
due to about 700 temples that once stood here.
 The temples were built between the 3rd century BCE and 15th
century CE. They are built in the Kalinga style, and belong to
Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain religions.

 The Lingaraja Temple is pictured.

 In addition to the temples, there are also Udayagiri and

Khandagiri Caves built by Jain worshipers.

The Neolithic Jammu and 2014  The archaeological site at Burzahom has provided information
Settlement Kashmir about different stages of societal development from the 4th to
of Burzahom the 2nd millennium BCE.

 People initially lived in pit-houses and later built houses of

mud and brick.
 There are also remains of megalithic structures.
 Material remains at the site hint at the interactions with other
cultures in the region.
 A painted pot from 2700 BCE is pictured

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 Archaeological Gujarat 2014  Lothal is the only explored port-town of the Indus Valley
remains of a Harappa civilisation, or Harappan Civilization, from the Bronze Age.
Port-Town, Lothal  It was occupied from around 2400 BCE to 1600 BCE, when it
was likely damaged by tidal flooding.
 The fortified consisted of a citadel with wide streets and a
warehouse, and a port area along the river.
 Remains found at the site demonstrate trade links with the
Persian Gulf region. The remains of drainage channels are
picture

Mountain Railways Maharashtra, 2014  This is a proposed extension of the existing World Heritage
of India (Extension) Himachal Site.
Pradesh  It includes the Matheran Hill Railway (pictured) and the
Kangra Valley Railway.
 They were built in the early 20th century, construction involved
technical innovation to overcome difficult mountainous terrain.

Chettinad, Village Tamil Nadu 2014  This nomination comprises 11 villages in three clusters. They
Clusters of the Tamil were built by wealthy merchants in second half of 19th and
Merchants early 20th century.
 The villages mix urban and rural influences, both Tamil and
those from a broader region, as a results of travels of the
merchants in Southeast Asia.
 Thousands of palatial houses were built using local and
imported materials.
 The most recent ones, built in the 1930s and 1940s, are in the
Art Deco style. An example of a palatial house is pictured.

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 Bahá'í House of Delhi 2014  The Lotus Temple is the main Baháʼí House of Worship in India.
Worship (Lotus  It was inaugurated in 1986.
Temple) at New Delhi
 It has a shape of a lotus flower, with petals made of concrete
and covered by marble.

Evolution of Temple Karnataka 2015  This nomination comprises several temples in Aihole, Badami,
Architecture – and Pattadakal, that were built between the 6th and 8th
Aihole-Badami- centuries under the Chalukya dynasty.
Pattadakal  They demonstrate the evolution of Hindu temple architecture
with rock-cut and free-standing temples and were influential
in temples from later periods.
 The temples at Pattadakal are already listed as a World
Heritage Site. The Durga Temple in Aihole is pictured.

Cold Desert Cultural Ladakh, Hima 2015  The landscapes in the Himalayas are characterized by high
Landscape of India chal Pradesh altitudes, between 3,000 m (9,800 ft) and 5,000 m (16,000 ft),
with harsh dry weather and temperatures ranging from above 30
°C (86 °F) in summer to below −30 °C (−22 °F) in winter.
 Two areas are inhabited, the Ladakh and the Spiti Valley. The
culture is a mixture of Indian and Tibetan cultures. Several
settlements are linked to Buddhist monasteries (Key Monastery
pictured).
 From the natural perspective, the area is home to endangered
species such as the snow leopard, Tibetan antelope, and the
Himalayan wolf.

Sites along the several sites 2015  The Grand Trunk Road is one of Asia's oldest and longest
Uttarapath, Badshahi roads. It connects Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh.
Sadak, Sadak-e-  The road has been used at least since the times of the Maurya
Empire in the 4th century BCE, has been reconstructed several
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Azam, Grand Trunk times in different periods, and has been upgraded to modern
Road traffic in the 20th century.
 In addition to trade, the road has been instrumential in the
spread of ideas, religions, and culture. Several historical sites
have been preserved along the road.
 The Kos Minar, a milestone, in Ambala is pictured.

