DR USAMA THABET

Material used in
orthodontic

Dr. Usama Thabet /dusamathabet@gmail.com

2

Dr. USAMA THABET

DDS, MS, PhD, Lecturer of Orthodontics, Orthodontic Department,

AL-Azhar University, Asyut.

Active member of Egyptian Orthodontic Society .

Active member OF ASSUIT UNIVERISITY CLEFT TEAM

Tel:
01143341561
Mail :
dusamathabet@gmail.com
d_usama_dent@yahoo.com
 3

CLEFT TEAM
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TABLE OF
CONTENT
01 Introduction
Smile is your
RESPONSIBILITY

02 MY HISTORY

03 MINI IMPLANT
Broadening the scope of
orthodontics

04 . Closing

Dr. Usama Thabet / dusamathabet@gmail.com

WE WORK SIDE BY SIDE WE WORK TOGETHER

YOU TEACH ME I TEACH YOU

Dr. Usama Thabet / dusamathabet@gmail.com

 Materials used in the
orthodontic field
include
all kinds of materials used
for case recording,
preparation, and treatment.

We should look to the End in all things.

-Jean La Fontaine
 Materials used in the orthodontic field
Attachments

Separation Cements and adhesives

Materials

Molding Elastic bands, threads,

materials and power chains

Orthodontic Wires
Impression
Expansion screws
materials
Mini implant

7
Dr. Usama Thabet / dusamathabet@gmail.com
 Mandibular incisor inclination

Mandibular plane angle

Maxillary incisor inclination

Interincisal angle
Tetragon plus (Sagittal skeletal dimensions,
Cephalomtric soft tissue profile

8
 Root positioning
Periodontal health
Temporomandibular joint

9
 Soft tissue profile
Smile

10
 Maxillary intermolar width

Mandibular intercanine width

Arch form
Leveled mandibular arch
Occlusion

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 Impression materials:

12
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13S6qSNcmuE
TRAY SELECTION

Dr. Usama Thabet / dusamathabet@gmail.com

Dr. Usama Thabet / dusamathabet@gmail.com
RESPONSIBILITY

Dr. Usama Thabet / dusamathabet@gmail.com

RESPONSIBILITY

Dr. Usama Thabet / dusamathabet@gmail.com

RESPONSIBILITY

Dr. Usama Thabet / dusamathabet@gmail.com

 Molding materials:
These are the material used for pouring the impression to
form study model.

Dental molding stones are the traditional pouring

materials.

How to pour impression

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A9os3yy51U4
Dr. Usama Thabet / dusamathabet@gmail.com
Trimming a Dental Model

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A9os3yy51U4
20
Digital impression

Dr. Usama Thabet / dusamathabet@gmail.com

How to 3D Print Dental Models for Orthodontics

22
 preparation, and treatment.
active component: passive component:
Separation Cements and adhesives
Materials Acrylic
Bands
Wires
Coil springs Brackets
Bite turbo
Magnets
Buccal tubes
Elastics Lingual cleats and
buttons
Invisible removable
appliances Ligature wire

Dr. Usama Thabet / dusamathabet@gmail.com

Separation Materials:
These are the materials used to separate the teeth to facilitate band
insertion. These materials include:

1. Brass wire with a gauge of 0.5 mm.

2. Elastomeric rings which are stretched and forced between the adjacent
teeth to surround the contact area. These materials have the ability to
return to its original size causing pressure at the contact points and
separation.
 Separation Materials:

These are the materials used to

separate the teeth to facilitate band
insertion. These materials include.

Elastomeric rings which are stretched

and forced between the adjacent teeth
to surround the contact area.
These materials have the ability to
return to its original size causing
pressure at the contact points
and separation.

Elastics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastics_(orthodontics)
 Elastics
They are made of Latex or rubbery material.

They are used as force components of

the fixed appliances.

Elastic bands are either intra-oral

(e.g. for canine retraction), or extra-
oral (e.g. that used with the face
mask to protract the maxilla or the
maxillary arch)
 Elastics
They are made of Latex or rubbery material.

They are used as force components of

the fixed appliances.

Elastic bands are either intra-oral

(e.g. for canine retraction), or extra-
oral (e.g. that used with the face
mask to protract the maxilla or the
maxillary arch)
Elastics are supplied indifferent form
(elastic bands, threads modules, power
chains ,tic ..)
The force dispensed
depends on the cross section
of the elastic and the lumen
of the band.
Force Rating Force (oz.) Force (g)
Light 2 oz. 56.7 g
Medium-Light 3 1/2 oz. 99.2 g
Medium 4 oz. 113.4 g
Medium-Heavy 5 1/2 oz. 155.9 g
Heavy 6 oz. 170.1 g
Extra Heavy 8 oz. 226.8 g
Molar bands:
They are made of tapes soft st.st.
(Band material) They may be ready
made with pre-welded tubes,

or custom made which are

fabricated and welded at
the chair-side.

