e Champion Ware didactic and ee aid - 60 Topics and writings for 2", 1°, T'® - 31 Relevant grammatical structures - 20 Linguistic functions - 171 Exercises with their Key answers | Quality certified Priced within the reach of everyone mendet La eC)Oviddelys . Pure Champion Akioré Oyédékpo Edlon Pure Champion Pedagogical, didactic and educational aid . 60 Topics and Writings of varied types and farms . 3 1 Grammatical Structurcs - 2 0 Linguistic Functions 171 rxercises with their Key answers ~ Designed for 2nde, tere, Tle, and advanced learners Quality certified Priced within the reach af everyone Second eilitiontheitilpo Pure Champion AI! rights reserved; no part of this publication may be orm or by any means, electrical Photocopying, recording, op reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any fi otherwise, without the prior permission of the author, ISBN: 978 -99919 2-860 .9 Phone numbers: 94158734/ 96701465 Email: edonandreaye@ gmail.com This paperback book is the property of: Given names and family names, Occupation:... Origin:Ovditélpo Pure Champion CONTENTS. Titles Paves Preface... 7 Dedication. 8 Acknow 9 Introduction... 10 Part One: SERIES OF WRITINGS, iB] 1-Sexually Transmitted Diseases 12 2-Health, 12 3-Village ti 3 4-Foo 3 $-Atthe hospital. 4 6-The cell phone. re) 7-Food consumption... 15 §-The role af the drum . 15 9-The ose OTE en lé 10-Televi 1G \1-Traditional trealmen 16 (2-Taking drugs and smoking \7 [3-Hygiene and health. Is [4-Classroon 18 15-Malaria 1s 16-A terrifyi 19 17-Balanced dict... 20 18-Describing the fores 20 19-Unwanted pregnancies. 2 20-Quitting schoo! 23 21-Food and health... 24 2-Protecting the fo a) 23-Girls at school ...-+. 25 24-The Internet 26 25-Youth dutie: 26 26-Rural exodus....sses5 27 27-Free educati 28 28-Racial segregation 29 29-Television versus Book, . 30 30-Family planning....... aD 31-Football 2Onidelpe 33-Gender equality... 34-Importance of farests 35-Alcohol 36-Malai 37-Anexempla 38-Cheating at school........ 39-Childten's rights. 40-Television viewing habits.. 41-Lifestyles and health, 42-Goho hospital......, 43-Hospital vocabulary 44-An adopted child... 45-Benin educational system 46-Drought,, 47-Flood.. 48-Black developmer 49-Environment... 51-The disabled and suceess, $2-Writing formal letter. 53-Parts of the body... 5 36-Education and development... 57-Skills analysis in written production. 58-Forest and environment, 5% Application lette 60-Deseribing best friend Part Two: TRUCTUR Parts Of speech... Auxiliary and modal verbs, Question words. Answering ques Ons. ‘treeular verbs chart... Conjugation of verb: Pure ChampionOyédélpo Pure Champion Infinitive... 87 Base form of the verb 87 Would - Used to 87 If clauses. a8 Negative and interrogative sentences,. 89 Active voice and passive voice... 90 Direct speech and reported specch : 91 Unless..... ‘ 94 Wish. . 95 Hardly — No sooner.. 7 Exclamatory sentences : 58 Question tags....... 100 Quantifiers .. {ol Either...or — Neither 103 Case of inversion. - 104 Word formation... . 105 Nobody = Anybody — No one — Anyane. 110 Time markers... it Whatever and however. 113 Although and despite. 14 Collective nouns: : Plural nouns... - . Us Articles ‘a’, “the 116 Expressing cause and consequence, sane eeennaes 118 Expressing advice. ....cccecceees 19 Expressing obligation 19 Asking and giving directions. 119 Expressing feelings and emotions... 20 Apolovizing....... Expressing gratitude. Making requests... Making suvgestions Expressing warnings, . xpressing prohibition pressing regret. Asking for assistance Expressing complaints, Expressing anger..-..-++ Binnie Seeatstonidbuegtseee 125Ovedelpo Pure Champion 123 124 ee " 124 Expressing interruption... 125 Asking about problem. 126 1217 128 128 xercises3-6 (Asking questions)... 128, Exercises?-9 (Regular and irregular vi 129 Exercise 10 (Conjugation) 130 Exercises! 1-19 (Tenses). 