SIMPLE TENSES [active]

simple simple simple

past present future

V2 V1 will V1
affirmative
yaptı yapar yapacak

don’t V1
didn’t V1 won’t V1
doesn’t V1
negative
yapmadı yapmaz yapmayacak

go
went will go
goes

gitti gider gidecek

don’t go
didn’t go won’t go
doesn’t go

gitmedi gitmez gitmeyecek

example
work
worked will work
works

çalıştı çalışır çalışacak

don’t work
didn’t work won’t work
doesn’t work

çalışmadı çalışmaz çalışmayacak

1
 SIMPLE CONTINUOUS TENSES [active]
simple simple simple
past present future
continuous continuous continuous
am Ving
was Ving
is Ving will be Ving
were Ving
affirmative are Ving
yapıyordu yapıyor yapıyor olacak

am not Ving
wasn’t Ving
isn’t Ving won’t be Ving
weren’t Ving
negative aren’t Ving

yapmıyordu yapmıyor yapmıyor olacak

am going
was going
is going will be going
were going
are going

gidiyordu gidiyor gidiyor olacak

am not going
wasn’t going
isn’t going won’t be going
weren’t going
aren’t going

gitmiyordu gitmiyor gitmiyor olacak

example
am working
was working
is working will be working
were working
are working

çalışıyordu çalışıyor çalışıyor olacak

am not working
wasn’t working
isn’t working won’t be working
weren’t working
aren’t working

çalışmıyordu çalışmıyor çalışmıyor olacak

2
 PERFECT TENSES [active]
past present future
perfect perfect perfect
have V3
had V3 will have V3
affirmative
has V3
yapmış durumdaydı yapmış durumda yapmış durumda olacak

haven’t V3
hadn’t V3 won’t have V3
hasn’t V3
negative
yapmamış durumda
yapmamış durumdaydı yapmamış durumda
olacak

have gone
had gone will have gone
has gone

gidiyordu gidiyor gidiyor olacak

haven’t gone
hadn’t gone won’t have gone
hasn’t gone

gitmemiş durumdaydı gitmemiş durumda gitmemiş durumda olacak

example
have worked
had worked will have worked
has worked

çalışmış durumdaydı çalışmış durumda çalışmış durumda olacak

haven’t worked
hadn’t worked won’t have worked
hasn’t worked

çalışmamış durumdaydı çalışmamış durumda çalışmamış durumda olacak

3
 PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES [active]
past present future
perfect perfect perfect
continuous continuous continuous
have been Ving
had been Ving will have been Ving
affirmative
has Ving
yapıyordu yapıyor yapıyor olacak

haven’t been Ving

hadn’t been Ving won’t have been Ving
hasn’t been Ving
negative
yapmıyordu yapmıyor yapmıyor olacak

have been going

had been going will have been going
has been going

gitmiş durumdaydı gitmiş durumda gitmiş durumda olacak

haven’t been going

hadn’t been going won’t have been going
hasn’t been going

gitmiyordu gitmiyor gitmiyor olacak

example
have been working
had been working will have been working
has been working

çalışıyordu çalışıyor çalışıyor olacak

haven’t been working

hadn’t been working won’t have been working
hasn’t been working

çalışmıyordu çalışmıyor çalışmıyor olacak

4
 simple present [affirmative] simple present [negative]

1. They ---- at birds. 1. Kevin ---- his workbook.

A) looking B) look A) doesn’t opens B) don’t open
C) to look D) looks C) doesn’t open D) don’t opens

2. She ---- a piano lesson every Monday. 2. Our hamster ---- apples.
A) take B) to take A) doesn’t eat B) don’t eat
C) taking D) takes C) don’t eats D) doesn’t eats

3. I usually ---- at home on Fridays. 3. You ---- with your friends.

A) stays B) stay A) doesn’t chat B) don’t chats
C) staying D) to stay C) doesn’t chats D) don’t chat

4. John ---- waiting for the bus. 4. She ---- a ruler.

A) hates B) hate A) doesn’t uses B) don’t use
C) hating D) to hate C) doesn’t use D) don’t uses

5. They ---- the Internet every evening. 5. We ---- the bus to school.
A) use B) to use A) don’t takes B) don’t take
C) using D) uses C) doesn’t take D) doesn’t takes

6. She ---- her grandmother every 6. Lessons ---- at half past nine.
Christmas. A) doesn’t start B) don’t start
A) visiting B) visits C) doesn’t starts D) don’t starts
C) visit D) to visit
7. You ---- your homework before school.
7. He ---- driving fast cars. A) don’t does B) doesn’t do
A) love B) loving C) doesn’t does D) don’t do
C) loves D) to love
8. Charlie ---- ice hockey.
8. Emma ---- in the lessons. A) doesn’t play B) don’t play
A) dreaming B) to dream C) doesn’t plays D) don’t plays
C) dreams D) dream
9. My father ---- the car every Saturday.
9. I always ---- breakfast. A) doesn’t cleans B) don’t clean
A) eat B) eating C) doesn’t clean D) don’t cleans
C) to eat D) eats
10. My brother ---- English.
10. He ---- in Beijing. A) doesn’t teach B) don’t teaches
A) to live B) live C) don’t teach D) doesn’t teaches
C) living D) lives

5
 simple present [question] simple present continuous [affirmative]

1. ---- Sarah and Linda ---- their pets? 1. Alexander ---- a film.
A) Do / feed B) Does / feeds A) watches B) is watching
C) Do / feeds D) Does / feed C) watch D) are watching

2. ---- your teacher ---- your homework? 2. We ---- a computer game.

A) Do / checks B) Does / check A) is playing B) play
C) Do / check D) Does / checks C) are playing D) plays

3. ---- they ---- in the old house? 3. Mary ---- her hair.
A) Does / lives B) Do / lives A) is washing B) are washing
C) Do / live D) Does / live C) wash D) washes

4. ---- the cat ---- on the wall in the 4. The dog ---- at the cat.
mornings? A) bark B) barks
A) Do / sits B) Does / sits C) is barking D) are barking
C) Do / sit D) Does / sit
5. I ---- to Doris.
5. ---- your parents ---- TV in the afternoon? A) talk B) are talking
A) Do / watch B) Does / watches C) am talking D) is talking
C) Do / watches D) Does / watch
6. Peter ---- his rabbits.
6. ---- Nina ---- computer games? A) are feeding B) feed
A) Does / play B) Does / plays C) feeds D) is feeding
C) Do / play D) Do / plays
7. Philipp and Johnny ---- a song.
7. ---- your grandmother ---- the phone? A) are singing B) sing
A) Do / answer B) Does / answers C) sings D) is singing
C) Do / answers D) Does / answer
8. You ---- the poem by heart.
8. ---- the pupils ---- school uniforms? A) learn B) learns
A) Do / wears B) Does / wear C) is learning D) are learning
C) Do / wear D) Does / wears
9. He ---- in the lake.
9. ---- she ---- friends? A) swims B) is swimming
A) Does / has B) Does / have C) are swimming D) swim
C) Do / have D) Do / has
10. Andrew and Colin ---- muffins.
10. ---- you ---- to the cinema? A) makes B) make
A) Does / goes B) Do / goes C) is making D) are making
C) Does / go D) Do / go

6
 simple present continuous [negative] simple present continuous [question]

1. The baby ---- now. 1. ---- the children ---- their homework?
A) aren’t crying B) doesn’t cry A) Do / do B) Are / doing
C) isn’t crying D) don’t cry C) Does / do D) Is / doing

2. We ---- a farm. 2. ---- Richard ---- in the garden?

A) don’t visit B) aren’t visiting A) Is / working B) Does / work
C) doesn’t visit D) isn’t visiting C) Do / work D) Are / working

3. Gerry, Joe and Boris ---- hamburgers. 3. ---- you ---- the kitchen, Tom?
A) aren’t eating B) doesn’t eat A) Do / clean B) Are / cleaning
C) don’t eat D) isn’t eating C) Is / cleaning D) Does / clean

4. My teacher ---- at the bus stop. 4. ---- the cat ---- in the basket?
A) don’t wait B) doesn’t wait A) Does / sleep B) Are / sleeping
C) isn’t waiting D) aren’t waiting C) Do / sleep D) Is / sleeping

5. They ---- the phone. 5. ---- Cliff and Oliver ---- friends?
A) doesn’t answer B) aren’t answering A) Are / meeting B) Does / meet
C) isn’t answering D) don’t answer C) Do / meet D) Is / meeting

6. The rabbit ---- over the fence. 6. ---- your mother ---- sandwiches?
A) isn’t climbing B) aren’t climbing A) Does / make B) Do / make
C) doesn’t climb D) don’t climb C) Is / making D) Are / making

7. I ---- the door. 7. ---- the birds ---- water?

A) isn’t opening B) aren’t opening A) Do / drink B) Are / drinking
C) am not opening D) don’t open C) Is / drinking D) Does / drink

8. The baby ---- now. 8. ---- Carmen ---- a pullover?

A) aren’t crying B) isn’t crying A) Is / wearing B) Does / wear
C) doesn’t cry D) don’t cry C) Do / wear D) Are / wearing

9. They ---- fun at Tom's party. 9. ---- he ---- a museum?

A) don’t have B) doesn’t have A) Are / visiting B) Does / visit
C) aren’t having D) isn’t having C) Do / visit D) Is / visiting

10. She ---- hamburgers. 10. ---- they ---- the windows?
A) isn’t eating B) don’t eat A) Do / clean B) Are / cleaning
C) doesn’t eat D) aren’t eating C) Does / clean D) Is / cleaning

7
 simple present 11. She ---- the news regularly.
vs
simple present continuous A) watches B) is watching

12. He ---- a t-shirt and shorts today.

1. Look! He ---- the house.

A) is leaving B) leaves A) is wearing B) wears

13. He often ---- to the cinema.

2. She usually ---- to school.

A) is going B) goes
A) is walking B) walks

3. I ---- anything at the moment. 14. He ---- in a restaurant now.

A) is not working B) does not work

A) do B) am not doing

4. Marc ---- fruits and vegetables. 15. They ---- to a restaurant every Saturday.

A) are going B) go
A) is liking B) likes

16. She ---- at the moment.

5. Caroline ---- long blond hair.

A) has B) is having A) does not study B) is not studying

17. I ---- the kitchen every day.

6. She ---- the guitar now.

A) play B) is playing A) clean B) am cleaning

18. They ---- to the party tomorrow.

7. Every Sunday we ---- to see my
grandparents.
A) come B) are not coming
A) are going B) go
19. Ron and Fred ---- the computer now.
8. He ---- an apple at the moment.
A) are checking B) check
A) is not eating B) does not eat
20. He usually ---- his homework.
9. He ---- a story to her every day.
A) is not doing B) doesn’t do
A) is reading B) reads

10. Quiet please! I ---- a test.

A) write B) am writing

8
 simple past [affirmative] simple past [negative]

1. They ---- something to drink. 1. Susan ---- in the kitchen.

A) order B) are ordering A) didn’t waited B) doesn’t wait
C) ordered D) ordering C) didn’t wait D) don’t wait

2. Last summer I ---- to Stuttgart. 2. He ---- handball.

A) went B) am going A) doesn’t play B) didn’t play
C) go D) goes C) isn’t waiting D) didn’t played

3. She ---- her homework in the afternoon. 3. They ---- the classroom.
A) is doing B) does A) don’t clean B) didn’t cleaned
C) did D) are doing C) doesn’t clean D) didn’t clean

4. Our cat ---- a big mouse. 4. She ….. a lot of questions.

A) is catching B) caught A) doesn’t ask B) isn’t asking
C) catches D) catch C) didn’t ask D) don’t ask

5. In 2011 our class ---- a trip to Norwich. 5. I ---- the beds.

A) to make B) are making A) don’t make B) am not making
C) made D) is making C) doesn’t make D) didn’t make

6. The secretary ---- the file yesterday. 6. The friends ---- new computers.
A) deletes B) is deleting A) don’t get B) aren’t getting
C) delete D) deleted C) didn’t get D) doesn’t get

7. The people ---- something to each other. 7. You ---- a house.

A) whispered B) is whispering A) didn’t built B) don’t build
C) whispers D) to whisper C) didn’t build D) aren’t building

8. The car ---- at the traffic lights. 8. The children ---- home.
A) stop B) is stopping A) aren’t running B) don’t run
C) stopped D) stops C) not to run D) didn’t run

9. The boys ---- basketball. 9. Christian ---- a new guitar.

A) tries B) tried A) doesn’t buy B) didn’t buy
C) is trying D) try C) don’t buy D) isn’t buying

10. She ---- some chocolates to the party. 10. She ---- a bath in the morning.
A) brought B) bringing A) didn’t had B) didn’t have
C) is bringing D) brings C) don’t have D) not to have

9
 simple past [question] simple past
vs
1. ---- Steven ---- to music yesterday simple present
evening?
A) Did / listened B) Does / listen 1. She ---- to Australia in 1994 and she liked
C) Did / listen D) Do / listen it very much.
A) go B) went
2. ---- the ladies ---- a cup of tea in the café? C) goes D) going
A) Did / have B) Does / have
C) Do / have D) Are / having 2. My father usually ---- his steak well-done.
A) liked B) like
3. ---- Nancy ---- in the French lesson? C) liking D) likes
A) Is / texting B) Does / text
C) Did / text D) Do / text 3. My sisters ---- for England every year in
June.
4. ---- Melissa and Ruth ---- pullovers last A) leaves B) left
Friday? C) leaving D) leave
A) Do / wear B) Are / wearing
C) Does / wear D) Did / wear 4. The dog ---- its toy last night.
A) eats B) ate
5. ---- your brother ---- hello to people in the C) eating D) eat
street?
A) Does / say B) Did / said 5. The policeman ---- to the burglar
C) Do / say D) Did / say yesterday.
A) talking B) talk
6. ---- the teacher ---- the windows in your C) talked D) talks
classroom?
A) Does / open B) Did / open 6. She ---- a test last week.
C) Is / opening D) Are / opening A) have B) has
C) having D) had
7. ---- the girls in your class ---- chess two
weeks ago? 7. The gentleman ---- to his servant 2 hours
A) Do / play B) Are / playing ago.
C) Does / play D) Did / play A) speaks B) speaking
C) speak D) spoke
8. ---- your mother ---- breakfast last
morning? 8. The kangaroo always ---- its baby.
A) Does / made B) Did / make A) carry B) carried
C) Is / making D) Do / make C) carries D) carrying

9. ---- you ---- the door? 9. My friend ---- a lot every day.
A) Are / closing B) Do / close A) talking B) talk
C) Did / close D) Is / closing C) talked D) talks

10. ---- Claire ---- the housework? 10. The man ---- to the supermarket last
A) Did / finished B) Does / finish weekend.
C) Do / finish D) Did / finish A) drove B) driving
C) drive D) drives

10
11. My brothers ---- for England last week. simple past continuous [affirmative]
A) leaves B) left
C) leave D) leaving 1. He ---- the beds.
A) made B) was making
12. I don't like that man because he often ---
C) making D) were making
- at me.
A) laugh B) laughing 2. The boys ---- the parrots.
C) laughed D) laughs A) was feeding B) fed
C) were feeding D) feeding
13. Her sister never ----
A) smoking B) smokes
3. We ---- breakfast at 5:30 this morning.
C) smoke D) smoked A) were having B) are having
C) was having D) had
14. The cat usually ---- its basket when it is
hungry.
4. She ---- a nice skirt.
A) left B) leaving
A) is wearing B) was wearing
C) leave D) leaves C) were wearing D) wore

15. I often see her mother but she never ----

5. Tom's younger brother ----
to me.
A) were crying B) is crying
A) spoke B) speaks
C) was crying D) crying
C) speaking D) speak
6. She ---- photos with my new camera.
16. After school, James ---- to become a
A) was taking B) took
banker.
C) taking D) were taking
A) wanting B) wants
C) wanted D) want 7. My father ---- vegetables at the
supermarket.
17. They ---- to New York five years ago.
A) bought B) buying
A) travel B) travelling
C) were buying D) was buying
C) travelled D) travels
8. They ---- on the sofa.
18. Sally usually ---- her lunch at home. A) are sitting B) were sitting
A) eats B) ate
C) was sitting D) is sitting
C) eating D) eat
9. Alice ---- around the lake.
19. Lucy ---- her friends last week. A) was walking B) walked
A) doesn’t meet B) didn’t meet C) were walking D) is walking
C) isn’t meeting D) didn’t met
10. Caron ---- to the radio.
20. She ---- French last year.
A) is listening B) was listening
A) study B) studies C) are listening D) were listening
C) studying D) studied

11
 simple past continuous [negative] simple past continuous [question]

1. Sarah and Luke ---- 1. ---- Ashley ---- on the computer?

A) was not working B) are not working A) Is / working B) Does / work
C) did not work D) were not working C) Was / working D) Did / work

2. Mister Miller ---- chemistry. 2. ---- they ---- the bike?

A) were not teaching B) did not teach A) Were / repairing B) Are / repairing
C) was not teaching D) not teaching C) Did / repair D) Do / repair

3. Barry ---- a lorry. 3. ---- Melissa ---- out a book?

A) did not drive B) was not driving A) Did / take B) Was / taking
C) not driving D) were not driving C) Were / taking D) Is / taking

4. Taylor and Bob ---- home. 4. ---- you ---- to music?

A) were not cycling B) did not cycle A) Are / listening B) Were / listen
C) not cycling D) was not cycling C) Do / listen D) Were / listening

5. My brother and I ---- a board game. 5. ---- Nicolas ---- at a picture?

A) was not playing B) were not playing A) Did / look B) Was / look
C) not playing D) did not play C) Is / looking D) Was / looking

6. John and Martin ---- pizza. 6. ---- Emma and Bertha ---- their friend?
A) not eating B) did not eat A) Were / phoning B) Are / phoning
C) were not eating D) are not eating C) Do / phone D) Did / phoning

7. John ---- a horse. 7. ---- the girl ---- the window?

A) is not riding B) did not ride A) Is / opening B) Was / opening
C) not riding D) was not riding C) Does / open D) Did / open

8. The tourists ---- on a big aeroplane. 8. ---- he ---- judo?

A) were not flying B) not flying A) Did / do B) Was / do
C) did not fly D) are flying C) Is / doing D) Was / doing

9. The reporters ---- in front of the building. 9. ---- the friends ---- home from school?
A) did not stand B) not standing A) Were / coming B) Did / coming
C) were not standing D) was not standing C) Do / come D) Does / come

10. Annie ---- the table. 10. ---- Tyler ---- with the cooking?
A) was not cleaning B) did not clean A) Was / help B) Does / help
C) is not cleaning D) not cleaning C) Was / helping D) Did / help

12
 Simple Past 10. We ---- go down the road at 100 kph
vs when the wheel fell fall off.
Simple Past Continuous A) were going B) went
C) going D) was going
1. The boys ---- while the girls were
11. He nearly ---- a heart attack when he
sunbathing.
A) swimming B) was swimming saw the bear.
C) swam D) were swimming A) had B) was having
C) to have D) were having
2. While the parents ---- breakfast, their
12. She ---- in a questionnaire when the pen
children were running about.
A) had B) were having ran out of ink.
C) having D) was having A) filled B) to fill
C) was filling D) were filling
3. I ---- asleep while I was watching TV last
13. Mike ---- his friend because he was
night.
A) fell B) was falling facing the other way.
C) were falling D) falling A) weren’t seeing B) didn’t saw
C) wasn’t seeing D) didn’t see
4. I was cycling through the park, when I ----
14. Uncle Ben ---- dressed when he felt a
a strange noise.
A) was hearing B) hearing sharp pain in his chest.
C) heard D) were hearing A) was getting B) got
C) were getting D) getting
5. It ---- to rain while she was watering the
15. While we ---- , we were doing crossword
flowers in her garden.
A) started B) starting puzzles.
C) was starting D) to start A) waited B) was waiting
C) waiting D) were waiting
6. While he ---- a shower, his dogs were
16. Nick ---- sick while he was travelling in
eating his steaks.
A) were taking B) took Texas.
C) to take D) was taking A) was becoming B) to become
C) became D) were becoming
7. Cindy ---- her leg while she was
17. I dropped a cup while I ---- the dishes.
snowboarding.
A) broke B) was breaking A) washing B) washed
C) to break D) were breaking C) were washing D) was washing

18. When Inga was driving, she ---- an

8. My father was driving at 70 km/h when a
animal in the road.
policeman ---- him.
A) to stop B) stopped A) was noticing B) noticed
C) was stopping D) were stopping C) to notice D) were noticing

19. Jon and Bill were washing the car when

9. My dad ---- off the ladder while he was
they ---- their friend Alex.
painting the carport.
A) to fall B) was falling A) saw B) were seeing
C) fell D) falling C) seeing D) see

20. While I was texting, the school bus ----

A) was arriving B) to arrive
C) arrived D) were arriving

13
 Simple Present Continuous 11. When I phoned my friends, they ----
vs Monopoly.
Simple Past Continuous A) are playing B) is playing
C) was playing D) were playing
1. I ---- now. I am on holiday.
12. When Jane ---- a language course in
A) was not working B) am not working
C) were not working D) not working Ireland, she visited Blarney Castle.
A) is doing B) were doing
C) are doing D) was doing
2. I live in Kharkiv, but now I ---- in Moscow.
A) am living B) was living
13. When I got up yesterday, the sun ----
C) living D) were living
A) was shining B) is shining
3. The thieves ---- in the kitchen when the C) were shining D) are shining
police came in.
14. He ---- in China this summer.
A) was hiding B) are hiding
A) are travelling B) were travelling
C) were hiding D) is hiding
C) is travelling D) was travelling
4. Listen! The telephone ----
15. We ---- to lunch now. Would you like to
A) was ringing B) are ringing
join us?
C) were ringing D) is ringing
A) were going B) is going
5. We ---- breakfast when she walked into C) are going D) was going
the room.
16. The children ---- when their father came
A) are having B) is having
home.
C) was having D) were having
A) are playing B) is playing
6. My Dad ---- his lunch now. C) was playing D) were playing
A) are not having B) is not having
17. My father can’t come to the phone now.
C) were not having D) was not having
He ---- a shower.
A) is taking B) was taking
7. Unfortunately, the Petersons ---- for
dinner today. C) are taking D) were taking
A) were not coming B) is not coming
18. When I ---- the washing-up, I broke a
C) was not coming D) are not coming
plate.
A) were doing B) are doing
8. I ---- ; I didn't hear you come in.
A) am sleeping B) was sleeping C) am doing D) was doing
C) were sleeping D) are sleeping
19. While I ---- past some villages, I saw
some people in their gardens.
9. Look! Junko ---- into the water.
A) am cycling B) was cycling
A) are jumping B) was jumping
C) were jumping D) is jumping C) were cycling D) is cycling

20. She can't go out today. She ---- for an

10. You won't find Jerry at home right now.
exam.
He ---- in the library.
A) are preparing B) was preparing
A) was studying B) are studying
C) is studying D) were studying C) is preparing D) were preparing

14
 simple future [affirmative] simple future [negative]

1. Tomorrow it ---- in the north-west. 1. Tim ---- the teacher.

A) rains B) rained A) does not tell B) will not tell
C) is raining D) will rain C) did not tell D) was not telling

2. My friend ---- 12 next Monday. 2. I hope I ---- the train to Manchester.

A) was B) will be A) did not miss B) am not missing
C) is D) were C) will not miss D) was not missing

3. Hey John! Wait a minute. I ---- a word 3. She ---- her hair green.
with you. A) is not dyeing B) does not dye
A) have B) had C) did not dye D) will not dye
C) is having D) will have
4. He ---- breakfast tomorrow morning.
4. She ---- her boss next week. A) was not preparing B) will not prepare
A) was contacting B) contacted C) does not prepare D) is not preparing
C) will contact D) contacts
5. The manager ---- trees in front of the
5. I think you ---- this job. office building.
A) got B) will get A) did not plant B) was not planting
C) is getting D) was getting C) does not plant D) will not plant

6. They ---- at about 6 pm. 6. Melissa ---- jeans at her party.

A) are arriving B) arrive A) is not wearing B) did not wear
C) arrived D) will arrive C) will not wear D) was not wearing

7. The teacher ---- this exercise. 7. My friends ---- in a city.

A) will explain B) explains A) do not live B) did not live
C) explained D) was explaining C) was not living D) will not live

8. He ---- the bottle of water. 8. We ---- about the bad weather.

A) drops B) is dropping A) is not worrying B) did not worry
C) will drop D) dropped C) will not worry D) were not worrying

9. Lots of accidents ---- in that weather. 9. I ---- in this lake.

A) happened B) were happening A) will not swim B) was not swimming
C) happen D) will happen C) do not swim D) am not swimming

10. She ---- if you show her the spider. 10. You ---- the vase on the shelf.
A) is screaming B) screamed A) do not reach B) did not reach
C) will scream D) was screaming C) is not reaching D) will not reach

15
 simple future [question] Simple Present
vs
1. ---- our team ---- the match? Simple Future
A) Does / win B) Did / win
C) Is / winning D) Will / win 1. I’ll call you when I ---- at my hotel.
A) will arrive
2. When ---- you ---- in Scotland? B) arrive
A) Are / arriving B) Will / arrive C) arrives
C) Do / arrive D) Did / arrive
2. He ---- you as soon as he’s on the bus.
3. ---- Colin ---- the housework this week? A) texts
A) Does / do B) Did / do B) text
C) Is / doing D) Will / do C) will text

4. ---- you ---- in for a moment? 3. Let’s eat dinner when John ---- here.
A) Are / coming B) Were / coming A) gets
C) Will / come D) Did / come B) will get
C) get
5. Where ---- she ---- in 2030?
A) Is / living B) Will / live 4. Julie ---- late tomorrow evening, so I’ve
C) Did / live D) Was / living booked a table at a restaurant for 10pm.
A) is
6. ---- I ---- you at home tomorrow? B) are
A) Will / ring B) Did / ring C) will be
C) Was / ringing D) Am / ringing
5. As soon as I ---- able to, I’m going to get
7. ---- you ---- me the salt, please? a new job.
A) Were / passing B) Are / passing A) am
C) Will / pass D) Do / pass B) will be
C) is
8. ---- Rupert ---- breakfast?
A) Does / make B) Will / make 6. Please wait here until the nurse ---- you.
C) Did / make D) Is / making A) call
B) will call
9. ---- the teacher ---- her parents? C) calls
A) Does / phone B) Did / phone
C) Was / phoning D) Will / phone 7. I ---- up early tomorrow morning and
finish the report then.
10. ---- Frank ---- 16 this year? A) will get
A) Was / turning B) Will / turn B) get
C) Is / turning D) Did / turn C) gets

8. Before you ---- , please make sure you’ve

locked the door.
A) leaves
B) leave
C) will leave

16
9. She ---- us know later, when she’s ready 18. She’s going to look for a job as soon as
to leave. she ---- in London.
A) lets A) arrives
B) let B) will arrive
C) will let C) arrive

10. I must clean the kitchen before my 19. Today after I ---- out of class, I will go to
mother ---- here. a movie with some friends.
A) gets A) gets
B) will get B) will get
C) get C) get

11. I ---- to meet you at the station next 20. She ---- me an email before she leaves
weekend. the office later today.
A) come A) send
B) will come B) will send
C) comes C) sends

12. I ---- until you’re finished – then we can

go.
A) wait
B) waits
C) will wait

13. John will study until he ---- all the

answers.
A) know
B) knows
C) will know

14. She thinks that it ---- next weekend.

A) will rain
B) rains
C) rain

15. What do you want to do after the class --

-- ?
A) finish
B) will finish
C) finishes

16. I think that the Democrats ---- the next

election.
A) will win
B) win
C) wins

17. Jenny will come here after she ---- work.

A) finish
B) finishes
C) will finish

17
 simple future continuous [affirmative] simple future continuous [negative]

1. Peggy ---- to the party on Saturday. 1. I ---- Japanese next month.

A) will come B) is coming A) do not learn B) was not learning
C) will be coming D) comes C) will not be learning D) will not learn

2. We ---- him tomorrow. 2. The model ---- new outfits in Paris this
A) will meet B) meet time on Friday.
C) was meeting D) will be meeting A) is not presenting B) did not present
C) will not be presenting D) does not present
3. This time next week he ---- to South
Africa. 3. I ---- to this song everyday next week.
A) was flying B) will fly A) will not be listening B) was not listening
C) will be flying D) is flying C) do not listen D) will not listen

4. At 6 o'clock on Friday they ---- the new 4. Our team ---- against Black Horses next
song. season.
A) sing B) will be singing A) was not playing B) will not play
C) were singing D) sang C) does not play D) will not be playing

5. It ---- when I reach Bangkok. 5. The hairdresser ---- best stars' hair.
A) rained B) is raining A) did not cut B) will not be cutting
C) rains D) will be raining C) is not cutting D) will not cut

