TO: Barkley Wolfe, Manager

Eastbrook Shopping Center

FROM: Delores Ondecko, Chief of Operations DO

DATE: November 23, 20-

SUBJECT: Proposal for lmproving Exterior Lighting at Eastbrook

I amsubmitting for your review my department's proposal to upgrade the exterior lighting system at
Eastbrook Shopping Center. This document responds to our October 15,20-, tenants' meeting and
subsequent discussions with you regarding safety on the property.

Of special note are the following sections addressing questions you or our tenants brought up:

Customer attitudes (in Figure 1)..........................................'....... 2

Standard illumination levels (Methods) ...................................... 3
Cost estimate... ........................5

Thank you for reviewing our data and suggestions. We look forward to your response. lf you decide to
accept our proposal, we are eager to implement the needed changes.

Figure r4.3 Formal Proposal

I
Chapter r4
 PROPOSAL FOR IMPROVED EXTERIOR LIGHTING
AT EASTBROOK SHOPPING CENTER

Prepared for
Barkley Wolfe, Manager
Eastbrook Shopping Center

Prepared by
Delores Ondecko, Chief of Operations
{

November 23,20-

Figure r4.1 Formal Proposal, cont.

Proposals I
I

Figure r4.3 Formal Proposal, cont.

348 | Chapter r4
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Evidence from our security office, police records, and customer attitude survey proves that Eastbrook
Shopping Center has a problem with inadequate lighting outside the building at night.

To impiove the lighting so that it meets recommendations of the llluminating Engineering Society and
other experts, we need to exchange our current 150-watt bulbs for 4$watt bulbs and install five new
pole lights and six new wall-mount lamps.

The recommended changes will cost less than 51,700 and will improve our security level, liability rating,
and public image, along with decreasing our energy costs.

Figure r4.3 Formal Proposal, cont.

Proposals I
 INTRODUCTION

Problem
Inadequate illumination in Eastbrook Shopping Cente/s parking areas is a serious concern. As good
corporate citizens, we have a responsibility to the community to maintain a safe environment. As
merchants, we recognize that shoppers and employees expect and have a right to a safe environment.
We risk losing customers if Eastbrook does not maintain a secure, peaceful image. We also must watch
expenses. However, it is evident from our research that as a result of poor lighting, safety on our
grounds is not ensured.

Solution
Problems with lighting can be eliminated if we upgrade our exterior lighting system to meet
recommendations of local law enforcement and utilities personnel and llluminating Engineering Society
(lES)* guidelines, (Terms designated by an asterisk are defined in the glossary on page 6.) To increase
illumination sufficiently in all areas outside the building, we must exchange our 150-watt mercury
vapor* bulbs for HPS* bulbs as well as add six wall-mount lights and five new poles in the parking areas.

Obiectives
The purpose of this proposal is to improve the quality of exterior lighting at Eastbrook Shopping Center
so that customers, employees, and staff feel safe walking to and from the building and their vehicles and
so that our parking area does not become the site of illegal activities.

Background
Our records for the last six months prove that we do, indeed, have a problem:
(**'
8 incidents of shoplifting (unresolved) 3 purse snatchings

1 assault and battery 1 kidnaPPing

Further, the police department rates the relative safety of Eastbrook to be low compared to other
shopping centers. (See Appendix A.)

In addition, the survey our marketing agency conducted last month showed that mbre than 50% of the
400 respondents feel some concern for their safety in entering or exiting our building after dark. Refer
to Table 1 for the breakdown of the responses.

Figure 4.3 Formal Proposal, cont.