130 Exercises20-25 (Negative and i interrogative forms) 133 ercises26-30 (Active voice and Passive voice 134 reises31-38 (Direct speech and reported speech 135 Exercises39, 40 Cnless)- 138 Exercised] (Wish)... 139 Exercise42 (No sooner and 140 Exercise43 (Rephrasing)... 14] Exercisess4—45 (Exclamatory sentences), 4h Exercises46-50 (Tag questions)..... 142 Exercises5 1-55 (No/some/every/any (bod 14 Exercises56, 57 (Either, or, neither, nor). 45 Exercises$8-6] (Quanti 146 Exercises62-64 (Functions)... 148 Exercises65-67 (However, whatever and na @ matter 130 Exercises68, 69 (Despite and although) 152 Exercises70, 71 (Ward formation). 153 Exercises72-81 (Articles), 134 Exercises82-136 (Rephrasing). 136 Exercises137-171 (Topics on different theme V82 Key answers wi Interview: fered Conclusion 333 Bibliograph -Ovedelpa Pure Champion PREFACE This book by Mr Oyddékpo is of great importance to students and candidates to different supervised tests, examinations and competitions for secondary education. The book is divided into three parts. The first part is an inspiration to deal with writing, which is the second part of the examination, that is to say, the Disciplinary Competence No.3, of any English test proposed for examinations and competitions in the Republic of Benin. The general observation often made during the marking of the BEPC and Baccalaureate papers is that most of the applicants who do not meet the average for the English tests are these who do not address the whole subject of ‘writing’ and those who do it bul incorrectly. So the first part of this book. hich lakes an inventory record of the various topics which learners are subject to from Géme to Tle, is recommended for all Ieamers of the English tanguag especially those who want to improve their writing ability, The second part of the book deals with a few structures and funetions which are indispensable for any learner to contro! English as a native speaker and to communicate with a style totally free of ambiguity. Furthermore, it helps students to Prepare themselves for class tests as well as national and international ns and contests. Digestible, this second part perfectly harmonizes with the first part, especially for students who desire (o improve their communication book in the end deals with a series of exercises followed by their hey answers. It is Proposed on the one hand ta check how far the learners of English have mastered the structures, functions and “riling skills in English and on the other hand to prepare every Secondary school and university student for their examinations and contests But the book is not Only for the benefit of students. It is also recommended to the teachers of Shakespeare's language so £10 teach efficiently writing, structures and funetions 1+ required by the curriculum into force, Inspector Claude Dossa Tokpanou 74Ovditpo Pure Champion DEDICATION This book is dedicated to: -Mr. Patrice Ahovi, formerly English Teaching, Advisor and Headmaster, now retired, to whom I wish a good luck in his political career; -Mr. Georges Evegni alias “Baobab”, a qualified English Teacher and Headmaster, today retired, to whom I wish a long and happy retirement; -Prof. Patrice Akogbeto, formerly Head of E: Department at the University of Abomey-Calavi, still serving asa dignified and qualified professor at the same university: you are a good example for both young and old people in work and pramptness; mms of hard -Prof, Euloge Ovouwalé, a learned Geography teacher at the University of Abomey-Calavi: may this big but exceptionally- humble personality enjoy’ the peace of mind which is a gift from the nature,Ovédélpo Pure Champion ACKNOWLEDG MENTS [want to say thanks to my mather, sisters and brothers. Twant to say thank you to my wile and children: Fifamé Mayowa, Jovablo Féla, and Houggnon Ayessi. Twant to say hello to all English teachers. I want to say good job to every