SOLAR WEATHER STATION

A project work submitted

in partial fulfilment of the requirements

for the award Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

By
K.Mohithkumar (20L65A0208)

    CH.Venkata Mani Chandan (20L65A0217)

    S.SureshKrishna(20L65A0212)

M.Harika(20L65A0224)

           under the guidance of

M.L.V.KRISHNA PRASAD, M. Tech.,

Asst. Professor

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

CHAITANYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, VISAKHAPATNAM

(NBA and NAAC Accredited, Affiliated to J.N.T. University, Kakinada)

2022
This project report consists of 3 main chapters. The first chapter is "About the project", where
we will discuss about the aim of our project with a detailed block diagram and a circuit
diagram. Detailed Explanation is given in this chapter with explanation of the process
involved in our project. The second chapter consists of the Hardware and Software
specifications. A detailed explanation is given for each Hardware component we used in the
project along with all parameters. The software code which we use in our project is also
given in detail in this chapter, and the process of dumping the code and executing is also
discussed.

The Third chapter consists of Implementation. This chapter discusses 2 main components
under Implementation of our project.

1) Expected Result - A Detailed explanation is given about the result outcome of our
project.
2) 2) Time Line - Timely specification is given for each parameter like component
procrument, assembling, construction, working, error detection, final output &
Documentation.
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER-1 PGNO:
ABOUT PROJECT
1.1 Circuit diagram 2
1.2 Explanation 2
1.3parameters 2
CHAPTER-2
HARDWARE INVOLVED 3
2.1COMPONENTS USED 3
2.11 ESP32 Dev Kit V1- 30 Pins 3
2.12 TP4056   4
2.13 Barometric Pressure sensor BME280 5
2.14 Temperature Sensor - DS18B20 6
2.15 UV Index Sensor - GY1145 7
2.16 Lux Level Sensor - BH1750 8
2.17 Wind & Rain Sensor 9
2.18 TVS Diode 10
2.19 Solar Panel - 5V / 1.2Watt 11
2.20 18650 Battery 12

2.21 PCB  13
2.22 software and libraries used 14-16
CHAPTER-3
IMPLEMENTATION
3.1Expected Result 19
3.2Time line 19
3.2.1Components Procurements 19
3.2.2Components Assembling 19
3.2.3Outline Construction 19
3.2.4Error Detection 19
3.2.5Documentation 19
3.2.6Paper Publication 19
 CHAPTER – 1
ABOUT THE PROJECT
Aim
Today, data on localized weather, known as microclimates, is the new frontier for
more precise and accurate weather forecasting. As a result, the collection of weather data
is becoming increasingly smaller and gridded.
The weather predictions you get may not
be the most precise. This is where home weather stations become more advantageous.
This small weather station can provide accurate data regarding the weather parameters of
where you live..

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 1.1 Circuit diagram

The solar energy is converted into electrical energy through pv module,then it is given to

tp4056.and after that this energy is given to esp32 which will operate the entire station.. The
operating voltage of the ESP32 is 3.3V whereas the fully charged battery voltage is 4.2V. So
we have to step down the battery voltage from 4.2V to 3.3V, which can easily be done by a
linear voltage regulator but unfortunately, it is not at all recommended for this project.
Because all the linear regulators require an input voltage at least some minimum amount
higher than the desired output voltage. That minimum amount is called the dropout voltage.
Due to this reason when battery voltage drops to around 3.7V, the linear voltage regulator
will not able to maintain the voltage required voltage of 3.3v

1.3Parameters
Here in this project we have some of the parameters to calaculate using the
station and components:
1. Internal Temperature (BME280)
2. Humidity (BME280)
3. Barometric Pressure (BME280)
4. External Temperature (DS18B20)
5. Wind Speed ( Sparkfun Weather Meter )
6. Wind Direction ( Sparkfun Weather Meter )
7. Rain Gauge ( Sparkfun Weather Meter )
8. UV Index ( SI1145)
9. Lux Level ( BH1750 )

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 CHAPTER-2
HARDWARE INVOLVED
2.1COMPONENTS USED
ESP32 Dev Kit V1- 30 Pins

ESP32 is highly-integrated with in-built antenna switches, RF power amplifier, low-noise

receive amplifier, filters, and power management modules. ESP32 adds priceless
functionality and versatility to your applications with minimal Printed Circuit Board
(PCB) requirements.