Keibul Lamjao Manipur 2016  Loktak Lake is a large freshwater lake that features a unique
Conservation Area type of ecosystem called phumdi, floating islands consisting
of soil and vegetation.
 The area is a mixture of aquatic, wetland, and terrestrial
habitats, and is home to sangai, an endangered deer species.
 There are several villages on the shores of the lake, as well some
settlements on the phumdis.

Garo Meghalaya 2018  Garo Hills are inhabited by the Garo people, a tribe that speak a
Hills Conservation language from the Tibeto-Burman family. They practice slash-
Area (GHCA) and-burn agriculture that is regulated by community rules to
ensure sustainable land use.
 The area is interesting from geological perspective, with the
terrain being shaped by the India–Asia collision system. It is also
home to several animal and plant species.

The historic Madhya 2019  The town of Orchha was founded in the 16th century by the
ensemble of Orchha Pradesh Bundela clan to serve as their capital.
 In the following century, it came under the Mughal influence.
The architecture of the Fort complex, palaces, temples, and
gardens, represent a mixture of styles from Rajput and Mughal
architecture. The Jahangir Mahal is pictured.

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Iconic Riverfront of Uttar Pradesh 2021  Varanasi is a holy city of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.
the Historic City of  More than 80 ghats (steps to the river bank) are located along
Varanasi the Ganges, the holy river, and serve as a place for rituals and
festivals.
 Varanasi has been continuously inhabited since at least 1200
BCE, while the earliest stone ghats date to the 14th century.
 Palatial buildings, temples, ashrams, and rest houses for pilgrims
date to the 18th and later centuries.
 The Ahilya Ghat is pictured.

Temples Tamil Nadu 2021  Kanchipuram was the capital of the Pallava dynasty from the
of Kanchipuram 6th to 9th century.
 It is a holy Hindu city which used to have hundreds of temples.
 The architecture marks the shift from rock-cut temples to
free-standing structures.
 Eleven temples are listed in the nomination.

 The Ekambareswarar Temple is pictured.

Hire Benakal, Karnataka 2021  Hire Benakal is the largest megalithic site in India.
Megalithic Site
 The dolmens and rock paintings date to the 1st millennium
BCE, to the Iron Age, and provide information about the culture
that constructed India's first large-scale monuments.

Bhedaghat- Madhya 2021  At Bhedaghat, Narmada River has carved a canyon

Lametaghat in Pradesh through a mountain of white marble (pictured),
Narmada Valley creating a landscape that is both popular with tourists for its
perceived beauty and of special interest for geologists.
 The Lameta Formation contains several fossils, including

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 those of dinosaurs and crocodilians

Satpura Tiger Madhya 2021  The forests in the Satpura Range hills are protected as a habitat
Reserve Pradesh of a large population of tiger.
 The area acts as a faunal bridge between the Western Ghats
and the Himalayas and is also home to several endangered
plant species.

Serial Nomination of Maharashtra 2021  This nomination comprises 14 forts in Maharashtra. They are
Maratha Military typically constructed of basalt rocks, typically on the hills, and
Architecture in were used for defensive purposes in different historic periods.
Maharashtra  The forts are connected to the Marathi ruler Chhatrapati Shivaji
who commissioned several of them in the 17th century.

 The Raigad Fort is pictured.

Geoglyphs of Konkan Maharashtra, 2022  This nomination comprises ten sites with geoglyphs in the
Region of India Goa Konkan coast.
 They date from the Mesolithic period about 10 millennia BCE to
the second millennium BCE.

 They depict animals, human figures, and abstract art,

and are related to the transition from hunter-gatherer societies
to settled ones.

Jingkieng jri: Living Meghalaya 2022  A living root bridge is a type of simple suspension bridge
Root Bridge Cultural formed of living plant roots by tree shaping.
Landscapes  They are handmade from the aerial roots of rubber fig trees
(Ficus elastica) over several generations and are common in the
communities of the Khasi people.
 The bridges reflect a harmonious relationship between people

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 and nature.