teacher. LT want to say hi to my friends. [want to thank all the actors of education. I want to ask for forgivensss to my enemies. [want to invite my detractors to overlook minor mistakes. Twant lo beg my offenders to consider tolerance. I want to ask crities to examine things carefully. I want to bless my sympathizers. I want lo salute my defenders. Twant to ask all those | have offended to have me excused. want to congratulate our Inspectors. I want to say well done to Teaching Advisors. T want to express my appreciation to Peace Corps Volunteers. Twant to wish good luck to students, J want to reiterate my desire to help students as far as possible, I want to swear my loyalty to Almighty God.pe Pure Champion INTRODUCTION This book named “Pure Champion” tackles English, fi rstas a language and then as a subject. English is a language in a sense that a lot of people use it to communicate meaningfully. English is also a school subject given that formal tests or contests are taken to check levels, thus determining success or failure of the learners and applicants, In short, “Pure Champion" become a champion ina real sense. The book is divided into three parts. The first part is entilled: “Series of Wri ings", This part reviews the essential themes from 6eme to Tle. It is designed to help notably senior secondary and advanced learners to acquire English naturally and Progressively and be capable of reasoning appropriately. The second part is entitled: “Structures and Functions", This part aims at helping the learners to improve their En the first hand and enhance the hand. The third partis entitled: can help you to sh on ir school performance on the other “Exercises and key answers". This part plans to help the learners to test themsely their communication ability Come on! Taste “P good effect today and fo "es and to improve Progressively, re Champion” and start to enjoy its rever,Oyeddlpo Pure Champion Part Two GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURES AND LINGUISTIC FUNCTIONS Grammatical structures and linguistic fictions are very important especially for people who want to be purists of a dangerous to start learning a In with language. It is very al rules serve to perfe grammatical niles Grat ct our and should thus oceur quite after acquiring communicative ability.fede Puce Chanipion > PARTS O rCH parts of speech talk about the building blocks of the laneuase E They are the different types of words, There exist nine (9) parts of ech: nouns: ver djective; determiner: adverb; Preposition; onjunction; and interjection, pronoun; soun: It activity. a quality ora feeling. word that refers to a person, a place, a thi an Oyédekpo, intelligence, work, schoo], Bohicon, tree, pork, The noun behaves in a sentence asa subject, an object or a complement and is usually followed by a ‘Our school is far from the cars Ségbe drank determiner. EF, It is a word that expresses an action, an event ora state. ish auxiliary verbs, modal verbs, regular and irregular Verbs, transitive and intransitive verbs, E.g.: to eat, to exist, to have, to occur, to happen, to do. to die, to suffer, to work. Ea.: good, wise, J-Adjeetive: It is a word that describes a noun. disciplined, studious, dangerous, bad, wrong, black, inte nice, rude, wide, Adjective is placed befere the noun. When there ate many of them they follow this order: General, Size, Age, Colour, Participle, Origin, Maverial. \t is not easy to team the tight order of adjectives by heart; hence we can use this acronym (0 simplify things: GSACPOM. 