The ESP32 chip comes with 48 pins with multiple functions. Not all pins are exposed in
all ESP32 development boards, and some pins cannot be used.
•No MOSFET, Sense Resistor or Blocking Diode Requir
• Complete Linear Charger in SOP-8 Package for Single Cell Lithium-Ion Batteries
•Constant-Current/Constant-Voltage
•Charges Single Cell Li-Ion Batteries Directly from USB Port
•Preset 4.2V Charge Voltage with 1.5% Accuracy
•Automatic Recharge
•two Charge Status Output Pins
•C/10 Charge Termination
•2.9V Trickle Charge Threshold (TP4056)
•Soft-Start Limits Inrush Current
•Available Radiator in 8-Lead SOP Package, the Radiator need connect GND or
impending
2.12 TP4056

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 The TP4056 is a complete constant-current/constant-voltage linear charger for single cell
lithium-ion batteries. Its SOP package and low external component count make the
TP4056 ideally suited for portable applications. Furthermore, the TP4056 can work
within USB and wall adapter..You can connect two lithium battery cells in parallel to
form an equivalent single cell battery with a total capacity of twice that of the individual
single cells, but we do not recommend connecting more than two cells at a time to this
module.

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

·Input Supply Voltage(VCC)：-0.3V～8V
·TEMP：-0.3V～10V
·CE：-0.3V～10V
·BAT Short-Circuit Duration：Continuous
·BAT Pin Current：1200mA
·PROG Pin Current：1200uA
·Maximum Junction Temperature：145℃ ·
Operating Ambient Temperature Range：-40 ℃～85℃ ·
Lead Temp.(Soldering, 10sec)：260℃

2.13 Barometric Pressure sensor BME280

Humidity sensor measuring relative humidity, barometric pressure and ambient temperature

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The BME280 is a humidity sensor especially developed for mobile applications and
wearables where size and low power consumption are key design parameters. The unit
combines high linearity and high accuracy sensors and is perfectly feasible for low current
consumption, long-term stability and high EMC robustness. The humidity sensor offers an
extremely fast response time and therefore supports performance requirements for emerging
applications such as context awareness, and high accuracy over a wide temperature range.
This precision sensor is the best low-cost sensing solution for measuring humidity with ±3%
accuracy, barometric pressure with ±1 hPa absolute accuracy, and temperature with ±1.0°C
accuracy.

Temperature Sensor - DS18B20

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DS18B20 temperature sensor is perfect for projects like weather stations and home
automation systems. Few sensors are this easy to set up on the Raspberry Pi. They’re the
same size as a transistor and use only one wire for the data signal. They’re also extremely
accurate and take measurements quickly. The only other component you need is a 4.7K Ohm
or 10K Ohm resistor The DS18B20 communicates with the “One-Wire” communication
protocol, a proprietary serial communication protocol that uses only one wire to transmit the
temperature readings to the microcontroller.The DS18B20 can be operated in what is known
as parasite power mode. Normally the DS18B20 needs three wires for operation: the Vcc,
ground, and data wires. In parasite mode, only the ground and data lines are used, and power
is supplied through the data

 -55°C to 125°C range

 3.0V to 5.0V operating voltage
 750 ms sampling
 0.5°C (9 bit); 0.25°C (10 bit); 0.125°C (11 bit); 0.0625°C (12 bit) resolution

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2.15 UV Index Sensor - GY1145
1145 is a new sensor with a calibrated UV sensing element that can calculate
the UV Index. It's a digital sensor that works over I2C so just about any
microcontroller can use it. The sensor also has visible and IR sensing
elements so you can measure just about any kind of light - but only the UV
sensor has a calibrated output so if you need precision Lux measurement
check out the TSL2561. If you're feeling really advanced, you can connect up
an IR LED to the LED pin and use the basic proximity sensor capability as
well. The SI1145 is a new sensor from SiLabs with a pre-calibrated UV
sensing element that can calculate UV Index. This has been kept outside a
couple days and compared the calculated UV index with the news-reported
index and found it was very accurate!

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 2.16 Lux Level Sensor - BH1750
BH1750FVI Is a Digital Light sensor , which is an digital Ambient Light Sensor IC for I2C
bus interface. This IC is the most suitable to obtain the ambient light data for adjusting LCD
and Keypad backlight power of Mobile phone. It is possible to detect wide range at High
resolution.( 1 - 65535 lx ).The BH1750 provides 16-bit  light measurements in lux, the SI
unit for measuring light making it easy to compare against other values like references
and measurements from other sensors. Able to measure from 0 to 65K+ lux the BH1750
With some calibration and advanced adjustment of the measurement time, it can even be
convinced to measure as much as 100,000 lux.Sensors tend to come in small packages
and the BH1750 is no different. Not much bigger than a grain of rice, this handy light
sensing friend needs some help to be used by folks experimenting and without the desire
or tools to work with surface mount parts…

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2.17 Wind & Rain Sensor

The wind/rain sensor comprises anmo meter and a rain sensor surface. The wind/rain
sensor can be activated by a change-over-contact. Measurement for wind: via wind wheel
m/s Measurement for rain: conductivity measurement on the heated sensor surface The
settings sensitivity and the delay are changeable. The settings for the for sensor, for the
wind trigger threshold, the activation delay, the drop out delay and the trip in the event of
a mains failure are made by a six pole DIP switch in…The sensor did have detection
issues in situations where there was very light drizzle or very light rain. More often than
not, however, it was quick to detect precipitation. The Tempest sensor suite isn't much
larger than your hand. The circuit used is often also known as a water detector or a water
sensor. It is typically used in detecting rain, detecting water level. The sensor works base
on the resistance of the water.