35o I chapter 4
 fable 1. Attitudes Regarding EastbroolCs Exterior Environment at Night (by percentage)

Respondedts Extremely Slightly Comfortable Slightly Uncomfortable

by Age Comfortable Comfortable Uncomfortable
18-20 ) 37 15 42 7

2t-35 15 19 39 15 t2
36-s0 5 t4 22 23 36

over 50 1 o 13 28 49

TOTAL 26 73 89 108 104

PERCENT 18 22 27 26

lf this unsafe image continues in the public mind, we will begin to lose valuable customers and
eventually will lose business occupants of our shopping center. Note particularly the high rate 149%l ot
people over 50 who are uncomfortable. With the "graying of America," this group includes a large
number of customers we cannot afford to lose. Businesses will move to a location where thev and their
customers feel safe. Moreover, we risk a lawsuit if incidents occur that we could have prevented,

Data Sources
The data used to create this proposal came from our security records, interviews with Edison Electric
public safety directors at other shopping centers, a customer survey we commissioned, data and
recommendations from law enforcement and the llluminating Engineering Society+, and an experiment
conducted by our staff.

Scope and Limitations

In seeking solutions, we wanted to increase safety without creating the image of an armed fortress. The
solution must appeal to the public and our business occupants. ln addition, any changes we make should
be visually attractive and not unpleasant for our commercial and residential neighbors. We also have
considered cost and energy consumption.

DISCUSSION

Methods
To determine the amount of light currently being produced, we used a footcandle meter* at the base of
each pole. An Edison Electric representative recommended an average of one footcandle* per sguare
foot (5mith). Research revealed that /ES Lighting Hondbook supports increasing the typical roadway

lighting level by 50% for mall parking lots, suggesting 0.25 to 0.50 or more footcandles lRea22.22-231.

Figure 4.3 Formal Proposal, cont.

 our results indicated that Eastbrook's lights are generally lower than the suggested
illumination. The readings ranged from a high of 1.8 to a low of 0.1, as you can see in Figure
1

below.

Figure 1. Exterior Light Intensity and Proposed Fixture Addltions

KEY
plocement for new poles
exi5ling lighl poles
light mer Hdings
U.S. Highwcy 66

x
@
Porking

In addition, a video-recorded experiment revealed that in landscaped sections of

our parking lots, a /
person could stand undetected beside a tree or large shrub until the observer was as close as 2 feet. Our

research shows that almost all parking and pedestrian walkway areas need increased lighting'

an engineer at
Given the video-recorded experiment and the footcandle meter readings we collected,
as indicated on
Edison Electric recommended placement of five new lighting poles outside our building,

the map in Figure 1 above. Along with the new pole lights, the engineer said that six wall-mount liShts
levels. The six
installed on the building should bring illumination up to the standard recommendation
one on side of the main entrance and one on each side of the
lights will be mounted as follows: each
with the remaining two placed on the northeast and the southwest walls (Smith).
back entrance,

Figure 4.3 Formal Proposal, cont'

352 | chaPter 4
 5

Scheduling
We would like to make the suggested improvements as soon as possible. Once equipment has been
ordered and received, the project should take less than two weeks, as you can see in Figure ,.
,| ' t',u-t , .L
Lighting ( / L' - JPtv<;+ O't?
Figure 2. Schedule for lmproving Eastbrook's Exterior '144-

o Order 5 light
poles

o Exchonge l5O.
for 400 wott
bulbs

o Order 6
Perimoliier lights

o Instoll new light

POres

o lnsioll 400-wott
bulbs

o lnstoll 6 Perimoliter
lights
l- -.8 9 lOll 12131415 161718 1920
- JonuorY

The installation of the five new poles according to lE5 guidelines will require an outside contractor.
Edison Electric has the special equipment needed and can install the poles in one week. Because we do
not have the cherry picker required to do this job, the utilities company also will need to replace our
150-watt bulbs with the new 400-watt bulbs. This task should take no more than one day. Three
members of our maintenance staff can install the six wall-mount lights in less than one day. The entire
project should be complete and lighting improved within a month.

Materials and Equipment

We can purchase the 400-watt bulbs from our current supplier, Witherspoon Inc., for only 510 per unit

stock of 150-watt bulbs for 400-watt bulbs.