6. Tomorrow at nine I ---- a test. 6. The student ---- for the exam this time
A) write B) will be writing next month.
C) am writing D) will do A) does not revise B) will not revise
C) was not revising D) will not be revising
7. Andy ---- a video when I arrive tonight.
A) will be watching B) watches 7. My dad ---- tomorrow in the morning.
C) watch D) is watching A) does not fish B) will not fish
C) is not fishing D) will not be fishing
8. You ---- pizza soon.
A) was eating B) will be eating 8. I ---- my work at 9 pm next week.
C) ate D) eats A) will not be finishing B) am not finishing
C) did not finish D) will not finish
9. She ---- when you telephone her.
A) will sleep B) sleeps 9. Mark ---- a bike this time tomorrow.
C) is sleeping D) will be sleeping A) will not ride B) is not riding
C) will not be riding D) did not finish
10. They ---- in Budapest just about now.
A) arrived B) was arriving 10. We ---- the Olympic Games.
C) will arrive D) will be arriving A) were not watching B) will not watch
C) will not be watching D) do not watch

18
 simple future continuous [question] Simple Future
vs
1. What ---- the president ---- ? Simple Future Continuous
A) Does / visit B) Will / visit
C) Will / be visiting D) Did / visit 1. John told us that he ---- when we arrive at
the station so we will have to get a taxi.
2. Who ---- my mum ---- to? A) will be working
A) Was / talking B) Will / be talking B) will work
C) Did / talk D) Is / talking
2. I ---- you with the barbeque if you like.
3. Where ---- all the guests ---- ? A) will be helping
A) Will / be dancing B) Were / dancing B) will help
C) Do / dance D) Did / dance
3. David ---- at the club tonight. We should
4. What ---- the chairman ---- ? go and see him. He’s a great sax player.
A) Will / be drinking B) Does / drink A) will play
C) Will / drink D) Was / drinking B) will be playing

5. Who ---- the restaurant ---- free dinners 4. I ---- a little late tomorrow so I’ll probably
to? miss the start of the ceremony.
A) Was / giving B) Does / give A) will be
C) Will / be giving D) Will / give B) will be being

6. Where ---- my dog ---- tomorrow at 6pm? 5. There is a serious problem. I ---- at
A) Will / swim B) Is / swimming around 4.pm to discuss it.
C) Did / swim D) Will / be swimming A) will be calling
B) will call
7. Who ---- Andrea ---- the stories to?
A) Does / tell B) Was / telling 6. You ---- an answer to your proposals by
C) Will / be telling D) Did / tell tomorrow.
A) will receive
8. What ---- they ---- ? B) will be receiving
A) Will / be singing B) Do / sing
C) Are / singing D) Will / sing 7. The tourists ---- sight-seeing in the
country all next week.
9. Who ---- his new house? A) will go
A) Do / decorate B) Will / be decorating B) will be going
C) Did / decorate D) Will / decorate
8. They ---- here again at exactly 7 p.m.
10. Who ---- Luise and Amanda ---- scarves tomorrow.
for? A) will be
A) Do / knit B) Are / knitting B) will be being
C) Will / be knitting D) Will / knit
9. We ---- still ---- through the Red Sea when
you arrive at Cairo.
A) will sail
B) will be sailing

10. Where ---- you ---- this time next year?

A) will / be staying
B) will / stay

19
11. Your shoes ---- ready in fifteen minutes. present perfect [affirmative]
A) will be
B) will be being 1. Karen ---- me an e-mail.
A) have sent B) will sent
12. He ---- when you come this afternoon.
C) has sent D) is sending
A) will be sleeping
E) will be sending
B) will sleep
2. Dave and Pat ---- the museum.
13. It ---- still ---- when we leave.
A) are visiting B) visited
A) will rain
C) will visit D) have visited
B) will be raining
E) has visited

14. They ---- a meeting between 2 p.m. and 4 3. I ---- at the pet shop.
p.m. today.
A) was B) have been
A) will be attending
C) will be D) has been
B) will attend
E) am

15. The travellers ---- the desert this time 4. They ---- already ---- their rucksacks.
tomorrow.
A) has packed B) was packing
A) will cross
C) will be packing D) have packed
B) will be crossing
E) packed

16. You ---- your homework before you go 5. Marcus ---- an accident.
out tonight.
A) has B) has had
A) will finish
C) is having D) will have
B) will be finishing
E) will be having

17. Please leave the dishes. I ---- them 6. We ---- the shopping for our
tomorrow.
grandmother.
A) will be doing
A) has done B) was doing
B) will do
C) have done D) will do
E) will be doing
18. While you’re in the kitchen preparing
snacks, Jim and Jeff ---- the SuperBowl.
7. I ---- just ---- my bike.
A) will be watching
A) have cleaned B) will clean
B) will watch
C) am cleaning D) will be cleaning
E) clean
19. Next Saturday at this time, we …… on
the beach in Mexico.
8. Emily ---- her room.
A) will relax
A) paints B) will be painting
B) will be relaxing
C) has painted D) will paint
E) painted
20. He ---- to bed at 10 o’clock tonight.
A) will go
9. Lisa and Colin ---- to a concert.
B) will be going
A) are going B) have gone
C) was going D) will go
E) will be going

10. My friends ---- smoking.

A) give up B) has given up
C) gave up D) will give up
E) have given up

20
 present perfect [negative] present perfect [question]

1. The cat ---- onto the table. 1. ---- your brother ---- the shopping?
A) have not jumped B) did not jump A) Have / done B) Was / doing
C) has not jumped D) will not jump C) Will / be doing D) Has / done
E) will not be jumping E) Did / do

2. I ---- the castle. 2. ---- Julian ever ---- a spider?

A) have not visited B) was not visiting A) Has / touch B) Did / touch
C) will not visit D) do not visit C) Was / touching D) Will / touch
E) has not visited E) Will / be touching

3. We ---- out of the room. 3. ---- your father ever ---- on an elephant?
A) has not gone B) were not going A) Is / riding B) Has / ridden
C) have not gone D) will not go C) Will / ride D) Did / ride
E) will not be going E) Will / be riding

4. Fred ---- the money. 4. ---- Lee ---- his parents yet?
A) does not steal B) has not stolen A) Have / asked B) Was / asking
C) was not stealing D) will not be stealing C) Will / ask D) Has / asked
E) will not steal E) Will / be asking

5. They ---- Anne about it. 5. What ---- you ---- in your text?
A) will not tell B) are not telling A) Will / write B) Has / written
C) did not tell D) have not told C) Are / writing D) Did / write
E) has not told E) Have / written

6. Steven ---- through the park. 6. ---- Bill ---- off the radio?
A) have not walked B) will not walk A) Do / turn B) Has / turned
C) has not walked D) will not be walking C) Will / turn D) Was / turning
E) is not walking E) Have / turned

7. The teacher ---- to the party. 7. ---- you ever ---- in a helicopter?
A) did not come B) has not come A) Has / flown B) Were / flying
C) is not coming D) will not be coming C) Have / flown D) Did / fly
E) will not come E) Will / be flying

8. They ---- a Tablet PC so far. 8. Who ---- the window?

A) will not use B) do not use A) has broken B) will break
C) are not using D) will not be using C) did break D) do break
E) have not used E) will be breaking

9. My father ---- the car. It is still dirty. 9. ---- you ever ---- for your friends?
A) have not polished B) will not polish A) Do / cook B) Will / be cooking
C) was not polishing D) has not polished C) Have / cooked D) Were / cooking
E) will not be polishing E) Has / cooked

10. The children ---- the comics yet. 10. ---- John ---- here for five years?
A) will not be reading B) was not reading A) Did / live B) Will / live
C) have not read D) has not read C) Have / lived D) Has / lived
E) will not read E) Do / live

21
 Simple Past 11. How long ---- Jill? I know you see her
vs often.
Present Perfect A) has you known B) have you known
C) did you know
1. I ---- in London for three years. I love it
12. We ---- this room last week.
here.
A) has been B) was A) finished B) have finished
C) have been C) has finished

13. I ---- Julie for three years – we still meet

2. We ---- Julie last night.
once a month.
A) have seen B) saw
C) has seen A) has known B) knew
C) have known
3. When the boss walked into the room, we
14. I ---- hockey since I was a child – I’m
---- someone was going to get fired.
pretty good!
A) has known B) have known
C) knew A) played B) have played
C) has played
4. Lucy ---- her leg, so she can’t come
15. I’m sorry, John isn’t here now. He ---- to
skiing.
the shops.
A) have broken B) broke
C) has broken A) has gone B) went
C) have gone
5. He ---- that film last year.
16. Last night I ---- my keys – I had to call
A) saw B) has seen
my flatmate to let me in.
C) have seen
A) have lost B) lost
6. Julie ---- ! Come and say hello! C) has lost
A) arrived B) has arrived
17. Yesterday, I ---- to the library, the post
C) have arrived
office and the supermarket.
7. The children ---- a window in the school A) have gone B) has gone
last week. C) went
A) broke B) have broken
18. She ---- in London when she was a
C) has broken
child.
8. They ---- cold when they arrived home. A) lived B) has lived
A) have been B) were C) have lived
C) has been
19. Jack ---- his arm when he fell off a horse
in 2005.
9. I’ve known about the problem for
months, but I ---- a solution yet. A) broke B) has broken
A) have not found B) did not found C) have broken
C) has not found
20. I ---- three cups of coffee this morning.
A) have drunk B) drank
10. She ---- a teacher for ten years, and she
still enjoys it. C) has drunk
A) was B) have been
C) has been

22
 present perfect continuous [affirmative] present perfect continuous [negative]

1. I ---- this website since 1999. 1. Carl ---- to the teacher for the last ten
A) have run B) will run minutes.
C) have been running D) will be running A) have not been listening
E) has been running B) was not listening
C) has not been listening
2. My parents ---- for years. D) has not listened
A) has been smoking B) have smoked E) will not be listening
C) was smoking D) have been smoking
E) will smoke 2. The students ---- to learn the new words.
A) will not try
3. He ---- for his girlfriend since 6 o'clock. B) were not trying
A) have been waiting B) has waited C) has not been trying
C) is waiting D) will wait D) didn’t try
E) has been waiting E) have not been trying

4. We ---- in Greece since last August. 3. Kim ---- crossword puzzles.

A) has been living B) have been living A) have not been doing
C) will be living D) have lived B) will not be doing
E) were living C) has not done
D) has not been doing
5. Max and Paul ---- their bikes all day. E) was not doing
A) have ridden B) are riding
C) have been riding D) will be riding 4. I ---- in the last lesson.
E) has been riding A) has not been sleeping
B) will not sleep
6. Emily ---- on the computer for too long. C) have not been sleeping
A) has worked B) was working D) were not sleeping
C) have been working D) has been working E) have not slept
E) will work
5. The doctor ---- the patients.
7. They ---- the mountain. A) have not examined
A) has been climbing B) have climbed B) has not been examining
C) will be climbing D) will climb C) was not examining
E) have been climbing D) did not examine
E) have not been examining
8. It ---- since I came home.
A) have rained B) will be raining 6. They ---- out loud.
C) has been raining D) was raining A) have not laughed
E) have been raining B) did not laugh
C) have not been laughing
9. You ---- to music since 12:30. D) are not laughing
A) have listened B) have been listening E) were not laughing
C) has been listening D) are listening
E) will be listening 7. We ---- the whole evening.
A) have not been phoning
10. Frank ---- for the last 20 minutes. B) have not phoned
A) has been dreaming C) will not phone
B) have been dreaming C) will be dreaming D) were not phoning
D) has dreamed E) will dream E) are not phoning

23
8. My father ---- dinner. 5. ---- Robert ---- the room?
A) is not preparing A) Will / be painting
B) has not been preparing B) Have / been painting
C) will not be preparing C) Has / painted
D) was not preparing D) Was / painting
E) has not prepared E) Has / been painting

9. Zack ---- the whole evening. 6. ---- they ---- trees?

A) is not dancing A) Did / plant
B) has not danced B) Will / be planting
C) has not been dancing C) Have / been planting
D) was not dancing D) Will / plant
E) will not dance E) Have / planted

10. The children ---- on the floor. 7. ---- Henry ---- in the garage?
A) don’t sleep A) Will / be working
B) will not be sleeping B) Has / worked
C) have not slept C) Has / been working
D) were not sleeping D) Will / work
E) have not been sleeping E) Was / working

8. ---- they ---- in the lake?

A) Has / been swimming
present perfect continuous [question] B) Have / swum
C) Will / be swimming
D) Have / been swimming
1. ---- she ---- on the phone?
A) Will / be talking E) Were / swimming
B) Has / been talking
9. ---- they ---- around Asia?
C) Are / talking
A) Have / travelled
D) Has / talked
B) Have / been travelling
E) Have / been talking
C) Will / be travelling
2. ---- his brother ---- dinner? D) Has / been travelling
E) Will / travel
A) Has / cooked
B) Will / cook
10. ---- Lilly ---- a hard time at work?
C) Has / been cooking
D) Was / cooking A) Did / have
E) Have / been cooking B) Have / been having
C) Has / have
D) Will / have
3. ---- Jane and Mary ---- badminton?
E) Has / been having
A) Have / been playing
B) Did / play
C) Were / playing
D) Will / play
E) Have / played

4. ---- Sue ---- in the gym?

A) Will / exercise
B) Has / exercised
C) Is / exercising
D) Has / been exercising
E) Have / been exercising

24
 Present Perfect 11. I ---- in the garden all day and I need a
vs rest.
Present Perfect Continuous A) has been working B) have worked
C) have been working D) has worked
1. ---- you ---- your train ticket yet?
12. She ---- three cakes. They look
A) Has / bought B) Have / been buying
C) Have / bought D) Has / been buying delicious!
A) has been making B) has made
C) have been making D) have made
2. The kitchen is a complete mess! What ----
the children ---- ?
13. David feels great these days. He ---- up
A) Have / done B) Has / been doing
C) Has / done D) Have / been doing early lately.
A) have been getting B) have gotten
C) has been getting D) has gotten
3. Julie ---- to drive for six years!
A) has learned B) has been learning
14. We ---- always ---- rush hour traffic.
C) have learned D) have been learning
A) has hated B) have hated
4. Amanda ---- already ---- lunch, so she’ll C) have been hating D) has been hating
meet us later.
15. Recently, I ---- a lot. My exams are in a
A) have had B) have been having
few weeks.
C) has been having D) has had
A) has been studying B) has studied
5. How much coffee ---- she ---- this C) have studied D) have been studying
morning?
16. We ---- this book for months and
A) Has / drunk
months.
B) Has / been drinking
C) Have / drunk A) has been writing B) have been writing
D) Have / been drinking C) have written D) has written

17. I ---- to go back to university for a long

6. Simon ---- three books.
time.
A) have been writing B) has been writing
C) has written D) have written A) have been wanting B) has wanted
C) have wanted D) has been wanting
7. I ---- everything I needed to do today!
18. What’s that delicious smell? ---- you ----
Hurray!
?
A) has done B) have been doing
C) has been doing D) have done A) Has / been cooking
B) Have / cooked
C) Has / cooked
8. It ---- all summer, so the garden is dead.
D) Have / been cooking
A) has not rained
B) have not rained
C) have not been raining 19. I ---- seven films this week!
D) has not been raining A) have watched B) has watched
C) have been wanting D) has been wanting
9. I ---- your book. Here it is, thank you.
20. Those children ---- chocolate all day.
A) have been reading B) has read
C) have read D) has been reading That's why they feel sick!
A) have eaten B) have been eating
C) has eaten D) has been eating
10. She ---- how to get to my house.
A) has been forgetting B) has forgotten
C) have been forgetting D) has forgotten

25
 past perfect [affirmative] past perfect [negative]

1. She ---- in Sweden before she went to 1. The driver ---- at the traffic lights, so the
Norway. police car chased him.
A) has lived B) had lived A) has not stopped
C) has been living D) was living B) did not stop
C) had not stopped
2. After we ---- the cornflakes, Henry came D) has not been stopping
in.
A) have eaten B) had eaten 2. The budgie flew away because Jim ----
C) have been eating D) were eating the window.
A) has not been closing
3. Before Ken ran to Kerry's house, he ---- B) had not closed
him. C) was not closing
A) has been phoning B) phoned D) has not closed
C) had phoned D) has phoned
3. When we came home, Frank ---- the
4. After they ---- their rucksacks, they rode ceiling yet.
away on their bikes. A) has not painted
A) have packed B) have been packing B) has not been painting
C) will be packing D) had packed C) had not painted
D) will not paint
5. Gerry helped his grandma in the house
because his father ---- him so. 4. Eric ---- his friends, so he was alone on
A) has told B) had told Saturday evening.
C) has been talking D) was talking A) has not been inviting
B) had not invited
6. The cat hid under the chair because the C) has not invited
children ---- so loud. D) was not inviting
A) were B) have been
C) had been D) has been 5. I ---- Olivia for three years before I met
her in Spain.
7. Laura repaired her glasses because her A) have not seen
brother ---- them. B) have not been seeing
A) has broken B) broke C) will not be seeing
C) has been broking D) had broken D) had not seen

8. By the time the show began, all friends --- 6. Lisa ---- the book, so she didn't
- understand the film.
A) were arriving B) had arrived A) had not read
C) have been arriving D) have arrived B) has not been reading
C) did not read
9. He ---- only twice in his life before the D) has not read
accident.
A) has driven B) had driven 7. The Smiths ---- the new camera, so they
C) drove D) has been driving could spend the money on new furniture.
A) have not brought
10. Bonny no longer had her car. She ---- it. B) had not bought
A) has sold B) had sold C) were not bringing
C) has been selling D) will sell D) have not been bringing

26
8. I didn't find my keys because I ---- under 7. ---- Tim ---- the onions before he hurried
the bed. to the window?
A) have not looked A) Has / been cutting B) Had / cut
B) had not looked C) Was / cutting D) Has / cut
C) have not been looking
D) will not look 8. ---- you ---- here before?
A) Have / been surfing B) Did / surf
9. We ---- enough, so we lost the match. C) Had / surfed D) Have / surfed
A) have not been practising
B) will not be practising 9. ---- Peggy ---- to Lisa before she prepared
C) had not practised dinner?
D) have not practised A) Were / talking B) Has / been talking
C) Had / talked D) Has / talked
10. The thief could walk right into the house
because you ---- the door. 10. ---- you ever ---- London before you went
A) have not locked there in 2009?
B) had not locked A) Had / visited B) Were / visiting
C) have not been locking C) Have / visited D) Have / been visiting
D) were locking

past perfect [question]

Simple Past
1. ---- they ---- the instructions before they vs
switched on the mobile phone? Past Perfect
A) Have / been reading B) Had / read
C) Were / reading D) Have / read 1. After Fred ---- his holiday in Italy he ---- to
learn Italian.
2. ---- the girl ---- the new words before she A) had spent / wanted
texted her friend? B) spent / had wanted
A) Did / learn B) Has / learned C) spent / wanted
C) Were / learning D) Had / learned D) had spent / had wanted

3. ---- they ---- the office before they drove 2. Jill ---- Dad at work before she ---- for her
away? trip.
A) Have / been ringing B) Have / rung A) phoned / left
C) Had / rung D) Were / ringing B) had phoned / had left
C) had phoned / left
4. What ---- Lucy ---- before she turned on D) phoned / had left
the TV?
A) Had / done B) Did / do 3. Susan ---- on the radio after she ---- the
C) Has / been doing D) Has / done dishes.
A) had turned / had washed
5. ---- Walter ---- the software before he B) turned / had washed
switched off the computer? C) turned / washed
A) Has / been updating B) Did / update D) had turned / washed
C) Has / updated D) Had / updated
4. When she ---- the match ---- already ----
6. What ---- she ---- before she ran away? A) had arrived / had started
A) Was / finding B) Had / found B) arrived / started
C) Has / been finding D) Has / found C) had arrived / started
D) arrived / had started

27
5. After the man ---- home he ---- the cat. 13. William ---- ill last night because he ----
A) came / fed too many cakes.
B) had come / had fed A) had felt / had eaten
C) had come / fed B) felt / ate
D) came / had fed C) had felt / ate
D) felt / had eaten
6. Before he ---- a song he ---- the guitar.
A) sang / had played 14. I ---- my husband for three years when
B) had sung / had played we ---- married.
C) sang / played A) knew / got
D) had sung / played B) had known / got
C) knew / had gotten
7. She ---- a video after the children ---- to D) had known / had gotten
bed.
A) had watched / had gone 15. Julie ---- very pleased to see that John --
B) watched / went -- the kitchen.
C) watched / had gone A) had been / cleaned
D) had watched / went B) was / cleaned
C) was / had cleaned
8. After Eric ---- breakfast he ---- his friend. D) had been / had cleaned
A) made / phoned
B) had made / had phoned 16. It ---- all summer, so the grass ----
C) made / had phoned completely dead.
D) had made / phoned A) didn’t rain / was
B) hadn’t rained / had been
9. I ---- very tired because I ---- too much. C) didn’t rain / had been
A) was / studied D) hadn’t rained / was
B) had been / had studied
C) was / had studied 17. John ---- the piano when he ---- a child,
D) had been / studied but he doesn’t play now.
A) played / was
10. They ---- their bikes before they ---- their B) had played / was
friends. C) played / had been
A) rode / met D) had played / had been
B) had ridden / met
C) rode / had met 18. When we ---- at the station, the train ----
D) had ridden / had met already ----
A) had arrived / had left
11. When I got to the airport I ---- I ---- my B) arrived / had left
passport. C) had arrived / left
A) discovered / forgot D) arrived / left
B) had discovered / forgot
C) discovered / had forgotten 19. We ---- already ---- when John ---- home.
D) had discovered / had forgotten A) had eaten / had come
B) ate / came
12. I ---- the fridge to find someone ---- all C) had eaten / came
my chocolate. D) ate / had come
A) opened / had eaten
B) had opened / ate 20. After arriving home, I ---- I ---- any milk.
C) opened / ate A) had realized / didn’t buy
D) had opened / had eaten B) realized / didn’t buy
C) had realized / hadn’t bought
D) realized / hadn’t bought

28
 Present Perfect 11. I ---- my exams finally – I’m so happy!
vs A) had finished B) has finished
Past Perfect C) have finished

12. They said: 'You can't come in because

1. When I opened the refrigerator, I
you ---- your membership card.'
discovered that someone ---- the last piece
of cake. A) have forgotten B) has forgotten
A) has eaten B) had eaten C) had forgotten
C) have eaten
13. Before my trip to Paris two years ago, I -
--- to France.
2. She failed the test because she ----
A) hasn't studied B) haven’t studied A) have never been B) has never been
C) hadn't studied C) had never been

14. I never get up from the table before

3. By the end of the night, John ---- with
others ----
everyone at the party.
A) has talked B) have talked A) have finished B) has finished
C) had talked C) has finished

15. They wouldn't let him in because he ----

4. We ---- the new English teacher yet.
his membership card.
A) haven't met B) hadn't met
C) hasn’t met A) has forgotten B) had forgotten
C) have forgotten
5. ---- Brazilian food until my trip to Rio last
16. They ---- a lot of champagne by the time
month.
the party ended.
A) I have never had B) I had never had
C) I has never had A) have drunk B) has drunk
C) had drunk
6. They couldn't drive home because ----
17. When we finally stopped him, the
their keys in the car.
squirrel ---- five cookies.
A) they have locked B) they has locked
C) they had locked A) had already eaten B) has already eaten
C) have already eaten
7. Don't get the floor dirty - my mother ----
18. I ---- so many beautiful places since I
the house.
came to Utah.
A) has just cleaned B) had just cleaned
C) have just cleaned A) had visited B) have visited
C) has visited
8. You're working late again?! ---- overtime
19. By the time I got to the office, the
every day this week!
meeting ---- without me.
A) You has worked B) You have worked
C) You had worked A) has already begun B) have already
begun
C) had already begun
9. I had a great time on my date with Henry
last week, but he ---- me since.
20. Since I began acting, I ---- in two plays, a
A) hasn't called B) hadn't called
C) haven’t called television commercial and a TV drama.
A) has performed B) have performed
C) had performed
10. The locals were amazed because they --
-- a horse before.
A) have never seen B) has never seen
C) had never seen

29
 past perfect continuous [affirmative] 8. I ---- for ten minutes before I started
sunbathing.
1. She ---- only ---- English for years before A) had been swimming
B) was swimming
she got the job.
C) had swum
A) had studied
D) has been swimming
B) has been studying
C) had been studying
D) has been studying 9. Susan ---- various sports for a long time
so she was very fit.
A) has been doing
2. They ---- for over an hour before Tony
B) had done
arrived.
A) have been talking C) has done
B) had been talking D) had been doing
C) were talking
10. I felt dizzy because I ---- in the sun for
D) had talked
too long.
3. James ---- at the university for more than A) was sitting
a year before he left for Asia. B) had been sitting
C) had sit
A) had been teaching
D) have been sitting
B) has taught
C) has been teaching
D) had taught

4. The detectives ---- for the murderer for a

long time before they arrested him.
A) have been searching
B) had searched
C) were searching
D) had been searching

5. My father ---- for that company before it

finally went bankrupt.
A) had worked
B) had been working
C) has been working
D) has worked

6. John ---- to school before his father

bought him a bicycle.
A) has been walking
B) had walked
C) had been walking
D) was walking

7. Ann was exhausted because she ---- all

morning.
A) was exercising
B) had exercised
C) has been exercising
D) had been exercising

30
 past perfect continuous [negative] 8. I ---- for a long time, when it suddenly
began to rain.
1. They ---- the piano for long before they A) did not walk
B) had not been walking
were ready to perform.
C) have not walked
A) have not been practicing
D) have not been walking
B) had not practiced
C) did not practice
D) had not been practicing 9. I ---- English for two hours.
A) was not studying
B) had not studied
2. My friends ---- alcohol before they went
C) have not studied
to that club.
A) have not been drinking D) had not been studying
B) were not drinking
10. My mother ---- the meal when I phoned
C) had not been drinking
her.
D) had not drunk
A) has not been studying
3. The man ---- the walls all day long. B) had not studied
A) had not painted C) had not been studying
D) was not studying
B) had not been painting
C) has not been painting
D) did not paint

4. I ---- long when there was a knock at the

door.
A) had not been sleeping
B) had not slept
C) have not been sleeping
D) was not sleeping

5. He didn’t feel healthy, because he ---- to

the gym.
A) has not been going
B) had not gone
C) had not been going
D) has not gone

6. I caught a cold because I ---- properly.

A) was not eating
B) have not eaten
C) have not been eating
D) had not been eating

7. She looked tired, but she ----

A) had not studied
B) has not been studying
C) had not been studying
D) was not studying

31
 past perfect continuous [question] 8. ---- you ---- in that house when you
moved here last year?
1. ---- Mary ---- for John when you saw her? A) Have / been living
B) Had / lived
A) Had / waited
C) Had / been living
B) Has / been waiting
D) Did / live
C) Has / waited
D) Had / been waiting
9. ---- David ---- the books on the shelves
when the lights went off?
2. ---- they ---- dinner when they heard the
A) Had / put
explosion?
B) Has / been putting
A) Did / have
B) Had / been having C) Did / put
C) Have / been having D) Had / been putting
D) Had / had
10. ---- Peter ---- such kind of things before
or was that the first time?
3. ---- two drivers ---- when the police car
came? A) Had / been doing
A) Have / been fighting B) Had / done
C) Has / been doing
B) Had / fought
D) Did / do
C) Had / been fighting
D) Were / fighting

4. ---- you ---- an argument with your brother

when your father saw you?
A) Had / been having
B) Were / having
C) Have / been having
D) Had / had

5. ---- Edward ---- with the girl next door

when his mother called him?
A) Have / been playing
B) Had / played
C) Had / been playing
D) Did / play

6. ---- Gloria ---- the washing up when her

husband opened the door?
A) Was / doing
B) Has / been doing
C) Had / done
D) Had / been doing

7. ---- the teacher ---- the lessons for the

next day when you saw him?
A) Has / prepared
B) Had / been preparing
C) Had / prepared
D) Has / been preparing

32
 Past Perfect Continuous 11. He called me at eleven in the evening to
vs tell me that he ---- a solution.
Past Perfect A) had finally found
B) had finally been finding
1. I ---- to get tickets for that play for
12. Lucy ---- for a new car, so she was
months before my friend finally got them.
A) had tried delighted when she got one.
B) had been trying A) had been hoping
B) had hoped
2. When I arrived at the theatre, he ---- up
13. He ---- her two years before we met.
the tickets.
A) had already been picking A) had been marrying
B) had already picked B) had married

14. I ---- coffee all morning. In the end, I felt

3. He was really angry because he ---- for
really strange.
more than half an hour when I arrived.
A) had been waiting A) had drunk
B) had waited B) had been drinking

15. My sister ---- for hours when her friends

4. We ---- the play when the lights went off.
arrived.
A) had watched
B) had been watching A) had waited
B) had been waiting
5. It was more than a month before we
16. I ---- to travel that's why I was delighted
realized what ---- to him.
to go abroad with them.
A) had happened
B) had been happening A) had always wanted
B) had always been wanting
6. It was a relief to find the documents. I ----
17. By the time I came back from my
for them all afternoon.
business trip, a lot of things ----
A) had looked
B) had been looking A) had been changing
B) had changed
7. He was dismissed, even though, in his
opinion, he ---- anything wrong. 18. We ---- there since 1980, you know.
A) had been staying
A) had not done
B) had not been doing B) had stayed