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2.18 TVS Diode

The device operates by shunting excess current when the induced voltage exceeds the avalanche
breakdown potential. It is a clamping device, suppressing all overvoltage above its breakdown
voltage. It automatically resets when the overvoltage goes away, but absorbs much more of the
transient energy internally than a similarly rated crowbar device. transient-voltage-suppression
diode may be either unidirectional or bidirectional. A unidirectional device operates as
a rectifier in the forward direction like any other avalanche diode, but is made and tested to
handle very large peak currents. A bidirectional transient-voltage-suppression diode can be
represented by two mutually opposing avalanche diodes in series with one another and
connected in parallel with the circuit to be protected. While this representation is
schematically accurate, physically the devices are now manufactured as a single component.
A transient-voltage-suppression diode can respond to over-voltages faster than other common
over-voltage protection components such as  or gas discharge tubes. The actual clamping
occurs in roughly one second, but in a practical circuit the inductance of the wires leading to
the device imposes a higher limit. This makes transient-voltage-suppression diodes useful for
protection against very fast and often damaging voltage transients. These fast over-voltage
transients are present on all distribution networks and can be caused by either internal or
external events, such as lightning or motor arcing…

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 2.19 Solar Panel - 5V / 1.2Watt

A solar cell panel, solar electric panel, photo-voltaic (PV) module or solar panel is an

assembly of photo voltaic cells mounted in a framework for generating energy. Solar panels
use sun light as a source of energy to generate direct current electricity A collection of PV
modules is called a PV panel, and a system of PV panels is called an array. Arrays of
a photovoltaic system supply solar electricity to A PV junction box is attached to the back of
the solar panel and functions as its output interface. External connections for most
photovoltaic modules use MC4 connectors to facilitate easy weatherproof connections to the
rest of the system. A USB power interface can also be used. Solar panels also use metal
frames consisting of racking components, brackets, reflector shapes, and troughs to better
support the panel structure…

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2.20 18650 Battery

To put that into perspective, to get the same voltage as one 18650, you'd need the
equivalent of 2.5 AA batteries attached end to end (okay, we know, obviously it's not
possible to have half a battery, but you get our gist). The 18650 battery has a voltage of
3.6v and has between 2600mAh and 3500mAh (mili-amp-hours). (Osborne, 2019) These
batteries are used in flashlights, laptops, electronics and even some electric cars…18650
Rechargeable Li-ion Battery: These are larger in diameter and in length than a standard
AA battery size. The 18650 Li-ion battery is an extremely popular battery source for
today's flashlights since the 18650 battery carries so much power. Most modern 18650
batteries have a typical cycle life of 300 - 500 (charge, discharge cycles). When in high-
amp or high-drain situations, this can decrease substantially to 200 cycles.

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PCB 

All of the components you added in the schematic should be there, stacked on top of each
other, ready to be placed and routed. Drag the components by grabbing on its pads. Then
place it inside the rectangular borderline. Arrange all the components in such a way that
the board occupies minimum space. The smaller the board size, the cheaper will be the
PCB manufacturing cost. It will be useful if this board has some mounting holes on it so
that it can be mounted in an enclosure. Now you have to route. Routing is the most fun
part of this entire process. It’s like solving a puzzle! Using the tracking tool we need to
connect all the components. You can use both the top and the bottom layer for avoiding
overlap between two different tracks and making the tracks shorter. You can use the Silk
layer to add text to the board. Also, we are able to insert an image file, so I add an image
of my website logo to be printed on the board. In the end, using the copper area tool, we
need to create the ground area of the PCB. Now the PCB is ready for manufacturing.
Once we are completed the PCB design we just need to click the “Gerber Output” button,
save the project and we will be able to download the Gerber files which are used to
manufacturing the PCB. After receiving the board from the PCB house, you have to
solder the components. For Soldering, you will need a decent Soldering Iron, Solder,
First I cut the straight male and female headers pin for ESP32 Board, TP4056, BME280,
and jumper JP1. Following are the details about the headers….