4-Determiner: It is a word that comes before a noun to show how the noun is being used. Fuge: the, a, some, my, his, this S-Adverh: It is a word that adds more information to a ver another adverb or an adjective. Eyg.: too, enough, never, often. Much, dangerously, very, kindly, always, severely, oan interesting] regularly, well, hard, surprisingly, successfully. i W place, ion: It is a word used before a noun © sh at, in, out, in front af, behind. sting, by, Prepac Position, time or method. Ege fer “Under. on, Up, upon, from, of, with, by. without, aremus [his a Veron phrase, There are dilteren following Ovo tables: Personal | Personal | pronouns = | pronouns subjects { objects Passessive pronouns Pure Champ, : {that is used instead of 9 noun of noun ord t kinds of pronouns as shown jn the Reflexive Pronouns | Me | Mine Myself _| You [You Yours Yourself’ ‘He | Him His Himself’ She | Her Hers Herself 1h rk [hts itsely | “One [One LOnes Oneself We Us | Ours Ourselves You [vou Yours Yourselves | They (Them Theirs Themselves - Indefinite Interrogative Demonstr: Definite i Pronouns Pronouns Pronouns Pronouns | Noone What This All Nobody | Who ~ [i Each LAnybody | Whom hese Both Whose Which When Where Whoever Whatever Whereve r Everybody | Nothing }iauthing None [Something | Some Lverye| ‘Those Whichever | oot] A-Conjonction: It is a word that joins words, Sentences. It is alsa called connective because of on Other [er | Each other One another Phrases oF ILS role orPure Champion function. Page and, or, despite, who, which, although, in spite of, nevertheless, however, bul, hence, thus, because, so. erjection: It is as nd ace. geluterjectiv t short sound, word or phrase spoken suddenly to express nn emotion. Ry: Oh! Hey! Watch out! Listen! NOTE Land 2 ford > AUXILIARI The: do” which are used with main verbs to show tense and to form questions and negatives. E LOT BS are verbs such as ‘to be’, ‘to have’ and ‘to -Auviliarie Did you see the man? | got the answer. She was helping her mother with the kitchen, 2-Modal_verhs: They are used with other verbs to express possibility, permission, advice, intention, etc, The miodal verbs are can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, ought to, must, have to, dare and used to. E. [ will see you tomorrow. It may rain. Students should work hard, Fela and Mayowa ought to let their father know what is going on and what is wrong with them. Modal verbs have only onc form, They don’t have -ing form nor - ed form and we don't add ‘s’ to the third person singular form. E.p.: N’po would intervene. The Vice Principal might speak harshly. The modal verbs are followed by the verb base (infinitive Without to). Questions are formed with modal verbs at the beginning of the sentences. F.g.; Could you help me? Can your sister do the homework herself? Negative sentences are formed with modal + not / n't, Eag.: We could not welcome such a proposal. Adouké won't agree with you. NOTE . . OL JESTION WORDS. . ne They are words used to ask questions, Fag: what, where, when, whe, whom, which, whose, why, how, haw often, how Jong, how old, how many, how much, how fer, how high, how tall, and how deep. T-What: It is used to ask for particular information about somebody or something. E.g. What did you say? What has he offered you? What is your father’s name? W 2-Whe hat is the place like? Used to ask about place or situation, : Where are you coming from? Where is the book? Wher are the bands dancing? J-When: Used in quest Occasion, Fug. HS fo mean at what time, When did you last visit your mother? When will he refund You your money? IWho: on what Used in questions to ask function of one or more people Out the text? Who amived first 5-Whom: about the name, identity or fait Who are you? Who can read atthe meeting? ad of Who" jn formal written style as the EPosition, ‘Vo whom did you travel? Whom are you talkin, Used inste: object of a verty or p With who are you writin if to”? cbOUy to be exact about ings from a Timited number, E.g.: Which one do you prefer’ Which color have you bouvht? Which of your Sucents passed the baccalaureate exam? Which of the medication shall 1 take AEAINSE Malarig? 1 lawyer were you talking about? 