19. I ---- in London before. How expensive

8. He was very upset because he ---- for
hotels are!
more than half an hour.
A) had never been staying
A) had waited
B) had been waiting B) had never stayed

20. I saw John yesterday, but ---- so he was

9. It was not the first time I'd met him. We ---
too tired to chat.
- many times before.
A) had run
A) had met
B) had been meeting B) had been running

10. The boss ---- to clients on Skype for

hours, so she wanted a break.
A) had talked
B) had been talking

33
 Past Perfect Continuous 10. Before Jim finally decided to go to
vs Thailand, he ---- about it for months.
Present Perfect Continuous A) had been thinking B) has been thinking
C) have been thinking
1. I ---- on my house all day before I sat
down to play my guitar. 11. Diane ---- at the hospital ever since her
A) have been working B) had been working husband died of cancer.
C) has been working A) have been volunteering
B) had been volunteering
2. Bonnie ---- vitamins ever since she got a C) has been volunteering
very bad flu.
12. Ross ---- long walks ever since he got a
A) has been taking B) have been taking
new dog.
C) had been taking
A) has been taking B) had been taking
C) have been taking
3. She ---- for a long time before she got out
of the pool. 13. After he ---- all day, he went home to
A) has been swimming study English on the internet.
B) had been swimming A) has been working B) had been working
C) have been swimming C) have been working

4. Ellen ---- ever since her doctor told her to 14. We ---- the internet as a means for
lose weight. communication for many years.
A) had been dieting B) has been dieting A) has been using B) had been using
C) have been dieting C) have been using

15. You ---- soccer but then your friend

5. We ---- with each other online before we
came by and you stopped.
stopped to take a break.
A) had been playing B) have been playing
A) have been communicating
C) has been playing
B) has been communicating
C) had been communicating 16. Alex ---- since he came home from his
business trip.
6. Mary’s parents ---- ever since they A) have been sleeping B) has been sleeping
received the bad news. C) had been sleeping
A) have been crying B) had been crying
C) has been crying 17. Clara ---- weight ever since she joined
an exercise class.
7. He ---- a good day until a thief came into A) had been losing B) have been losing
his apartment and took all his money. C) has been losing
A) has been having B) had been having
18. When they cancelled the flight to
C) have been having
Alicante, the storm ---- all afternoon with no
8. We ---- in the same apartment since we sign of abating.
were children. A) had been raging B) has been raging
C) have been raging
A) has been living B) had bene living
C) have been living 19. Dave ---- to work ever since his car
broke down.
9. When the doctor told him his liver was A) have been walking B) has been walking
seriously bad, he ---- hamburgers for a C) had been walking
month.
A) have been eating B) had been eating 20. The students ---- this exercise since
C) has been eating they came to class.
A) has been doing B) had been doing
C) have been doing

34
 Simple Past Continuous 11. She ---- at that company for three years
vs when it went out of business.
Past Perfect Continuous A) was working B) had been working
C) were working
1. Scarlett came into the room panting. She
---- round the park. 12. I ---- to my iPod, so I didn’t hear the fire
A) was jogging B) had been jogging alarm.
A) was listening B) were listening
C) were jogging
C) had been listening
2. I ---- a bath when I suddenly had a great
idea. 13. Mike wanted to sit down because he ----
A) was having B) had been having all day at work.
A) were standing B) was standing
C) were having
C) had been standing
3. He told me he ---- seriously ---- about
finding another job soon. 14. While John ---- last night, someone stole
A) were thinking B) had been thinking his car.
A) had been sleeping B) was sleeping
C) was thinking
C) were sleeping
4. It was obvious from her outrageous
behaviour that she ---- 15. James ---- at the university for more
A) was drinking B) had been drinking than a year before he left for Asia.
A) had been teaching B) was teaching
C) were drinking
C) were teaching
5. He ---- about finding a new job for about a
year before he finally got round to it. 16. What ---- you ---- when the earthquake
A) was thinking B) were thinking started?
A) had / been doing B) were / doing
C) had been thinking
C) was / doing
6. Scarlett wasn't in. She ---- around the
park. 17. He looked tired because he ---- all night.
A) was jogging B) had been jogging A) was working B) were working
C) had been working
C) were jogging

18. You ---- to me when I told you to turn the

7. I ---- a latte in the Café New York, when I
saw a famous actor walk past the window. oven off.
A) had been drinking B) were drinking A) were not listening B) was not listening
C) had not been listening
C) was drinking

19. They ---- for many years, but then they

8. They ---- for over an hour before Tony
arrived. retired.
A) were talking B) had been talking A) were working B) had been working
C) was working
C) was talking

20. The twins ---- in different cities before

9. When the phone rang, she ---- a letter.
A) was writing B) had been writing they discovered each other.
C) were writing A) were living B) was living
C) had been living
10. While we ---- the picnic, it started to rain.
A) was having B) had been having
C) were having

35
 future perfect [affirmative] future perfect [negative]

1. Anne ---- her bike next week. 1. It's still early so she ---- at work by now.
A) will be repairing B) will repair A) won’t have arrived B) won’t arrive
C) will have repaired D) has repaired C) hasn’t arrived D) won’t be arriving

2. We ---- the washing by 8 o'clock. 2. Bill ---- my letter by tomorrow.

A) will do B) have done A) won’t be receiving
C) will be doing D) will have done B) won’t have received
C) hasn’t received
3. She ---- Paris by the end of next year. D) won’t receive
A) will have visited B) will visit
C) has visited D) will be visiting 3. They ---- their tasks by noon.
A) won’t complete
4. Sam ---- by next week. B) haven’t completed
A) has left B) will be living C) won’t have completed
C) will have left D) will leave D) haven’t been completing

5. She ---- this with her mother tonight. 4. My friends ---- the party by the time I
A) will discuss B) will have discussed come.
C) has discussed D) will be discussing A) won’t begin B) haven’t begun
C) won’t be beginning D) won’t have begun
6. The police ---- the driver.
A) will arrest B) will be arresting 5. Kate ---- her French by next summer.
C) has arrested D) will have arrested A) hasn’t improved
B) won’t improve
7. They ---- their essay by tomorrow. C) hasn’t been improving
A) have written B) will write D) won’t have improved
C) will have written D) will be writing
6. I ---- the essay before the weekend.
8. Paolo ---- the teams. A) won’t have finished B) haven’t finished
A) will manage B) will have managed C) won’t be finishing D) won’t finish
C) has managed D) will be managing
7. Julia ---- the emails by next week.
9. By the end of the month Ken ---- with me A) won’t be sending B) hasn’t sent
for a year. C) won’t send D) won’t have sent
A) will work B) will be working
C) has worked D) will have worked 8. She ---- work by seven.
A) won’t finish
10. The president ---- by this time next year. B) hasn’t finished
A) has changed B) will have changed C) won’t have finished
C) will be changing D) will change D) hasn’t been finishing

9. John ---- the Office by tomorrow.

A) won’t clean B) won’t have cleaned
C) hasn’t cleaned D) won’t be cleaning

10. We're running behind schedule. We ----

the work by the deadline.
A) won’t have finished B) haven’t finished
C) won’t finish D) won’t be finishing

36
 future perfect [question] Future Perfect
vs
1. ---- you ---- enough money to study Simple Future
abroad next year?
A) Have / saved B) Will / have saved 1. Everyone is hungry. I ---- some
C) Have / been saving D) Will / save doughnuts for breakfast.
A) will get
2. ---- they ---- German by the end of the B) will have gotten
year?
A) Will / be learning B) Have / learned 2. I'm sure that your English ---- by the end
C) Will / have learned D) Had / learned of the school year.
A) will improve
3. ---- he ---- most of his exams by next B) will have improved
Thursday?
A) Will / take B) Has / taken 3. By 2100, the world’s population ---- to
C) Will / be taking D) Will / have taken around 30.000 million.
A) will have increased
4. ---- Mark ---- by the end of the year? B) will increase
A) Has / retired B) Will / have retired
C) Will / retire D) Had / retired 4. Peter, ---- you ---- the porch tomorrow?
A) will / fix
5. ---- you ---- in love with her for a year by B) will / have fixed
then?
A) Will / have been B) Will / be 5. Many women ---- this association by the
C) Have / been D) Had / been beginning of the next year.
A) will join
6. ---- George ---- his book by next winter? B) will have joined
A) Will / have written B) Will / write
C) Has / written D) Will / be writing 6. Life ---- more automated by then.
A) will become
7. ---- you ---- the list of people to be invited B) will have become
before I get back so that we can discuss it?
A) Will / complete 7. The house is dirty. I ---- it on Monday.
B) Will / have completed A) will clean
C) Have / completed B) will have cleaned
D) Had / completed
8. I hope it ---- raining before the match
8. ---- you ---- your English homework by starts.
the time your mother arrives? A) will have stopped
A) Have / finished B) Will / be finishing B) will stop
C) Will / have finished D) Will / finish
9. Becky, ---- you ---- to Alaska with us this
9. When ---- we ---- everything? summer?
A) will / do B) have / done A) will have gone
C) will / have done D) will / be doing B) will go

10. ---- she ---- home by lunchtime? 10. I am feeling homesick. I ---- home to
A) Will / get B) Will / have got visit my family.
C) Has / got D) Had / got A) will go
B) will have gone

37
11. She ---- better. There are positive signs. future perfect continuous [affirmative]
A) will have gotten
B) will get 1. I ---- the violin for two months by
tomorrow.
12. By next February I ---- my third book.
A) will be playing
A) will have written
B) will have played
B) will write C) will have been playing
D) have been playing
13. I hope you ---- my name by tomorrow.
A) will not forget
2. Mary ---- dinner for two hours by 3
B) will not have forgotten
o'clock.
A) has been cooking
14. We ---- the match. We are playing really B) will have been cooking
well.
C) has cooked
A) will win
D) will have cooked
B) will have won
3. By the end of the day, the boys ---- for ten
15. By the beginning of June, my father ---- hours.
to France.
A) will have been fishing
A) will return
B) have fished
B) will have returned
C) will have fished
D) have been fishing
16. Two new private radio stations ---- by
the end of the next month.
4. He ---- in a hotel for a month by the end
A) will have started
of September.
B) will start
A) has been staying
B) will have stayed
17. I ---- it back to you as soon as I get my C) will be staying
salary.
D) will have been staying
A) will have paid
B) will pay
5. By next summer Bill ---- in our band for
two years.
18. The school library ---- many interesting A) will have sung
books and magazines by the end of this
B) has been singing
month.
C) will have been singing
A) will have received
D) will sing
B) will receive
6. By next July Jessica ---- in that serial for
19. Why don’t you come with us? I am sure
a year.
you ---- the show.
A) will be acting
A) will have enjoyed
B) will have been acting
B) will enjoy C) has been acting
D) will have acted
20. I ---- the task by the time my colleague
returns.
7. Richard ---- his poem for three days by
A) will have accomplished
tomorrow.
B) will accomplish A) will have written
B) has written
C) will be writing
D) will have been writing

38
8. I ---- English for a year by the end of 5. I ---- sweets for two months by next
October. Sunday.
A) will be teaching A) won’t be eating
B) will have taught B) won’t have been eating
C) will have been teaching C) haven’t been eating
D) have been teaching D) haven’t eaten

9. By next Monday Helen ---- glasses for 6. We ---- , so we’ll have lots of energy.
two months. A) won’t have worked
A) will have worn B) won’t be working
B) has been wearing C) haven’t been working
C) will be wearing D) won’t have been working
D) will have been wearing
7. They ----, so they might want to go for a
10. My grandmother ---- stray cats for ten walk.
years by next year. A) won’t have been exercising
A) has been feeding B) won’t be exercising
B) will be feeding C) haven’t been exercising
C) will have fed D) won’t have exercised
D) will have been feeding
8. He ----, TV all afternoon.
future perfect continuous [negative] A) hasn’t been watching
B) won’t have watched
C) won’t have been watching
1. You ---- your clothes for a month by now!
D) hadn’t been watching
A) won’t be washing
B) won’t have been washing
C) haven’t been washing 9. I ---- , here for long when I change jobs.
D) won’t have washed A) won’t be working
B) won’t have been working
C) haven’t been working
2. I ---- any painkillers for six months by the
D) won’t have worked
end of July.
A) haven’t been taking
B) won’t be taking 10. You ----, about computers for long when
you start your new job.
C) won’t have been taking
A) won’t have learned
D) won’t have taken
B) haven’t been learning
3. Her cousin ---- her for three years by C) won’t have been learning
now. D) won’t be learning
A) won’t have been calling
B) won’t be calling
C) won’t have called
D) hasn’t been calling

4. My cat ---- milk for ten months by

November.
A) hasn’t been drinking
B) won’t have drunk
C) won’t have been drinking
D) hasn’t drunk

39
 future perfect continuous [question] 8. ---- she ---- long by the time we get there?
A) Will / have waited
1. ---- Nick ---- French for two years by next B) Had / been waiting
C) Will / have been waiting
semester?
D) Has / been waiting
A) Will / be learning
B) Will / have been learning
C) Have / been learning 9. ---- he ---- computer games for ten hours
D) Will / have learned when he finally stops?
A) Will / have played
B) Has / been playing
2. ---- your sister ---- my friend for a year by
C) Will / be playing
May?
A) Will / have dated D) Will / have been playing
B) Has / been dating
10. ---- you ---- when we meet?
C) Will / have been dating
A) Had / been working
D) Will / be dating
B) Will / have been working
3. ---- your dog ---- for an hour by now? C) Will / have worked
A) Will / have been barking D) Have / been working
B) Will / be barking
C) Has / been barking Future Perfect Continuous
D) Will / have barked vs
Future Perfect
4. How long ---- your mother ---- gold rings
by next year? 1. By the time I start my shift, Dr. Frazier ----
A) have / been collecting for 18 hours straight.
B) will / have collected A) will have worked
C) will / be collecting B) will have been working
D) will / have been collecting
2. Sheila ---- the scholarship by the time she
5. How long ---- she ---- children on her own starts school in September.
by next year? A) will have gotten
A) has / been rising B) will have been getting
B) will / have been rising
C) had / been rising 3. By this time next month, I hope they ----
D) will / have risen building the community center.
A) will have finished
6. How long ---- you ---- when you finally get B) will have been finishing
your exam results?
A) will / have been waiting 4. Professor Adams ---- at this university for
B) had / been waiting 25 years by the time he retires in June.
C) will / be waiting A) will have taught
D) have / been waiting B) will have been teaching

7. How long ---- she ---- to move house 5. By this time tomorrow night we ---- in
when she finally moves? Australia.
A) will / be planning A) will have arrived
B) will / have been planning B) will have been arriving
C) has / been planning
D) will / have planned 6. ---- he ---- the message by the time your
flight takes off?
A) Will / have been receiving
B) Will / have received

40
7. Dana ---- the night shift by the time you 16. I came to England six months ago. I
get up in the morning. started my economics course three months
A) won’t have finished ago. When I return to Australia, I ---- for
B) won’t have been finishing nine months.
A) will have been studying
8. The team ---- at the exhibition for five B) will have studied
hours by the time I arrive there.
A) will have worked 17. Margie just called and said she would
B) will have been working be here at 8 o'clock. By the time she gets
here, we ---- for her for two hours.
9. By the time we get on the plane, they ---- A) will have waited
already ---- the luggage. B) will have been waiting
A) will / have been loading
B) will / have loaded 18. Frank just changed jobs again. If he
keeps this up, he ---- jobs at least four or
10. By 2025, I hope researchers ---- a cure five times by the end of the year.
for cancer. A) will have been changing
A) will have found B) will have changed
B) will have been finding
19. Come over to my house around 9
11. By the time we get to Chicago this o'clock. By then, I ---- my history essay and
evening, we ---- more than four hundred we can go see a movie.
miles. We are going to be exhausted. A) will have completed
A) will have been driving B) will have been completing
B) will have driven
20. John will come back in summer. By
12. When Sarah goes on vacation next then he ---- in Cork for two years.
month, she ---- German for over two years. A) will have stayed
She should be able to communicate fairly B) will have been staying
well while she is in Austria.
A) will have been studying
B) will have studied

13. I have not traveled much yet; however, I

---- the Grand Canyon and San Francisco by
the time I leave the United States.
A) will have visited
B) will have been visiting

14. By the time you finish studying the verb

tense tutorial, you ---- all twelve tenses
including their passive forms.
A) will have been mastering
B) will have mastered

15. Drive faster! If you don't hurry up, she --

-- the baby by the time we get to the
hospital.
A) will have had
B) will have been having

41
 Future Perfect Continuous 11. Don't worry, mum, I promise I ---- good
vs care of the plants.
Simple Future A) will have been taking
B) will take
1. I haven’t seen him for a long time but I
12. In the future, people ---- in ecological
think I ---- him.
A) will recognize homes.
B) will have been recognizing A) will live
B) will have been living
2. By the end of June I ---- (livE) in this flat
13. Today after I get out of class, I ---- to a
for thirteen years.
A) will have been living movie with some friends.
B) will recognize A) will have been going
B) will go
3. Don’t play with those matches; you ----
14. By the end of this month we ---- together
yourself.
A) will have been burning for six years.
B) will burn A) will live
B) will have been living
4. Look out! You ---- yourself with that knife.
15. When you arrive in Stockholm, call my
A) will have been hurting
B) will hurt friend Gustav. He ---- you around the city
and help you get situated.
A) will show
5. He ---- the police as soon as he gets
B) will have been showing
home.
A) will call
B) will have been calling 16. By the end of the week I ---- here for four
months.
A) will have been working
6. By the time we get home they ---- (play)
B) will work
football for half an hour.
A) will play
B) will have been playing 17. She ---- a language course in Malta next
week.
A) will do
7. He ---- breakfast tomorrow morning.
B) will have been doing
A) will not have been preparing
B) will prepare
18. By next week, we ---- for over a month.
8. I ---- English for ten years by the end of A) will renovate
B) will have been renovating
this year.
A) will have been learning
19. By midnight, you ---- for 4 hours.
B) will learn
A) will have been dancing
9. By the end of the term she ---- for nine B) will dance
years.
20. Tomorrow it ---- in the north-west.
A) will study
A) will have been raining
B) will have been studying
B) will rain
10. By midnight we ---- this computer game
for 48 hours.
A) will have been playing
B) will play

42
 Mixed Tense Questions 8. ---- my calculator? I can't find it
anywhere.
1. Don't call me until about 7.30. I ---- my A) Did you see
B) Have you seen
homework until then.
C) You seen
A) will not be finishing
D) Did you seen
B) won't have finished
C) won't finish
D) will not have been finishing 9. The lesson ---- 20 minutes earlier today.
The teachers have to go to a meeting.
A) finishes
2. She offered me an apple, but I wasn't
B) is going to finish
hungry as I ---- lunch.
A) just ate C) will finish
B) had just eaten D) is finishing
C) just eaten
10. I ---- tennis three times already this
D) was just eating
week and it's still only Wednesday.
3. At this time tomorrow I ---- on the beach A) play
in Florida. B) played
C) was playing
A) lie
D) have played
B) will be lying
C) will lie
D) will have been lying 11. Does Miko know about the party next
week? - I'm not sure. I ---- her when I see
her.
4. I ---- for a few minutes when a noise
A) am asking
outside the window woke me up.
B) will ask
A) was only sleeping
B) only slept C) ask
C) had only slept D) am going to ask
D) had only been sleeping
12. What ---- for breakfast?
A) do you usually have
5. I ---- for more than an hour before she
finally arrived. B) are you usually having
A) waited C) have you usually
D) do usually you have
B) was waiting
C) had been waiting
13. My brother ---- very hard at the moment,
D) had waited
because some of his colleagues are off
6. I was so relieved when I found my keys. I sick.
A) works
---- for them all morning.
B) work
A) looked
C) is working
B) had looked
C) had been looking D) working
D) was looking
14. A: What ---- ? B: She's an architect.
A) is your sister doing
7. She asked me if I wanted to go to the
B) does your sister do
cinema, but I ---- in the garden the whole
day and all I wanted to do was go to bed. C) does your sister
A) was working D) is your sister do
B) had been working
C) worked
D) had worked

43
15. This time tomorrow you ---- sitting in a 22. By Christmas, all of the students in our
deck chair on the beach. class ---- to their countries.
A) are A) will return
B) were B) will have returned
C) will C) will be returning
D) will be D) will have been returning

16. After the storm ---- finished, many 23. This is Javi's last week at the school so
people were found lying in the street. ---- Goodbye to all his new friends for the
A) has last three days.
B) had A) he says
C) were B) he said
D) did C) he's said
D) he's been saying
17. This time tomorrow some of the people
in this room ---- to their home countries. 24. I'm sorry I can't come to your party
A) will travel tomorrow night. ---- dinner with Cristina and
B) will have been travelling Samara. Maybe I can come along
C) will be travelling afterwards.
D) will have travelled A) I will have
B) I'm having
18. Augusto couldn't open the classroom C) I have
door because one of the other students ---- D) I will have had
it from the inside.
A) locked 25. So far, during her time at International
B) was locking House Bristol, Tchior ---- to six pancake
C) has locked parties and fifteen barbecues.
D) had locked A) came
B) comes
19. Every day, even when it's raining C) has come
heavily, Henry ---- for an early morning run D) has been coming
before eating breakfast.
A) was going 26. At six o'clock this morning most of us
B) is going were asleep in bed. But Atheer ---- for
C) goes today's grammar.
D) will go A) studied
B) studies
20. At the moment, ---- an exercise in order C) was studying
to review the English verb tenses that I D) has studied
have learned.
A) I do 27. This is the second to last question in
B) I was doing this set of questions. In two minutes' time
C) I'm doing you ---- and then you will find out your
D) I've done score.
A) will finish
21. Before people landed on the Moon in B) will have finished
1969, some people ---- that the moon was C) will be finishing
made of cheese. D) will have been finishing
A) believed
B) were believing
C) have believed
D) had been believing

44
28. When Elisabetta ---- for her morning 35. The train ---- in until after midnight. I
lesson, the teacher was collecting the hope we will be able to find a hotel.
homework from the other students. A) is not getting
A) arrived B) will not get
B) was arriving C) does not get
C) had arrived D) is not going to get
D) had been arriving
36. I think I ---- a new calculator. This one
29. Jun-Sik ---- his teeth before breakfast does not work properly any more.
every morning. A) needs
A) clean B) needed
B) is cleaning C) am needing
C) will clean D) need
D) cleans
37. I ---- to the theatre many times when I
30. I ---- my foot playing tennis last week, lived in London.
and now I can hardly walk. A) have went
A) have injured B) went
B) injured C) was going
C) injure D) have gone
D) was injuring
38. My grandfather died 10 years before I
31. I ---- for a few minutes when a noise was born, so I ---- him.
outside the window woke me up. A) does not meet
A) was only sleeping B) was not meeting
B) had only slept C) did not meet
C) only slept D) have not met
D) had only been sleeping
39. I was so relieved when I found my keys.
32. My grandparents live in the USA so I ---- I ---- for them all morning.
to New York many times. A) was looking
A) am flying B) had been looking
B) flew C) looked
C) have flown D) have looked
D) flies
40. My father ---- me to school this week
33. John was stopped by the police on the because we had an accident and our car is
way home. He ---- too fast. being repaired.
A) drove A) don't drive
B) was driving B) isn't driving
C) had driven C) doesn't drive
D) had been driving D) hadn't driven

34. I bought a new computer last week, but 41. Last week, our teacher ---- us a difficult
it ---- so I took it back to the shop. spelling test. I hope we don't have another
A) don't work one this week.
B) worked not A) gave
C) hasn't worked B) has given
D) didn't work C) was giving
D) had given

45
42. Rashed ---- to drive a car when he was 49. Please be very quiet. Mary ---- We don't
only twelve years old. want her to wake up.
A) learns A) sleeps
B) learnt B) slept
C) is learning C) was sleeping
D) has learnt D) is sleeping

43. This morning the weather is good. The 50. I don't want to go to the cinema with
sun ---- and it is quite warm. you to see Harry Potter 6. I ---- this film
A) shines twice already on the Internet.
B) shone A) see
C) is shining B) am seeing
D) has shone C) have seen
D) was seeing
44. Our teacher, Charlie ---- France three
times but he doesn't speak French very 51. When we arrived in London it was
well. sunny but all the streets were wet so it ----
A) visited raining.
B) has visited A) probably
C) is visiting B) probably was
D) visits C) had probably been
D) probably have been
45. At nine o'clock in every English lesson,
our teacher ---- us about an interesting part 52. First we ---- to the supermarket to buy
of English culture. the food and then we went to the off license
A) tell to buy the beer for the party.
B) tells A) went
C) has told B) were going
D) is telling C) have gone
D) had gone
46. This morning, Mohamed ---- at seven
o'clock because he used two different 53. When we ---- for six hours we were very
alarm clocks. tired and we decided to stop for a rest.
A) wakes up A) were walking
B) has woken up B) had walked
C) is waking up C) had walking
D) woke up D) walked

47. Every year, the people of Bristol ---- a 54. When I arrived at the party, dinner had
harbour festival in the centre of the city. already started and everybody ---- .
A) hold A) ate
B) have held B) was eating
C) held C) is eating
D) are holding D) has eaten

48. Thomas can't play football with us next 55. When all the guests ---- home after the
week because he ---- his leg. party we discovered that somebody had
A) breaks broken the toilet seat.
B) broke A) went
C) has broken B) have been going
D) is breaking C) have gone
D) had gone

46
56. While I ---- along the street yesterday 63. You ---- a beautiful cake. It tastes
morning, I met somebody who I had been at delicious.
school with twenty years ago. A) had been making
A) walked B) have made
B) was walking C) were making
C) had walked D) had made
D) had been walking
64. This house is often empty because the
57. When I looked in the cupboard I saw owners ---- abroad 5 times a year.
that I ---- any more coffee because I had A) are going
drunk it all. B) go
A) didn't have C) went
B) wasn't having D) were going
C) hadn't had
D) hadn't been having 65. Ask her to come and see me when she -
--- her work.
58. When Dilea arrived for her morning A) finish
class, the classroom was empty because all B) will finish
the students ---- in the computer room. C) has finished
A) worked D) finished
B) had worked
C) were working 66. "What are you doing?" "I ---- to find my
D) had been working watch."
A) try
59. At ten to nine on Friday morning, I was B) am trying
running as fast as possible to school C) tried
because my alarm clock ---- off. D) have tried
A) didn't go
B) wasn't going 67. While I ---- to the assistant, the manager
C) hadn't been going found my receipt.
D) hadn't gone A) was complaining
B) complained
60. Last night, the children were very C) have complained
scared. I think one of them ---- a ghost. D) have been complaining
A) saw
B) had seen 68. Look! Two boys ----
C) was seeing A) are fighting
D) have seen B) fight
C) is fighting
61. When Samuel returned to Switzerland D) fought
he was very fit. During his time in England
he ---- ten miles every day. 69. John ---- this film 2 months ago.
A) walked A) has seen
B) was walking B) have seen
C) had walked C) saw
D) had been walking D) was seeing

62. When I went to Australia, I ---- a 70. What a beautiful geranium! Who ---- it
kangaroo before. there?
A) didn't ever see A) put
B) wasn't seeing B) has put
C) had never seen C) has been putting
D) hadn't been seeing D) had put

47
71. I don't remember what ---- last night at 78. Tomorrow morning, I think, Ali ---- to his
two a.m. embassy in London.
A) I was doing A) will going
B) I have been doing B) goes
C) I am doing C) is going to go
D) I have done D) has gone

72. What was he doing when you ---- sight 79. Right now I ---- in front of a computer,
of him? trying to do an exercise about tenses.
A) were catching A) sit
B) caught B) sat
C) have caught C) was sitting
D) had caught D) am sitting

73. A few years ago you never ---- a woman 80. Last night at seven o'clock Jiang ----
standing in a bus. dinner with her family.
A) had seen A) had
B) see B) has had
C) have seen C) was having
D) saw D) is having

74. The first time you ---- London was in 81. In my life, up to now, I ---- a UFO twice in
1963, wasn't it? two different places.
A) visited A) saw
B) was visiting B) have seen
C) have visited C) see
D) visit D) was seeing

75. Who ---- Hamlet? 82. Every weekend Emrah ---- to a Bristol
A) has been writing nightclub with his friends.
B) wrote A) goes
C) has written B) has gone
D) had written C) is going
D) go
76. ---- eat delicious food at the party
yesterday? 83. This afternoon we ---- a pancake party in
A) Did you the school basement at five o'clock.
B) Have you A) have
C) Are you B) are having
D) Were you C) have had
D) will have
77. When I went in, he ---- a TV programme
so intently that he didn't hear me. 84. Obedan ---- Abdul for three months
A) watched since he joined the class.
B) was watching A) knew
C) had watched B) knows
D) has been watching C) has known
D) was knowing

48
85. Last Friday in class we ---- a short test 92. Today, my teacher ---- a blue shirt and
and then we played a game. dark blue trousers.
A) had A) wear
B) were having B) wears
C) have had C) has worn
D) are having D) is wearing

86. I don't think we ---- more snow this year 93. I can't go to the cinema this evening
because the weather is getting warmer. because I ---- a lot of homework to do.
A) have A) have
B) are having B) had
C) have had C) has had
D) will have D) am having