Band materials are available in

thickness of 0,10 mm to 0.2 mm.
and width of 2.5 mm 5.0 mm to suit
both anterior and posterior teeth.
Cements and adhesives:

Zinc phosphate cement:

Zinc polycarboxylate cement

Glass ionomers

Composite materials
Cements and adhesives:

Glass ionomers:
they have two main advantages;

they are fluoride releasing

materials so, they decrease the
possibility of enamel
decalcification and white spots
formation under and adjacent to
the fixed appliances.
 Cements and adhesives:

Glass ionomers:

Second, they form a chemical

bond with the enamel surface.
They are used for:

-Band cementation: they have higher

strength than the polycarboxylate
cements.

- Bracket bonding to the enamel

surface. They do not need enamel
etching prior to adhesion.
 Cements and adhesives:

Composite materials

They have higher bond strength than glass

ionomers.

The NO-MIX type (chemically

cured and light cured) , which
consists of
a paste
bonding agent.
The bonding agent is applied to
the etched enamel surface.
We should look to the End
in all things.
-Jean La Fontaine
(Orth phosphoric acid 37%
applied for 15-30 seconds

Hydrofluoric Acid Ceramics

After etching, the ceramic

surface is treated with an

activated silane coupling agent

to improve chemical adhesion

and to provide reliable and
durable chemical bonding with
adhesive resin composite
cement .
Frosty appearance)
and lightly wetted
dentin
 Compomers:
these materials have the advantages of
both glass ionmer and composite
materials.

- They bind with the enamel surface

chemically.
- They may be used on etched
enamel.
- They release fluoride.
- They decrease the white spots.
- They have high bond strength
indirect bonding

Dr. Usama Thabet / dusamathabet@gmail.com

Brackets
Dr. Usama Thabet / dusamathabet@gmail.com
 Gold
Stainless steel
Stainless steel plated with a layer of Titanium oxide

Tooth-colored
Ceramics
mono crystalline
polycrystalline ceramics
with a st. st. slots
Zirconium
Plastic

Insignia Customized Braces

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--nJo4gClaI

46
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48
Buccal tube
 Stainless steelis a family of iron-
based alloys that contain a minimum
of approximately 11% chromium

• Austenitic steels are non-magnetic

stainless steels that contain high levels
of chromium and nickel and low levels
of carbon.
• Known for their formability and
resistance to corrosion, austenitic
steels are the most widely used grade
of stainless steel.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainless_steel#Grades
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2667330
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodontic_archwire
Stainless steelis a family of iron-based alloys that contain a minimum of approximately 11% chromium

• Different types of stainless steel

include the elements C (from 0.03% to
greater than 1.00%), N, Al, Si, S, Ti,
Ni, Cu, Se, Nb, and Mo).
• Specific types of stainless steel are
often designated by a three digit
number, e.g., 304 stainless.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2667330
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodontic_archwire
 Stainless steelis a family of iron-based alloys that contain a minimum of approximately 11% chromium

The resistance to ferric oxide formation

results from the presence of the
chromium in the alloy – specifically,
from the propensity of the exposed
chromium atoms to form an "invisible
and adherent chromium-rich oxide film"
that displays the further characteristic of
being able to self-heal (reform the film in
the presence of atmospheric oxygen,
after its being disturbed).[2]:
3 A variety of modifications to content
can thereafter improve corrosion
resistance even further, including:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2667330
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodontic_archwire
 Stainless steelis a family of iron-based alloys that contain a minimum of approximately 11% chromium

• stainless steel can be rolled into sheets,

plates, bars, wire and tubing.

These can be used in cookware, cutlery,

surgical instruments, major appliances,
construction material in large
buildings, industrial equipment (e.g., in
paper mills, chemical plants, water
treatment), and storage tanks and
tankers for chemicals and food
products.[

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2667330
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodontic_archwire
Physical properties of stainless steels

Modulus of Mean coefficient of Thermal Specific Electrical

Density
Designations elasticity thermal expansion conductivity heat resistivity
(kg/dm3)
(GPa) (10−6·K−1) (W/m·K) (J/kg·K) (Ω·mm2/m)

EN [№] AISI/ASTM at 20 °C at 20 °C 20–200 °C 20–400 °C at 20 °C at 20 °C at 20 °C

