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DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
DEPARTEMENT CHEMIE Faculty of Natural & Agricultural Science
Fakulteit van Natuur- en Landbouwetenskappe
CHM 171
Final Examination / Finale Eksamen
Date /Datum: 5 June/Junie 2015 Examiners / Dr. E. Venter
Eksaminatore: Ms. A. Swart

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Time /Tyd: 3 hrs/ure Ms. A. Botha
Marks / Punte: [88]

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External Examiner /
Pages / Bladsye: 15 Dr. R. Vogel
Eksterne eksaminator :

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Surname Initials
Van Voorletters

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Student Number Signature
Studentenommer Handtekening

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RESULTS / RESULTATE
Section / Examiner /
of
Question / Vraag Marks/ Punte
Afdeling Eksaminator
Question 1 / Vraag 1 12
12
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Question 2 / Vraag 2

A Question 3 / Vraag 3 16
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Question 4 / Vraag 4 12
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Subtotal A / Subtotaal A 52
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B Subtotal B / Subtotaal B 36
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TOTAL / TOTAAL: 88 %
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INSTRUCTIONS INSTRUKSIES
 All answers (calculations, sketches, and diagrams) must  Alle berekeninge, sketse en diagramme moet in swart of
be given in black or blue ink. blou ink gegee word.
 All calculations must be shown in full.  Alle berekeninge moet volledig vertoon word.
 
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Information pages are attached (pages 14 - 15). Inligtingsblaaie is aangeheg (bladsye 14 - 15 ).

 Only the information pages may be carefully removed.
 Use the back of the page if you need more space to
answer a question. Clearly indicate this action in your
answer.
 You may use the molecular model kit.
 Slegs die inligtingsblaaie mag versigtig verwyder word.
 Gebruik die agterkant van die bladsy indien jy meer
spasie benodig vir ‘n antwoord. Dui hierdie aksie duidelik
aan in jou antwoord.
 Jy mag die molekulêre modelstel gebruik.

A CHM 171 winterschool is presented from 615 July 2015. Candidates with a FINAL mark of 4049% qualify for the
winterschool. /‘n CHM 171 winterskool word aangebied van 615 Julie 2015. Kandidate met’n FINALE punt van 40 49%
kwalifiseer vir die winterskool.
SECTION A [52] AFDELING A

Question 1 / Vraag 1 [12]

NF3(𝑔) is used in the etching of silicon wafers in NF3(𝑔) word in die etswerk van silikon skyfies in
micro-electronics. Consider the following mikro-elektronika gebruik. Oorweeg die volgende
formation reaction of NF3(𝑔) at 25℃. vormingsreaksie van NF3(𝑔) by 25℃.

a
𝑵𝟐 (𝒈) + 𝟑𝑭𝟐 (𝒈) ⇌ 𝟐𝑵𝑭𝟑 (𝒈)
a) Do you expect ∆𝑠𝑦𝑠 𝑆° to increase or decrease a) Verwag jy dat ∆𝑠𝑦𝑠 𝑆° sal toeneem of afneem

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during this reaction? Motivate in less than 8 tydens hierdie reaksie? Motiveer in minder as 8
words. [1] woorde. [1]

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b) The equilibrium constant (𝐾𝑝 ) for this reaction at b) Die ewewigskonstante (𝐾𝑝 ) vir hierdie reaksie by

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25°𝐶 is 1.262 x 1029. Calculate the change in the 25°𝐶 is 1.262 x 1029. Bereken die verandering in
standard free energy (in 𝑘𝐽). [3] standaard vrye energie (in 𝑘𝐽). [3]
[ANSWER: -166.1 kJ]
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c) Determine ∆𝑟 𝐻° and ∆𝑟 𝑆° for the reaction. [4] c) Bepaal ∆𝑟 𝐻° en ∆𝑟 𝑆° vir die reaksie. [4]
[ANSWERS: -249.0 kJ & -278.0 J/K]
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CHM 171 2/15 © University of Pretoria

Final Examination 2015
 d) Is this reaction entropy- or enthalpy driven? [1] d) Is die reaksie entropie- of entalpiegedrewe? [1]

e) What is the temperature range (in ℃) in which the e) Wat is die temperatuurgebied (in ℃) waarin die
reaction will be product favoured? [3] reaksie produkbevoordeeld is? [3]
[ANSWER: <622.5℃]

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Question 2 / Vraag 2 [12]
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A functioning voltaic cell made with the half-cells ‘n Werkende voltaiëse sel gemaak met die
Cr3+(aq) | Cr(s) and halfselle:
Ce4+(aq) | Ce3+(aq), Cr3+(aq) | Cr(s) en
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has a measured cell potential of 2.48 𝑉 (at 25°𝐶) Ce4+(aq) | Ce3+(aq),

het ‘n gemete selpotensiaal van 2.48 𝑉 (by 25°𝐶)
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when the concentration of ions in solution are the

following: wanneer die konsentrasies van ione in oplossing
soos volg is:
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Ce4+(aq) 3.0 𝑀
Ce3+(aq) 0.10 𝑀
Cr3+(aq) unknown / onbekend
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a) Write down the balanced net ionic reaction a) Skryf die gebalanseerde netto ioonvergelyking
𝑜 𝑜
equation and calculate 𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 at 25°𝐶 [2] neer en bereken 𝐸𝑠𝑒𝑙 by 25°𝐶. [2]
[ANSWER: 2.35 V]
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CHM 171 3/15 © Universiteit van Pretoria