2.22 software and libraries used

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Install Libraries:
Before uploading the code install the following libraries
1. ESP32
2. Blynk
3. BME280
4. Adafruit_SI1145_Library
5. BH1750
6. One Wire
7. Dallas Temperature
First, create an account on Thing Speak.
Then create a new Channel on your Thing Speak account.
Find How to Create a New Channel Fill Field 1 as Temperature, Field 2 as Humidity, Field 3
Pressure, Field 4 as UV Index, Field 5 as Wind Speed, Field 6 as Wind Direction, Field 7 as
Rain Fall, and Field 8 as Battery Voltage.In your Thing Speak account select “Channel” and
then “My Channel”.
Click on your channel name.
Click on “API Keys” tab and copy the “Write API Key”
Open the Solar_Weather_ Station_Thing Speak code.
Replace the “WRITE API with the copied “Write API Key”.
Otherwise we can apply another procedure to this:

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Blynk is the most popular Internet of Things platform for connecting any hardware to the
cloud, designing apps to control them, and managing your deployed products at scale. With
Blynk Library you can connect over 400 hardware models including ESP8266, ESP32,
NodeMCU & Arduino to the Blynk Cloud.
Step-1: Download the Blynk app
1. For Android
2. For iPhone
Step-2: Get the Auth Token
In order to connect the Blynk App and your hardware, you need an Auth Token.
1. Create a new account in the Blynk App.
2. Press the QR icon on the top menu bar. Create a clone of this Project by scanning the QR
code shown above. Once it detected successfully, the whole project will be on your phone
immediately.
I've made the Sol Weather Station app. You are welcome to try it out!
To start using it:
1. Download Blynk App: http://j.mp/blynk_Android or http://j.mp/blynk_Android
2. Touch the QR-code icon and point the camera to the code below 3. Enjoy my app!
3. After the project was created, we will send you Auth Token over email.
4. Check your email inbox and find the Auth Token.
Step-3:PreparingArduinoIDEforWemosBoard
To upload the Arduino code to Wemos board, you have to follow this Instructables
Step-4:ArduinoSketch
After installing the above libraries, paste the Arduino code given below. Enter the auth code
from step-1,ssid, and password of your router. Then upload the code.

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Sno Name of The Amazon link cost
. Component

1 ESP32
https://www.amazon.in/REES52-Revision- Rs.1559/-
Bluetooth-Display-
Dev Kit
V1- 30
Pins

2 TP4056 . https://www.amazon.in/CentIoT-Continuously- Rs.331/-

Adjustable-Lithium-

3 Barometric . https://www.amazon.in/PRESSURE-Digital- Rs.699/-

Pressure Barometric-Pressure-
sensor
BME280

4 Temperature . https://www.amazon.in/Invento-DS18B20- Rs.350/-

Sensor - Waterproof-Temperature-
DS18B20 

5 UV Index https://www.amazon.in/ELECTROPRIME-
CJMCU-251-UVIS25-Digital-Sensor/
Rs.1690/-
Sensor -
GY1145

6 Lux Level . https://www.amazon.in/KAMSTEALTH- Rs.399/-

Sensor - INDUCTIVE-PROXIMITY-DISTANCE-
BH1750 

7  Wind & . https://www.amazon.in/GIANTE-Output- Rs.9241/-

Rain Aluminium-Sensor-Anemometer
Sensor 

8 TVS Diode https://www.amazon.in/ Rs.97/-

Shelfkey-P6KE10CA-DIODE-8-
55V-SK-

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9 Solar Panel - https://www.amazon.in/Loom- Rs.2910/-
5V / 1.2Watt Solar-Panel-watt-

10 18650 https://www.amazon.in/li-ion-Battery-2200mah-
inbuilt-
Rs.750/-
Battery

11 Iron rods Hardware store Rs.500/-

12 Iron nails Hardware store Rs.200/-

13 Wooden pole Timber depot Rs.700/-

14 Connecting Electrical store Rs.200/-

wires

15 Nipper https://www.amazon.in/Stanley- Rs.321/-

Therefore the estimated total budget is: Rs.20000

CHAPTER-3
3.1 EXPECTED RESULT

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Using this solar weather station we can calaculate some of the weather parameters.
Here for this we take solar energy as input and by using this energu only we will run the
entire station…But we will dump the software into the esp32 module so that we can
connect the wifi to it and can have the acces to watch the weather conditions in a
particular area…The total outcome of project will be completed and established as per
given Time line.

3.2 TIME LINE

All component is available in amazon which is given below as per particular time
duration, expected date for buying the components in the month of December 10th 2022

3.2.2 COMPONENTS ASSEMBLING

The outline construction will be done for the period of 2 weeks and will be completed by
January 22nd 2023

3.2.4 ERROR DETECTION

If any error occurs will be verified for the period of 1 week and will be completed by
January 30th 2023.

3.2.5 FINAIL RESULT

The final project will be complete and will be submitted on February 13 th 2023.

3.2.6 DOCUMENTATION
Documentation will be done on February 24th 2023.
3.2.7 PAPER PUBLICATION
After completion of project the paper publication will be done for the period of 2 weeks
and will be completed by March 8th 2023.

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