Mohammed Abdullah Al Saleh

3901476

• This occurs as a result of the shedding of the

How can endometrial lining following failure of

menstrual fertilization of the oocyte or failure of

implantation , that are themselves

bleeding controlled by the pituitary and

hypothalamus, the hypothalamo–pituitary–

occur ? ovarian axis (HPO).

Physiology ‫مهم تعرف الفيسيولجي تجي عليه أسئلة‬ Theca = androgens

granulosa=oestrogens
• Hypothalamus GnRH Pituitary Ovary and progesterone

LH –progesterone

Ovulation

bHCG Luteal phase

Progesterone and estrogen

Endometrium preparation
Ovary
Follicular
• follicular phase, which lasts an average of
14 days

phase
Ovulation
Luteal
phase
Menstruation
• During the ovarian follicular phase, the
endometrium undergoes proliferation (the
‘proliferative phase’)
• during the ovarian luteal phase, it has its
‘secretory phase’.
• Menstruation 14 days after ovulation (day 1) ,
endometrium regenerates in the 5th and 6th of the
cycle , Vaginal bleeding will cease after 5–10 days
• ‘Asherman’s syndrome’ : endometrium may
develop scarring which goes on to inhibit its
function
• Mefenamic acid is a PG synthetase inhibitor which
is widely used as a treatment for heavy menstrual
bleeding.
 The
proliferative
phase
Secretory
phase
Measurement
of ovarian
reserve
‫مهم‬
Resources:

• Hacker & Moore’s Essential of obstetrics & gynecology.

• Oxford handbook of obstetrics and gynecology.

Thanks