Finale Eksamen 2015
 b) Determine the unknown concentration of the Cr3+ b) Bepaal die onbekende konsentrasie van die Cr3+
ions. [4] ione. [4]
[ANSWER: 6.93310-3 M]

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c) Determine the standard free energy change (in c) Bepaal die standard vrye energie verandering (in
𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙) for this electrochemical cell. [2] 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙) vir hierdie elektrochemiese sel. [2]
[ANSWER: -680. kJ/mol]
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d) Assume the specifications of the Cr/Ce voltaic cell
include the delivery of 0.25 𝐴 of current for
1.00 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟, what is the minimum mass of chromium
that must be used for the electrode in this cell? [4]
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d) Gestel die spesifikasies vir die Cr/Ce voltaiese sel
vereis die lewering van ‘n stroom van 0.25 𝐴 vir
1.00 𝑢𝑢𝑟 lank, wat is die minimum massa chroom
wat gebruik moet word vir die elektrode in hierdie

sel? [4]
[ANSWER: 0.16 g]
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CHM 171 4/15 © University of Pretoria

Final Examination 2015
 Question 3 / Vraag 3 [16]

3.1 Use Hess’s Law of heat of reactions summation to 3.1 Gebruik Hess se Wet van reaksiewarmte-
determine the enthalpy for the following reaction: sommering om die entalpie vir die die volgende
reaksie te bepaal:
𝟐𝑵𝟐 (𝒈) + 𝟒𝑶𝟐 (𝒈) → 𝟒𝑵𝑶𝟐 (𝒈)
Use information on the data sheet as well as the Gebruik die data op die datablad asook die
following reaction: volgende reaksie:

a
2𝑁𝑂(𝑔) + 𝑂2 (𝑔) → 2𝑁𝑂2 (𝑔) ∆𝑟 𝐻° = −112 𝑘𝐽

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Clearly show all the thermochemically balanced Toon duidelik al die termochemiese gebalanseerde
reaction equations used. [4] reaksievergelykings gebruik. [4]
[ANSWER: Combination of two reaction equations  137.16 kJ]

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3.2 Pure NaOH granules are neutralized with 3.2 Suiwer NaOH korrels word geneutraliseer met
30.00 𝑐𝑚3 of a 0.150 𝑀 HCl solution in a coffee- 30.00 𝑐𝑚3 van ‘n 0.150 𝑀 HCl oplossing in ‘n
cup calorimeter. The volume of the final solution is koffiebeker-kaloriemeter. Die volume van die finale
30.355 𝑚𝐿 with a density of 1.105 𝑔/𝑚𝐿 and with oplossing is 30.355 𝑚𝐿 met ‘n digtheid van
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a specific heat capacity of 4.228 𝐽/𝑔 ∙ 𝐾. All 1.105 𝑔/𝑚𝐿 en met ‘n spesifieke warmtekapasiteit
reagents had a starting temperature of 24.50°𝐶 van 4.228 𝐽/𝑔 ∙ 𝐾. Al die reagense het ‘n begin-
with the final solution a temperature of 27. 45 °𝐶. temperatuur van 24.50°𝐶 gehad met die finale
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Determine the enthalpy for the neutralization oplossing ‘n temperatuur van 27. 45°𝐶. Bepaal die
reaction (in 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜l). [5] entalpie van die neutralisasie-reaksie (in 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙).
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[5]
[ANSWER: -93 kJ/mol]
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CHM 171 5/15 © Universiteit van Pretoria

Finale Eksamen 2015
 3.3 As part of a 1st year Chemistry practical session, the 3.3 As deel van ‘n 1ste jaar Chemie prakties, word die
following reaction was used: volgende reaksie gebruik:

𝟑𝑪𝒖(𝒔) + 𝟖𝑯𝑵𝑶𝟑 (𝒂𝒒) → 𝟑𝑪𝒖(𝑵𝑶𝟑 )𝟐 (𝒂𝒒) + 𝟐𝑵𝑶(𝒈) + 𝟒𝑯𝟐 𝑶(𝒍)

A student takes 2.69 𝑔 of powdered copper and
adds 50.00 𝑚𝐿 of a 0.750 𝑀 HNO3 solution to it.
Assume no volume changes and a 98.4% yield for
this reaction.
a) Calculate the [Cu2+] in the final bright blue
‘n Student neem 2.69 𝑔 koperpoeier en voeg dit by
50.00 𝑚𝐿 van ‘n 0.750 𝑀 HNO3 oplossing. Neem
aan geen volume veranderinge vind plaas nie en
dat die opbrengs 98.4% is vir hierdie reaksie.
a) Bereken die [Cu2+] in die finale, helderblou

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solution. [5] oplossing. [5]
[ANSWER: 0.277 M]

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b) What is the mass of NO(𝑔) produced? [2] b) Wat is die massa van NO(𝑔) wat geproduseer
word? [2]
[ANSWER: 0.277 g]
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CHM 171 6/15 © University of Pretoria

Final Examination 2015
 Question 4 / Vraag 4 [12]