87. Most mornings Belen ---- at the school a 94. It is very noisy outside the school
few minutes before the class starts. today. I think somebody ---- down trees in
A) arrives the next door garden.
B) arrived A) cut
C) is arriving B) cuts
D) was arriving C) was cutting
D) is cutting
88. I didn't have time to do my homework
last night but I ---- time to watch the TV. 95. Do you want to come out with me this
A) am having evening? I ---- to an Indian restaurant with
B) had some other students.
C) have had A) go
D) have B) goes
C) am going
89. This morning I ---- three cups of coffee. D) have been going
That's why I am completely awake and not
sleepy. 96. My father usually goes to bed after
A) have midnight but this week he ---- to bed early
B) have had because of his job.
C) had A) go
D) am having B) goes
C) was going
90. Every Friday, our teacher ---- us a test to D) is going
see how much we have learnt.
A) give 97. ---- this TV programme? Or would you
B) gives like me to change the channel?
C) is giving A) Are you enjoy
D) has given B) Are you enjoying
C) Do you enjoy
91. Every time I ---- to England, it is rainy D) Do you enjoying
and cold.
A) go 98. I ---- difficult tests. Please can we have
B) goes an easy test this week?
C) have gone A) don't like
D) am going B) was not liking
C) am not liking
D) didn't like

49
99. This lesson, Edna ---- next to Bo Bae 106. Mr. Jones is planning to retire. He ----
and Rashed is next to Juan. at Bow Valley College for a long time.
A) sit A) work
B) sits B) has worked
C) was sitting C) had worked
D) is sitting D) works

100. Most days of the week, ---- your lunch 107. It is my wife's birthday tonight and I ----
in the students' room? a romantic dinner.
A) eat you A) am making
B) do you eat B) make
C) have you eaten C) makes
D) are you eating D) was making

101. I bought my holiday tickets yesterday. I 108. Next week when there ---- a Chinook,
---- to Turkey this August for two weeks. the temperature will be warmer.
A) flying A) has been
B) was flying B) is
C) am flying C) will be
D) flies D) will have been

102. I can't join you for lunch. I ---- for an 109. While I ---- TV last night, I did my
important phone call. homework.
A) wait A) watch
B) will wait B) watched
C) am waiting C) was watching
D) have waited D) am watching

103. Harrison Ford is a famous actor. He ---- 110. I've been in this city for a long time. I --
in many popular movies. -- here sixteen years ago.
A) has been appearing A) have come
B) had appeared B) was coming
C) has appeared C) came
D) appeared D) had come

104. I ---- about you when I received your 111. The bus was late. The passengers
email. were angry because they ---- for half an
A) was just thinking hour.
B) just thought A) are waiting
C) have just been thinking B) were waiting
D) was just thought C) have been waiting
D) had been waiting
105. What ---- about the new anti-smoking
by law? 112. The soccer team ---- a championship
A) are you thinking until last year, when they won first place.
B) do you think A) has never won
C) have you thought B) is never winning
D) have you been thinking C) had never been winning
D) had never won

50
113. Chen ---- English for three years. 121. By the time you finish this exercise,
A) will be studying you ---- twelve questions.
B) has study A) are doing
C) will have been studying B) are going to do
D) has been studying C) will be doing
D) will have done
114. We have a cottage at Sylvan Lake. It ---
- in the family for thirty years. 122. He plans to move house next month so
A) was in two months' time he ---- in a new house.
B) has been A) lives
C) is B) is living
D) will be C) will be living
D) will have lived
115. The vegetables should be ready, they -
--- for at least twenty minutes. 123. I'm sorry, I can't come to the restaurant
A) are boiling with you tomorrow night. I ---- some friends
B) boiling from work for a drink.
C) have been boiling A) meet
D) were boiling B) am meeting
C) will meet
116. I am not busy on Friday . I ---- you D) will have met
move.
A) help 124. This Christmas, I ---- a few days with
B) will help my brother's family, like I usually do.
C) has helped A) spend
D) am helping B) have been spending
C) will be spending
117. To make soil, gardeners usually ---- D) will have spent
their compost pile each day.
A) turn 125. Look at those two men shouting at
B) are turning each other. I think they ---- fighting in a
C) have turned moment.
D) turned A) start
B) are starting
118. You look tired. You ---- too hard lately. C) will be starting
A) worked D) are going to start
B) work
C) were working 126. I'm going to the school tomorrow.
D) have been working When I ---- your teacher, I'll tell her why you
are absent.
119. Marcia ---- at school for two weeks. A) see
A) hasn't been B) am seeing
B) hadn't been C) will see
C) isn't D) will be seeing
D) wasn't
127. This weekend some of the students in
120. When I grow up I ---- a doctor. I've our class ---- to Oxford. They bought their
always wanted to be a doctor – that's why tickets on the Internet.
science is my favourite subject. A) will go
A) am B) go
B) am going to be C) are going
C) will be D) will have gone
D) will have been

51
128. Fifty years from now, everyone will be 135. Peter plays a lot of tennis but he used
using bicycles. The world ---- out of oil and to play more than he ----
everyone will be much healthier. A) had done
A) runs B) does
B) is going to run C) did
C) is running D) has done
D) will have run
136. I ---- a cold since last Thursday.
129. As you listen, write your answers in A) have
the question paper. You ---- time at the end B) had
of the test to transfer your answers to the C) have been having
answer sheet. D) have had
A) are having
B) will have 137. How long ---- since you quit smoking?
C) will be having A) it has been
D) will have had B) had it been
C) it is
130. This time next week, most of us ---- in D) has it been
exactly the same seats, doing another test
like this one. 138. Laws ---- in society for a long time.
A) sit A) existed
B) are sitting B) are existing
C) are going to sit C) exist
D) will be sitting D) have existed

131. I didn't hand in my report because I ---- 139. Some people ---- on bus to get them to
it yet. work.
A) didn't finish A) is depend
B) hadn't finished B) depending
C) don't finish C) has depend
D) haven't finished D) depend

132. I ---- at the new cafeteria and it was 140. I don't feel well. I ---- home from work
excellent. tomorrow.
A) have eaten A) staying
B) was eating B) stay
C) had eaten C) will stay
D) have been eating D) stayed

133. My apartment is too expensive. ---- to 141. I feel tired. I ---- up late last night.
find a cheaper one. A) am staying
A) I want B) stay
B) I have wanted C) will have stayed
C) I wanted D) stayed
D) I'm wanting
142. Steve was upset. He ---- his wallet, and
134. ---- to conversation class tonight? could not find it.
A) Are you go A) has lost
B) Did you go B) had lost
C) Have you gone C) was losing
D) Are you going D) was lost

52
143. Robert ---- the piano for two years. 150. Listen! Someone ---- the piano. Do you
A) will be studying hear it? – Yes.
B) has study A) plays
C) will have been studying B) is playing
D) has been studying C) has played
D) has been playing
144. I like my Honda Civic . It ---- reliable for
ten years. 151. What is Linda doing? – She ---- dinner.
A) was A) cooks
B) has been B) is cooking
C) is C) has cooked
D) will be D) has been cooking

145. How often does Peter go to the 152. She can't go to the movies. She ---- her
swimming pool? – He ---- to the swimming homework yet.
pool every day. He likes swimming. A) doesn't do
A) goes B) isn't doing
B) is going C) hasn't done
C) has gone D) hasn't been doing
D) has been going
153. Tanya ---- France several times.
146. When is the best time to call you? – I A) visits
usually ---- till nine in the evening. Call me B) is visiting
around ten, if you can. C) has visited
A) work D) has been visiting
B) am working
C) have worked 154. We ---- this report for four hours. I'm
D) have been working tired. Let's have a break.
A) write
147. Let's ask Anna to make apple pie for B) are writing
dessert. She ---- great apple pies. C) have written
A) makes D) have been writing
B) is making
C) has made 155. Who ---- food in your family when your
D) has been making Mom is away?
A) cooks
148. Please be quiet. My children ---- now. B) is cooking
A) sleeping C) has been cooking
B) are sleeping D) cooked
C) have slept
D) have been sleeping 156. Where is John? – He ---- his car in the
garage.
149. The sun ---- in the east. A) repairs
A) rises B) is repairing
B) is rising C) has repaired
C) has risen D) repaired
D) has been rising
157. I love this film. I ---- it four or five times
already.
A) see
B) have seen
C) had seen
D) am seeing

53
158. Have you visited any European 165. I can't leave now. I ---- for an important
countries? – Yes. I ---- Spain and Italy two telephone call.
years ago. A) wait
A) visited B) am waiting
B) have visited C) had been waiting
C) had visited D) was waiting
D) had been visiting
166. What does she do? – She ---- the piano
159. She ---- the living room when she in a local orchestra.
heard a strange noise in the kitchen. A) plays
A) has cleaned B) played
B) has been cleaning C) has played
C) was cleaning D) is playing
D) is cleaning
167. He must be very hungry. He ----
160. I envy you. At five tomorrow you ---- anything in three days.
some tan on the beach at the seaside. A) didn't eat
A) will get B) hasn't eaten
B) will be getting C) hadn't eaten
C) will have gotten D) wasn't eating
D) will have been getting
168. First he ---- as a salesman, then as a
161. You arrived two days ago. You are night clerk, and after that he quit his job
going to leave next Sunday. By the time and became a writer.
you leave, you ---- nine days here. A) worked
A) spend B) has worked
B) have spent C) had worked
C) are spending D) had been working
D) will have spent
169. I usually ---- to work by bus. It takes me
162. Where is he? I ---- for him since three about forty minutes to get to work by bus.
o'clock! A) go
A) am waiting B) am going
B) have been waiting C) have gone
C) was waiting D) have been going
D) had been waiting
170. Yesterday my daughter flew in an
163. I went to Belgium last month. I ---- airplane for the first time in her life. She ----
there before. It's a beautiful country. in an airplane before.
A) have never been A) has never flown
B) had never been B) never flies
C) never was C) was never flying
D) never been D) had never flown

164. He said that his mother would be very 171. Are you going to Lena's party? – No. I -
upset when she ---- that he had lost his job. --- home tonight. I'm a little tired.
A) learns A) stay
B) learned B) am staying
C) had learned C) stayed
D) has learned D) have stayed

54
172. She probably ---- her keys while she 180. Look! She ---- from a large whisky-
was walking in the park. bottle.
A) lost A) are drinking
B) has lost B) drinks
C) had lost C) is drinking
D) was losing D) will drink

173. Will the rain ever stop? It ---- all day. 181. He ---- mineral water every day.
A) had been raining A) drinks
B) has been raining B) drink
C) is raining C) is drinking
D) was raining D) will drink

174. I ---- writing my report in an hour or so. 182. Leif Ericson ---- Vinland while he ----
Then we can go to a movie. towards the west.
A) finish A) discovered / sailed
B) finished B) discovered / was sailing
C) have finished C) has discovered / was sailing
D) will finish D) has discovered / were sailing
E) was discovering / sailed
175. I ---- doing this exercise.
A) am finishing 183. We ---- my aunt next week on Friday. It
B) has just finished will be her birthday.
C) have just finished A) are visiting
D) just finished B) have visited
C) is visiting
176. I ---- positive reviews about that film in D) visited
the papers so I am going to see it.
A) will read 184. The weather forecast says the sun ----
B) read tomorrow.
C) have read A) is shining
D) has read B) will shine
C) is going to shine
177. Which books ---- to school yesterday? D) shines
A) did you take
B) do you take 185. She ---- in this house for years.
C) have you taken A) has been living
D) take you B) is living
C) lived
178. After he ---- painting, he ---- a shower. D) lives
A) finished / had
B) had finished / had had 186. Hi Jane, you ---- sad! What's up?
C) had finished / had A) will look
D) has finished / had B) are looking
C) looks
179. He was late. When he ---- at the airport, D) look
the plane ----
A) arrived / had already left 187. I ---- dinner when suddenly I heard a
B) had arrived / left strange noise.
C) had arrived / had left A) will cook
D) left / had arrived B) was cooking
C) cooked
D) cook

55
188. In the summer, we ---- and go 195. She ---- six days a week.
swimming everyday. A) usually works
A) sunbathed B) works usually
B) sunbathe C) is usually works
C) sunbathes D) is working usually
D) are sunbathing
196. Yesterday I ---- to see my
189. The house is in a terrible mess. We've grandparents.
got workmen in. The plumber ---- a new A) go
bath and shower. B) have gone
A) puts C) had gone
B) put D) went
C) is putting in
D) putty 197. I ---- all the requirements for the job
already.
190. I ---- Luis for a long time now. A) am meeting
A) didn't see B) meet
B) see C) have met
C) haven't seen D) will meet
D) saw
198. Diane ---- very sick, but she decided to
191. Dad, Ana ---- an ice cream. go out anyway.
A) went A) was feeling
B) wants B) has been feeling
C) is wanting C) has felt
D) want D) is feeling

192. I was listening to music when 199. When it ---- hot tomorrow, the fans will
somebody ---- at the door. turn on automatically.
A) knocked A) is going to get
B) had knocked B) will get
C) was knocking C) gets
D) is knocking D) has been getting

193. Two people are sitting outside in the 200. He occasionally ---- a headache in the
garden."We hope you ---- this marvellous morning.
weather as much as we are." A) was having
A) enjoyed B) has
B) enjoy C) have
C) are enjoying D) is having
D) enjoyed

194. Ronnie, I ---- you in a long time. How

have you been?
A) was seen
B) saw
C) haven't seen
D) hadn't seen

56
 SIMPLE MODALS [active]

modal time mood TR

may do pre/fut

may not do pre/fut

might do pre/fut

might not do pre/fut

can do pre/fut

can’t do pre/fut

could do pre/fut

couldn’t do pre/fut

could do past

couldn’t do past

must do pre/fut

mustn’t do pre/fut

should do pre/fut

shouldn’t do pre/fut

ought to do pre/fut

oughtn’t to do pre/fut

will do future

won’t do future

would do past

wouldn’t do past

would do pre/fut

wouldn’t do pre/fut

57
 PERFECT MODALS

modals time mood TR

may have done past

may not have done past

might have done past

might not have done past

could have done past

couldn’t have done past

can’t have done past

must have done past

mustn’t have done past

should have done past

shouldn’t have done past

ought to have done past

oughtn’t to have done past

will have done future

won’t have done future

would have done past

wouldn’t have done past

58
 OTHER MODALS [active]

modals time mood TR

used to do past

didn’t use to do past

be used to doing depends

be not used to doing depends

had better do present

had better not do present

be going to do depends

be not going to do depends

be supposed to do depends

be not supposed to do depends

be able to do depends

be unable to do depends

have to do present

don’t / doesn’t have to do present

had to do past

didn’t have to do past

will have to do future

won’t have to do future

need to do present

don’t / doesn’t need to do present

needed to do past

didn’t need to do past

will need to do future

won’t need to do future

would like to do present

wouldn’t like to do present

59
 MODAL TEST – 1 8. In order to log on to the Internet, Sally --
-- her user I.D.
1. ---- you swim when you were 10?
A) must enter
B) has got to entering
A) can
C) have to enter
B) could
C) must
9. Try calling him in the evening. He ----
home by eight.
2. We have a lot of work tomorrow. You ---
- be late.
A) has to be
B) should be
A) couldn’t
C) had to be
B) mustn’t
C) may not
10. James ---- speak Japanese when he
lived in Japan, but he’s forgotten most
3. Keiko always does really well on
of it now.
exams. She ---- study a lot.

A) could
A) must
B) may
B) can
C) must
C) has to
11. When a police officer asks to see your
4. He’s amazing, he ---- speak 5 languages
driver's license, you ---- to him/her.
including Chinese.

A) have got show it

A) have to
B) have got to show it
B) need to
C) must to show it
C) can
12. I need to see him as soon as possible. -
5. The big boss will be at the meeting. You
--- come back soon?
---- be late.

A) should he
A) don't have to
B) must he
B) mustn’t
C) will he
C) couldn’t

13. Lucy ---- make it to our meeting after all.

6. Her new boyfriend is absolutely
She’s stuck in traffic at the moment.
gorgeous. He ---- be a model.

A) shouldn’t
A) might
B) can’t
B) ought to
C) wouldn’t
C) is able to
14. You ---- say sorry to your teacher for
7. I searched for your house for ages,
being late. It's only polite.
luckily I ---- find it in the end.

A) should
A) might
B) need
B) was able to
C) needn't
C) ought to

60
15. He definitely knows how to fix my bike. 22. My brother ---- drive a car. He does not
He ---- how to fix it. have his license.

A) must know A) couldn't

B) has to know B) might not
C) is able to know C) can't

16. When the car broke down I was really 23. My mother isn't feeling well, so I told
pleased because I ---- solve the her that she ---- to the doctor.
problem.
A) ought to go
A) can B) ought go
B) might C) ought
C) was able to
24. The food is really good at that
17. Clare and Simon ---- bring their car. restaurant. They ---- a great chef.
There's plenty of room for them in ours.
A) must have
A) need B) have to have
B) should C) are able to have
C) needn't
25. ---- you hear the music? It is very quiet.
18. I don't know if I will go to see a movie
tonight. I ---- to see one. A) Can
B) Will be able to
A) might go C) Should
B) should go
C) must go 26. If there's anything you ---- let me know.

19. I ---- open this window. I think it’s stuck! A) needn't

B) need
A) can’t C) should
B) mustn’t
C) wasn’t able to 27. It ---- cloudy tomorrow if the wind stops
blowing.
20. I need help, doctor. My baby doesn't
sleep well. What ----. A) may be
B) should be
A) should I do C) has to be
B) I should do
C) had I better do 28. This book is very small. I ---- read the
words on the page.
21. Maybe I will have dinner late tonight. I --
-- dinner late. A) can't
B) couldn't
A) might have C) wasn't able to
B) must have
C) should have 29. Remember you ---- to take a torch and a
tin-opener when you go camping.

A) should
B) needn't
C) need

61
30. I was just wondering whether you ---- be 37. The music teacher ---- play the piano
able to help me. very well. She plays every class.

A) have to A) can
B) might B) should
C) should C) might

31. ---- you hear the music right now? 38. Tom is wearing a Vancouver Canucks
T-shirt. He ---- a Canucks fan.
A) Can
B) Could A) must be
C) May B) has to be
C) is able to be
32. He's been training hard all winter; he ----
be ready for the tournament. 39. When I was a child, I ---- run faster than
I can run now.
A) should
B) ought to A) can
C) need B) could
C) might
33. I don't know why Stephanie isn't eating
with us. She ---- hungry. 40. It’s raining and I don’t want to get wet. I
---- to bring an umbrella.
A) might not be
B) couldn't be A) had better
C) don’t have to be B) ought
C) should
34. The singer ---- dance very well.
41. You just ate three hamburgers, an order
A) can of large fries and dessert. You ---- still
B) has to be hungry.
C) must
A) don’t have to
35. Our car's gas tank is almost empty. We B) can’t
---- fill it up with gas soon or we will run C) may not
out of gas!
42. George is absent from class today. He -
A) can --- be sick.
B) had better
C) may A) can
B) is able to
36. George ordered a large hamburger with C) could
everything on it except mustard. He ----
like mustard. 43. ---- I take off my shoes in this house?

A) may not A) ought I

B) can’t B) should I
C) shouldn’t C) do I should

62
44. He ---- be French, judging by his accent. 48. I'm sorry. I ---- hear you. Please speak
more loudly.
A) could
B) has to A) cannot
C) was able to B) needn’t
C) shouldn’t
45. She ---- understand Korean very well,
but she ---- speak it perfectly. 49. You ---- get a visa if you want to visit
China.
A) is able to / is able to
B) is able to / cannot A) might
C) be able to / cannot B) have to
C) could
46. I ---- think the renovation will cost about
$10 000. 50. He ---- be from the USA. He doesn't
speak English.
A) should
B) might A) can't
C) need B) mustn’t
C) shouldn’t
47. Nobody's answering. They ---- be out.

A) will be able to
B) must
C) had to

63
 MODAL TEST – 2 7. She’s 7 years old but she ---- read yet –
her parents are getting her extra
lessons.
1. We ---- get to the meeting on time
yesterday because the train was
A) can’t
delayed by one hour.
B) needn’t
C) shouldn’t
A) couldn’t
B) can’t
8. If you have a pet dog, you ---- feed it
C) mustn’t
every day or it will die!
2. The museum is free. You ---- pay to get
A) have got
in.
B) have got to
C) has got to
A) mustn’t
B) don’t have to
9. You ---- our report tomorrow.
C) can’t

A) must receive
3. Harry doesn't answer the phone. He ----
B) are able to receive
be in the movies.
C) had to
A) has to
10. I ---- understand the chapter we had to
B) will be able to
read for homework. It was so difficult.
C) might
A) might not
4. I ---- drive a car until I was 34, then I
B) couldn’t
moved to the countryside so I had to
C) am not able to
learn.
11. You ---- come with us if you don´t want
A) mustn’t
to.
B) couldn’t
C) may not
A) haven’t to
B) don’t have to
5. Those passengers will ---- show their
C) must
flight coupons before boarding the
plane.
12. He worked all day. He ---- tired.
A) may
A) must be
B) can
B) ought to be
C) have to
C) has to be
6. It's 10:00 a.m. He ---- in the office now.
13. John ---- play tennis really well. He’s
champion of his club.
A) must be
B) had to be
A) can
C) will be able to
B) may
C) should

64
14. Families ---- spend more time talking, 21. Why is that man looking around like
instead of just watching the telly. that? He ---- lost.

A) need A) must be
B) needn't B) is able to be
C) should C) had to be

15. They are not sure if they will come. 22. I didn't have much time last night, so I --
They ---- to class tomorrow. -- finish my homework.

A) ought to come A) may not

B) have to come B) can't
C) might come C) couldn't

16. Julian ---- play excellent golf when he 23. It's raining and I don't want to get my
was only ten. dress wet. I ---- an umbrella.

A) could A) had better to bring

B) might B) had better bring
C) can C) had better not bring

17. You ---- to answer all the questions; 24. It is impossible, you ---- run that
otherwise the application form will not distance!
be accepted.
A) can not
A) should B) may not
B) ought to C) must not
C) need
25. He ---- come to class yesterday because
18. Everyone is wearing a thick jacket. It ---- he had a doctor's appointment.
cold outside.
A) might not
A) must be B) can't
B) ought to be C) couldn't
C) has to be
26. You ---- bother washing up. I'll do it in
19. Gill ---- play the piano. She’s never the morning.
studied it.
A) needn't
A) don’t have to B) should
B) can’t C) need
C) mustn’t
27. Look at the camera he has got! He ---- a
20. I'm going to visit your country. Where -- professional reporter.
-- if I want to go shopping?
A) may be
A) do I have to go B) has to be
B) must I go C) is able to be
C) should I go

65
28. 8 years ago, I ---- play the piano. 35. You ---- not be late or you’ll lose your
job.
A) can
B) could A) can
C) will be able to B) had better
C) might
29. You ---- go and see Granny. You know
how happy it makes her. 36. Sam is usually very friendly, but he
hasn't smiled at all today. He ----
A) should worried about something.
B) needn't
C) need A) might be
B) ought to be
30. Students ---- only borrow four books at C) has to be
a time.
37. The film is going to start soon, we ----
A) may go or we’ll miss it.
B) will be able to
C) are able to A) might
B) should
31. ---- go to the party tomorrow? C) had to

A) Can you 38. Alex wanted to get the promotion very

B) Could you much, but he didn't. He ----
C) Will you be able to disappointed.

32. My teacher told me that I ---- review my A) has to be

notes every day. I guess it's a good idea B) must be
to look at them after class. C) is able to be

A) ought to 39. After my classes, I ---- speak English

B) am able to very well.
C) could
A) have to
33. You went to bed at 9:30 last night and B) must
got up at 11:00 this morning. You ---- C) will be able to
still be tired.
40. If Richard wants to become a
A) must professional musician, he ---- every day.
B) can't
C) might A) has to practise
B) may practise
34. I ---- vote in the election next year. C) can practise

A) could 41. It ---- be true about a sauropod dinosaur

B) was able to living in Lake Telé in the Congo. It's
C) will be able to impossible.

A) can't
B) may not
C) should not

66
42. Sara ---- Italian food and she ---- French 47. The exam ---- be easy. You never know.
food too!
A) might
A) can cook / is able to cook B) has to
B) can cooks / can cooks C) must
C) can cooking / can cooking
48. I wanted to talk to Jim yesterday, but I --
43. I’m going to a party tonight. What ---- I -- find him.
wear? A dress or pants?
A) couldn't
A) should B) might not
B) must C) can’t
C) might
49. You ---- have your glasses mended. I
44. You ---- be right but I'm going to check order you to do so!
anyway.
A) must
A) can B) can
B) have to C) might
C) ought to
50. He ---- pass the exam if he studied
45. The students ---- understand the harder.
instructions for the test yesterday, so
many of them failed. A) will be able to
B) would be able to
A) couldn't C) can
B) mustn’t
C) can’t

46. They didn't ---- to write anything down;

they were given a summary.

A) should
B) must
C) need

67
 MODAL TEST - 3 8. Children ---- lies. It’s very naughty.

A) may not have told

1. He ---- at the party on time, even after
B) mustn’t tell
missing the train, so he was very
C) doesn’t have to tell
pleased.

9. I read the book three times but I ---- it.

A) was able to arrive
B) could have arrived
A) mustn’t have understood
C) might have arrived
B) don’t have to understand
C) couldn’t understand
2. You ---- have mentioned her weight. She
was very upset.
10. According to the law, drivers ---- at stop
signs.
A) might not
B) shouldn't
A) must to stop
C) wouldn't
B) must stop
C) must stopping
3. When Lizzie got home yesterday, there
were flowers on the table. Her husband
11. Let's watch the film about meteorites on
---- them.
Channel 6. It ---- interesting.

A) may bought
A) must have been
B) must have bought
B) should be
C) might bought
C) could be
4. That DVD ---- more that 15€; it's an old
12. You ---- have spent so much money on
movie!
CDs. You'll have problems getting to
the end of the month now.
A) can’t cost
B) shouldn’t have cost
A) might
C) mustn’t cost
B) should
C) shouldn't
5. I looked everywhere for my glasses but
I ---- them anywhere.
13. She told me she ---- have emailed you if
you had given her your address.
A) couldn’t find
B) needn’t find
A) might email
C) can’t have found
B) should have emailed
C) would have emailed
6. You ---- a lot before you gave your
speech. It was really great.
14. In 3 years I ---- drive.
A) must have practiced
A) can
B) ought to practice
B) could
C) will practice
C) will be able to
7. They live in a very big house. They ----
15. I ---- this box – it’s too heavy! Would
rich.
you help me?
A) must be
A) can’t lift
B) must have been
B) can’t have lifted
C) have to be
C) wasn’t able to lift

68
16. You ---- pay now. You can pay me next 24. You ---- come to the pub on Saturday.
week. We had a great time.

A) needn't A) might
B) need B) should have
C) should C) would have

17. The lights are out. They ---- to sleep. 25. Dave loves chocolate, but he ---- too
much or he will get fat.
A) might have gone
B) should have gone A) shouldn't eat
B) should eat
18. She is not at home. She ---- at work. C) should have eaten

A) might be 26. Cheese and biscuits ---- to be kept in

B) must have been tupperware containers; otherwise the
C) has to be cheese goes hard and the biscuits go
soft.
19. Unfortunately, I really ---- sing at all! No-
one in my family is musical either. A) need
B) should
A) can’t C) needn't
B) may not
C) shouldn’t 27. She might be at home, or she ---- at the
D) can go office.

20. We ---- Dave to the party if we had A) might be

known he was in town. B) might have been
C) should have been
A) might invite
B) should invite 28. The airline only allows two pieces of
C) would have invited luggage. You ---- pack too much or you
will have to take it out at the airport!
21. She ---- go to church if she doesn't want
to. It's not obligatory. A) had better not
B) had not better
A) needn't C) better not
B) should
C) need 29. I left my bicycle in front of the library
and it's disappeared. Someone ----
22. Unfortunately I ---- my keys last night. stolen it.
A) couldn’t find
B) mustn’t have found A) must have stolen
C) mustn’t find B) might have stolen
C) can't have stolen
23. My grandmother ---- use a computer
until last month. Since then, she’s been 30. This ---- the right answer but we'll have
taking lessons at the library. to check with your teacher to make
sure.
A) might not
B) shouldn’t A) can be
C) couldn’t B) could have been
C) should be

69
31. That woman ---- a doctor! She looks far 39. You ---- shouted at him. He'll never
too young. forgive you.

A) may not have been A) might have shouted

B) don’t need to be B) shouldn't have shouted
C) can’t be C) can't shout

32. She has to work tomorrow, so she ---- 40. He ---- bought a new car. He doesn't
come to the party. have any money.

A) couldn't A) might have bought

B) won't be able to B) must buy
C) wasn't able to C) can't have bought

33. The teacher ---- see the books right 41. Bob usually drives his car to work, but
now. today he got on the bus. Something ----
wrong with his car.
A) can't
B) couldn't A) should have been
C) wasn’t able to B) must be
C) could have been
34. He ---- late tonight, we'll wait for him.
42. Do you think Carol ---- save her money
A) could have arrived or spend it? She is planning to go to
B) should arrive Europe this summer.
C) may arrive
A) might
35. Claire was very upset you didn't go to B) should
her birthday party. You ----. C) have to

A) might have gone 43. I had to wait 45 minutes for a bus

B) should have gone yesterday. There ---- an accident or
C) would go maybe a strike.