- Edison Electric will order the materials and erect the five new poles we need. We should contract with
Edison to service the pole lights because we do not own the equipment to do so ourselves.

Proposals l3p
 Cost
The adjustments necessary to upgrade exterior lighting and implement IES guidelines will cost
51,588.75. The following budget details the expenses for this project.

Five 4O-foot metal poles s@ s211.9s s1,0s9.7s

Six Perimaliter lights 6@ s70.00 42O.OO

Shipping charges for exchanging bulbs 34.00

Edison Electric service fee 175.00

51,588.75

In addition to the one-time installation costs, service costs will affect our budget. Operating costs will
decrease if this proposal is implemented. Two reasons for the decrease are the longer life and the lower
energy consumption of HPS lamps. Mercury vapor lamps have an average rated life of 18,00(F24,000
hours (Kaufman 8-102), while HPS lamps are likely to be good fot 24,@O hours or more (Sorcar 57). In
addition, Edison Electric experts suggest that we will see an 8-10% reduction in energy use with the HPS
lamps, even taking into account the increased wattage (Smith).

CONCLUSION
lf Eastbrook's exterior lighting is not improved, future problems are likely to occur. We might face a
decrease in the number of customers willing to shop with us during the evening and an increase in our
insurance rates as a result of liability suits. This proposal is a corrective as well as preventive measure
that increases the safety level for everyone on the property at night. Eastbrook will benefit from a stable
environment both night and day.

We recommend that 51,688.75 be allocated in this quarte/s operating budget for the installation of five
new 4O-foot metal light poles and six new wall-mount fixtures along with the replacement of all 150-
watt mercury vapor bulbs with 4qFwatt HPS lamps. These changes will enhance our security and our
image at a reasonable cost.

Figure r4.3 Formal Proposal, cont.

t54 | Chapter 4
 GLOSSARY
bulb A synthetic light source operated with electricity.

footcandle A unit of illuminance.

footcandle meter A meter that indicates the amount of light one candle will produce in one foot of
space.

HPS high-pressure sodlum. A bulb whose light is derived mainly from sodium vapor,

IES llluminating Engineering Society of North America, a professional organlzation founded in 1905 and
dedlcated to the theory and practice of illuminating engineering.

lamp A synthetic light source operated with electricity. l

mercury vapor A bulb whose "light is mainly produced by radiation from mercury vapor" (Sorcar 333).
l

Figure r4.3 Formal Proposal, cont.

Proposals I
 WORKS CITED
Abbott, Marvin, Chief of Security, Golden Crossing Mall. Personal Interview.5 Nov.20-.

Kaufman, John E. IES Lighting Hondbook: The Stondord Lighting Guide.5th ed. New york: The

fl lu minating Engineering Society, I97 2. Print.

Rea, Mark S., ed. ,ESNA Lighting Hondbook: Reference ond Applicotiors. New york: llluminating

Engineering Society of North America, 2000, Print.

Smith, Jason, Chief Engineer, Edison Electric. Personal Interview. 1 Nov.20-.

Sorcar, Prafuffa C. Energy Soving Lighting Systems. New York: Van Norstrand Reinhold, 1982. Print.

Figure r4.3 Formal Proposal, cont.

356 | Chapter r4

E
 APPENDIX A
Police Security Ranking for
Shopping Centers and Malls
Metropolitan Police quarterly Report
June20- Security Ranking-Shopping Centers and Malls

1 = Most Secure Environment 5 = Least Secure Environment

Ronkings drc hosed on o formulo including reported in nt, sevedty of crime, victims, and cost.

Monrovian Heights 1 WrightlyWay Mall 3

Riggan's Place 1 Anandana Plaza 3

Crossroads Mall 2 Caruso's Crossing 4

South Dunbury Center 2 Eastbrook Shopping Center 4

Newtown Shopping Center 2 Benton Shopping Center 5

Village Mall 2 Sargain Hunter's WaY 5

Figure r4.3 Formal Proposal, cont.