4.1 Clearly illustrate the nature of the VSEPR model for
covalent bond formation using a Lewis dot
structure as well as a 3D Lewis line structure to
predict the electron pair geometry and the
molecular geometry for XeO2F3 ̶ .
Show bond angles in the 3D Lewis line structure.
4.1 Illustreer duidelik die aard van die VSEPA-model vir
kovalente bindingsvorming, deur gebruik te maak
van Lewiskol- asook 3D Lewislynstrukture en
voorspel die elektronpaargeometrie en die
molekulêre geometrie van XeO2F3 ̶
Toon die bindingshoeke in die 3D Lewislyn-

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[4] struktuur. [4]
Lewis dot structure / Lewiskolstruktuur Lewis line structure / Lewislynstruktuur

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Electron pair geometry
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Elektronpaar-geometrie
Molecular geometry
Molekulêre geometrie
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4.2 How will the structure change if the Xe in 4.1 is 4.2 Hoe sal die stuktuur verander indien die Xe in 4.1
replaced with chlorine to make a species with met chloor vervang word om ‘n spesie met presies
exactly the same terminal atoms (2 O and 3 F)? (It dieselfde terminale atome (2 O en 3 F) te maak?
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does not necessarily carry the same charge). (Dit dra nie noodwendig dieselfde lading nie). Gee
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Give the Lewis dot structure, 3D Lewis line
structures, electron pair geometry and molecular
geometry. Indicate the bond angles and any dipole
moments in the 3D Lewis line structures
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die Lewiskol- en 3D Lewislynstrukture,
elektronpaargeometrie en molekulêre geometrie.
Dui die bindingshoeke en enige dipoolmomente
[4] aan in die 3D Lewislynstruktuur. [4]

Lewis dot structure of the species with chlorine as the Lewis line structure of the species with chlorine as the
central atom/ Lewiskolstruktuur van die spesie met chloor as central atom/ Lewislynstruktuur van die spesie met chloor as
die sentrale atoom die sentrale atoom
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Electron pair geometry

Elektronpaar-geometrie
Molecular geometry
Molekulêre geometrie

CHM 171 7/15 © Universiteit van Pretoria

Finale Eksamen 2015
 4.3 a) The transition metal zinc forms only one cation
with one oxidation state during compound
formation. Explain this behavior with 𝑠𝑝𝑑𝑓-
electron configurations for both the neutral
atom and the cation.
b) Give two sets of 4 quantum numbers for two
electrons occupying the same orbital in the
subshell of highest energy in the cation. [4]
4.3 a) Die oorgangsmetaal sink vorm slegs een
katioon met een oksidasie-toestand gedurende
vorming van verbindings. Verduidelik hierdie
gedrag met 𝑠𝑝𝑑𝑓-elektronkonfigurasies van
beide die neutral atoom en die katioon.
b) Gee twee stelle van 4 kwantumgetalle vir twee
elektrone wat dieselfde orbital beset in die
subskil van hoogste energie vir die katioon. [4]

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SECTION B [36] AFDELING B

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INSTRUCTIONS INSTRUKSIES
1. All calculations must be included on this question paper 1. Alle berekeninge moet op hierdie antwoordstel ingesluit
to support your selections. word om jou keuses te ondersteun.
2. Use only side 2 of the answer sheet. 2. Gebruik slegs kant 2 van die antwoordblad.
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3. Only one answer per question is allowed. 3. Slegs een antwoord per vraag is toelaatbaar.
4. No marks are considered for unclear answers. It is your 4. Geen punte word oorweeg vir onduidelike antwoorde
responsibility to ensure that the answer sheet is readable nie. Dit is u verantwoordelikheid op te sorg dat die
by the optical mark reader. All instructions are provided antwoordblad leesbaar is vir die optiese merkleser. Alle
on the answer sheet. instruksies is op die antwoordblad aangebring.
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Question 1 Vraag 1
Mark option (J) of Question 1 on your computer answer Merk opsie (J) van Vraag 1 op u rekenaarantwoordblad.
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sheet. This is for control purposes only and ensures that you Dit is slegs vir kontroledoeleindes en verseker dat u Kant 2
use Side 2 of the answer sheet. van die antwoordblad gebruik.
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Question 2
Mark option (H) of Question 2 if you are certain that you
have written your student number in the horizontal row of
boxes at the top of the answer sheet and that you have
correctly coded each digit vertically.
The last column here must be blank.
Vraag 2
Merk opsie (H) van Vraag 2 indien u seker is dat u u
studentenommer op die rekenaarantwoordblad in die
boonste horisontale ry blokkies geskryf het, en dat u elke
syfer daarvan vertikaal korrek gekodeer het.
Die laaste kolom hier moet oop wees.