36. You ---- to overtake him if you want to A) must be

win the race. B) might have been
C) can't have been
A) must try
B) could have tried 44. You just ate five large slices of pizza,
C) may have tried two pieces of chocolate cake and some
ice cream. You ---- still be hungry.
37. My boss ---- meet with us tomorrow. He
will be away all day. A) can't
B) mustn’t
A) isn’t able to C) ought not to be
B) wasn't able to
C) won't be able to 45. He ---- it was your birthday. Otherwise,
I'm sure he would have wished you a
38. She ---- finish the homework last night. happy day.

A) needn’t A) must have known

B) couldn't B) couldn’t know
C) shouldn’t C) can't have known

70
46. I ---- you. Could you please speak 53. Doctor, I need help! My baby cries all
louder? the time! What ----?

A) can't have heard A) must I do

B) can’t B) may I do
C) couldn’t have heard C) should I do

47. When Vera was young, she ---- type 54. I wonder why Mary and Fred are late.
quickly. She took a typing class and They ---- how to get here.
now she ---- type very quickly!
A) may have not known
A) could not / can to B) shouldn’t have known
B) can / could C) might not know
C) could not / can
55. Peter ---- swim when he was a child, but
now he ----. In fact, he swims every day!
48. Glen's wife is Japanese. There is a
picture of a Japanese woman on his
A) couldn't / can't
desk. That ---- his wife.
B) could / can't
C) couldn't / can
A) might have been
B) could have been
56. When you play tennis, you ---- watch
C) must be
the ball.

49. Andrew did no revision for the exam

A) should have watched
but he's passed. I think he ---- cheated.
B) could have watched
C) should watch
A) can't cheat
B) must have cheated 57. David loves fast food, but he ---- too
C) shouldn't have cheated much or he will get fat.

50. You ---- to fix the roof yourself. You A) should not eat
might have fallen off and been badly B) may not eat
injured. C) don’t have to eat

A) can't have tried 58. He ---- since his car was stolen.
B) must try
C) shouldn't have tried A) has had to walk
B) can walk
51. My doctor feels that I ---- more because C) should have walked
I'm out of shape and want to lose
weight. I think he's right. 59. She ---- have changed her mind. I'm not
sure.
A) could have exercised
B) had to exercise A) might
C) ought to exercise B) should
C) would
52. Clara was very upset with you
yesterday. You ---- for saying she was 60. Tom's teacher says that he ---- play the
lazy. violin pretty well in half a year.

A) should have apologised A) will be able to

B) must have apologised B) has to
C) can't have apologised C) should

71
61. They ---- away for the weekend but I'm 68. There's no heating on now. You ----
not sure. freezing.

A) can be A) must be
B) may have been B) must have been
C) could have been C) could have been

69. You ---- go to the shop. I've already

62. I watched a great movie last night, I
bought the milk.
think you ---- see it, too.
A) need
A) have to
B) should
B) had better
C) needn't
C) should
70. If you want to pass all your exams, you
63. He ---- by now. It's only a 20 minute ---- to make a good study plan.
journey.
A) need
A) can't have arrived B) should
B) shouldn't arrive C) needn't
C) must have arrived
71. John has forgotten about the meeting.
64. New drivers ---- a test in order to get a We ---- him about it yesterday.
driver's license. They have no choice.
A) must remind
A) must take B) should have reminded
B) could have taken C) may remind
C) must have taken
72. The boss is in a terrible mood. The
meeting ---- good.
65. Sarah ---- been so happy when she
found out she was being promoted.
A) can't have been
B) must have been
A) must have been
C) will be
B) can't have been
C) would have been
73. She ---- really hard. She passed all her
exams with excellent grades.
66. She ---- things from shops. She's rich
and famous. A) must have studied
B) should have studied
A) couldn’t have stolen C) might study
B) can't steal
C) may not have stolen 74. I'm sorry but Samantha isn't here. She --
-- already left the office.
67. We ---- to the party. We're going to a
wedding. A) should have
B) must have
A) mustn’t have gone C) can't have
B) couldn't go
75. The concert was fantastic. You really ---
C) won't be able to go
- come.

A) can't have
B) must
C) should have

72
 SIMPLE TENSES [passive]
simple simple simple
past present future
am V3
was V3
is V3 will be V3
were V3
affirmative are V3
yaptı yapar yapacak

am not V3
wasn’t V3
isn’t V3 won’t be V3
weren’t V3
negative aren’t V3

yapılmadı yapılmaz yapılmayacak

am studied
was studied
is studied will be studied
were studied
are studied

çalışıldı çalışılır çalışılacak

am not studied
wasn’t studied
isn’t studied won’t be studied
weren’t studied
aren’t studied

çalışılmadı çalışılmaz çalışılmayacak

example
am washed
was washed
is washed will be washed
were washed
are washed

yıkandı yıkanır yıkanacak

am not washed
wasn’t washed
isn’t washed won’t be washed
weren’t washed
aren’t washed

yıkanmadı yıkanmaz yıkanmayacak

73
 SIMPLE CONTINUOUS TENSES [passive]
simple simple simple
past present future
continuous continuous continuous
am being V3
was being V3
is being V3
were being V3
affirmative are being V3
yapılıyordu yapılıyor

am not being V3
wasn’t being V3
isn’t being V3
weren’t being V3
negative aren’t being V3

yapılmıyordu yapılmıyor

am being studied
was being studied
is being studied
were being studied
are being studied
passive
çalışılıyordu çalışılıyor halde
kullanımı
am not being studied
wasn’t being studied yoktur
isn’t being studied
weren’t being studied
aren’t being studied

çalışılmıyordu çalışılmıyor
example
am washed
was being washed
is washed
were being washed
are washed

yıkanıyordu yıkanıyor

am not being washed

wasn’t being washed
isn’t being washed
weren’t being washed
aren’t being washed

yıkanmıyordu yıkanmaz

74
 PERFECT TENSES [passive]
past present future
perfect perfect perfect
have been V3
had been V3 will have been V3
affirmative
has been V3
yapılmış durumdaydı yapılmış durumda yapılmış durumda olacak

haven’t been V3
hadn’t been V3 won’t have been V3
hasn’t been V3
negative
yapılmamış yapılmamış durumda
yapılmamış durumda
durumdaydı olacak

have been studied

had been studied will have been studied
has been studied

çalışılmış durumdaydı çalışılmış durumda çalışılmış durumda olacak

haven’t been studied

hadn’t been studied won’t have been studied
hasn’t been studied

çalışılmamış durumdaydı çalışılmamış durumda çalışılmamış durumda olacak

example
have been washed
had been washed will have been washed
has been washed

yıkanmış durumdaydı yıkanmış durumda yıkanmış durumda olacak

haven’t been washed

hadn’t been washed won’t have been washed
hasn’t been washed

yıkanmamış durumdaydı yıkanmamış durumda yıkanmamış durumda olacak

PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES [passive]

past present future
perfect perfect perfect
continuous continuous continuous

passive halde kullanımları yoktur

75
Instruction: write “active” or “passive”

1. The blue car is sold. (_________)

2. On Fridays, the team hits balls all afternoon. (_________)

3. In summer, more ice-cream is eaten than in winter. (_________)

4. He sells cars. (_________)

5. She calls her grandparents every Friday. (_________)

6. The letters are typed. (_________)

7. He takes his medicine every day. (_________)

8. Mel's cat often scratches the furniture in the living room. (_________)

9. Jane is not taken to school by her father. (_________)

10. We go to school by bus. (_________)

11. She does not work for a bank. (_________)

12. Milk is kept in the refrigerator. (_________)

13. They visited their granny. (_________)

14. We were visited by our teacher. (_________)

15. My friend Paul was born in Dallas. (_________)

16. She went to school in Boston. (_________)

17. Antony grew up in the country. (_________)

18. The new shopping centre was built last year. (_________)

19. With a microscope, a person can see the cells in a piece of hair. (_________)

20. The film was not produced in Hollywood. (_________)

21. Barbara knew James very well. (_________)

22. The jewels were not hidden in the cellar. (_________)

23. We did not spend all day on the beach. (_________)

24. The car has been stolen. (_________)

25. I have baked a cake. (_________)

26. We must put an end to this quarrel. (_________)

27. You shouldn’t make fun of the poor. (_________)

28. The situation is serious. Something must be done before it’s too late. (_________)

29. Patricia might be chosen to represent our school in Junior Parliament . (_________)

76
30. Many animal species could be saved if humans weren't so selfish. (_________)

31. You ought to clean the desk. (_________)

32. They could have kicked her out of the restaurant. (_________)

33. The injured man couldn’t walk and had to be carried. (_________)

34. The lessons should be reviewed before the test. (_________)

35. You can obtain further information from the nearest post office. (_________)

36. This building must be restored or it’ll collapse. (_________)

37. You should wear winter clothes to visit the state of Michigan in December because the weather is

so cold. (_________)

38. Employees must be paid on the last day of the month. (_________)

39. New galaxies will be found by new scientific instruments. (_________)

40. You must not drive faster than 70 miles per hour on the highway in Michigan. It's the law.

(_________)

41. Obesity can be cured, but diets mustn’t be disrespected. (_________)

42. They can’t repair our car. (_________)

43. You may not see cars on Mackinac Island in Michigan. (_________)

44. Sugary food shouldn’t be eaten by very young children. (_________)

45. The keys must have been left behind. (_________)

46. This morning the burglar was arrested by the police. (_________)

47. The national anthem is being sung by Jason this time. (_________)

48. The author has written a special edition for children. (_________)

49. The gardener has planted some trees. (_________)

50. Doctor Brown will give you some advice. (_________)

51. Before Columbus got to America, potatoes weren’t grown in Europe. (_________)(_________)

52. Last year, more than £3 billion were spent in Indian restaurants in England. (_________)

53. Smoking isn’t allowed in public facilities. (_________)

54. Bananas were only brought to the British markets in the 20th century. (_________)

55. Is fast food sold in Portuguese schools? (_________)

56. Tomatoes were once thought to be poisonous by the Italians. (_________)

57. Nowadays, children are taught to eat healthily at school. (_________)

77
58. Many years ago, fried fish was made popular in the UK by the Portuguese. (_________)

59. In the USA, obesity is considered a serious health problem. (_________)

60. We should have informed the police. (_________)

61. His enjoyment was envied by everyone. (_________)

62. Selena has bought a catfish to help keep the tank clean. (_________)

63. Nicole will babysit your pet iguana for a reasonable fee. (_________)

64. John must remember his wife's birthday this year. (_________)

65. A lie had been told to me by him. (_________)

66. They are offering you another chance. (_________)

67. The waiter brought us the menu card. (_________)

68. A message has been sent to her by the office. (_________)

69. I have taught the class the first lesson. (_________)

70. The fire was put out by the fire-brigade. (_________)

71. A factory will be set up by the government. (_________)

72. This lesson may not be accepted by him. (_________)

73. They might have studied their lessons. (_________)

74. A message was sent to him by the government. (_________)

75. We have produced skis here since 1964. (_________)

76. The announcements have been made by the doctors over the loudspeakers. (_________)

77. He was forced to steal the money out of his dad’s room. (_________)

78. The book was written by an unknown author. (_________)

79. She was stung by a jellyfish while she was swimming. (_________)

80. She showed her relatives the new house. (_________)

81. The woman’s teeth are being cleaned by the dentist. (_________)

82. The guide will show us the Natural History Museum in the afternoon. (_________)

83. The criminals were locked up by the police. (_________)

84. Acupuncture was discovered by the Chinese thousands of years ago. (_________)

85. The delegation will meet the visitors at the airport. (_________)

86. Preparations had been finished by the time the guests arrived. (_________)

87. His parents were called to the office by the headmaster. (_________)

78
88. Many people begin new projects in January. (_________)

89. The final game will be seen by millions of fans tomorrow. (_________)

90. The computers are being used right now by the students. (_________)

91. Someone reads the newspaper to him every day. (_________)

92. The publishers are reading the book. (_________)

93. The window pane has been broken by the dog. (_________)

94. The food is going to be prepared by mum. (_________)

95. The double bacon cheeseburger was being devoured by Frank. (_________)

96. The city disposes of waste materials in a variety of ways. (_________)

97. A great deal of meaning is conveyed by a few well-chosen words. (_________)

98. The grandmother was telling her grandchildren an interesting story. (_________)

99. We are looking at the game. (_________)

100. The rules must be obeyed by everybody. (_________)

Instruction: write the active or passive form of the following sentences

1. The reports were handed in by the students.

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. A movie is going to be watched by us tonight.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. Did the police officer catch the thief?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. Kerrie has paid the bill.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. Millions of people will visit the museum.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

6. Will the company employ a new worker?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
7. Henry Ford invented the assembly line.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
8. The librarian read the book to the students.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

79
9. We ought to have called the police at once after the accident.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
10. The president was elected by the people.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
11. A safety video will be watched by the staff every year.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
12. The traffic might have delayed Jimmy.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
13. The boy must have broken the windows.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
14. Instructions will be given to you by the director.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
15. Venice is facing environmental disaster.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
16. Nitrogen oxide causes smog and acid rain.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
17. The whole suburb was destroyed by the forest fire.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
18. The students’ questions are always answered by the teacher.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
19. Every night the office is vacuumed and dusted by the cleaning crew.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
20. The research produced promising results.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
21. Lots of houses were destroyed by the earthquake in 1906.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
22. Fourteen soldiers were given awards by the commanding officer.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
23. The savannah is roamed by beautiful giraffes.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
24. The long journey exhausted the children.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
25. Fertilizers prevent the loss of minerals.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

80
26. The search will be stopped because of the storm.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
27. Money was generously donated to the homeless shelter by Larry.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
28. Liz gave me a lot of support.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
29. Right now, Sam is writing the letter.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
30. In due time everyone will be told about the program by the director.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
31. All the reservations will be made by the wedding planner.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
32. John repaired the car.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
33. The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
34. Many tourists have visited that tower.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
35. George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
36. Sally is going to make a beautiful cake tonight.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
37. The treaty is being signed by the two kings.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
38. At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going to be washing the dishes.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
39. Jerry used to pay the bills.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
40. He will have completed the project before The flat tire was changed by Sue.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
41. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
42. Sugar cane is raised by some people in Hawaii.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

81
43. One type of air pollution is caused by hydrocarbons.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
44. The Grand Canyon is viewed by thousands of tourists every year.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
45. The metal beams were eventually corroded by the saltwater.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
46. The mountains were covered with snow.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
47. Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years before he moved
to Paris.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
48. The house was remodelled by the homeowners to help it sell.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
49. The victory will be celebrated by the team tomorrow.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
50. The old lady was bitten by the dog.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

82
 GERUND & INFINITIVE LIST

GERUND INFINITIVE

active passive active passive

simple Ving being V3 to V1 to be V3

continuous N/A N/A to be Ving N/A

perfect having V3 having been V3 to have V3 to have been V3

perfect
having been Ving N/A to have been Ving N/A
continuous

1. Dan enjoys ---- science fiction. 6. You've never mentioned ---- in Japan
before. How long did you live there?
A) reading
B) to read A) live
C) read B) living
C) to live
2. Cheryl suggested ---- a movie after
work. 7. If he keeps ---- to work late, he's going
to get fired!
A) to see
B) seeing A) to come
C) see B) come
C) coming
3. Where did you learn ---- Spanish? Was
it in Spain or in Latin America? 8. Debbie plans ---- abroad next year.

A) to speak A) to study
B) speaking B) studying
C) speak C) study

4. Do you mind ---- me translate this 9. I agreed ---- Jack wash his car.
letter?
A) helping
A) help B) help
B) to help C) to help
C) helping
10. I hope ---- from college next June.
5. He asked ---- to the store manager.
A) to graduate
A) to talk B) graduating
B) talk C) graduate
C) talking

83
11. The models practiced ---- with a book 18. Stephanie dislikes ---- in front of a
balanced on their heads. computer all day.

A) walk A) working
B) walking B) work
C) to walk C) to work

12. Mandy has promised ---- care of our 19. Mrs. Naidoo appears ---- the most
dog while we are on vacation. qualified person for the job.

A) to take A) be
B) taking B) being
C) take C) to be

13. Mr. Edwards chose ---- the management 20. Eliza recommended ---- in a dim sum
position in Chicago rather than the restaurant while we're in Hong Kong.
position in Miami.
A) to eat
A) accepting B) eating
B) accept C) eat
C) to accept
21. I demand ---- to the manager of the
14. I don't know what she wants ---- tonight. hotel immediately.
Why don't you ask her?
A) talk
A) to go B) talking
B) doing C) to talk
C) do
22. My grandmother recalled ---- a plane for
15. Frank offered ---- us paint the house. the very first time when she was six.

A) helping A) seeing
B) help B) see
C) to help C) to see

16. Sandra decided ---- economics in 23. She claims ---- related to George
London. Washington, but I don't believe her.

A) to study A) to be
B) studying B) being
C) study C) be

17. Witnesses reported ---- the bank robber 24. This broken bicycle needs ---- before
as he was climbing out of the second- someone can ride it.
story window.
A) fix
A) see B) to fix
B) seeing C) fixing
C) to see

84
25. I can't understand ---- such a big car 32. The child denied ---- the piece of candy.
when gas prices are so high, not to
mention what it does to the A) to steal
environment. B) stealing
C) steal
A) drive
B) driving 33. We fully intend ---- you for all the work
C) to drive you have done for us.

26. She refused ---- to me after our fight. A) to pay

B) paying
A) to speak C) pay
B) speaking
C) speak 34. You seem ---- a little distracted. Is
everything alright?
27. The wilderness adventure course lasts
ten days and involves ---- more than A) being
fifty miles through rugged mountainous B) to be
terrain. C) be

A) hiking 35. Laura and Ed discussed ---- to the city

B) hike to find work; however, in the end, they
C) to hike decided against relocating.

28. Don't hesitate ---- for help if you don't A) moving

understand the directions. B) move
C) to move
A) to ask
B) ask 36. She refused ---- that she had made a
C) asking mistake.

29. She managed ---- with them, even A) admitting

though she didn't speak their language. B) to admit
C) admit
A) communicating
B) communicate 37. After his accident last year, he would
C) to communicate never consider ---- another motorcycle.

30. She pretended ---- a student in order to A) buy

get a student discount. B) to buy
C) buying
A) be
B) to be 38. Margaret just happened ---- the lost car
C) being keys while she was looking for
something else.
31. She waited ---- what would happen next.
A) to find
A) seeing B) find
B) see C) finding
C) to see

85
39. He never admitted ---- the wild party 45. Mr. Shinohara recollected ---- with his
while his parents were out of town. father on his family's fishing boat when
he was a young child.
A) having
B) have A) work
C) to have B) working
C) to work
40. Jackie tends ---- late on Mondays, but
our boss doesn't seem to care about 46. The medical team deserves ---- the
that very much. award for their volunteer work in sub-
Saharan Africa.
A) arrive
B) to arrive A) receiving
C) arriving B) to receive
C) receive
41. The winner of the local competition
gets ---- in a national competition in 47. I really appreciate ---- the opportunity to
Washington D.C. take part in this project and to work
with such an excellent team.
A) to participate
B) participate A) having
C) participating B) have
C) to have
42. We don't anticipate ---- any more
technical problems during the concert 48. She delayed ---- her application until
tour. just one week before the deadline.

A) have A) to submit
B) to have B) submitting
C) having C) submit

43. Debbie failed ---- her credit card lying 49. Everybody arranged ---- at the train
on the ground. station 30 minutes before the train
departed.
A) notice
B) to notice A) meeting
C) noticing B) meet
C) to meet
44. The politician swore ---- the people
honestly and with pride, but the scandal
revealed that the promise was little 50. Simona resisted ---- Italian during her
more than a lie. English training program in London.
She wanted to take advantage of the
A) to serve opportunity to improve her English.
B) serve
C) serving A) speak
B) speaking
C) to speak

86
51. Do you care ---- us later for dinner? We 58. How can you defend ---- such terrible
are meeting at Tony's Italian Restaurant things to him?
downtown.
A) saying
A) join B) say
B) to join C) to say
C) joining
59. Bill agreed ---- us at the restaurant at
52. We waited ---- what would happen next, 8:30, but he never showed up.
but nothing happened.
A) meeting
A) seeing B) to meet
B) see C) meet
C) to see
60. Jennifer practiced ---- the word until she
53. Julius vowed ---- to his home country sounded just like a native speaker.
once again to see the village where he
and his family had lived before the war. A) pronouncing
B) pronounce
A) to return C) to pronounce
B) returning
C) return 61. Our art teacher encouraged ---- with
different colors.
54. Diana yearns ---- to far off, exotic
destinations. A) experiment
B) to experiment
A) travel C) experimenting
B) to travel
C) traveling 62. Dana hopes ---- enough money to travel
around Europe for three months. It's
55. When she got through ---- her book, she her dream.
laid it on the table next to the bed and
went to sleep. A) to save
B) save
A) reading C) saving
B) read
C) to read 63. ---- is her life. That is why Susan moved
to New York to study dancing
56. They expected ---- much earlier, but professionally.
their plane was delayed in Paris.
A) Dancing
A) to arrive B) To dance
B) arrive C) Dance
C) arriving
64. Constance plans ---- part in the
57. Michael postponed ---- the bathroom as marathon next spring.
long as possible. He hates cleaning!
A) to take
A) clean B) taking
B) cleaning C) take
C) to clean

87
65. I can't help ---- how my grandmother's 72. The astronomer told us ---- into the sun
life would have been different if she had during the eclipse.
been able to go to college.
A) looking
A) to wonder B) not look
B) wondering C) not to look
C) wonder
73. I wish she would just quit ---- all the
66. The doctor advised ---- a specialist time.
about the problem.
A) to complain
A) seeing B) complaining
B) see C) complain
C) to see
74. She resisted ---- advice from her co-
67. ---- helped me strengthen my injured workers.
leg.
A) taking
A) Swimming B) take
B) Swim C) to take
C) To swim
75. He threatened ---- forever.
68. After the tsunami, Bette chose ---- in
Indonesia and work with a relief A) leave
organization. B) leaving
C) to leave
A) to stay
B) saying 76. After he finished ---- the show, he
C) say turned off the TV and went to bed.

69. Do you wish ----, or would you like to A) to watch

stop now? B) watching
C) watch
A) continuing
B) continue 77. She neglected ---- all the facts.
C) to continue
A) mentioning
70. His car needs ----. It looks like it hasn't B) mention
been washed in years. C) to mention

A) washing 78. I remember ---- up at 4:30 AM to make it

B) to wash to work on time.
C) wash
A) getting
71. Smokers risk ---- several smoking B) get
related illnesses. C) to get

A) get 79. Sheryl forgot ---- her purse, so I lent her

B) getting ten dollars.
C) to get
A) to bring
B) bring
C) bringing

88
80. I completely forgot ---- here when I was 87. Samantha loves ---- in New York. She
a kid. But now I remember! My parents has been living there all her life.
brought me here when I was three.
A) live
A) come B) living
B) coming C) to live
C) to come
88. I would love ---- in London, but it is too
81. Lydia really regrets ---- out of high expensive.
school. She has really had to struggle
to make a living because of that A) to live
decision. B) live
C) living
A) drop
B) to drop 89. Fred is continuing ---- karate lessons
C) dropping even though he broke his hand.

82. I regret ---- you that Mr. Smith has A) taking

passed away. B) to take
C) take
A) to inform
B) inform 90. Paul sat on a hill ---- the mother bear
C) informing and her cubs until they disappeared
into the forest.
83. Do you remember ---- stuck in that
elevator when we were in New York? I A) watching
thought we would never get out of B) watch
there! C) to watch

A) be 91. I took the course ---- more about Asian

B) being history.
C) to be
A) learning
84. She tried ---- him the terrible truth, but B) to learn
she just couldn't bring herself to do it. C) learn

A) to tell 92. His plan ---- from New York to Los

B) telling Angeles seemed crazy, but he actually
C) tell did it!

85. I dread ---- of what might happen next. A) to walk

B) walk
A) think C) walking
B) to think
C) thinking 93. We had a great time ---- from San Diego
to Catalina.
86. Neil is starting ---- Japanese.
A) sailing
A) to learn B) sail
B) learn C) to sail
C) learning

89
94. The runner was too exhausted ---- the 98. We spent the whole day ---- in the train
marathon. station waiting for the overdue train to
arrive.
A) finish
B) finishing A) sitting
C) to finish B) sit
C) to sit
95. Nancy loves ---- at the Museum of
Modern Art. She would never want to 99. I think I am beginning ---- this grammar.
work anywhere else.
A) understanding
A) work B) to understand
B) working C) understand
C) to work
100. He'll never forget ---- the Rolling
96. I completely forgot ---- you my Stones in concert!
electronic dictionary. I thought I had
lost it. A) seeing
B) see
A) lending C) to see
B) to lend
C) lend

97. Mickey is determined ---- the spelling

bee at school. He has been studying for
weeks.

A) winning
B) win
C) to win

90
 List of Prepositions
no preposition TR usage example
the author of the book
of -ın | -in noun phrase
kitabın yazarı
the faculty of education
of sessiz noun phrase
eğitim fakültesi
1
Of all the films I have watched
Of all arasında among
izlediğim tüm filmler arasında
It is of vital importance.
(be) of -e sahip having
O, hayati öneme sahiptir.
people in Eskişehir
in -de | -deki place
Eskişehir’de(ki) insanlar
people in Middle Ages
in -de | -deki time
Orta Çağ’da(ki) insanlar
advances in medicine
in -de | -deki field
Tıptaki ilerlemeler
2
rich in vitamin
in açısından in terms of
vitamin açısından zengin
in just two days
in içerisinden time period
sadece iki gün içerisinde
get in the car!
in -e | -a into
Arabaya bin.
students at university
at -de | -deki place
Üniversitede(ki) öğrenciler
the meeting at 7 o’clock
3 at -de | -deki time
Saat 7’de(ki) toplantı
don’t look at me like that
at -e | -a direction
bana öyle bakma
the cat on the sofa
on -de | -deki place
kanepede(ki) kedi
the meeting on Monday
on sessiz days
Pazartesi toplantı
4
-den sonra Upon / On his wife’s death
on | upon after | when
-ın üzerine Karısının ölümü üzerine
a book on pregnancy
on üzerine about
Hamilelik üzerine bir kitap
to jump over the wall
over üzerinden place
Duvarın üzerinden zıplamak
over 100 people
5 over üzerinde more than
100 den fazla insan
over centuries
over içerisinde time
yüzyıllar içerisinde

91
no preposition TR usage example
organisms under water
under altında place | abstract
su altındaki organizmalar
6
under 100 people
under altında less than
100’ün altında insan
above the sea level
7 above üzerinde level | place
deniz seviyesinin üzerinde
below sea level
8 below altında level | place
deniz seviyesinin altında
beneath the leaves
9 beneath altında below
yaprakların altında
underneath the carpet
10 underneath altında below
halının altında
-ın tarafından | a book by George Orwell
by cause (passive)
-nca George Orwell tarafından bir kitap
-e kadar | be back by Friday
by no later than
-e gelindiğinde Cumaya kadar geri dönmek
11
to lose weight by exercising daily
by + Ving -erek | -arak method
günlük egzersiz yaparak kilo vermek
to travel by plane/air
by ile method
uçakla/hava yoluyla seyahat etmek
to live with her parents
with ile (birlikte) company
ailesi ile birlikte yaşamak
12 a country with a population of over
-e sahip | 70 million people
with having
-lı | -li 70 milyonun üzerinde bir nüfusu olan
bir ülke
-sız | siz | to look nice without make-up
without not having
olmasaydı makyajsız güzel görünmek
13
without taking a break
without + Ving -meden method
mola vermeden
to go through the forest
through içinden place | time
ormanın içinden geçmek
14
ile | through advertising
through using
vasıtasıyla reklam aracılığıyla
inside the box
15 inside içerisinde place
kutunun içerisinde
within the EU borders
within içerisinde place
AB sınırları içerisinde
16
within two weeks
within içerisinde time
iki hafta içerisinde
to walk to the station
to -e | -a direction
istasyona yürümek
-mek | to be or not to be
17 to + V1 infinitive
-mek için olmak ya da olmamak
essential to healthy lifestyle
to için for
sağlıklı yaşam için gerekli

92
no preposition TR usage example
towards the end of the film
18 towards -e doğru direction
filmin sonuna doğru
to dive into sea
19 into -e | -a | içine direction
denize dalmak
to step onto land
20 onto -e | -a | üstüne direction
karaya çıkmak
a present for you
for için purpose
senin için bir hediye
21
-dır | -dir | -lığına for two years
for time period
| boyunca iki yıldır, iki yıllığına
people from Europe
from -den | -dan place | time
Avrupa’dan insanlar
from Monday to Friday
22 from…to… …-den…-e place | time
Pazartesiden Cumaya
from…on | from January on | onwards
-den itibaren time
onwards Ocaktan itibaren
-de | -da during pregnancy
23 during time
esnasında Hamilelikte
throughout the summer
throughout boyunca time
yaz boyunca
24
throughout the world
throughout her yerinde place
dünyanın her yerinde
to talk about his son all the time
about -ın hakkında with regard to
sürekli oğlu hakkında konuşmak
about 100 people
25 about yaklaşık approximately
yaklaşık 100 kişi
about to die
about to V1 -mek üzere intending
ölmek üzere
regarding government policies
26 regarding ile ilgili about
hükümet politikaları ile ilgili
concerning government policies
27 concerning ile ilgili about
hükümet politikaları ile ilgili
to protect against harmful organisms
28 against -e karşı opposing
zararlı organizmalara karşı korumak
to revolve around the sun
around etrafında direction
güneşin etrafında dönmek
29
around 100 people
around yaklaşık approximately
yaklaşık 100 kişi
along the coast
30 along boyunca direction
sahil boyunca
as your mother
32 as olarak quality
annen olarak

93
no preposition TR usage example
to look like her mother
33 like gibi similar to
annesi gibi görünmek
unlike any other animal
34 unlike -ın aksine not similar to
diğer hayvanların aksine
away from her family
35 away from -den uzak somewhere else
ailesinden uzak
-den | out of danger
out of no longer in
-den dışarı tehlike dışında
out of happiness
36 out of -den | -dan because of
mutluluktan
made out of velvet
out of -den | -dan made from
kadifeden yapılan
outside his room
37 outside dışarısında not in
odasının dışında
taller than his father
38 than -den | -dan comparative
babasından uzun
near the train station
39 near -ın yanında place
garın yanında
a journey between Istanbul and Ankara
40 between arasında space
İstanbul-Ankara arasında bir yolculuk
among | arasında surrounded | among the crowd
41
amongst içinde as a group kalabalığın içerisinde/ arasında
next to the train station
42 next to bitişiğinde place
garın bitişiğinde
behind the building
43 behind arkasında place
binanın arkasında
in front of the building
44 in front of önünde place
binanın önünde
beyond the hills
45 beyond -ın ötesinde further away
tepenin ötesinde
üzerinden through to go to Rome via Istanbul
46 via
aracılığıyla using İstanbul üzerinden Roma’ya gitmek
20$ per person
47 per her each
her kişiye 20$
to sit beside her
48 beside yanında place
onun yanına oturmak
to live opposite the hospital
49 opposite karşısında facing
hastanenin karşısında yaşamak
-den uzak | away from | off the coast of Hawaii
50 off
kapalı stopped Hawaii açıklarında
from one side to across the river
51 across karşıdan karşıya
the other nehrin karşısında

94
no preposition TR usage example
after his father’s death
52 after -den sonra later than
babasının ölümünden sonra
before his son’s birth
53 before -den önce earlier than
oğlunun doğumundan önce
th
until the end of 19 century
54 until | till -e kadar time | distance
19. yy’ın sonuna kadar
since April
55 since -den beri until now
Nisandan beri
as of June
56 as of -den itibaren starting from
Temmuzdan itibaren
-den sonra | following the nationwide protests
57 following after
-I takiben ulus çapındaki protestolardan sonra

Prepositions of Place 5. Fred loves to go camping ---- the desert,

but Kyle prefers to camp ---- the
mountains.
1. We have DSL Internet access ---- work,
but I don't have a high-speed
connection ---- home. A) in / in
B) on / in
C) at / in
A) in / at
B) at / at
C) at / in 6. The wine is ---- the bottle

2. The kids are learning about the Civil A) in

War ---- their history class ---- school. B) on
C) at
A) in / on
B) in / at 7. Pass me the dictionary, it's ---- the
C) at / at bookshelf.