Sri Veerabhadra Andhra 2022  The Hindu temple is located in the Lepakshi village. The
Temple and Pradesh construction of the temple started around 1100, while the major
Monolithic Bull development took place during the period of the Vijayanagara
Empire, from 1350 to 1600, when a large complex was built.
(Nandi), Lepakshi (The
Vijayanagara Sculpture  The temple contains important examples of Vijayanagara art,
and Painting Art including the only surviving frescoes from that period.

Tradition)  A large monolithic bull (Nandi) is located on the temple

grounds.
VEERABHADRA TEMPLE, LEPAKSHI
 Veerabhadra temple is a Hindu temple located in the
Lepakshi, in the state of Andhra Pradesh
 The temple is dedicated to the Virabhadra, a fierce
incarnation of Lord Shiva.
 Built in the 16th century, the architectural features of the
temple are in the Vijayanagara style with profusion of
carvings and paintings at almost every exposed surface of
the temple.
 It is one of the centrally protected monuments of national
importance and is considered one of the most spectacular
Vijayanagara temples.

 The fresco paintings are particularly detailed in very bright

dresses and colours with scenes of Rama and Krishna from
the epic stories of the Ramayana, the Mahabharata and the
Puranas and they are well preserved.
 There is a very large Nandi (bull), mount of Shiva, about 200
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 metres (660 ft) away from the temple which is carved from a
single block of stone, which is said to be one of the largest of its
type in the world.
 The temple is home to many Kannada inscriptions as its
located close to Karnataka border.
 History →
o The temple was built in 1530 AD (1540 AD is also
mentioned) by Virupanna Nayaka and Viranna , both
brothers who were Governors under the Vijayanagar
Empire during the reign of King Achutaraya, at
Penukonda who were native to Karnataka.

Sun Temple, Gujarat 2022  The Maru-Gurjara architecture temple complex has three
Modhera and its components →
adjoining monuments  Gūḍhamanḍapa, the shrine hall; Sabhamanḍapa, the assembly
hall and Kunḍa, the reservoir.

Vadnagar – A multi- Gujarat 2022  The town has continuous occupation since 750 BCE with
layered Historic town, monuments built throughout the history.
Gujarat

Rock-cut Sculptures Tripura 2022 Unakoti, the chiselled ‘Angkor Wat of the North-East’
and Reliefs of
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the Unakoti, Unakoti  Unakoti means one less than a crore in Bengali and in the local
Range, Unakoti District Kokborok language, it is called Subrai Khung.
 Unakoti is a Saivite pilgrimage site with marvellous rock
carvings, murals with their primitive beauty and waterfalls.
 The site is nestled in the Raghunandan hills in Unakoti District
of Tripura.

 The site dating back to the 7th-9th centuries is now under

Archaeological Society of India (ASI).
Rock Sculptures
 There are two types of images found at Unakoti
o Rock-carved figures
o Stone images
 Among the rock-cut carvings, the CENTRAL SHIVA head and
GIGANTIC GANESHA FIGURES are prominent.
 The central Shiva head - Also known as Unakotiswara Kal
Bhairava.

o The head is about 30 feet high, including an

embroidered head-dress which itself is 10 feet high.
o On each side of the head-dress of the central Shiva, there

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 are two full-size female figures - one of Durga standing
on a lion and another female figure on the other side.
o In addition, 3 enormous images of Nandi Bull are found
half-buried in the ground.
o Hindu mythology says that Lord Shiva once spent a night
here on way to Kashi. Unakoti or one less than a crore
gods and goddesses followed him.
 Ashokastami Mela
o Thousands of pilgrims visit this site every year during
‘Ashokastami Mela’ which takes place in the month of
April.
 Angkor Wat of North-East
o The structures of the rock-cut sculptures are gigantic
and have distinct mongoloid features.
o They display almost the same mystical charm as in the
Angkor Wat temple of Cambodia and hence got the
name.

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