CHM 171 8/15 © University of Pretoria

Final Examination 2015
 Question 3 [1] Vraag 3
The formula of magnesium bromite is Die formule van magnesiumbromiet is

(A) MgBr2 (B) MgBr (C) Mg2Br3 (D) MgBrO3 (E) MgBrO4
(F) MgBrO2 (G) Mg(BrO3)2 (H) Mg(BrO)3 (I) Mg(BrO4)2 (J) Mg(BrO2)2

Question 4 [2] Vraag 4

a
Which one of the following ranks these chemical species In watter een van die volgende opsies is hierdie chemiese
below in order of decreasing size? spesies in volgorde van afnemende grootte?
Ba2+ Cs+ Te2- S Cl

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2+ + 2- 2+ + 2-
(A) Ba > Cs > Te > S > Cl (F) Ba > Cs > Te > Cl > S

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+ 2+ 2-
(B) Cs > Ba > Te > S > Cl (G) S > Cl > Te2- > Cs+ > Ba2+
(C) Te2- > Ba2+ > Cs+ > Cl > S (H) Cl > Te2- > S > Ba2+ > Cs+
(D) Te2- > Cs+ > Ba2+ > S > Cl (I) Te2- > S > Cl > Cs+ > Ba2+

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2- + 2+
(E) Te > Cs > Ba > Cl > S

Question 5 [2] Vraag 5

Which of the following processes represents the second Watter van die volgende prosesse verteenwoordig die

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ionization energy of calcium? tweede ionisasie energie van kalsium?
(A) Ca2+(𝑔) + 2e-  Ca(𝑔) (E) Ca+(𝑔)  Ca2+(𝑔) + e-
(B) Ca(𝑔)  Ca2+(𝑔) + 2e- (F) Ca2+(𝑔) + e-  Ca+(𝑔)
of
(C) 2Ca(𝑔)  2Ca+(𝑔) + 2e- (G) None of the above / Geen van bogenoemde
(D) Ca+(𝑔) + e-  Ca(𝑔)

Question 6 [1] Vraag 6

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Which of the following has the highest electron affinity Watter een van die volgende elemente het die hoogste
(most negative electron attachment enthalpy)? elektronaffiniteit (mees negatiewe elektron-
vashegtingsentalpie )?
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(A) N (B) Aℓ (C) B (D) C (E) F

(F) Na (G) O

A compound has the molecular formula 𝑪𝟏𝟐 𝑯𝟏𝟔 𝑶𝒙 . During ‘n Verbinding het die molekulêre formule 𝑪𝟏𝟐 𝑯𝟏𝟔 𝑶𝒙 .
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the combustion of a 2.80 𝒈 sample, 6.596 𝒈 of CO2 is Tydens die verbranding van ‘n 2.80 𝒈 monster word
produced. Use this information to answer the next two 6.596 𝒈 CO2 geproduseer. Gebruik hierdie inligting om die
questions. volgende twee vrae te beantwoord.
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Question 7 [3] Vraag 7

What is the molar mass of the compound in 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙? Wat is die molêre massa van die verbinding in 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙?
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(A) 176 (B) 192 (C) 208 (D) 224 (E) 256
(F) 288 (G) None/Geeneen

CHM 171 9/15 © Universiteit van Pretoria

Finale Eksamen 2015
 Question 8 [2] Vraag 8
What is the empirical formula of the compound? Wat is die empiriese formule van die verbinding?

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(A) C12H16O (B) C12H16O3 (C) C6H8O (D) C6H8O3 (E) C3H4O

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(F) C3H4O2 (G) C12H16O4 (H) C3H6O3 (I) C6H9O3 (J) None/Geeneen

Question 9 Vraag 9

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[2]
2𝐹 − (𝑎𝑞) + 𝑀2+ (𝑎𝑞) → 𝑀𝐹2 (𝑠)
Which two reagents will you choose to make two aqueous Watter twee reagense sal jy kies om twee waterige

solutions of 0.5 𝑀 each, in order to give the reaction
represented by the net ionic equation above, when mixed?
(A) lead(II) fluoride and magnesium nitrate
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oplossings van 0.5 𝑀 elk te maak wat volgens die bostaande
netto ioniese reaksie sal reageer wanneer hulle gemeng
word?
(A) lood(II)fluoried en magnesiumnitraat

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(B) sodium fluoride and copper(II) carbonate (B) natriumfluoried en koper(II)karbonaat
(C) ammonium fluoride and zinc sulphate (C) ammoniumfluoried en sinksulfaat
(D) potassium fluoride and calcium nitrate (D) kaliumfluoried en kalsiumnitraat
of
(E) iron(II) fluoride and silver chlorate (E) yster(II)fluoried en silwerchloraat
(F) None of the above (F) Geen van bogenoemde nie

Consider the information below and answer the next two Beskou onderstaande inligting en antwoord die volgende
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questions: twee vrae:

2B5H9(𝒈) + 12O2(𝒈)  5B2O3(𝒔) + 9H2O(ℓ)

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During an experiment 12.0 𝒈 of pure B5H9 is mixed with Tydens ‘n eksperiment word 12.0 𝒈 suiwer B5H9 met 48.0 𝒈
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48.0 𝒈 of a gas mixture which is 50.0% O2 by mass. gasmengsel wat 50.0% per massa O2 is, gemeng.
Given:
Substance B5H9 O2 B2O3 H2O
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Molar mass (𝒈/𝒎𝒐𝒍) 63.126 31.999 69.620 18.015

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CHM 171 10/15 © University of Pretoria

Final Examination 2015
 Question 10 [3] Vraag 10
What is the mass of B2O3 produced? Assume 100% yield. Wat is die massa B2O3 wat geproduseer word? Aanvaar ‘n
100% opbrengs.
(A) 43.5 𝑔 (B) 21.8 𝑔 (C) 33.1 𝑔 (D) 52.2 𝑔 (E) 125 𝑔
(F) 5.29 𝑔 (G) 10.0 𝑔 (H) None / Geeneen

Question 11 [2] Vraag 11

a
How much of the excess reagent remains when the reaction Hoeveel van die oormaat reagens bly oor wanneer die
stops? reaksie stop?