3. Toby was ---- the hospital for two weeks A) in

after his motorcycle accident ---- the B) at
freeway. C) on

A) in / on 8. Jennifer is ---- work.

B) at / in
C) at / at A) at
B) on
4. Jane and Debbie saw dolphins ---- the C) in
ocean while they were having a picnic --
-- the beach. 9. Berlin is ---- Germany.

A) at / in A) in
B) in / on B) at
C) in / at C) on

95
10. You have something ---- your face. 19. I'll meet you ---- the airport.

A) on A) in
B) at B) at
C) in C) on

11. Turn left ---- the traffic lights. 20. She stood ---- the window and looked
out.
A) at
B) on A) at
C) in B) in
C) on
12. She was listening to classical music ----
the radio. 21. The cat is ---- the house somewhere.

A) in A) on
B) on B) in
C) at C) at

13. He has a house ---- the river. 22. Why you calling so late? I’m already ----
bed.
A) on
B) at A) in
C) in B) at
C) on
14. The answer is ---- the bottom of the
page. 23. I waited for Lucy ---- the station.

A) at A) on
B) in B) at
C) on C) in

15. Julie will be ---- the plane now. 24. There was a picture of flowers ----her T-
shirt.
A) at
B) on A) on
C) in B) in
C) at
16. There are a lot of magnets ---- the
fridge. 25. She has a house ---- Japan.

A) in A) at
B) at B) in
C) on C) on

17. She lives ---- London. 26. He’s swimming ---- the river.

A) at A) at
B) in B) on
C) on C) in

18. John is ---- a taxi. He's coming. 27. Where’s Julie? She’s ---- school.

A) in A) in
B) at B) at
C) on C) on

96
28. The plant is ---- the table. 37. She hung a picture ---- the wall.

A) on A) in
B) in B) on
C) at C) at

29. There is a spider ---- the bath. 38. John is ---- the garden.

A) on A) in
B) at B) at
C) in C) on

30. Please put those apples ---- the bowl. 39. There's nothing ---- TV tonight.

A) at A) at
B) in B) in
C) on C) on

31. Frank is ---- holiday for three weeks. 40. I stayed ---- home all weekend.

A) on A) in
B) in B) at
C) at C) on

32. There are two pockets ---- this bag. 41. When I called Lucy, she was ---- the
bus.
A) in
B) on A) on
C) at B) in
C) at
33. I read the story ---- the newspaper.
42. There was a spider ---- the ceiling.
A) in
B) at A) in
C) on B) on
C) at
34. The cat is sitting ---- the chair.
43. Unfortunately, Mrs Brown is ----
A) in hospital.
B) on
C) at A) in
B) on
35. Lucy was standing ---- the bus stop. C) at

A) at 44. Don't sit ---- the table, sit ---- a chair.

B) on
C) in A) on / at
B) on / on
36. I'll meet you ---- the cinema. C) in / in

A) in 45. There are four cushions ---- the sofa.

B) at
C) on A) on
B) in
C) at

97
46. I had lots of posters ---- the wall of my 54. When the weather is nice we normally
bedroom when I was a teenager. sit ---- the garden.

A) on A) at
B) in B) on
C) at C) in

47. I usually walk ---- work everyday. It 55. Put the books back ---- the shelf after
keeps me fit. the class, please.

A) to A) in
B) for B) on
C) at C) at

48. I think I put the milk ---- the fridge. Can 56. I lost my money somewhere ---- the
you see it? hotel and the beach.

A) at A) between
B) to B) from
C) in C) into

49. If you feel ill, perhaps you should stay -- 57. ---- the picture, I can see a woman.
-- home tomorrow.
A) on
A) in B) in
B) at C) at
C) to
58. The woman is sitting ---- a table.
50. The train arrived ---- the station twenty
minutes late. A) at
B) on
A) for C) in
B) to
C) at 59. She is sitting ---- a chair.

51. The plane had to return ---- the airport A) in

because of the storm. It was too B) on
dangerous to continue. C) at

A) in 60. There is another chair ---- the woman.

B) to
C) at A) on
B) to
52. Sheila is coming back ---- holiday C) opposite
tomorrow.
61. Her feet are ---- the table
A) from
B) in A) in
C) to B) under
C) at
53. There was an accident last night ---- the
end of our street. 62. The woman is holding a cup ---- her
hands.
A) in
B) on A) at
C) at B) to
C) in

98
63. ---- the table are a laptop, a paper, a 72. The boy with the green shirt is ---- the
calculator, an appointment calendar, right.
two pens and a muffin.
A) in
A) on B) on
B) in C) at
C) at
73. He has a gamboy ---- his hands.
64. The woman is looking ---- her laptop.
A) at
A) in B) on
B) at C) in
C) on
74. The kids are looking ---- his gameboy.
65. The woman's bag is ---- the table.
A) at
A) out of B) on
B) under C) in
C) between
75. Santa is sitting ---- a chair.
66. A couple is sitting ---- the table.
A) in
A) on B) on
B) at C) at
C) in
76. The girl is standing ---- Santa.
67. They are sitting ---- chairs.
A) over
A) at B) next to
B) on C) between
C) in
77. Santa and the girl are looking ---- each
68. The drinks are ---- the table. other.

A) on A) in
B) in B) at
C) at C) on

69. One woman is standing ---- the table. 78. The girl has a present ---- her hands.

A) in A) in
B) up B) on
C) in front of C) at

70. ---- her is a man who is barbecuing. 79. ---- the girl, there is a Christmas tree.

A) Behind A) On
B) On B) At
C) In C) Behind

71. The girl is standing ---- the two boys. 80. There are more presents ---- the tree.

A) on A) for
B) between B) under
C) at C) from

99
81. Santa's big bag is lying ---- the floor. 90. I always keep some extra money ---- my
bag in case of emergencies.
A) at
B) on A) at
C) in B) in
C) on
82. Would you like to go ---- the cinema
tonight? 91. I'll read it tonight ---- home.

A) in A) in
B) at B) on
C) to C) at
D) on
92. Do you live ---- a house or an
83. No, thanks. I was ---- the cinema apartment?
yesterday.
A) at
A) at B) on
B) in C) in
C) at
93. Did you learn English ---- Malta?
84. We are going ---- holiday next week.
A) in
A) in B) on
B) on C) at
C) at
94. She grew up ---- a farm.
85. There is a bridge ---- the river.
A) at
A) from B) in
B) across C) on
C) with
95. I read about it ---- the newspaper.
86. The flight ---- Leipzig ---- London was
via Frankfurt. A) in
B) on
A) at / in C) at
B) from / to
C) of / by 96. He went for a swim ---- the river.

87. ---- my wall, there are many picture A) at

postcards. B) in
C) on
A) in
B) on 97. The dog's sleeping ---- the carpet.
C) at
A) at
88. Who is the person ---- this picture? B) in
C) on
A) in
B) on 98. The information is ---- the top of the
C) at page.

89. Munich lies 530 meters ---- sea level. A) at

B) on
A) at C) in
B) on
C) above

100
99. Were you ---- the party too? 7. The film finishes ---- 9:30.

A) on A) on
B) in B) in
C) at C) at

100. Did you learn something ---- 8. The supermarket is closed ---- Sunday.
school?
A) in
A) at B) on
B) in C) at
C) on
9. Peter is playing tennis ---- Sunday.

Prepositions of Time A) at
B) on
C) in
1. My lesson starts ---- five o’clock.
10. My brother's birthday is ---- the 5th of
A) at November.
B) on
C) in A) on
B) at
2. My father usually buys a newspaper ---- C) In
the morning.
11. My birthday is ---- May.
A) on
B) at A) at
C) in B) in
C) on
3. My father usually buys a newspaper ----
the morning. 12. We are going to see my parents ---- the
weekend.
A) in
B) on A) at
C) at B) on
C) In
4. We get presents ---- Christmas.
13. ----1666, a great fire broke out in
A) in London.
B) at
C) on
A) at
B) in
5. I usually visit my grandparents ---- C) on
Sunday afternoon.
14. I don't like walking alone in the streets -
A) on --- night.
B) in
C) at
A) at
B) in
6. John’s birthday is ---- August 16th . C) on

A) in 15. What are you doing ---- the afternoon?

B) at
C) on
A) on
B) in
C) at

101
16. My friend has been living in Canada ---- 24. It lasts ---- two hours and forty-five
two years. minutes.

A) for A) at
B) in B) by
C) at C) for

17. I will have finished this essay ---- 25. From eight till a quarter ---- eleven.
Friday.
A) to
A) at B) at
B) by C) for
C) in
26. That's right. But I must hurry home
18. What are you doing ---- the weekend? after the film. I have to be home ----
eleven o'clock.
A) on
B) at A) on
C) in B) by
C) for
19. I don't know yet. Maybe I'll go to the
cinema ---- Saturday. 27. I wake up ---- 7.00.

A) on A) at
B) in B) in
C) at C) on

20. That's interesting. I haven't been to the 28. I sometimes work ---- Saturdays.
cinema ---- so many years.
A) in
A) for B) at
B) from C) on
C) with
29. I never work ---- the weekends.
21. That would be great. But I would prefer
to go there ---- the evening. I am visiting A) in
my grandma on Saturday. B) at
C) on
A) on
B) in 30. I see my family ---- Christmas.
C) at
A) on
22. That's okay. The film starts ---- eight B) in
o'clock. C) at

A) on 31. I go on holiday ---- August.

B) at
C) in
A) in
B) on
23. I can pick you up ---- half past seven. C) at
How long does the film last?
32. I go to bed ----11 p.m.
A) at
B) in
A) on
C) on
B) at
C) in

102
33. I watch TV ---- the evening. 42. I get up late ---- Saturday mornings.

A) at A) at
B) on B) in
C) in C) on

34. I do my English homework ---- night. 43. I usually have a cup of coffee ---- the
afternoons.
A) on
B) at A) at
C) in B) in
C) on
35. I read the newspaper ---- the morning.
44. My birthday is ---- July.
A) at
B) on A) on
C) in B) at
C) in
36. I have lunch ---- 1.30 p.m.
45. The party is ---- the first of October.
A) in
B) at A) on
C) on B) in
C) at
37. I always go out ---- Friday nights.
46. We have a meeting ---- the first
A) on Thursday of the month.
B) at
C) in A) at
B) on
38. I go to a restaurant ---- New Year's Eve. C) in

A) at 47. There was a loud noise which woke us

B) in up ---- midnight.
C) on
A) on
39. I start a new school year ---- September. B) at
C) in
A) at
B) in 48. Do you usually eat chocolate eggs ----
C) on Easter?

40. I go skiing ---- the winter. A) in

B) on
A) in C) at
B) on
C) at 49. What are you doing ---- the weekend?

41. I was born ---- 1977. A) in

B) at
A) at C) on
B) in
C) on 50. My father always reads the paper ----
breakfast time.

A) at
B) in
C) on

103
51. She plays tennis ---- Fridays. 60. Mobile phones became popular ---- the
nineties.
A) on
B) in A) on
C) at B) in
C) at
52. The trees here are really beautiful ----
the spring. 61. Luckily the weather was perfect ---- her
wedding day.
A) on
B) in A) on
C) at B) in
C) at
53. I'll see you ---- Tuesday afternoon then.
62. Lucy is arriving ----February the 13th ---
A) on -8 o'clock ---- the morning.
B) in
C) at A) in / on / at
B) on / at / in
54. Shakespeare died ---- 1616. C) on / at / at

A) on 63. The weather is often terrible in London

B) in ---- January.
C) at
A) in
55. In my hometown, the shops open early B) on
---- the morning. C) at

A) in 64. It’s better to get a taxi if you are out

B) on alone ---- night.
C) at
A) on
56. She met her husband ---- 1998. B) at
C) in
A) on
B) in 65. She got married ---- September.
C) at
A) in
57. We are meeting ---- Friday morning. B) on
C) at
A) on
B) in 66. They usually go to the south of France -
C) at --- the summer.

58. I often get sleepy ---- the afternoon. A) at

B) in
A) on C) on
B) at
C) in 67. Columbus sailed to the Americas ----
the 16th century.
59. His daughter was born ---- the 24th of
August. A) in
B) on
A) on C) at
B) in
C) at

104
68. The Beatles were popular ---- the 1960s. 77. I had a party ---- my birthday.

A) at A) in
B) in B) on
C) on C) at

69. I graduated from university ---- 2001. 78. Lucy went to New York ---- New Year.

A) on A) on
B) at B) in
C) in C) at

70. His birthday is ---- June. 79. He was born ---- 1991.

A) at A) at
B) in B) in
C) on C) on

71. The train leaves tomorrow morning ---- 80. It was sunny ---- my birthday.
8:00 AM.
A) on
A) at B) at
B) in C) in
C) on
81. It will be ready ---- eight months.
72. I love going skiing ---- January.
A) in
A) at B) on
B) in C) at
C) on
82. What's on the TV ---- midnight.
73. We met at the restaurant ---- 8 pm.
A) on
A) in B) at
B) on C) in
C) at
83. The factory closed ---- June.
74. The class is at 9am ---- Monday
mornings. A) on
B) in
A) at C) at
B) on
C) in 84. ---- the winter, it usually snows.

75. I like to drink coffee ---- the morning A) in

and tea ---- the afternoon. B) on
C) at
A) at / in
B) in / in 85. ---- Friday, she spoke to me.
C) at / at
A) at
76. She left London ---- the 4th of March. B) on
C) in
A) on
B) in
C) at

105
86. I'll see you ---- a moment. 95. The course begins ---- 7 January and
ends ---- 10 March.
A) at
B) in A) on / on
C) on B) in / in
C) at / at
87. The anniversary is ---- May 10th.
96. I went to bed ---- midnight.
A) on
B) in A) on
C) at B) at
C) in
88. The movie starts ---- 20 minutes.
97. I met Ann ---- Tuesday.
A) at
B) in A) on
C) on B) in
C) at
89. ---- the moment, I'm busy.
98. I’ll phone you ---- Tuesday morning ----
A) at about 10.
B) in
C) on A) in / on
B) on / at
90. They were very popular ---- the 1980s. C) at / at

A) on 99. Tom’s grandmother died in 1987 ---- the

B) in age of 81.
C) at
A) on
91. My appointment is ---- Thursday B) in
morning. C) At

A) on 100.Are you doing anything special ---- the

B) in weekend?
C) at
A) at
92. Are you staying at home ---- Christmas B) on
Day. C) in

A) in
B) on
C) at

93. I have to speak to the boss ----

lunchtime.

A) at
B) in
C) on

94. ---- 8 o'clock, I must leave.

A) in
B) at
C) on

106
 Mixed Preposition 9. I go to school ---- bus, not ---- foot.

A) in / of
1. Cenk lives ---- 810 İstiklal Street.
B) by / on
C) with / for
A) from
B) in 10. I went to bed ---- midnight and got up ---
C) for - 10.00 in the morning.
2. The course begins ---- 8 June and ends
A) at / at
---- October.
B) in / in
C) on / on
A) on / in
B) from / to 11. Mozart was born ---- Salzburg ---- 1756.
C) at / by

3. Peter is ---- class 2 B. A) in / at

B) on / by
C) of / in
A) of
B) in
C) with 12. There is a car ---- our house.

4. Peter goes to school ---- Monday ---- A) between

Friday. B) in front of
C) across
A) by / at
B) during / on 13. Who is sitting ---- to you?
C) from / to
A) with
5. Students haven’t got any lesson ---- the B) next
weekends. C) near

A) at 14. There is a light ---- the table.

B) from
C) for A) above
B) into
6. Sheila gets up ---- 6.30 every morning. C) onto

A) on 15. Hurry up! We are going to the cinema ---

B) by - five minutes.
C) at
A) without
7. Mike and his family go for a walk ---- the B) with
evenings. C) within

A) in 16. I haven’t seen Ann for a few days. I last

B) for saw her ---- Tuesday.
C) by
A) on
8. Michael has got a lot of posters and B) for
picture ---- cars ---- the wall in his room. C) in

A) of / on 17. Jack’s brother is an engineer but he’s

B) in / over out of work ---- the moment.
C) to / with
A) in
B) on
C) at

107
18. I looked at the bookcase and saw an 26. He speaks quite good French. He
interesting story book ---- the top shelf. studied ---- Paris for a year.

A) on A) in
B) above B) on
C) over C) at

19. ---- sunny days we usually go on a 27. I’ll show you the picture ---- the palace.
picnic.
A) to
A) On B) of
B) By C) on
C) For
28. There are emergency telephones all ----
20. Mary was born ---- 20th March ---- 1982. the E-5 Motorway.

A) on / of A) in
B) at / in B) on
C) by / to C) at

21. ---- Christmas I’d like to visit my 29. She always gets up early ---- the
relatives. morning and goes to bed late ---- night.

A) In A) at / in
B) On B) on / on
C) At C) in / at

22. Section 5 is ---- the first floor of the 30. She learned Russian ---- the age of 45.
Prep School.
A) on
A) in B) at
B) on C) in
C) at
31. We are very proud ---- this company.
23. You mustn’t smoke ---- a bus.
A) of
A) in B) with
B) on C) for
C) at
32. You have to pay ---- the tickets on the
24. Ahmet’s grandmother died ---- 1990 ---- day you order them.
the age of 81.
A) at
A) on / in B) for
B) at / on C) by
C) in / at
33. You’ll have to wait. He’ll be with you ----
25. Were there many people ---- the a minute.
concert?
A) in
A) in B) at
B) on C) on
C) at
34. Daria’s books are lying ---- the floor.

A) at
B) in
C) on

108
35. He arrived at the school building just --- 44. I happened to meet an old friend ----
- time. town.

A) on A) at
B) in B) on
C) at C) in

36. The audience threw tomatoes ---- him. 45. Have you read the article? – It was ----
yesterday’s newspapers.
A) in
B) on A) at
C) at B) in
C) on
37. My friend always borrows money ----
me. 46. Her next birthday will be ---- a Sunday.

A) by A) in
B) on B) on
C) from C) at

38. He is responsible ---- what he does. 47. Are you going away for the weekend? –
I don’t know. It depends ---- the
A) of weather.
B) from
C) for A) in
B) on
39. I’m sorry ---- the job you didn’t get. C) at

A) about 48. The new factory is expected to go

B) of online ---- May.
C) with
A) at
40. I’m very bad ---- mathematics. B) on
C) in
A) in
B) at 49. Jane goes to the office early ----
C) on Tuesdays.

41. Passengers are not allowed to use cell A) at

phones ---- airplanes. B) on
C) in
A) at
B) on 50. I saw him sometime ---- June.
C) in
A) at
42. He is always ---- time. B) on
C) in
A) at
B) on
C) in

43. How many people are ---- your team?

A) in
B) at
C) on

109
 RELATIVE CLAUSE

ÖNCESINE NE GELIR? MARKER SONRASINA NE GELIR?

who

whom

which

where

when

why

whose

that

whereby

prep + which

prep + whom

prep + whose

110
 Relative Clause Test 9. A castle is a place ---- a king or queen
lives.
1. This is the man ---- built our house.
A) when
B) that
A) who
C) where
B) which
C) whose
10. An actress is a woman ---- plays in films
2. There is the bridge ---- we have to or theatre plays.
cross.
A) whom
A) that B) which
C) who
B) whose
C) where
11. This is the girl ---- mother is from
Canada.
3. A greengrocer's is a shop ---- you can
buy vegetables.
A) who
B) whom
A) where C) whose
B) that
C) which 12. This is the time of the year ---- many
people suffer from hayfever.
4. The day ---- I arrived was very nice.
A) when
A) when B) who
C) where
B) which
C) why
13. The flowers ---- grow in the garden are
beautiful.
5. A horror film was the reason ---- I
couldn't sleep last night. A) which
B) where
A) where C) what
B) who
C) why 14. The security guard ---- was working that
night didn't see anything.
6. The girl ---- lives next door is very nice. A) who
B) which
A) who C) where
B) whom
C) whose 15. A boy ---- sister is in my class was in
the bank at that time.
7. The bus ---- takes you to the station
should be here any minute. A) who
B) which
A) where C) whose
B) which
C) whose 16. This is the station ---- Emily met James.

8. This is the dog ---- barks every night. A) which

B) who
A) that C) where
B) why
C) when

111
17. July and August are the months ---- 24. A hammer is a tool ---- is used to knock
most people go on holiday. nails into wood.

A) why A) that
B) whose B) who
C) when C) whose

18. Do you know the reason ---- so many 25. The shop ---- we usually buy our bread
people in the world learn English? has closed down.

A) why A) that
B) the fact that B) where
C) which C) whose

19. This is the church ---- Sue and Peter got 26. The boy ---- dog was hit by a car has
married. not been to school for 3 days.

A) whose A) that
B) where B) who
C) which C) whose

20. Edinburgh is the town ---- Alexander 27. Can you please return the calculator ----
Graham Bell was born. you borrowed yesterday?

A) which A) that
B) where B) who
C) on which C) whom

21. 25 December is the day ---- children in 28. An orphanage is a place ---- children
Great Britain get their Christmas who have no parents can live and be
presents. looked after.

A) why A) that
B) whose B) which
C) when C) where

22. A famine was the reason ---- so many 29. I didn't realize I had forgotten my
Irish people emigrated to the USA in the passport until I reached the airport, ----
19th century. was very annoying.

A) who A) that
B) which B) which
C) why C) where

23. Do you know anyone ---- could help me 30. The students ---- test grades were low
fix my computer? had to come back after school for an
extra lesson.
A) which
B) who A) that
C) whose B) who
C) whose

112
31. The hotel, ---- is in the centre of the 38. My friend ---- took me to a restaurant
town, is to be knocked down and works in a big hop ---- sells expensive
replaced by a bank. shoes.

A) that A) who / which

B) which B) whom / that
C) where C) whose / where

32. The person to ---- you sent the letter 39. That man, ---- lives next door, works in
has moved to a new address? the post office.

A) who A) that
B) whom B) who
C) whose C) which

33. In 1746, Johnson started to write his 40. Sam, ---- daughter studies Medicine,
dictionary, ---- took him nine years to works in the hospital.
complete.
A) who
A) which B) that
B) who C) whose
C) where
41. I love the dress ---- you bought last
34. In 1737, Johnson moved to London, ---- week.
he wrote poetry, essays and
biographies. A) which
B) where
A) where C) whose
B) when
C) why 42. That´s the man ---- I met at the pub.

35. Johnson , ---- was too poor to pay the A) whom

fees, had to leave Oxford without a B) whose
degree. C) where

A) whom 43. Paul, ---- I think is very intelligent, won a

B) who lot of money in a quiz show.
C) whose
A) where
36. The King’s Theatre is in the centre of B) whom
town ---- dates from 1896. C) whose

A) whose 44. Two guys, ---- car had broken down,

B) which asked me for a lift.
C) where
A) whose
B) whom
37. A herbivore is an animal ---- feeds upon C) which
vegetation.

A) who
B) that
C) when

113
45. The day ---- I started work there was a 48. The teacher, ---- I spoke this morning,
disaster. said I was doing very well.

A) which A) who
B) that B) whom
C) where C) to whom

46. Who's moved the papers ---- I left on 49. He didn't wait at the traffic lights ----
my desk? were red.

A) who A) who
B) whom B) which
C) that C) whose

47. This is the village ---- my mother spent 50. A police officer ---- car was parked at
her childhood. the next corner stopped and arrested
them.
A) which
B) where A) whose
C) who B) who
C) which

114
 The patient, who had a serious disease, was taken to hospital immediately.
1
TR |

Have you seen the new advertisement which was shown on TV last night?
2
TR |

Smithsfield is a small village where people live a quiet life.

3
TR |

Ants are small insects which live in big groups.

4
TR |

Christopher Columbus was the sailor who/that discovered America.

5
TR |

The city, which is usually crowded with people, seems to be abandoned.

6
TR |

The building in which the fire started in is a complete ruin.

7
TR |

There were three applicants, none of whom seemed very competent

8
TR |

The patient, who had a serious disease, was taken to hospital immediately.
9
TR |

The robber whose mask was obviously too big didn't drive.
10
TR |

115
 Ants are small insects which live in big groups.
11
TR |

Companies whose shareholders control them have little possibility of making their own
decisions.
12
TR |

You'll have to try to get in touch with the person who is responsible for staff training.
13
TR |

The person whom you are calling cannot hear you.

14
TR |

The school where I was educated closed down a couple of years ago.
15
TR |

I’m looking forward to the fifteenth of next month when I’ll get married.
16
TR |

The gardener’s wife who has just had her third baby has been married for six years.
17
TR |

She always asks me questions that are difficult to answer.

18
TR |

This test is for students whose native language is not English.

19
TR |

D.H. Lawrence, who was an English author, wrote many interesting novels.
20
TR |

116
 RELATIVE CLAUSE REDUCTION

ACTIVE NEREDE KULLANILIR?

Ving

having V3

to V1

PASSIVE NEREDE KULLANILIR?

V3

having been V3

to be V3

117
Instruction: Aşağıdaki cümleleri relative clause reduction kullanarak tekrar yazınız.

This is the bank which was robbed yesterday.

1

The patient, who had a serious disease, was taken to hospital immediately.
2

Ants are small insects which live in big groups.

3

The police followed the criminals, who ran away through the back door.
4

The police interrogated the witness, who gave them a lot of useful information.
5

Someone stole my money belt, which contained my wallet and all my documents.
6

They finally found the murderer, who was hiding in a small village.
7

The Mayans, who lived in Central America, built many stunning temples.
8

My Auntie Ella, who is a journalist, is coming to visit next week.

9

The snake which was in the garden last week belongs to our next-door neighbour.
10

118
 The man who robbed the bank is in jail now.
11

Yesterday, I was the last person who left the school.

12

“Grease” was the first film that I saw at the cinema.

