LAB REPORT

EXPERIMENT
TITLE:

Recrystallization of Benzoic Acid

First name and last name

………………………………………..

Semester

Fall 2021

Date of the experiment

23/09/2021
Introduction:
Structure of the Benzoic acid:

Purpose of the Recrystallization:

 Purification of Impure Benzoic acid by Recrystallization.

 To calculate the percentage recovery

Principle:

The purpose of this experiment

is to purify Benzoic Acid by the
process of
recrystallization.
Recrystallization is one of the
best methods to purify a solid.
The solid used in
this experiment was impure
Benzoic Acid, which is a white
solid that has a reported melting
point range of 121-123C.
In this experiment purity of benzoic acid is determined by the process of recrystallization.
Impure benzoic acid is solubilized by dissolving it in suitable solvent. After that cooling is done
by using ice water bath. Then filtration is performed, and pure crystal of benzoic acid obtained.
This process works because different solvents have varied solubility characteristics.
Recrystallization starts with compounds dissolving the impure material in a hot solvent at a high
temperature, then slowly cooling the solution, vacuum filtration to isolate the produced crystals,
and finally vacuum drying the crystals.

The objective of the experiment

was to use
recrystallization to test the
purity by comparing the melting
points. The process of
recrystallization involves
dissolving an impure solid in a
hot solvent and then slowly
regenerating a pure solid via
crystallization
The objective of the experiment
was to use
recrystallization to test the
purity by comparing the melting
points. The process of
recrystallization involves
dissolving an impure solid in a
hot solvent and then slowly
regenerating a pure solid via
crystallization
The objective of the experiment
was to use
recrystallization to test the
purity by comparing the melting
points. The process of
recrystallization involves
dissolving an impure solid in a
hot solvent and then slowly
regenerating a pure solid via
crystallization
The purpose of this experiment
is to purify Benzoic Acid by the
process of
recrystallization.
Recrystallization is one of the
best methods to purify a solid.
The solid used in
this experiment was impure
Benzoic Acid, which is a white
solid that has a reported melting
point range of 121-123C.
The purpose of this experiment
is to purify Benzoic Acid by the
process of
recrystallization.
Recrystallization is one of the
best methods to purify a solid.
The solid used in
this experiment was impure
Benzoic Acid, which is a white
solid that has a reported melting
point range of 121-123C.
The purpose of this experiment
is to purify Benzoic Acid by the
process of
recrystallization.
Recrystallization is one of the
best methods to purify a solid.
The solid used in
this experiment was impure
Benzoic Acid, which is a white
solid that has a reported melting
point range of 121-123C.
The purpose of this experiment
is to purify Benzoic Acid by the
process of
recrystallization.
Recrystallization is one of the
best methods to purify a solid.
The solid used in
this experiment was impure
Benzoic Acid, which is a white
solid that has a reported melting
point range of 121-123C.
The purpose of this experiment
is to purify Benzoic Acid by the
process of
recrystallization.
Recrystallization is one of the
best methods to purify a solid.
The solid used in
this experiment was impure
Benzoic Acid, which is a white
solid that has a reported melting
point range of 121-123C.
The purpose of this experiment
is to purify Benzoic Acid by the
process of
recrystallization.
Recrystallization is one of the
best methods to purify a solid.
The solid used in
this experiment was impure
Benzoic Acid, which is a white
solid that has a reported melting
point range of 121-123C.
The purpose of this experiment
is to purify Benzoic Acid by the
process of
recrystallization.
Recrystallization is one of the
best methods to purify a solid.
The solid used in
this experiment was impure
Benzoic Acid, which is a white
solid that has a reported melting
point range of 121-123C.
The purpose of this experiment
is to purify Benzoic Acid by the
process of
recrystallization.
Recrystallization is one of the
best methods to purify a solid.
The solid used in
this experiment was impure
Benzoic Acid, which is a white
solid that has a reported melting
point range of 121-123C.
Theory:

There are two different types of impurities, one is more soluble in the given solvent, and one is
less soluble. Compounds are purified using a variety of processes, including distillation and
recrystallization for liquids and solids, respectively. The objective of the experiment was to use
recrystallization to test the purity by comparing the melting points. The process of
recrystallization involves dissolving an impure solid in a hot solvent and then slowly
regenerating a pure solid via crystallization. This process works because different compounds
have different solubility characteristics in different solvents. Recrystallization beings with
dissolving the impure solid in a hot solvent at a high temperature, which is then followed by very
slowly cooling the solution, isolating the formed crystals by vacuum filtration, and ends with
vacuum drying the crystals. A suitable solvent should also be taken into consideration when
purifying a compound; the solvent should not react with the compound and have a boiling point
below the melting point of the compound being purified. To determine if the obtained benzoic
acid solid has been purified, a melting point must be determined using a Mel-Temp apparatus.