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(A) 0.0651 𝑔 (B) 7.89 𝑔 (C) 0.125 𝑔 (D) 4.11 𝑔 (E) 11.5 𝑔
12.5 𝑔 17.9 𝑔 36.0 𝑔 12.0 𝑔

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(F) (G) (H) (I) (J) None / Geeneen

Question 12 [3] Vraag 12

of
3 3
30.0 𝑐𝑚 of nitric acid solution with a 𝑝𝐻 of 2.357 is mixed 30.0 𝑐𝑚 van ‘n salpetersuuroplossing met ‘n 𝑝𝐻 van 2.357
with 150.0 𝑐𝑚3 of distilled water. What is the pH of the new word met 150.0 𝑐𝑚3 gedistilleerde water gemeng. Wat is die
solution? pH van die nuwe oplossing?
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(A) 3.056 (B) 2.357 (C) 0.471 (D) 0.393 (E) 3.135
(F) 4.270 (G) 2.436 (H) 11.785 (I) 10.865 (J) None / Geeneen
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Question 13 [2] Vraag 13

What volume (in 𝑚𝐿) of 0.215 𝑀 H2SO4 is required to Watter volume (in 𝑚𝐿) van 0.215 𝑀 H2SO4 word benodig om
neutralise 25.00 𝑚𝐿 of 0.602 𝑀 KOH? 25.00 𝑚𝐿 van 0.602 𝑀 KOH te neutraliseer?
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(A) 25.0 (B) 50.0 (C) 12.5 (D) 70.0 (E) 35.0
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(F) 7.53 (G) 8.93 (H) 2.80 (I) 17.9 (J) None / Geeneen

Question 14 [1] Vraag 14

The oxidation state of silicon on Na2SiO3 is Die oksidasietoestand van silikon in Na2SiO3 is
(A) 6 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 2 (E)1
(F) 1 (G) 2 (H) 3 (I) 6 (J) None / Geeneen

CHM 171 11/15 © Universiteit van Pretoria

Finale Eksamen 2015
 Question 15 [3] Vraag 15
+ +
How many mol H - ions are needed to balance the reduction Hoeveel mol H -ione word benodig om die reduksie half-
half-reaction (before combining with the oxidation half- reaksie vir die volgende ongebalanseerde redoks-reaksie in
reaction) in acid medium for the following unbalanced redox suur medium te balanseer (voordat dit met die oksidasie
reaction: half-reaksie gekombineer word)?
Si(𝒔) + N2O(𝒈)  Na2SiO3(𝒂𝒒) + NH3OH+(𝒂𝒒)

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(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5
(F) 6 (G) 10 (H) 12 I None / Geeneen

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The next three questions refer to the voltaic cell Die volgende drie vrae verwys na die voltaïese sel wat uit
constructed from the following two half-cells with standard die volgende twee half-selle by standaard kondisies en met
conditions, using platinum electrodes at 25℃: platinum elektrodes saamgestel word by 25℃:

P
𝑷𝒃𝟒+ (𝒂𝒒)|𝑷𝒃𝟐+ (𝒂𝒒) and/en 𝑪𝒍𝟐 (𝒈)|𝑪𝒍− (𝒂𝒒)
The salt bridge is filled with potassium sulphate solution. Die soutbrug is met kaliumsulfaatoplossing gevul.
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Question 16 [1] Vraag 16

ve

The oxidizing agent in the voltaic cell is Die oksideermiddel in die voltaïese sel is

(A) Pb4+ (B) Pb2+ (C) Pb (D) Cℓ2 (E) Cℓ

(F) K+ (G) SO42 (H) K2SO4 (I) Pt
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Question 17 [2] Vraag 17

The correct cell notation for this voltaic cell is Die korrekte selnotasie vir hierdie voltaïese sel is
U

(A) Pt(𝑠) | Pb4+(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) | Cℓ(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) || Cℓ2(𝑔, 1 𝑏𝑎𝑟) | Pb2+(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) | Pt(𝑠)

(B) Pt(𝑠) | Cℓ2(𝑔, 1 𝑏𝑎𝑟) | Pb2+(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) || Cℓ(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) | Pb4+(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) | Pt(𝑠)
(C) Pt(𝑠) | Cℓ(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) | Pb2+(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) || Cℓ2(𝑔, 1 𝑏𝑎𝑟) | Pb4+(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) | Pt(𝑠)
©

(D) Pt(𝑠) | Pb4+(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) | Pb2+(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) || Cℓ2(𝑔, 1 𝑏𝑎𝑟) | Cℓ(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) | Pt(𝑠)

(E) Pt(𝑠) | Pb4+(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) | Pb2+(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) || Cℓ(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) | Cℓ2(𝑔, 1 𝑏𝑎𝑟) | Pt(𝑠)
(F) Pt(𝑠) | Pb2+(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) | Pb4+(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) || Cℓ(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) | Cℓ2(𝑔, 1 𝑏𝑎𝑟) | Pt(𝑠)
(G) Pt(𝑠) | Pb2+(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) | Pb4+(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) || Cℓ2(𝑔, 1 𝑏𝑎𝑟) | Cℓ(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) | Pt(𝑠)
(H) Pt(𝑠) | Cℓ2(𝑔, 1 𝑏𝑎𝑟) | Cℓ(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) || Pb4+(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) | Pb2+(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) | Pt(𝑠)
(I) Pt(𝑠) | Cℓ(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) | Cℓ2(𝑔, 1 𝑏𝑎𝑟) || Pb4+(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) | Pb2+(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) | Pt(𝑠)
(J) Pt(𝑠) | Cℓ(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) | Cℓ2(𝑔, 1 𝑏𝑎𝑟) || Pb2+(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) | Pb4+(𝑎𝑞, 1 𝑀) | Pt(𝑠)

