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Selective Coordination Standards and Design Challenges: Our Energy Working For You
Selective Coordination Standards and Design Challenges: Our Energy Working For You
TM
Selective coordination is one of the The NEC defines selective coordination as:
“Localization of an overcurrent condition to
most widely debated and discussed
restrict outages to the circuit or equipment
subjects in the electrical engineering affected, accomplished by the choice of
community. There is no consensus overcurrent protective devices and their ratings
or settings.”
on what constitutes an appropriately
coordinated system. Two of the most In a selectively coordinated system, a fault
commonly applied standards — is cleared by the protective device nearest
upstream from that fault and does not result in
NFPA 70 (National Electrical Code
unnecessary power loss to other downstream
[NEC]) and NFPA 99 (Health Care loads. Selective coordination is typically
Facilities Code) — give seemingly achieved by using an Overcurrent Protective
Device (OCPD) with an instantaneous trip
contradictory definitions.
setting at the bottom of the distribution and
progressively longer time delays higher in the
With that in mind, let’s look at the system; in the event of a fault only the OCPD
closest to that fault will trip.
tradeoffs involved with designing a
coordinated system and outline the
technical and regulatory case for
applying the NFPA 99 definition of
selective coordination.
Without Selective Coordination With Selective Coordination
OPENS
NOT AFFECTED OPENS
UNNECESSARY NOT
POWER LOSS
Fault AFFECTED Fault
2 2
Oversizing the cable not only increases the cost of the Time (sec) 8 cal/cm PPE 40 cal/cm PPE
system, but also results in a higher level of arc flash 0.05 68 kA 200 kA
incident energy at downstream equipment, as the 0.1 32 kA 183 kA
cable resistance is reduced and allows more current to 0.2 15 kA 86 kA
pass through. 0.33 8 kA 50 kA
0.5 Not Recommended 32 kA
Table 2: Arc flash energy is a function of both fault clearing time and
the available fault current
Selective Coordination
Definitions
The NFPA 70 definition of selective coordination refers
to “the full range of available overcurrent, from overload
to the maximum available fault current, and for the
full range of overcurrent protective device opening
times…”
Summary
Designing a selectively coordinated system presents
challenges. The engineer needs to balance the risks of
temporarily cutting power to the system against safety
risks and the risk of permanent system damage due to
the increased level of arc flash energy.
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