EXPERIMENTAL:
Apparatus:
PROCEDURE:

 First of all, protective measures were taken

 Then measured the melting point of impure benzoic acid.
 Thiele tube was set up on a stand with the bend in the tube at a height just above the
Bunsen burner.
 Small amount of impure benzoic acid was added in capillary tube.
 Then capillary tube was put under a rubber band around the base of the thermometer and
placed the thermometer with the capillary tubes back into the oil of the Thiele tube with
the rubber band above the oil.
 Oil was heated using the Bunsen burner until the thermometer reads 50 °C and then
switch to heating the oil 1 °C minute by moving the burner back and forth under the bend
of the apparatus.
 A drop of liquid forming in capillary tube was observed from the samples; indicating the
start of melting.
 Melting point was recorded.
 Then 260 mg of impure Benzoic Acid was placed in a small Erlenmeyer flask.
 10 mL of distilled water was measured out in a graduated cylinder and placed into the
flask then and sat on the hot plate.
 10 mL of distilled water was placed into another flask, which was later used to transfer
the benzoic acid and sat on the hot plate as well.
 A large piece of filter paper was then placed in a glass funnel attached to a large flask.
Again, 10 mL of water was added to the large flask and sat on the hot plate. When
everything started to boil, the filtration apparatus was removed, and the Benzoic Acid
solution was immediately poured through it. About half of the other flask of hot water
was used to try to re-dissolve the Benzoic Acid and poured through the funnel once.
 Once the water filtrated through, the filter was rinsed one last time with the remaining hot
water. The funnel was removed and the flask with the solution was gently moved to the
bench to cool to room temperature.
  The solution was allowed to slowly cool to room temperature, then placed into the
previously prepared ice water bath to cool. While the solution was cooling in the ice
water bath, 10 mL of distilled water was also cooled.
 The vacuum filtration apparatus was set up while the solution cooled. After 15 minutes in
the ice water bath, the solution was taken out, the filter paper was moistened with water,
the solution was swirled and quickly poured into the funnel.
 The cool water set aside was used to get the remaining crystals out as the solution
precipitated. The vacuum was left on for 10 minutes for the crystals to dry out and the
amount recovered was measured and recorded.
 At the end again melting point of recrystallized benzoic acid was determined by using the
process above mentioned.

Hazard:
 Causes skin irritation
 Causes skin damage
 Causes damage to organ through prolonged and repeated exposure
 Hot plate can burn any part of body

Preventions
 Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eyes protection
 Do not breath dust, fumes, mist, vapours
 Do not eat or drink
 Wash thoroughly after handling

Data:
Initial mass of Benzoic acid 260 mg
Final mass(yield) of Benzoic acid 110 mg
Percentage yield 42.30 %
Melting point range of product ºC 121-124
Melting point range of Benzoic acid ºC 121-122

Calculations
% recovery = Final mass(yield) of Benzoic acid / Initial mass of Benzoic acid x 100

% recovery = 110 mg / 260 mg x 100

% recovery = 42 %

DISCUSSION:
Dissolving the initial benzoic acid in heated water should also allow most impurities to be
dissolved into the solution as well and to be vacuumed away during filtration. After cooling the
solution and allowing the crystalline solid to form, the crystals are washed to remove additional
impurities and allow those to be vacuumed away as well. After waiting one week for the yielded
product to dry, any remaining water should be evaporated, and a final mass of recrystallized
benzoic acid can be measured. In this experiment, the final mass was 110 mg. With an initial
mass
of 260 mg of benzoic acid, this equates to a 42% yield of purified product. Since the benzoic acid
is still somewhat soluble in water at 25 ˚C and even a small amount at 0 ˚C, there will be some
loss of product in the filtration step due to using water as the solvent.

The results are generally in line with expected outcomes. The process resulted in some mass loss,
although the purpose was to remove contaminants, which would explain for some of the loss.
Without testing the melting point range of the initial benzoic acid, we do not know for sure
if we have improved the purity. However, the range of the product is quite close to the actual
melting point of benzoic acid indicating a mostly pure product. Using water as the solvent also
explains some of the loss of mass that could not be accounted for by impurity removal.
REFERENCES
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320613936 Practical Organic Chemistry.

Sandeepa, K.; Ravi Kumar, K.; Neeharika, T. S. V. R.; Satyavathi, B.; Thella, P. K.
Solubility
Measurement and Thermodynamic Modeling of Benzoic Acid in Monosolvents and Binary
Mixtures. J. Chem. Eng. Data 2018, 63 (6), 2028–2037.

Setzer, William N. and Setzer, Mary C. Organic Chemistry; 2008.