CHM 171 12/15 © University of Pretoria

Final Examination 2015
 Question 18 [3] Vraag 18
 
Given a standard Cℓ2/Cℓ half-cell, what must the ratio Gegee ‘n standaard Cℓ2/Cℓ halfsel, wat moet die verhouding
[𝑃𝑏 4+ ] : [𝑃𝑏 2+ ] be to deliver a cell potential of 0.46 𝑉 at [𝑃𝑏 4+ ] : [𝑃𝑏 2+ ] wees om ‘n selpotensiaal van 0.46 𝑉 te lewer
25℃? by 25℃?

a
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(A) 0.211 : 1 (B) 4.74 : 1 (C) 1 : 0.211 (D) 1 : 4.74 (E) 1.56 : 1
(F) 1 : 1.56 (G) None / Geeneen

re
Question 19 [3] Vraag 19
An electrolytic cell for aluminium production operates at ‘n Elektrolitiese sel vir aluminium produksie word by 5.00 𝑉

P
5.00 𝑉 and a high current. Calculate the energy consumed bedryf met ‘n hoë stroom. Bereken die energie (in 𝑘𝐽) wat
(in 𝑘𝐽) during the production of 200. 𝑘𝑔 aluminium. verbruik word in die produksie van 200. 𝑘𝑔 aluminium.
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(A) 3.58106 𝑘𝐽 (B) 8.68108 𝑘𝐽 (C) 1.07107 𝑘𝐽 (D) 4.29105 𝑘𝐽 (E) 1.43105 𝑘𝐽
ve

(F) 9.651010 𝑘𝐽 (G) None / Geeneen

Check that you have coded answers 1 to 19 on Side 2 of the answer sheet
ni

Maak seker dat jy antwoorde 1 tot 19 op Kant 2 van die antwoordblad gekodeer het
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C C B I A F J E E D B D E D E E D J ANSWER
19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 QUESTION
©

CHM 171 13/15 © Universiteit van Pretoria

Finale Eksamen 2015
 Some general rules for water solubility of ionic compounds. ’n Paar algemene rëels vir die wateroplosbaarheid van ioniese
verbindngs.
1) All compounds of the alkali metals and the ammonium ion
are soluble. 1) Alle verbindings van die alkaliemetale en die ammoniumioon
2) All nitrates, chlorates, perchlorates and acetates are is oplosbaar.
soluble. Silver acetate is moderately soluble. 2) Alle nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate en asetate is olosbaar.
3) The chlorides, bromides, iodides are soluble except lead(II), Silwerasetaat is matig oplosbaar.
silver and mercury(I). 3) Die chloriede, bromiede en jodiede is oplosbaar behalwe
4) All fluorides are soluble except lead(II) and Group 2A lood(II), silwer en kwik(I).
5) All sulfates are soluble, excepts for strontium, barium, 4) Alle fluoriede is oplosbaar behalwe lood(II) en Groep 2A.

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lead(II) and mercury(I). 5) Alle sulfate is oplosbaar behalwe strontium, barium, lood(II)
6) All carbonates, chromates and phosphates are insoluble, en kwik(I).
except for group 1A and ammonium. 6) Alle karbonate, chromate en fosfate is onoplosbaar, behalwe
7) Hydroxides are insoluble except for those in (1). Calcium, vir groep 1A en ammonium

or
strontium and barium are moderately soluble. 7) Hidroksiede is onoplosbaar, behalwe vir dié in (1). Kalsium,
8) The sulfides are insoluble except for group 1A, 2A and strontium en barium is matig oplosbaar.
ammonium. 8) Die sulfiede is onoplosbaar behalwe vir groep 1A, 2A en
ammonium.

et
Thermodynamic data / Termodinamiese data

Assume all ∆𝒇 𝑯° and 𝑺° values remain constant at all temperatures / Aanvaar dat alle ∆𝒇 𝑯° en 𝑺° waardes konstant is by alle temperature
∆𝒇 𝑯° (𝟐𝟗𝟖. 𝟏𝟓 𝑲)(𝒌𝑱/𝒎𝒐𝒍) 𝑺° (𝟐𝟗𝟖. 𝟏𝟓 𝑲)(𝑱/𝑲 ∙ 𝒎𝒐𝒍) ∆𝒇 𝑮° (𝟐𝟗𝟖. 𝟏𝟓 𝑲)(𝒌𝑱/𝒎𝒐𝒍)

Pr
Species / Spesie

NO(g)  210.76 

NF3(g)  

THE PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS DIE PERIODIEKE TABEL VAN ELEMENTE
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1 Key / Sleutel 74 Atomic number / Atoomgetal 2
H W Element symbol / Element simbool He
1.0079 183.85 Relative Atomic mass / Relatiewe atoommassa (u) 4.0026
2.1 1.7 Electronegativity / Elektronegatiwiteit
ity