1 y a .Oded Pure Champion 7Whose: Used in question to ask who something, belongs to "i to, : eu Whose car is thar? Whose book is this Whose wateh are Used in question to ask the reason for or Purpose of thing Exg.: Why have you worn torn dress? Why are you ing all the time? | Why did Nana travel to the US? sed to mean in what way or manner. Fug: How are you? How did Enagnon get to the pl: 10-How_often: Used for frequency. E.p.: How ofien does your family cat pounded yam? J1-Low long: Used for length or volume or duration. E E.g.: Haw s Fifameé’s hair? How lony js the baton? How long is ‘Pure e? jon” by Oyédékpo? How lone have the policemen been waiting? 72-How old: Used for age. E. ld is your baby? 13. Used before countable nouns. E.ge: tables are there in 2™ B? /4-How much: Used to ask about price, amount or money. E.g.: How much water did Séghéya give you? How much are those Ho Tow How many js Calavi from Matory? IS-How far: Used for distance Exge U Bohicon? How far is CEG4 Bohicon from L i > heig ¢ measurement J6-How high: Used to ask about the height or the me , a How high is the om the bottom to the top of something, Pee - ; N11? Mow high were the birds from the ground? 7 re measuremne 7-How tall: Used to ask about tl Osedehpo” Peta the bottom to the top. E. How tall is ot eae? sep is 4-How deep: Used for depth. Eat. eel aa? No deep was the nt of a person er : How d lysis of these detente about the 1 NOTE See exercises n° 3, 4, 5 and 6 for details.Pure Champion ON Ar Generally, the questions that students are asked are based on a text. To answer questions which involve auestion Wore important to keep in mind this simple rule; Subject + ver, same tense as in the question) + response (in the Question: How ald were Bio and Houéfa last y and Houcfa (subject) were (verb), teat), Question: W ds it is fin the tex), ‘ear? Answer: Bio vee (Look for answy Tin the at has Baké offered for the ceremony? = (subject) has offered (verb) a bike (See the text}, Questions that do not involve question words but auxiliaries of modal verbs instead, at the beginning of the Sentence require yes‘no first, and then follow quite the same rule in answer, Exp: Question: Are the women Sure of the result? Anew are sure of the result/ No, they Answer: Ba’ Yes, they are not sure of the Tesult. Question Have the men found the stone? Answer: Yes, they have (found th he stone) / No, they haven't (found the Stone). Does your niece work harder this yedr? Yes, she works harder this year/ Yes, she does / No, she doesn’t (work harder this year). Question: Did your parents travel last week? Answer: Yes, my parents travelled last week/Yes, they did. / No, my parents did not travel last week/No, they didn't. There isa little difference as far as the rule is concerned when the questions involve ‘who' + verb, ‘what' + verb, nee happens/lappened’, “what. Juestion: Who went to the cinema last week? Answer: Houé: on went ta the cinema last week/Houéenon did/It was Houégnon. Question: wie phoned you yesterday? Answer: My father Phoned ee yesterday/My father did/It was my father. Question: Wha Wn you on the foot? Answer: A nail did/It was a nail. QueteD happened to the men? Answer: They lost their money: ee What is she doing now? Answer: She's taking bat le ae What will he do tomorrow? Answer: He will iron his dres [32 b aaPure Champion IRREGULAR VERBS CHART. ¥ innnitive | Simple Past Past Participle yrench ———__—__| AbandonnsrPure Champion {Hurt Rlesser/Nuire a Garderffenir__ | emir d Knelt Vaitter Cacher Frapper/Toucher | Garderi er | Stavenouilier Knit/Knitted Tricoter Known Connaitre Laicl Poser | Led Led | MoneriConduire " Leant/Leaned Lennt/Leaned Sepencher | Leapt leaped | Leapt/teaped _| Sauter/Mondie leant Learned Lenrnt/Lecamed Apprendre Left Le : [Lent Let Lay Light Lit Love Lost Lost Perdre | Made Made Faire Meant Meant Signifier | Met fet Rencontrer Mow | Mowed | Mown faucher tondre Overcome | Overcame | Overcome Surmonter | Paid Paid Payer | Pleaded/Pled | Pleaded:Pled Plaider/lmplorer Proved Proved/Proven Prouver x Pot | Metre * Tour [Arter = x [Read [Lire Rent D. steer cer Débarasser ae Faire du cheval Sonner Monier Lever__| Sfri | Cherchee —— Wendre ure Champion dan Meet — Coudre Sheared Secouer Tondre Shed re | PerdreVerser Briller Vider ta fosse Ferrer Tirer'Wusiller Show Morin Shank Retréeir Ferme : | Slid | Stung Chanter Creuser Asscoir Tuer Donnie Glisser _| Shunk. Lancer Sht C SineluSmelled —_| Simitten Allaguer, Sowed Sown | Semer Spoke + Spoke T Patter | Spelt Spelicd SpeltSpelicd Spent Spent Spilt Spilled | Spilt'Spilled Repand 4 Span Spun [Filer Tourner Spal Spit SpauSpit Split Split ‘SpoilSpailed SpoilSpoited Spread Spread Sp vane Stove Staved | Sprunc.Pure Champion Stuck Stuck Te 7 Stung Stung —oller_ Stank Stwik Stun j-patuertlesser | 7 sans Puerit.tre infects Sire s Joncher Sride ae} Stridden [-Enjamber Seike S [ Faire peveTisprer —] String Strung ¢ Faller ‘Srive Strove —LStriven Srelforcer Sanat Swore Sworn are Sweep | Swept Swept ‘Balayer | FSwvell Swelled | Swelled/Swollen Enfler Swim Swam _| Swim y Take Took. Taken Prendre "Teach Taught Taught Enseiener Tear Tore Tom Déchirer Tell Told Told Dire Think Thought Thought Penser Thrive Throve/Thrived Thrived Prosparer Throw Threw Thrown Jeter/Lancer Thrust Thrust Thrust Enfoncerilmposer Tread Trod Trodden Marcher sur Understand | Understood Understood Comprendre Wake Woke Woken. Réveiller dy [Wear Wore Wom Porter | Weave Wove/Weaved WovenWeaved | Tisser Weep Wept Wept Pleurer Wet WeuWetted Wel Wetted Mouiller Wind [Wound [ound | Couper Ie soulle | aang | Whine Wrun fore Write Wrote [Writes ters NB: See exercises n® 7, 8 and 9 for details. [*Pure Champion lish. Vi [hay important to know how to conjugate verbs in FE ish. Verb nunicate well and to succeed conjugation indeed helps you to ee: well a [ot of activities including those related to tenses, in doin: Passive voice, reported speech, and qu tables on the next page of this book present all the categories of stion tag. The following serbs through these ten verbs: I- To be 2- Tohave 3- Togo ae Toteach oy To watch 6- To travel 7- Can 8- May O- Must 1O- Shall NBS Sce exercise! 0,re Champion cao | “You willbe | Vou were ae | -ttcis cSheisbeing | «Iwill he “He was “hewn ten, \ Weare -We are being | -We will be “We were “Weatietune 6 “You sebens | =Youwitlte | You were “iinwnence They are wThey are being | -They will be They were “hey atte bene | Present e mt | “fortune | Past perfect asi erfect"\"Coadonal| shave heen | -ttwcteewtone | =I had heen “Madbesnbemg | “L would be “Yeutavetern | srannaeseston | -Vou hasbeen svatatteenteing | -You would he He has been | -Mehostern clthnd been] -trtsdtecateng | le would be oWehave been | -we “Wehad been | -wenstteenteas | -We would be “You have beea sYoutad been | -voutatterateing | =Vou would be “Bevtneteen | menecwwnten | -They had been | -neshatecateng | -T ) Would be L | TO HAVE iotcc, Trevent Simple Totare Simple yant | Vast enntinuoun oe 7 cant wy cThave cLamhaving | -Dwillhave | -thad Twas having *Youhase | -Youwenssing | svouwithave | -You had ~Youwarshaving | “He has, cHeishaving | -She will have | -Ithad ott was having | “Wehave “We are having | -We will have | -We had -Wewere having “You have You are having They have Youwtli have | -You had Vou were having They are They willhave | -They had aThey were bawing | having _ | Present Present perfeet | Past perfect Conditional i ferfect continuous | continues | “have had Have tees basing | =T had lad eeunee | Watavehad | evasnceetius | eVoutind hall | “votre fone Mehavhad | cresssteaanne | Ith! hid | ~atteetowoe oMenartecs hang Waa bane tee “We bad had -You had had sWelial bees eee Lathecs a ave woul MIE sVounsel oA heyPure Champion | TOGO. ——Freeot | Simplefuiwre [Simple pat ontinuous |_ Simple prevent continne dy “Apo | -tampommp — | -Lwvill go