13

The meal that we had at the restaurant was very good.

14

My cousin works for a company that sells laptops.

15

He is the first person who wrote about that problem.

16

A hammer is a tool which is used to knock nails into wood.

17

Mrs Smith is the woman whom you met yesterday.

18

Students who want to join the club must apply to the English teacher.
19

Students who are punished are generally boys

20

119
Instruction: Aşağıdaki cümleleri relative clause marker kullanarak tekrar yazınız.

The method used in the project was excellent

1
TR |

The students coming to class late missed the quiz

2
TR |

I passed the exam, making all my family happy

3
TR |

It is unsafe to enter a building damaged by the earthquake

4
TR |

The film, lasting for three hours, was boring.

5
TR |

The train to Madrid leaves from platform 2.

6
TR |

The problems not solved in time may cause bigger problems in the future.
7
TR |

The house at the end of the road was sold yesterday.

8
TR |

The family interested in buying our house changed their mind suddenly.
9
TR |

The book I'm reading comes from the library.

10
TR |

120
 She has never met the lecturer leading today's seminar.
11
TR |

We saw the new play written by Tom Stoppard at the Old Vic.
12
TR |

The girl having asked a question is very clever.

13
TR |

He is the oldest footballer that plays to play in Turkish League.

14
TR |

The teacher having been asked a question is very clever.

15
TR |

The car parked next to mine is very expensive.

16
TR |

People without their ID cards cannot get in.

17
TR |

Students with enough knowledge and skills will be admitted.

18
TR |

Jack is the first person to have handed in this exam.

19
TR |

Tansu Çiller is the only woman who became to become Prime Minister.
20
TR |

121
 NOUN CLAUSE

MARKER NEREDE KULLANILIR?

who

whom

what

where

when

why

whose

which

that

the fact that

whether

if

122
1. The king ordered ---- the traitor should 8. What the doctors really doubt is ---- his
be put to death. mother will recover from the serious
disease soon.
A) that
B) who A) when
C) what B) how
C) whether
2. ---- he is not interested in the offer is
known to us. 9. I shall never forget these days ---- I lived
in the country with my mother, ---- has a
A) Where great effect on my life.
B) Whom
C) That A) what / which
B) when / which
3. I cannot rely on ---- he says. C) when / who

A) what 10. ---- he always serves the people very

B) which well is known.
C) whose
A) What
4. I don’t know ---- he has gone. B) That
C) Who
A) whom
B) that 11. ---- you have done might do harm to
C) where other people.

5. He asked ---- the servant had polished A) What

his shoes. B) That
C) Which
A) who
B) whether 12. I don’t care ---- she has no money. I
C) what care ---- she is honest or not.

6. The news ---- he is alive has been A) what / what

confirmed. B) whether / whether
C) who / who
A) that
B) which 13. They found at last ---- they had been
C) when looking for.

7. The belief ---- the soul is immortal is A) that

almost universal. B) what
C) where
A) which
B) who 14. He will be here on time ---- he drives or
C) that takes the train.

A) whether
B) when
C) how

123
15. The reason why he was late is ---- he 22. It was a matter of ---- would take the
got up too late. position.

A) that A) who
B) where B) whom
C) if C) wherever

16. I want to know ---- the leather coat 23. Tom was reluctant to tell his mother ----
belongs to. he had done the day before.

A) who A) that
B) that B) how
C) whom C) what

17. Can you tell me ---- the hospital is? 24. A: Do you know ---- he come?
B: Yes, I do. He came half an hour ago.
A) where
B) that A) how
C) whether B) when
C) why
18. We all know ---- she will be our English
teacher. 25. ---- Jane can go to my birthday party is
still unknown.
A) what
B) that A) Whether
C) who B) Which
C) What
19. A: I drove to Zhuhai for the air show
last week. 26. It was said ---- this was how the
B: Is that ---- you had a few days off? Chinese first raised silk worms.

A) why A) that
B) when B) which
C) where C) who

20. Dorothy was always speaking highly of 27. Jane was late for school again. That
her role in the play, ---- of course, made was ---- it was raining heavily then.
the others unhappy.
A) what
A) who B) why
B) which C) because
C) what
28. ---- he will go to work in a mountain
21. Please do ---- I told you. village surprises all of us.

A) what A) What
B) who B) That
C) where C) Whether

124
29. ---- you do should be well done. 36. What the doctors really doubt is ---- his
mother will recover from the serious
A) How disease soon.
B) That
A) when
C) Whatever B) how
C) whether
30. Why don’t you bring ---- to his attention
that you are too busy to do it?
37. I shall never forget these days ---- I lived
A) that in the country with my mother, ---- has a
great effect on my life.
B) what
C) that
1. what / which
31. ---- more countries can use natural 2. when / which
energy in the future remains to be seen. 3. which / that

A) Whether 37. ---- he said he would not get

B) Who married, nobody knows.
C) What
1. when
32. That is ----- I was born and grew up. 2. whose
3. why
A) There
B) in which 38. It is important ---- everyone be told the
C) where truth.

33. ---- has a good education can apply for 1. what

the job. 2. that
3. if
A) Who
B) Whoever 39. This organization provides help to ----
C) Anyone needs it.

34. Some of the scientists held the point 1. whomever

that ---- the book said was right. 2. whoever
3. however
A) what
B) who 40. Derrick’s problem was ---- he could earn
C) that the money.

35. I don’t understand ---- she is angry with 1. how

me. 2. why
3. who
A) who
B) why 41. The engineer stated ---- she could
C) whose design the foundation.

36. Can you tell me ---- wrote Oliver Twist? 1. why

2. when
A) what 3. that
B) who
C) why

125
42. ---- the new captain will be has not been 47. Of course, the child agreed. Is it
announced. possible ---- the child would not agree?

1. whoever 1. that
2. who 2. what
3. whomsoever 3. how

43. My brother doesn't know ---- tall he is. 48. I'll never forget ---- happened on our
way to the carnival.
1. what
2. how 1. who
3. when 2. what
3. when
44. Melissa doesn’t remember ---- mother’s
day is. 49. You should have guessed ---- she
would surely let you down even at the
1. why most unexpected occasions.
2. when
3. where 1. that
2. where
45. Scientists claim ---- they will cure 3. when
cancer.
50. People, at times, can be so blind that
1. what they don't even see ---- is in front of
2. that their eyes.
3. which
1. why
46. Which one the capital of India is, was 2. where
the question ---- the teacher made. 3. what

1. what
2. where
3. that

126
 Conjunction & Transition List (all-in-one)

Etiketler ve anlamları
+ SVO şekilinde etiketlenen bağlaçlar kendisinden sonra cümle alır.
Bağlacın ek şeklinde çevirisi vardır.
Bağlacın anlamı, bağlaçtan sonra gelen cümlenin yüklemine eklenir.
Bu gruptaki bağlaçların kullanım şekli ve çevirisi:
SVO bağlaç SVO.
+ SVO
Bağlaç SVO , SVO.
She attended the class although she was ill.
Hasta olmasına rağmen derse katıldı.
Although she was ill, she attended the class.
Hasta olmasına rağmen derse katıldı.
+ noun şeklinde etiketlenen bağlaçlar kendisinden sonra isim alır.
Bağlacın ek şeklinde çevirisi vardır.
Bağlacın anlamı, bağlaçtan sonra gelen isme eklenir.
Bu gruptaki bağlaçların kullanım şekli ve çevirisi:
SVO bağlaç noun.
+ noun
Bağlaç noun , SVO.
She attended the class despite her illness.
Hastalığına rağmen derse katıldı.
Despite her illness, she attended the class
Hastalığına rağmen derse katıldı.
+ SVO / N şeklinde etiketlenen bağlaçlar kendisinden sonra hem cümle hem isim alır.
Bağlacın ek şeklinde çevirisi vardır.
Bağlacın anlamı, bağlaçtan sonra gelen cümlenin yüklemine; veya isme eklenir.
Bu gruptaki bağlaçların kullanım şekli ve çevirisi:
SVO bağlaç SVO. (veya) SVO bağlaç noun.
+ SVO / N
Bağlaç SVO , SVO. (veya) Bağlaç noun , SVO.
I have lived in Eskişehir since I was born. (veya) I have lived in Eskişehir since 1989.
Doğduğumdan beri Eskişehir'de yaşıyorum. (veya) 1989'dan beri Eskişehir’de yaşıyorum.
Since I was born, I have lived in Eskişehir. (veya) Since 1989, I have lived in Eskişehir.
Doğduğumdan beri Eskişehir'de yaşıyorum. (veya) 1989'dan beri Eskişehir’de yaşıyorum.

127
 transition şeklinde etiketlenen bağlaçtan sonra cümle gelir.
Bağlacın kelime şeklinde çevirisi vardır.
Bu bağlaçlar hiç metni başlatmaz; başka bir deyişle metinlerin ilk cümlesinin başına gelmez.
transition Bu gruptaki bağlaçların kullanım şekli ve çevirisi:
SVO bağlaç SVO.
She was ill, but she attended the class.
Hastaydı ama derse katıldı.
+ Ving şeklinde etiketlenen bağlaçlardan sonra Ving gelir.
Bağlacın ek şeklinde çevirisi vardır.
Bağlacın anlamı, bağlaçtan sonra gelen Ving'e eklenir.
+ Ving
Bu gruptaki bağlaçların kullanım şekli ve çevirisi:
I love reading newspaper while travelling by train.
Trenle seyahat ederken gazete okumayı severim.
+ V1 şeklinde etiketlenen bağlaçlardan sonra V1 gelir.
Bağlacın ek şeklinde çevirisi vardır.
Bağlacın anlamı, bağlaçtan sonra gelen V1'e eklenir.
+ V1
Bu gruptaki bağlaçların kullanım şekli ve çevirisi:
She promised to study hard in order to pass the exam.
Sınavı geçmek için çok çalışacağına söz verdi.
zarf şeklinde etiketlenen ifadeler iki cümleyi bağlamazlar; sadece bir cümlenin herhangi bir
yerinde kullanılır.
Zarfların kullanım şekli ve çevirisi:
Unfortunately, three people dies in the accident.

zarf Maalesef ki kazada üç kişi öldü.

I haven't received any reply yet.
Henüz bir cevap almadım.
Einstein is by far the greatest scientist.
Einstein, gelmiş geçmiş en iyi bilim insanıdır.
NOT: Birden fazla anlamı olan bağlaçlar [bağlaç*] şeklinde yazılmıştır.

128
 ZAMAN BAĞLAÇLARI
100% when* + SVO ...dığında, ...dığı zaman, ...ınca, … iken
1
I was just getting into the bath when the telephone rang.
93% whenever = every time + SVO her ne zaman...se
2
He goes to the opera whenever he can.
100% after + SVO / N ...den sonra

3 Shall we go for a walk after breakfast?

Soon/shortly/immediately after we joined the motorway, the car started to make a strange noise.
80% as soon as + SVO … er...mez
4
As soon as I saw her, I knew there was something wrong. / as soon as possible
100% once* + SVO ...den sonra, ...dığında
5
Once I've found somewhere to live, I'll send you my address.
19% in the aftermath of + noun ...den sonra, ...ın sonrasında
6
Many more people died in the aftermath of the explosion.
100% following + noun ...den sonra, ...ın sonrasında
7
Following the dinner, there will be a dance.
100% before + SVO / N ...den önce

8 Before we make a decision, does anyone want to say anything else?

You should always check your oil, water and tyres before taking your car on a long trip.
40% prior to + noun ...den önce, ...ın öncesinde
9
the weeks prior to her death
100% until = till + SVO / N … e kadar
10 She waited until her coffee had cooled down before taking a sip.
We didn't arrive at our hotel until after midnight.
40% by the time + SVO ...e kadar
11
By the time I got to the station the train had already gone.
100% by + noun ...e kadar, ...den önce, ...e gelindiğinde
12
The application must be handed in by the 31st to be accepted.
100% while* = whilst + SVO ...iken
13
While I was in Italy I went to see Alessandro.
100% as* + SVO ...iken
14
I saw him as I was coming into the building.
100% as* + SVO ...dıkça / -dikçe
15
He gets more attractive as he gets older.
100% just as* + SVO tam...iken
16
Just as I was sitting down to watch TV, the phone rang.
100% since* = ever since + SVO / N ...den beri, ...den bu yana
17
England have not won the World Cup in football since 1966.
I've been very busy since I came back from holiday.

129
18 100% for* + noun … (süre)...dir
I haven't played tennis for years.
100% during + noun -de, -da esnasında, sırasında,
19
There were huge advances in aviation technology during World War Two.
3% as of = as from + noun itibariyle
20
As of next month, all the airline's fares will be going up.
30% at the same time zarf aynı zamanda
21
No-one likes conflict, but at the same time we have to deal with this problem.
14% meanwhile transition bu sırada
22
Carl's starting college in September. Meanwhile, he's travelling around Europe.
10% in the meantime transition bu sırada
23
Your computer won't be arriving till Thursday. In the meantime, you can use Jude's.
18% afterwards transition ardından, daha sonra, ondan sonra, ve daha sonra
24
We had tea, and afterwards we sat in the garden for a while.
100% (and) then* transition (ve) daha sonra
25
Let me finish this job, then we'll go.

130
 ZAMAN ZARFLARI
100% today zarf bugün
1
He's going to ring you at some point today.
100% now zarf şimdi
2
She used to be a teacher, but now she works in publishing.
70% presently = at present zarf şu anda
3
Of 200 boats, only 20 are presently operational.
70% at the moment zarf şu anda
4
I'm afraid she's not here at the moment.
83% currently zarf bu sıralar
5
The Director is currently having talks in the USA.
100% (in) recent (years) zarf son (yıllarda)
6
In recent times/years/months, there has been an increase in the amount of violence on television.
100% recently = lately zarf son zamanlarda
7
Have you seen any good films recently?
23% nowadays = these days zarf bugünlerde
8
Nowadays, I bake my own bread rather than buy it.
3% those days zarf o günlerde
9
In those days people used to write a lot more letters.
100% then* zarf o zaman, o anda
10
I was working in the city then.
35% at the time zarf o anda
11
It seemed like a good idea at the time.
5% this time zarf (yarın/dün) bu zamanlar
12
I thought you'd have finished by this time.
60% so far zarf şimdiye kadar
5% thus far zarf şimdiye kadar
10% until now/today zarf şimdiye kadar
10% up to now/today zarf şimdiye kadar
13
10% till now/ today zarf şimdiye kadar
10% by now zarf şimdiye kadar
7% to date zarf şimdiye kadar
So far we've made thirty-two thousand pounds.
100% before zarf daha önce
14
He said he had never seen her before.
100% still* zarf hâlâ
15
There is still no news about the hostages.
40% until recently zarf son zamanlara kadar
16
Until recently the civil war was largely unreported in the press.

131
 29% yesterday zarf dün
17
I rang them yesterday to check when they were arriving.
48% tomorrow zarf yarın
18
The price of petrol will rise by 5p a gallon from tomorrow.
100% next zarf gelecek
19
She's on holiday for the next few days.
100% last zarf geçen
20
They got married last November.
16% tonight zarf bu gece
21
There's a full moon tonight.
99% originally zarf başlarda, ilk olarak
22
Originally it was a bedroom, but we turned it into a study.
94% previously zarf önceden, geçmişte
23
She was previously employed as a tour guide.
54% formerly zarf önceden, geçmişte
24
The European Union was formerly called the European Community.
100% once* zarf bir zamanlar
25
This house once belonged to my grandfather.
100% in the past zarf geçmişte
26
In the past, this sort of work was all done by hand.
100% in the future zarf gelecekte
27
At some point in the future I would like to have my own house.
8% for the first time zarf ilk defa
28
Last weekend my grandparents visited us for the first time.
8% for the time being zarf şimdilik
29
Leave the ironing for the time being - I'll do it later.

132
 KOŞUL BAĞLAÇLARI

100% if* + SVO (eğer)...se

1
I'll pay you double if you get the work finished by Friday.
providing (that)
16% + SVO ...mesi şartıyla
2 provided (that)
He's welcome to come along, provided that he behaves himself.
16% on condition that + SVO ...mesi şartıyla
3
I'll come to the party on the condition that you don't wear those ridiculous trousers!
suppose (that)
16% + SVO farz et ki …
4 supposing (that)
Suppose we miss the train - what will we do then?
100% as long as = so long as + SVO ...dığı sürece
5
I can come as long as I can leave by 4.00.
62% only if + SVO sadece/ancak … se
6
Only if she had called, would I have known.
100% unless + SVO ...mezse, ...medikçe
7
Most wild animals won't attack unless they are provoked.
10% if ever + SVO eğer olurda … se
8
Tell her to call me if ever you run into her!
95% even if + SVO ...se bile
9
Try to act confidently, even if you feel nervous.
5% what if …? + SVO ya...se?
10
What if you don't pass YDS?
63% otherwise transition yoksa, aksi takdirde

20% or else
11
100% or*
We must be there by six, otherwise we'll miss the beginning.
100% without + noun ...sız,siz; olmazsa, olmasaydı
12
Without water life, as we know it now, wouldn’t exist on Earth.
5% but for + noun ...sız,siz; olmazsa, olmasaydı
13
I'd have crashed the car but for your warning.
100% as if + SVO (sanki)...mış gibi
14 25% as though + SVO (sanki)...mış gibi
She looked as if she'd had some bad news.

133
 AMAÇ BAĞLAÇLARI

100% so that + SVO ...mesi için, ...sın diye

1 100% in order that + SVO ...mesi için, ...sın diye
I deliberately didn't have lunch so that I would be hungry tonight.
100% in order to V1 ...mek için, ...mek amacıyla
80% so as to V1 ...mek için, ...mek amacıyla
2 13% in an effort to V1 ...mek için, ...mek amacıyla
13% in an attempt to V1 ...mek için, ...mek amacıyla
I always keep fruit in the fridge in order to keep insects off it.
8% for the purpose of + Ving ...mek için, ...mek amacıyla
9% with the intention of + Ving ...mek için, ...mek amacıyla, …niyetiyle
3
15% with a view to + Ving ...mek için, ...mek amacıyla
These measures have been taken with a view to increasing the company's profits.

TEDBİR BAĞLAÇLARI

100% in case + SVO ...r diye, ...rsa diye

1
Take you umbrella with you in case it rains.
100% in case of + noun … durumunda, … halinde
2
The law will apply equally to men and women except in the case of maternity leave.
5% in that/which case zarf öyleyse, o takdirde, o halde
3
There's no coffee left? In that case I'll have tea.
10% just in case zarf ne olur ne olmaz
4
I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some just in case.
5% in any case zarf ne olursa olsun
5
I don't want to go and in any case, I haven't been invited.
10% in the event of + noun … durumunda, … halinde
6
In the event of a strike, the army will take over responsibility for firefighting.
9% lest + SVO … korkusuyla
7
They were afraid to complain about the noise lest they annoyed the neighbours.
10% for fear (that) + SVO ...r korkusuyla
8
They wouldn't let their cat outside for fear (that) it would get run over.
10% for fear of + noun ...ın korkusuyla
9
I didn't want to move for fear of waking her up.

134
 SEBEP BAĞLAÇLARI

100% because + SVO ...dığı için, ...den dolayı, çünkü

100% as* + SVO ...dığı için, ...den dolayı, çünkü
1
100% since* + SVO ...dığı için, ...den dolayı, çünkü
Patients were discharged from hospital because the beds were needed by other people.
100% for* transition çünkü
2
She remained silent, for her heart was broken.
100% now that + SVO ...dığı için
10% on grounds that + SVO ...dığı için, ...den dolayı
3 5% seeing (that) + SVO ...dığı için, ...den dolayı
5% seeing (as) + SVO ...dığı için, ...den dolayı
She's enjoying the job now that she's got more responsibility.
15% in that + SVO … bakımından
4
This research is important in that it confirms the link between aggression and alcohol.
100% because of + noun ...den dolayı, ...ın yüzünden
100% due to + noun ...den dolayı, ...ın yüzünden
100% owing to + noun ...den dolayı, ...ın yüzünden
5 20% on account of + noun ...den dolayı, ...ın yüzünden
100% as a result of + noun ...ın sonucu olarak
12% as a consequence of + noun ...ın sonucu olarak
The train was delayed because of bad weather.
60% thanks to + noun ...ın sayesinde
100% by means of + noun …aracılığıyla
21% with the help of + noun …ın yardımıyla
6
11% with the aid of + noun …ın yardımıyla
%100 through* + noun …ın vasıtasıyla, …ın aracılığıyla
It's thanks to Sandy that I heard about the job.

135
 SONUÇ BAĞLAÇLARI

100% therefore transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple

100% so* transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple

100% thus transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple

63% hence transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple

100% as a result transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple

16% as a consequence transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple

66% consequently transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple

1
8% that's why transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple

1% which’s why transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple

8% for this reason transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple

We were unable to get funding and therefore had to abandon the project.
They planned to reduce staff and thus to cut costs.
My knee started hurting so I stopped running.
I spent most of my money in the first week and consequently had very little to eat by the end of the
holiday.
10% thereby + Ving dolayısıyla
2 Diets that are high in saturated fat and cholesterol tend to clog up our arteries, thereby reducing the
blood flow to our hearts and brains.

136
 ZITLIK BAĞLAÇLARI
100% although + SVO ...se de, ...e rağmen, ama
100% though + SVO ...se de, ...e rağmen, ama
100% even though + SVO ...se de, ...e rağmen, ama
1
100% while* + SVO ...se de, ...e rağmen, ama
1% much as + SVO ...e rağmen
She walked home by herself although she knew that it was dangerous.
100% despite + noun ...e rağmen
83% in spite of + noun ...e rağmen
2
1% notwithstanding + noun ...e rağmen
I still enjoyed the week despite the weather.
100% but* transition ama, fakat, ancak

100% however* transition ancak

99% nevertheless transition yine de

6% nonetheless transition yine de

3
100% yet* transition ama, fakat, ancak

100% still* transition ama, fakat, ancak

90% even so transition yine de

It's a nice dress, but it creases very easily.

6% on the contrary transition bilakis, tam tersi
4
"Didn't you find the film exciting?" "On the contrary, I nearly fell asleep half way through it!"
(on the one hand) …
6% transition bir taraftan/yandan … öte taraftan/yandan …
on the other hand
5
On the one hand I'd like a job which pays more, but on the other hand I enjoy the work I'm doing at
the moment.
100% however* + SVO her ne kadar … olsa da
6
However hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off a whole pizza.
1% as* (sıfat/zarf) + SVO her ne kadar … olsa da
7
Angry as he was, he couldn't help smiling.

137
 KARŞILAŞTIRMA - ZITLIK BAĞLAÇLARI

100% whereas + SVO halbuki, oysa, ama, ...iken

1
He must be about sixty, whereas his wife looks about thirty.
100% while* + SVO halbuki, oysa, ama, ...iken
2
You eat a massive plate of food for lunch, while I have just a sandwich.
10% in contrast to/with + noun ...nın aksine, ...e zıt olarak
3
The amount spent on defence is in contrast to that spent on housing and health.
100% unlike + noun ...ın aksine, ...ın zıttına, ...den farklı olarak
4
I really enjoyed the film - it was unlike anything I'd seen before.
83% contrary to + noun ...ın aksine
5
Contrary to all our expectations, he's found a well-paid job and a nice girlfriend.
3% conversely transition aksine, zıttına

6% in/by contrast transition aksine, zıttına

6 3% contrarily transition aksine, zıttına

3% to the contrary transition aksine, zıttına

For a long time it was thought to be a harmless substance, but we now have proof to the contrary.

KARŞILAŞTIRMA - BENZERLİK BAĞLAÇLARI

9% likewise zarf benzer şekilde
1
Just water these plants twice a week, and likewise the ones in the bedroom.
56% similarly transition benzer şekilde
2
Cars must stop at red traffic lights: similarly, bicycles should stop too.
100% similar to + noun ...e benzer
3
I bought some new shoes which are very similar to a pair I had before.
100% the same … (as) + noun … ile aynı
4
She was wearing exactly the same dress as I was.
100% just as … (so) … + SVO tıpkı … gibi
5
He got divorced, just as his parents had done years before.
90% compared to/with + noun … ile karşılaştırıldığında
90% when compared to/with + noun … ile karşılaştırıldığında
7 90% as compared to/with + noun … ile karşılaştırıldığında
90% in/by comparison with + noun … ile karşılaştırıldığında
I thought myself very sophisticated compared with my relatives in the country.
100% like* + noun ...nın gibi
8
The blackbird, like most birds, breeds in the spring.
100% as* + SVO / N ...gibi
9
As with his earlier movies, the special effects in his latest film are brilliant.

138
 EKLEME BAĞLAÇLARI

100% moreover transition ve ayrıca, dahası, buna ek olarak

100% in addition transition ve ayrıca, dahası, buna ek olarak

29% furthermore transition ve ayrıca, dahası, buna ek olarak

100% also transition ve ayrıca, dahası, buna ek olarak

1 63% besides transition ve ayrıca, dahası, buna ek olarak

10% additionally transition ve ayrıca, dahası, buna ek olarak

5% what's more transition ve ayrıca, dahası, buna ek olarak

The whole report is badly written. Moreover, it's inaccurate.
I suggest we use Barkers as our main suppliers - they're good and furthermore they're cheap.
63% besides + noun ...e ek olarak, ...ın yanı sıra, ve ayrıca
100% in addition to + noun ...e ek olarak, ...ın yanı sıra, ve ayrıca
100% as well as + noun ...e ek olarak, ...ın yanı sıra, ve ayrıca
2
70% along with + noun ...e ek olarak, ...ın yanı sıra, ve ayrıca
I want to visit Andrew as well as Martin.
Do you play any other sports besides football and basketball?

ÖRNEK VEREN BAĞLAÇLAR

100% for example transition örneğin, mesela, söz gelimi

100% for instance transition örneğin, mesela, söz gelimi

1 10% to illustrate transition örneğin, mesela, söz gelimi

3% to exemplify transition örneğin, mesela, söz gelimi

Offices can easily become more environmentally-friendly by, for example, using recycled paper.
%1 e.g. (exempli gratia) + noun örneğin, mesela, söz gelimi
2
You should eat more food that contains a lot of fibre, e.g. fruit, vegetables and bread.
100% such as + noun gibi, mesela
3
That sum of money is to cover costs such as travel and accommodation.

139
 İKİLİ BAĞLAÇLAR
88% neither … nor … + SVO / N ne … ne de …
1
Neither my mother nor my father went to university.
98% either … or … + SVO / N ya … ya da …
2
We can either eat now or after the show - it's up to you.
100% whether … or … + SVO / N ister .. ister ….
3
Someone's got to tell her, whether it's you or me.
100% both … and … + SVO / N hem … hem de … / gerek … gerek …
4
Both men and women have complained about the advertisement.
100% not only … but also … + SVO / N sadece … değil ayrıca...
5
Not only men but also women have complained about the advertisement.
100% not … but … + SVO / N … değil …
6
This is not caused by evil, but by simple ignorance.
2% no sooner … than … + SVO tam … ki … / -mesi ile … mesi bir oldu
7
No sooner had I started mowing the lawn than it started raining.
2% hardly … when … + SVO tam … ki …/ -mesi ile … mesi bir oldu
2% barely … when … + SVO tam … ki …/ -mesi ile … mesi bir oldu
8
2% scarcely … when … + SVO tam … ki …/ -mesi ile … mesi bir oldu
Hardly / Barely / Scarcely had I phoned her when she came in.
95% from … to/until/till … + noun …dan …e
9
The museum is open from 9.30 to 6.00 Tuesday to Sunday.
5% from … on / onwards + noun …den itibaren
10
From that day on, she vowed never to trust him again.
100% the same … (as)
11
She was wearing exactly the same dress as I was.
100% just as … (so) …
12
He got divorced, just as his parents had done years before.
100% as … as … noun … kadar …
13
I don't think he's been watering these plants - the soil is as dry as a bone.
20% so … as … noun … kadar …
14
It's not so good as it used to be.
100% more than (more…than …) noun ...den fazla
15
More people live in the capital than in the whole of the rest of the country.
100% less than (less…than…) noun ...den az
16
I eat less chocolate and fewer biscuits than I used to.
20% the more… the more… + SVO ne kadar … o kadar …
17
The more he insisted he was innocent, the less they seemed to believe him.
100% so … that … + SVO o kadar … ki …
18
I'm so tired that I could sleep in this chair!
100% such … that … + SVO o kadar … ki …
19
I'd put on such a lot of weight that I couldn't get into my trousers.