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.941 9.0122 10.811 12.011 14.0067 15.9994 18.9984 20.1797
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
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22.9898 24.3050 26.9815 28.0855 30.9738 32.066 35.4527 39.948

0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.5 3.0
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.0983 40.078 44.9559 47.867 50.9415 51.9961 54.9380 55.847 58.9332 58.693 63.546 65.39 69.723 72.61 74.9216 78.96 79.904 83.80
ve

0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.0
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.4678 87.62 88.9059 91.224 92.9064 95.94 (98) 101.07 102.906 106.42 107.868 112.411 114.82 118.710 121.757 127.60 126.905 131.29
0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.5 2.6
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
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Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.905 137.327 138.906 178.49 180.948 183.85 186.207 190.23 192.22 195.084 196.967 200.59 204.383 207.20 208.980 (209) (210) (222)
0.7 0.9 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.4 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.2
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
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Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
(223) 226.025 227.028 (261) (262) (263) (262) (265) (266) (271) (272) (285)
0.7 0.9

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
©

Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140.115 140.908 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.965 157.25 158.925 162.50 164.930 167.26 168.934 173.04 174.967
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232.038 231.036 238.029 237.048 (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (260)

CHM 171 14/15 © University of Pretoria

Final Examination INFORMATION PAGE /INLIGTINGSBLAD 2015
 Equations / Vergelykings
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ (cylinder / silinder) ∆𝑟 𝐻 𝑜 = ∑𝑛Δ𝑓 𝐻 𝑜 (𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑) − ∑𝑛Δ𝑓 𝐻 𝑜 (𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡) 𝑤𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑛ℱ𝐸
𝐸 = ℎ𝑣
∆𝑟 𝑆 𝑜 = ∑𝑛𝑆 𝑜 (𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑) − ∑𝑛𝑆 𝑜 (𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡) Δ𝑟 𝐺 𝑜 = −𝑛ℱ𝐸 𝑜
𝑍2
𝐸𝑛 = −𝑅ℎ𝑐 2 ∆𝑟 𝐺 𝑜 = ∑nΔ𝑓 𝐺 𝑜 (𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑) − ∑𝑛Δ𝑓 𝐺 𝑜 (𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡) Δ𝑟 𝐺 𝑜 = −RT ln 𝐾
𝑛 𝑅𝑇
1 1 𝑜
Δ𝑆𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑣 𝑜
= Δ𝑆𝑠𝑦𝑠 𝑜
+ Δ𝑆𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟 𝐸 = 𝐸𝑜 − ln 𝑄
∆𝐸 = −𝑅ℎ𝑐𝑍 2 ( 2 − 2 ) 𝑛ℱ
𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑜 0.0257
𝑞𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟 ∆𝐻𝑠𝑦𝑠 𝐸 = 𝐸𝑜 − ln 𝑄 (𝑎𝑡/𝑏𝑦 25°C)
ℎ 𝑜
∆𝑆𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟 = =− 𝑛
𝜆= 𝑇 𝑇
𝑚𝑣 𝑛𝐸 𝑜
Δ𝑈 = 𝑞 + 𝑤 Δ𝑟 𝐺 𝑜 = Δ𝑟 𝐻 𝑜 − 𝑇Δ𝑟 𝑆 𝑜 ln 𝐾 = (𝑎𝑡/𝑏𝑦 25°𝐶)
0.0257
𝑞 = 𝑚𝑐Δ𝑇 Δ𝑟 𝐺 = Δ𝑟 𝐺 𝑜 + 𝑅𝑇 ln 𝑄

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Constants / Konstantes
ℎ = 6.626  10-34 𝐽 ∙ 𝑠 0°𝐶 = 273.15 𝐾
𝑅 = 1.097  107 𝑚−1 C (H2O(ℓ)) = 4.184 𝐽 ∙ 𝑔−1 ∙ 𝐾 −1

or
c = 2.998  108 𝑚 ∙ 𝑠 −1 C (H2O(s)) = 2.06 𝐽 ∙ 𝑔−1 ∙ 𝐾 −1 Gas constant / gaskonstante, R:
NA = 6.022  1023 C (H2O(g)) = 1.92 𝐽 ∙ 𝑔−1 ∙ 𝐾 −1 = 8.3145 𝐽 ∙ 𝑚𝑜𝑙−1 ∙ 𝐾 −1
ℱ = 9.6485 x 104 𝐶 ∙ 𝑚𝑜𝑙−1 of/or 𝐽 ∙ 𝑉 −1 ∙ 𝑚𝑜𝑙−1 ∆𝑓𝑢𝑠 𝐻 𝑜 (𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟) = 6.01 𝑘𝐽 ∙ 𝑚𝑜𝑙−1
𝑒 = 1.602 x 1019 𝐶 ∆𝑣𝑎𝑝 𝐻 𝑜 (𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟) = 40.65 𝑘𝐽 ∙ 𝑚𝑜𝑙−1

