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Diseases prevented by vaccines

1. Hepatitis B
It is the irritation and swelling (inflammation) of the liver due to infection
with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). You can get this disease through
contact with blood or body fluids (such as semen, vaginal fluids, and
saliva) from someone who has the virus. For this reason, it is essential
that the child receives this vaccine in the first 12 hours after birth, since
the risk of mother-child transmission is reduced.
ENGERIX B
Is a vaccine developed for the prevention of a hepatitis B infection the
vaccine contains one of the envelope proteins of the hepatitis B virus,
the hepatitis B surface antigen. After the course of three injected doses,
it is expected that the immune system has created antibodies against
HBsAg and they have become established in the bloodstream. The
antibody formed is known as anti-HBsAg and provides immune memory
against hepatitis B, 1 a disease that causes serious damage to the liver.

2. Tuberculosis
Is an infection that, in most cases, attacks the lungs, but in children it
affects other organs, such as the brain. A serious case could lead to
serious complications or cause death.
BCG
The BCG vaccine was discovered in 1921 by Albert Chalmette and
Camette Guerin, from whose initials it takes its name (BCG, Bacillus of
Calmette-Guérin). Its massive use began in 1947, by the Danish Red
Cross.
The BCG vaccine is given at birth as part of the expanded immunization
program. It is the most widely administered vaccine in history. More than
200 million children receive the vaccine each year, a number that has
been increasing since it was introduced into the WHO expanded
immunization program in 1974.
 3. Polio
Polio is a virus that paralyzes 1 in 200 people who contract it. Of those
cases, between 5% and 10% die from paralysis of the respiratory
muscles. Once paralysis sets in, there is no cure for polio - only one
treatment to relieve symptoms.
The long-awaited polio vaccine came in 1955 from Jonas Salk, a New
York microbiologist of Jewish and Russian origin. The story of its
creation is an example of perseverance and hard work. The vaccine was
injectable and was based on the three varieties of the virus grown in
monkey tissue and subsequently inactivated in formalin. Once injected
into the body, the viruses traveled through the bloodstream and the
patient's immune system developed defenses against the virus.
Vaccinated people did not develop the disease but could be carriers of
the virus that continued to spread through feces and saliva.
4. Difteria
It is a disease that infects the throat and tonsils and, as a consequence,
children who suffer from it find it difficult to breathe and swallow. Severe
cases can damage the heart, kidneys, and / or nerves.
DTP
It was discovered in 1923 and its efficacy is evident when the incidence
of the disease before and after its implantation in the 1940s in Europe is
compared, so much so that no case was reported in Spain for 30 years.
The discovery of the diphtheria bacillus was announced in 1883 by its
author, the scientist T. A. E. Klebs (1834-1913). This sage is credited
with the leadership of the ethiopathological aspect, which started the era
of bacteriology and microbiology with the discoveries of Louis Pasteur.
5. Enfermedades neumocócicas
Pneumococcal diseases range from serious illnesses, such as
meningitis and pneumonia, to milder ones such as sinusitis or ear
infections.
Pneumococcal diseases are a common cause of illness and death
throughout the world, especially among children under the age of two.
Neumocócicas
A pneumococcal vaccine that protects against 14 different strains was
officially licensed in 1977, and in 1983 it was expanded to protect
against 23 strains. This vaccine is polysaccharide, and it is called
PPSV23. However, it is most effective in adults, and does not build
immunity uniformly in children under two years of age. In 2000, official
authorization was granted for a different vaccine for children, called
PCV7.
6. Sarampión
Measles is a highly contagious disease, caused by a virus from the
paramyxovirus family and transmitted through the air. Symptoms include
fever and cough, as well as terrible skin rashes. Typically, fever occurs
before skin rashes; however, with the appearance of the rashes, the
existing fever can rise to 104 ° F or higher.
Symptoms generally begin one to two weeks after infection with the
measles virus, and most people recover within two to three weeks.
MMR
A vaccine to protect against measles was developed in the 1960s and
was quickly adopted. Extensive vaccination programs, including the
Measles Initiative, which began in 2001 through the American Red
Cross, the United Nations Foundation, the US Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, UNICEF and the World Health Organization
contributed to a worldwide decrease in measles cases, until the number
of cases among children dropped to 118,000 by 2008
7. Virus del papiloma humano (VPH)
The human papillomaviruses are diverse groups of DNA viruses
belonging to the Papillomaviridae family. They do not have an envelope
and have an approximate diameter of 52-55 nm. Represents one of the
most common sexually transmitted diseases.
VPH
Just over ten years have passed since the approval of the vaccine
against the human papillomavirus (HPV) and its implementation in the
vaccination schedules internationally. It is a vaccine that, since its
inception, has been accompanied by a great controversy about its safety
and effectiveness and that now, thanks to the publication of the first
epidemiological studies on vaccination campaigns, it is possible to clear
up.
In June 2006, the first vaccine against the virus was approved, which
made it possible for the first time to effectively prevent the development
of lesions caused by HPV. Since then at least 68 countries have
adopted HPV vaccination programs, albeit unevenly.
8. Coronavirus
The coronavirus is a group of viruses that cause illnesses ranging from
the common cold to more serious illnesses such as pneumonia, Middle
East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and severe acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS). Notably, the coronavirus strain (2019-nCoV) that
caused the outbreak in China is new and previously unknown.
Vaccines against COVID-19 comprise the set of vaccines that try to
prevent the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for
the 2019-2021 coronavirus disease pandemic.
By February 2021 ten vaccines have been authorized for public use by
at least one competent regulatory authority. In addition, there are about
70 candidate vaccines in clinical research, of which 17 in phase I trials,
23 in phase I-II trials, 6 in phase II trials, and 20 in phase III trials.1
Vaccines against COVID-19, can be classified according to the vector
they use to introduce the SARS-CoV-2 material. The vector can be an
inactivated version of the coronavirus itself, another virus (generally an
adenovirus) that has had SARS-CoV-2 RNA inserted, or messenger
RNA alone.