140
 MİKTAR & SAYISAL İFADELERİ NİTELEYEN ZARFLAR
100% more than zarf ...den fazla
100% over zarf üzerinde
1
22% in excess of + noun ...den fazla
More than 20 000 demonstrators crowded into the square.
100% less than zarf ...den az
3 100% under zarf altında
The students accomplished the task in less than ten minutes.
100% almost zarf neredeyse
100% nearly zarf neredeyse
3 63% virtually zarf neredeyse
13% practically zarf neredeyse
Almost all the passengers on the ferry were French.
100% at least zarf en az
4 10% at most zarf en çok, olsa olsa
It will cost at least $100.
15% more or less zarf aşağı yukarı
100% about* zarf yaklaşık
100% around* zarf yaklaşık, civarında
61% roughly zarf kabaca, yaklaşık
29% approximately zarf yaklaşık
5
3% give or take zarf aşağı yukarı
1% pretty well zarf yaklaşık
13% estimated zarf tahmini
100% some* zarf yaklaşık
The job will take approximately three weeks, and cost approximately £1000.
2% or so zarf yaklaşık
6
They raised two hundred pounds or so for charity.
100% as…as… zarf kadar
7
The car consumes as much as 10 litres of fuel for every 100 miles
10% up to zarf ...e varan, ...e kadar
8 10% down to zarf ...e kadar
Up to two hundred people were on board the ship.
100% only zarf sadece
9 100% just* zarf sadece
These shoes only cost £20.
100% exactly zarf tam olarak
10 100% precisely zarf tam olarak
The journey took exactly three hours.

141
 SIFATLARI PEKİŞTİREN ZARFLAR
1 100% rather zarf oldukça [rather difficult]
2 100% quite zarf oldukça [quite late]
3 36% somewhat zarf biraz [somewhat confident]
4 70% slightly zarf biraz [slightly upset]
5 100% highly zarf oldukça [highly profitable]
6 88% fairly zarf oldukça [fairly new]
7 34% pretty zarf oldukça [pretty sure]
8 100% considerably zarf epey, bir hayli [considerably cheaper]
9 100% relatively zarf nispeten [relatively recent]
10 60% comparatively zarf nispeten [comparatively tall]
11 2% sort of zarf bir nevi [sort of cheap]
12 5% reasonably zarf epey [reasonably happy]
13 100% extremely zarf son derece [extremely difficult]
14 100% completely zarf tamamen [completely broke]
15 100% totally zarf tamamen [totally unacceptable]
16 100% entirely zarf tamamen [entirely happy]
17 100% absolutely zarf kesinlikle [absolutely right]
18 100% fully zarf tamamen [fully aware]
19 20% utterly zarf tamamen [utterly different]
20 100% really zarf gerçekten [really awesome]
21 65% truly zarf gerçekten [truly global]
22 100% most* zarf çok [most likely]
23 100% very zarf çok [very sad]
24 100% so* zarf çok, öyle [so happy]

DE, DA BAĞLACI
100% too zarf de, da
1 100% as well zarf de, da
"I hope they stay together." "I hope so too."
100% either zarf de, da
2
"I've never been to the States." "I haven't either."
88% neither zarf de, da
3
If she doesn't agree to the plan, neither will Tom.
74% nor zarf de, da
4
"I've never been to Iceland." "Nor have I."
100% so zarf de, da
5
Neil left just after midnight and so did Roz.
100% also zarf ayrıca, de, da
6
I'm cold, and I'm also hungry and tired.

142
 İLE İLGİLİ ANLAMINA GELEBİLECEK İFADELER
1 100% about + noun … ile ilgili, ...ın hakkında, ...e dair, hususunda
2 80% with/in regard to + noun … ile ilgili, ...ın hakkında, ...e dair, hususunda
3 100% concerning + noun … ile ilgili, ...ın hakkında, ...e dair, hususunda
4 48% regarding + noun … ile ilgili, ...ın hakkında, ...e dair, hususunda
5 46% in connection with + noun … ile bağlantılı olarak
6 100% as regards + noun … ile ilgili, ...ın hakkında, ...e dair, hususunda
7 8% pertaining to + noun … ile ilgili, ...ın hakkında, ...e dair, hususunda
8 16% as to + noun ...e dair, ...e ilişkin olarak
9 9% with respect to + noun … ile ilgili, ...ın hakkında, ...e dair, hususunda
10 7% in respect of + noun … ile ilgili, ...ın hakkında, ...e dair, hususunda
11 13% with reference to + noun … ile ilgili, ...ın hakkında, ...e dair, hususunda
12 12% in/with relation to + noun … ile ilgili, ...ın hakkında, ...e dair, hususunda
13 12% in association with + noun … ile bağlantılı, ile ilişkili
a film about the Spanish Civil War
There is no problem as regards the financial arrangements.
There's no decision as to when the work might start.
We are only interested in the parts of the proposals pertaining to local issues.
She used the map to discover where she was in relation to her surroundings.

BAŞLARDA & SONUNDA ANLAMINDAKİ ZARFLAR

1 6% at first zarf başta, başlarda, başlangıçta
2 3% firstly zarf başta, başlarda, başlangıçta
3 31% initially zarf başta, başlarda, başlangıçta
4 10% at/in the beginning zarf başta, başlarda, başlangıçta
5 2% in the first place zarf en baştan, ilkin
6 1% first and fore most zarf en başta
At first I thought he was joking but then I realized he meant it.
The damage was far more serious than initially believed.
7 4% lastly zarf sonunda, son olarak
8 100% finally zarf sonunda, son olarak
9 88% eventually zarf sonunda, son olarak
10 4% at last zarf sonunda, son olarak
11 38% ultimately zarf sonunda, son olarak
12 10% in the end zarf sonunda
Although she had been ill for a long time, it still came as a shock when she eventually died.
I've finished my essay at last!

143
 DİĞER BAĞLAÇLAR

100% even zarf bile, hatta

1
It's a very difficult job - it might even take a year to finish it.
100% only zarf sadece, ancak
2
I was only trying to help.
100% the only zarf tek
3
Rita was the only person to complain.
100% just* zarf sadece, sırf
4
It was just a joke.
100% certain* zarf bazı, kimi, belli başlı
100% particular* zarf bazı, kimi, belli başlı
5
10% given zarf bazı, kimi, belli başlı
We have certain reasons for our decision, which have to remain confidential.
100% too* + (to V1) zarf (…meyecek kadar) çok
6
It's too difficult for me to explain.
100% enough + (to V1) zarf yeterince
7
He's tall enough to change the bulb without getting on a chair.
100% such* zarf böyle, bu tür
8
Such small companies are very vulnerable in a recession.
100% and transition ve
9
Your shoes will be repaired and ready for you to collect on Thursday.
100% or* transition veya, ya da
10
You can pay now or when you come back to pick up the paint.
74% nor* transition ne de
11
I can't be at the meeting and nor can Andrew.
100% instead of + noun ...ın yerine
12 90% in place of + noun ...ın yerine
You waste a lot of water by having a bath instead of a shower.
100% instead transition bunun yerine, onun yerine
13
I'm going to drop yoga; instead I will do aerobics.
100% rather than + noun ...den ziyade
14
I think I'd like to stay at home this evening rather than go out.
58% at all zarf hiç de, hiç mi hiç
15 58% whatsoever zarf hiç de, hiç mi hiç
I'm afraid I've got nothing at all to say.
100% according to + noun ...e göre
16 Students are all put in different groups according to their ability.
According to these documents, you still owe us £2,000.

144
 39% accordingly zarf ona göre, öyle, … uygun şekilde
17
When we receive your instructions we will act accordingly.
26% in accord with + noun ...ile uyum içinde, ...e uygun olarak
30% in accordance with + noun ...ile uyum içinde, ...e uygun olarak
18
10% in line with + noun …ile uyumlu olarak
In accordance with her wishes, she was buried in France.
100% indeed transition açıkçası, işin aslı, gerçekte, aslında

100% in fact transition açıkçası, işin aslı, gerçekte, aslında

19 100% actually transition açıkçası, işin aslı, gerçekte, aslında

10% as a matter of fact transition açıkçası, işin aslı, gerçekte, aslında

No I don't work. In fact, I've never had a job.

23% fortunately zarf neyse ki
20 12% luckily zarf neyse ki
Fortunately, we got home before it started to rain.
100% unfortunately zarf maalesef ki
21 1% alas zarf maalesef ki
Unfortunately, I didn't have my credit card with me or I'd certainly have bought it.
90% as far as + SVO ...dığı kadarıyla, ...e göre
22 40% so far as + SVO ...dığı kadarıyla, ...e göre
As far as unemployment's concerned, a change of government would be a good idea.
15% in particular zarf özellikle
100% especially zarf özellikle
23 100% particularly zarf özellikle
19% notably zarf özellikle
They invited her to speak especially because of her experience in inner cities.
10% by far zarf gelmiş geçmiş, açık arayla
24
Einstein is by far the greatest scientists of all time.
100% including + noun dahil
25
Eight people, including two children, were injured in the explosion.
3% excluding + noun …hariç
100% except for + noun … hariç, ...ın dışında, ...den başka
10% except that + SVO … hariç, ...ın dışında, ...den başka
3% excepting + noun … hariç, ...ın dışında, ...den başka
26 31% with the exception of + noun … hariç, ...ın dışında, ...den başka
13% other than + noun … hariç, ...ın dışında, ...den başka
43% apart from + noun ...den başka, ...den gayri
Everyone was there except for Sally.
I like all kinds of films with the exception of horror films.

145
 10% that is transition yani, başka bir deyişle

10% in other words transition yani, başka bir deyişle

27 10% namely transition yani, başka bir deyişle

5% that's to say transition yani, başka bir deyişle

Our friends, that is to say our son's friends, will meet us at the airport.
23% regardless of + noun ...e bakmayarak/umursamayarak
3% irrespective of + noun ...i aldırmaksızın
28
60% no matter + noun her … (olursa olsun) / (fark etmez)
The plan for a new office tower went ahead regardless of local opposition.
100% just* zarf az önce, yeni
29
They've just come back from Amsterdam.
100% already zarf zaten, çoktan
30
I asked him to come to the exhibition but he'd already seen it.
100% yet* zarf henüz
31 10% as yet zarf henüz
The details of the contract have not been settled yet.
100% so* zarf öyle, böyle
32
"Do you think he's upset?" "I don't think so."
100% not* zarf öyle, böyle
33
Do you think he's upset?" "I think not."
100% then* zarf o zaman, öyleyse
34
You'll be selling your house, then?
15% on behalf of + noun ...ın adına, ...i temsilen
35 7% in the name of + noun ...ın adına, ...ın namına
On behalf of the entire company, I would like to thank you for all your work.
32% as a means of + noun … aracı olarak
36
widespread use of mobile phones as a means of communication
11% in the hope of/that +SVO / N …ın umuduyla
37
I didn't phone till four o'clock in the hope that you'd be finished
43% in terms of + noun …açısından
38
In terms of money, I was better off in my last job
100% once* zarf bir kez
39
We have lunch together once a month.
1% inasmuch as + SVO ...dığı için, ...den dolayı
40
Inasmuch as you are their commanding officer, you are responsible for the behaviour of these men.
60% any more zarf artık daha fazla
60% no more zarf artık daha fazla
41
60% any longer zarf artık, bundan sonra
60% no longer zarf artık, bundan sonra

146
 I don't do yoga any more.
I do yoga no more.
12% as for + noun ...e gelince, ...i sorarsanız
42 12% when it comes to + noun söz konusu … olunca
As for Louise, well, who cares what she thinks.
1% as such zarf aslında, esasında, başlı başına
43
There wasn't much vegetarian food as such, although there were several different types of cheese.
1% the moment + SVO ...er...mez
1% the instant + SVO ...er...mez
1% the minute + SVO ...er...mez
44
1% the second + SVO ...er...mez
100% immediately + SVO ...er...mez; derhal
The moment I saw her, I understood something was wrong
4% on the brink of + noun ...ın eşiğinde
4% on the edge of + noun ...ın eşiğinde
5% on the verge of + noun ...ın eşiğinde
45
1% on the eve of + noun ...ın eşiğinde
3% at the point of + noun ...ın eşiğinde
Scientists are on the brink of a major new discovery.
100% how many zarf kaç tane (sayıyı sorar)
100% how much zarf ne kadar (miktarı/fiyatı sorar)
100% how long zarf ne kadar (süreyi sorar)
46
100% how far zarf ne kadar (mesafeyi sorar)
100% how often zarf ne kadar (sıklığı sorar)
How long are you going to be in the bathroom?
4% given that + SVO ...i düşünürsek
47
Given that he’s had six months to do this, he hasn't made much progress.
5% in view of + noun ...den ötürü, … göz önünde tutarak
48 54% considering + SVO / N … düşünüldüğünde, düşünürsek

Considering the weather, we got here quite quickly.

80% close to + noun ...e yakın
49
I hate people standing too close to me.
80% far from + noun ...den uzak
50
The situation is far from clear.
100% further zarf daha uzak, daha ileri; daha fazla
51
If you have any further problems do let me know.
4% plus + noun artı
52 1% minus + noun eksi
The rent will be £75 a week, plus gas and electricity.

147
 3% for short zarf kısaca, özetle
3% in short zarf kısaca, özetle
53 19% shortly zarf kısaca, özetle
8% briefly zarf kısaca, özetle
We chatted briefly about the weather.
5% assuming that + SVO farz edelim ki
54
Even assuming that smokers do see the health warnings, I doubt they'll take any notice.
30% ahead of + noun ...ın önünde, ...ın ilerisinde
55
Rick walked on ahead of us.
30% in the long/short run zarf uzun/kısa vadede
56 30% in the long/short term zarf uzun/kısa vadede
Taking this decision will cost us more in the short term, but will be beneficial in the long term.
5% at this rate zarf bu gidişle, böyle giderse
57
At this rate, we won't be home till midnight.
5% at any rate zarf hiç değilse, hiç olmazsa, en azından
58
Well, I'm not going home on foot, at any rate.
8% in return zarf buna karşılık, karşılığında
59
If you give him some money, he can do anything in return.
8% in return for + noun ...e karşılık olarak
8% in exchange for + noun ...ın karşılığında, ...e karşılık olarak
60
8% in response to + noun ...e cevaben, ...e karşılık
America helped the rebels in return for their promise to support democracy.
1% in turn zarf sırayla
61
Each of us collects the mail in turn.
21% in search of + noun ...ın peşinde
62 12% in pursuit of + noun ...ın peşinde
She was shot by a sniper when she went out in search of firewood.
1% by virtue of + noun ...ın yüzünden, ...den dolayı
63 1% by reason of + noun ...ın yüzünden, ...den dolayı
He's always asked to these occasions by reason of his position.
16% in favour of + noun ...ın lehine, ...ın çıkarına
64
The Council voted in favour of a £200 million housing development.
5% by the way zarf aklıma gelmişken, bu arada, haa
65
I had a great time last night. By the way, who cooked the chicken?
5% above all zarf en önemlisi
66
Above all, I'd like to thank my family.
25% after all zarf yine de (bir şeylere rağmen); ne de olsa
67
I do like her - after all, she is my sister.
68 8% for sure zarf muhakkak, kesinlikle

148
 I know for sure that I won't be able to go to the party.
15% in need of + noun ...e muhtaç
69
You just hope that the money goes to those who are most in need.
19% in opposition to + noun ...e karşı olarak
70
The unions are in opposition to the government over the issue of privatization.
5% in the manner of + noun ...ın tarzında
71
Her latest film is a suspense thriller very much in the manner of Hitchcock.
1% in the nick of time zarf son anda
72
We got there just in the nick of time.
26% in this way zarf bu şekilde, böylece
73
You must exercise regularly; only in this way you can lose weight.
100% of course zarf elbette, tabi ki
74
"Can you help me?" "Of course."
1% in the face of + noun ...in karşısında, ...in huzurunda
75
She left home in the face of strong opposition from her parents.
1% then again zarf üstelik, ayrıca
76
I like to travel but, then again, I'm very fond of my home.
1% for all + noun ...e rağmen
77
For all her qualifications, she's still useless at the job.
1% by right of + noun yetkisiyle, hakkıyla
78
She spoke first, by right of her position as director.
6% in the light of + noun ...ın ışığında
79 In the light of recent incidents, we are asking our customers to take particular care of their personal
belongings.
3% for one thing zarf evvela, bir kere, önce
80 "Why won't you come to New York with me?" "For one thing, I don't like flying, and for another, I
can't afford it."
10% for the sake of + noun ...in hatırı için
81
Their parents only stayed together for the sake of the children.
5% on the basis of + noun ...i temel alarak, e dayanarak
82
Decisions were often made on the basis of incorrect information.
1% in the wake of + noun ...ın ardından
83
Airport security was extra tight in the wake of yesterday's bomb attacks.

149
 BİRDEN FAZLA KULLANIM ALANI OLAN BAĞLAÇLAR

100% when + SVO ...dığında, ...dığı zaman, ...ınca

93% whenever + SVO her ne zaman...se
1
100% when RC relative clauseda
100% when NC noun clauseda
100% while + SVO ...iken
2 100% while + SVO ...se de, ...e rağmen, ama
100% while + SVO halbuki, oysa, ama, ...iken
100% as + SVO ...iken
100% as + SVO ...dıkça
3 100% as + SVO …dığı için
100% as + SVO / N …gibi

100% as + noun olarak (preposition kullanımı)

100% just as + SVO tam …...iken
4
100% just as … (so) … + SVO tıpkı … gibi
100% (and) then transition (ve) daha sonra

5 100% then zarf o zaman, o anda

100% then zarf o zaman, öyleyse
100% once + SVO ...den sonra, ...dığında
6 100% once zarf bir zamanlar
100% once zarf bir kez
100% since + SVO / N ...den beri, ...den bu yana

7 100% ever since + SVO / N ...den beri, ...den bu yana

100% since + SVO ...dığı için, ...den dolayı, çünkü

100% still zarf hâlâ
8
100% still transition ama, fakat, ancak

100% if + SVO (eğer) …...se

9
50% if + SVO (noun clause)...ıp …...ıpmadığını
100% for transition çünkü
10 100% for + noun … (süre)...dir
100% for + noun için (preposition olarak)
100% so transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple

100% so zarf çok, öyle

100% so zarf de, da
11 100% so transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple

100% so zarf öyle, böyle

100% so that + SVO ...mesi için, ...sın diye
100% so … that … + SVO o kadar … ki …

150
 100% but transition ama, fakat, ancak

12 5% but for + noun ...sız,siz; olmazsa, olmasaydı

100% not … but … + SVO / N … değil …

100% however transition ancak

13
100% however + SVO her ne kadar … olsa da
100% yet transition ama, fakat, ancak

14 100% yet zarf henüz

10% as yet zarf henüz
63% besides transition ve ayrıca, dahası, buna ek olarak
15
63% besides + noun ...e ek olarak, ...ın yanı sıra, ve ayrıca
100% also transition ve ayrıca, dahası, buna ek olarak
16
100% also zarf ayrıca, de, da
100% such zarf böyle, bu tür
17 100% such … that … + SVO o kadar … ki …
100% such as + noun gibi, mesela
100% too zarf (yapamayacak kadar) çok
18
100% too zarf de, da
100% about zarf yaklaşık
19
100% about + noun … ile ilgili, …ın hakkında, ...e dair, hususunda
100% just zarf sadece, sırf
20
100% just zarf az önce, yeni
100% only zarf sadece, ancak
21
100% the only zarf tek
88% neither … nor … + SVO / N ne … ne de …

22 74% nor transition ne de

74% nor zarf de, da

100% either zarf de, da
23
98% either … or … + SVO / N ya … ya da …

100% rather than + noun ...den ziyade

24
100% rather zarf oldukça

151
1. Emilio could not eat his desert ---- he 8. ---- you go to the beach, call your
had finished his dinner. brother.

A) until A) Because
B) before B) Although
C) as C) Before

2. ---- he claims that he is innocent, 9. ---- giving the money to my sister, I

everyone knows he is guilty. gave it to my cousins.

A) While A) Though
B) Now that B) Rather than
C) In order that C) Whereas

3. ---- you're here, I'm going to tell you a 10. ---- she calls me, I feel happy.
secret.
A) Whenever
A) Whereas B) Although
B) Now that C) While
C) In order that
11. ---- the test starts, you will not be able
4. ---- you like him personally, you have to to talk.
agree that he's done a lot for the
company. A) Whatever
B) Once
A) If only C) Because
B) Rather than
C) Whether or not 12. ---- he worked hard all year long, he
wasn’t able to buy his father an
5. ---- I prefer to live in an apartment, my expensive gift.
wife wants to buy a house.
A) Even though
A) Until B) Since
B) Whereas C) Because
C) Because
13. ---- he didn’t have much money, he
6. ---- I had seen that movie three times, I wasn’t able to buy his father an
watched it again. expensive gift.

A) Although A) Although
B) Whereas B) Because
C) Unless C) Even though

7. ---- you already know the answer, why 14. ---- he didn’t have much money, he was
are you asking me? still able to buy an expensive gift for his
father.
A) Although
B) Since A) Although
C) Whereas B) Unless
C) As long as

152
15. ---- he works hard all year long, he 22. I found ---- my homework ---- my
won’t be able to buy his father an textbook under my bed.
expensive gift.
A) both ... and
A) Since B) whether ... or
B) Once
C) Unless 23. I can’t decide ---- I should take French
next year ---- take Spanish.
16. ---- he worked hard all year long and
was able to earn a lot of money, he A) either ... or
bought his father a very expensive gift. B) whether ... or

A) Since 24. ---- my brother ---- my sister can go to

B) Although the game.
C) Though
A) Whether ... or
17. ---- spend a lot of money on a gift, he B) Neither … nor
made a present for his father.
25. ---- you clean your room ---- you will
A) Before stay home this weekend.
B) Rather than
C) If only A) Either … or
B) Neither … nor
18. ---- he buys his father an expensive gift,
he won’t buy anything for himself. 26. Marissa found ---- the shoes she had
lost ---- her favourite necklace.
A) Until
B) While A) neither ... nor
C) When B) not only ... but also

19. ---- he was shopping for an expensive 27. ---- we go to San Francisco ---- New
gift for his father, he realized he didn’t York for our holidays, I’ll be happy.
have any money.
A) Whether … or
A) While B) Either ... or
B) Unless
C) Even if 28. ---- did she do well on the math test, ----
she got an A on her social studies
20. ---- he bought an expensive gift for his report.
father, he felt tremendous joy.
A) Either … or
A) Till B) Not only ... but also
B) Unless
C) When 29. ---- I can go to the movies on Saturday, -
--- I can go to the mall.
21. ---- he buys his father an expensive gift,
he needs to make sure he has enough A) Either … or
money. B) Neither … nor

A) After
B) Before
C) Unless

153
30. Sorry, but I have ---- the money ---- the 38. She never helps anyone ---- having a lot
time to go shopping right now. of money.

A) neither … nor A) otherwise

B) either ... or B) in spite of
C) however
31. If I buy that dress, ---- I’ll have no lunch D) instead
money ---- no bus fare for the month.
39. You shouldn’t go out ---- it’s raining
A) neither ... nor heavily.
B) either … or
A) for
32. ---- my stereo ---- my laptop quit B) because
working last week. C) already
D) but
A) Both … and
B) Whether ... or
40. My mother ---- I went to the market for
33. ---- Chelsea ---- Miranda made the shopping.
basketball team, even though they
practiced hard. A) or
B) either
A) Either … or C) neither
B) Neither … nor D) and

34. ---- did Marcus fail math this year, ---- 41. Thomas was not telling the truth. ---- he
English. was shouting at me.

A) Not only … but also A) Provided

B) Both … and B) Although
C) Moreover
35. ---- being very rich, he never shows off., D) In order to

A) Other than 42. Please come on time, ---- we may miss

B) Instead the flight.
C) Despite
D) Otherwise A) otherwise
B) so
36. I am not feeling well, ----- I will come to C) therefore
the party. D) but

A) because 43. We should avoid oily food ---- be

B) since healthy.
C) however
D) unless A) finally
B) consequently
37. ---- I had my lunch, I didn’t miss Pizza. C) in order to
D) for
A) Although
B) Finally
C) Moreover
D) Already

154
44. I will give you my car ---- you come 50. Radha knows French; ----, we have
back before 5’o clock. selected her to head our operations in
France.
A) as
B) although A) therefore
C) because B) moreover
D) provided C) otherwise
D) provided

45. ---- my mother was sleeping, I prepared

tea on my own. 51. Mohan worked very sincerely and was -
--- promoted.
A) As
B) Besides A) although
C) Unless B) besides
D) Despite C) consequently

46. He was satisfied ---- not overjoyed. 52. ---- my family, I will also invite my close
friends on my anniversary.
A) yet
B) as A) Besides
C) but B) Despite
D) still C) In spite of

47. ---- his sister, he is very naughty. 53. I will never go to that restaurant again --
-- I live.
A) Likely
B) Unlike A) if
C) Similar B) as long as
D) Differently C) when

48. After months of studying hard, Meeta --- 54. ---- Jose needs help, he calls his two
- cleared IAS examination. brothers.

A) initially A) Because
B) consequently B) However
C) therefore C) Whenever
D) finally
55. ---- Sheldon works for the post office,
49. ---- it is very cold there, we have he never works Sundays.
postponed our visit.
A) Because
A) Since B) Once
B) Due to C) For example
C) Yet
D) Because of 56. I would rather read a book ---- watch a
stupid television program.

A) in order to
B) than
C) though

155
57. ---- Roger goes to Miami, he will buy a 64. I have prepared a summary chart ----
new bathing suit. you can understand conjunctions
better.
A) Unless
B) Although A) so that
C) Before B) as of
C) in case
58. ---- travellers have time to pass through
security, it is recommended that they 65. ---- he was driving to work yesterday,
arrive two hours before their flight. Jason got a ticket for speeding.

A) So as to A) Despite
B) In order that B) As
C) In case C) Unless

59. I will not go out with you ---- you 66. ---- you had called me, I could have
promise not to smoke. helped you.

A) after A) Once
B) since B) If only
C) unless C) After

60. ---- Maria is an avid jogger, her sister 67. ---- Henry has a job, he can pay his
Julia prefers just to sit on the couch. share of the rent.

A) Just as A) Now that

B) While B) Although
C) Until C) As long as

61. Bill will not pay $500 for a suit ---- he 68. David walks around ---- he is the
can certainly afford it. president of the company.

A) though A) therefore
B) because B) just as
C) thus C) as if

62. ---- Juan is a very hard worker, his 69. Mr. Horner thought the plan was
brother Luis is very lazy. dangerous; he agreed, ----, to join the
group of rescue workers.
A) Just as
B) Whereas A) however
C) Similarly B) already
C) just as
63. ---- Samantha moved to Boston, she
has been very happy. 70. The man’s fingerprints were found on
the buried murder weapon; ----, the
A) When suspect’s own dog dug it up.
B) If
C) Since A) but
B) as
C) furthermore

156
71. I would not see that movie ---- you gave 79. I cannot go to that expensive restaurant
me $100. ---- you pay.

A) that A) in case
B) even if B) whereby
C) so C) unless

72. ---- it is raining so hard, the game was 80. Leslie always drinks a cup of hot
cancelled. chocolate to relax her ---- she goes to
sleep.
A) Though
B) Provided A) before
C) Because B) whereas
C) prior to
73. ---- Sam was driving to school
yesterday, he saw an accident. 81. Jane didn't want to fail the test; ----, she
studied many hours.
A) After
B) Before A) therefore
C) While B) however
C) because
74. I will love you ---- the end of time.
82. Cathy wanted to go to a movie; ----, the
A) until rest of the family wanted to stay home
B) when and watch television.
C) since
A) when
75. ---- he is the manager’s son, he might B) if
still be fired because his work is so C) however
bad.
83. Children must get their polio vaccines; -
A) As ---, they may have the crippling disease.
B) Even though
C) Because A) rather
B) otherwise
76. ---- you need help, just call me. C) for example

A) As far as 84. The quarterback refused to practice; ----

B) Though , the team lost the game.
C) If
A) therefore
77. ---- Hank gets settled in, we will visit B) unless
him. C) because

A) Such as 85. The desert is a natural environment for

B) So that the ostrich, ---- it becomes a
C) Once comfortable home for this bird.

78. I would like to drive ---- take the bus. A) while

B) yet
A) in order to C) and
B) rather than
C) so that

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86. She washed the sheets and towel; ----, 93. ---- being the better team, we lost the
she scrubbed the bathroom floor. match.

A) for instance A) Although

B) moreover B) However
C) other than C) Despite

87. Tim had not read his assignment; ----, 94. ---- his injury, the boy desperately
he did not want the teacher to call on wanted to play for his team in the finals.
him.
A) As well as
A) thus B) Despite
B) or C) Although
C) by the time
95. ---- Dad comes home from work he lies
88. ---- in the classroom, you need to keep down on the sofa because he is tired.
your voice down.
A) Unless
A) While B) Afterwards
B) During C) When
C) But
96. Honda makes cars ---- motorcycles.
89. The python is a desert dweller ---- it is
suited to the climate. A) in spite of
B) during
A) when C) as well as
B) as if
C) because 97. Dr. Jerome was outspoken and brutally
frank; ----, he had few friends.
90. For several years, the South could not
be beaten, ---- would it surrender. A) therefore
B) however
A) and C) yet
B) nor
C) but 98. ---- their species, camels have either
one hump or two.
91. Henry went to the shop ---- buy some
tomatoes. A) By way of
B) Following
A) rather than C) Depending on
B) in order to
C) as to 99. I will stay with you ---- hell freezes over.

92. ---- being a well-known politician, John A) while

Smith can also play the piano very well. B) as
C) till
A) Besides
B) Despite 100. My new puppy follows ---- I go.
C) Just as
A) however
B) wherever
C) as

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