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Conversion Factors / Omsettingsfaktore
1 𝑢 = 1.661  1024 𝑔 1 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ = 2.54 𝑐𝑚 1 𝑓𝑡 = 12 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 1 𝑦𝑎𝑟𝑑 = 3 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡 /
1 𝐿 = 103 𝑚3 = 1 𝑑𝑚3 1 𝑑𝑢𝑖𝑚 = 2.54 𝑐𝑚 1 𝑣𝑜𝑒𝑡 = 12 𝑑𝑢𝑖𝑚 1 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑒 = 3 𝑣𝑜𝑒𝑡
1 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 1.000 x 105 𝑃𝑎 1 𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 4.184 𝐽
1 𝐽 = 0.2390 𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 1 𝑃𝑎 ∙ 𝑚3 = 1 𝑚2 ∙ 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑠 −2 = 1 𝑉 ∙ 𝐶 = 1 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡1 𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 9.9 x 10-3 𝐿 ∙ 𝑎𝑡𝑚

Pr
1 𝐶 = 1 𝐴𝑚𝑝1 𝑠𝑒𝑐
1 𝑘𝑊ℎ = 3.6  106 𝐽 1 𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 1.013 x 105 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚−2 = 1.013 x 105 𝑃𝑎 = 760 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔 = 760 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟

Equilibrium / Ewewig
By ewewig: 𝑎𝐴(𝑎𝑞) + 𝑏𝐵(𝑎𝑞) ⇌ 𝑐𝐶(𝑎𝑞) + 𝑑𝐷(𝑎𝑞) 𝑎𝐴(𝑔) + 𝑏𝐵(𝑔) ⇌ 𝑐𝐶(𝑔) + 𝑑𝐷(𝑔) For insoluble salts / 𝑉𝑖𝑟 𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑒
At equilibrium: 𝑀𝑚 𝑋𝑥 (𝑠) ⇌ 𝑚𝑀 𝑥+ (𝑎𝑞) + 𝑥𝑋 𝑚− (𝑎𝑞)
𝐸 = 0 and [𝐶]𝑐 [𝐷]𝑑 𝑃𝐶𝑐 𝑃𝐷𝑑
of
𝐾𝑐 of/or 𝑄 = 𝐾𝑝 of/or 𝑄 = 𝑎 𝑏 𝐾𝑠𝑝 = [𝑀 𝑥+ ]𝑚 [𝑋 𝑚− ]𝑥
𝑄=K 𝑎
[𝐴] [𝐵] 𝑏 𝑃𝐴 𝑃𝐵
Liquids and solids are given a value of 1 unit in the 𝑄 and 𝐾 expressions

Standard Reduction Potentials in Aqueous, Acidic or Basic Solution at 25°C

Standaard Reduksie Potensiale in Waterige, Suur- of Basiese Oplossing by 25°C
ity

Reduction Half-Reaction / Reduksie Half-Reaksie 𝑬° (𝑽)

F2 (g) + 2 e ⇌ 2F (aq) +2.87
Pb (aq) + 2 e
4+  ⇌ Pb2+ (aq) +1.80
H2O2 (aq) + 2 H (aq) + 2 e
+  ⇌ 2 H2O (ℓ) +1.77
Ce4+ (aq) + e ⇌ Ce3+ (aq) +1.61
rs

MnO4 (aq) + 8 H (aq) + 5 e

 +  ⇌ Mn2+ (aq) + 4 H2O (ℓ) +1.52
Au (aq) + 3 e
3+  ⇌ Au (s) +1.50
Cℓ2 (g) + 2 e ⇌ 2 Cℓ (aq) +1.36
Cr2O7 2-(aq) + 14 H+ (aq) + 6 e ⇌ 2 Cr3+ (aq) + 7H2O (ℓ) +1.33
ve

O2 (g) + 4 H+ (aq) + 4 e ⇌ 2 H2O (ℓ) +1.229

Br2 (ℓ) + 2 e ⇌ 2 Br (aq) +1.08
NO3 (aq) + 4 H (aq) + 3 e
 +  ⇌ NO (g) + 2 H2O (ℓ) +0.96
Ag+ (aq) + e ⇌ Ag (s) +0.80
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Fe3+ (aq) + e ⇌ Fe2+ (aq) +0.771

I2 (s) + 2 e 
 ⇌ 2 I (aq) +0.535
O2 (g) + 2 H2O (ℓ) + 4 e  ⇌ 4 OH (aq) +0.40
Cu2+ (aq) + 2 e ⇌ Cu (s) +0.34
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2 H+ (aq) + 2 e ⇌ H2 (g) 0.00

Sn2+ (aq) + 2 e ⇌ Sn (s) 0.14
Ni2+ (aq) + 2 e ⇌ Ni (s) 0.25
Cd2+ (aq) + 2 e ⇌ Cd (s) 0.403
©

Fe2+ (aq) + 2 e ⇌ Fe (s) 0.44

Cr3+(aq) + 3e ⇌ Cr (s) 0.74
Zn2+ (aq) + 2 e ⇌ Zn (s) 0.763
2 H2O (ℓ) + 2 e ⇌ H2 (g) + 2 OH (aq) 0.8277
Aℓ3+ (aq) + 3 e ⇌ Aℓ (s) 1.66
Mg2+ (aq) + 2 e ⇌ Mg (s) 2.37
Na+ (aq) + e ⇌ Na (s) 2.714
K+ (aq) + e ⇌ K (s) 2.925
Li+ (aq) + e ⇌ Li (s) 3.045

CHM 171 15/15 © Universiteit van Pretoria

Finale Eksamen INFORMATION PAGE /INLIGTINGSBLAD 2015