Austenitic stainless steels

1.4301 304 7.9 200 16.5 17.5 15 500 0.73
1.4401 316 8.0 200 16.5 17.5 15 500 0.75
Duplex stainless steels
1.4462 2205 7.8 200 13.5 14.0 (g) 15 500 0.80
1.4362 2304 7.8 200 13.5 14.0 (n) 15 500 0.80
1.4501 7.8 200 13.5 (n.r.) 15 500 0.80
Ferritic stainless steels
1.4512 409 7.7 220 11.0 12.0 25 460 0.60
1.4016 430 7.7 220 10.0 10.5 25 460 0.60
Martensitic stainless steels
1.4021 420 7.7 215 11.0 12.0 30 460 0.60
1.4418 7.7 200 10.8 11.6 15 430 0.80
Precipitation-hardened stainless steels
1.4542 630 7.8 200 10.8 11.6 16 500 0.71
wires https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodontic_archwire

• Archwires are the base wires, which are engaged in

brackets of the various appliance systems.
• Depending primarily on their composition and the manner
in which they have been produced, wires will have
different degrees of these properties:
1. Strength: the highest force necessary for its fracture.
2. Elastic limit: the maximum stress that can be applied
before the wire is permanently deformed.
3. Modulus of elasticity: the ratio between the stress and
deformation.
4. Resiliency: it’s potential to return to its original shape
after force application.
• The most current materials used have been; Gold alloys
(historical; Angle), Stainless steel. Chrome-cobalt and
nickel titanium (nitinol).
 CLASSIFICATION OF ARCHWIRE MATERIALS
• 1. Classification of archwire materials based on material constituent
• a. Gold
• b. Stainless steel
• c. Chrome-cobalt
• d. Nickel-titanium
• e. Beta titanium
• f. Alpha titanium
• g. Titanium niobium alloy
• h. Multi-stranded arch wires
• I. Composite/coated wires
• j. Optiflex archwires
 CLASSIFICATION OF ARCHWIRE MATERIALS
• 2. Classification of arch wires according to cross section:
• a. Round
• b. Square
• c. Rectangular
• d. Miscellaneous

• 3. Classification of arch wires based on the diameter of the arch wire

• a. Round
• b. Square
• c. Rectangular
 CLASSIFICATION OF ARCHWIRE MATERIALS
• 4. Classification of archwires according to the microstructural arrangement
• a. Simple cubic
• b. Face centered cubic
• c. Body centered cubic.
 Acrylic

Acrylics are used for the

construction of removable
appliances, either retainers
or active appliances.

The particular acrylic resin

used most often in
orthodontics is a polymethl-
acrylate, an ester of meth
acrylic acid.
Expansion screws
Expansion screws: they are screws which may be embedded in the acrylic base, or soldered to
tooth bands by means of rigid wires to facilitate expansion of the dental and/or basal arches
specially in the maxilla.
They may be one-directional mainly for anterior expansion,
two- directional for bilateral expansion,
or three-directional for both together.
 Soldering and Welding
Welding is defined as a process
of union of two similar metal
parts by means of application of
heat so as to raise the
temperature of the metallic parts
at the joint area without the
addition of third metal in
between the parts.
https://www.slideshare.net/sumitrajewar/soldering-
welding?qid=bb54cb2a-2211-4b4d-9607-
0526ec72fc7d&v=&b=&from_search=3
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1u9yR3U87g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nNSlYVqJyVc
• • SPOT WELDING
• • PRESSURE WELDING
• • LASER WELDING
• • LASER micro WELDING
 Soldering and Welding
• Welding Spot welding:
• The two clean metal surfaces to
be welded are placed together
under pressure.
• Two ends of wire or band to be
welded are placed between two
copper electrodes of welder and
pressed together
• When switch is pressed large
current passes through the wires or
band on the copper electrode.
Combined heat and pressure fuses
the metal pieces at that point
https://www.slideshare.net/sumitrajewar/soldering-
welding?qid=bb54cb2a-2211-4b4d-9607-
0526ec72fc7d&v=&b=&from_search=3
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1u9yR3U87g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nNSlYVqJyVc
RESPONSIBILITY

Dr. Usama Thabet / dusamathabet@gmail.com

 Soldering
is defined as the joining of metals
by the fusion of filler metal
between them, at a temperature
below the solidus temperature of
the metals being joined and
below 450° C.
Components of solder joint:
1. Parent metal
2. Flux
3. Anti-flux
4. Solder/filler metal
In Latin flux means “to flow”
Purpose of flux is to remove any oxide coating on the metal
surfaces
Thank You
Dr. Usama Thebe
dusamathabet@gmail.com
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Twitter : @D_usama1979
• https://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=g1YMvo46uHY