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ReWOO: How to Boost Efficiency and Accuracy in

Augmented Language Models

Introduction

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been advancing rapidly in recent years,

thanks to the development of large language models (LLMs) that can
read, understand, and generate natural language. However, LLMs alone
are not enough to handle complex tasks that require reasoning and
external knowledge. That’s why researchers have been exploring
augmented language models (ALMs), which are LLMs enhanced with
external tools and skills.

One of the most prominent examples of ALMs is Auto-GPT, which can

perform autonomous task execution by calling various tools such as
LangChain, a blockchain-based language service platform. Auto-GPT
and LangChain are developed by OpenAI, a research organization
dedicated to creating and ensuring the safe and beneficial use of
artificial general intelligence (AGI). The motto behind their development
is to democratize access to natural language processing (NLP) and

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empower users with the ability to create and share content across
languages and domains.

However, ALMs also face some challenges, such as high token

consumption, prompt redundancy, and tool reliability issues. To
overcome these challenges, a team of researchers from OpenAI has
proposed ReWOO (Reasoning WithOut Observation), a game-changing
modular paradigm that cuts token consumption by detaching reasoning
from external observations. In this blog article, we will explore what
ReWOO is, how it works, and what benefits it offers.

What is ReWOO?

ReWOO is a modular paradigm for augmented language models that

separates the reasoning process from external observations. The idea
behind ReWOO is to break down complex reasoning tasks into three
separate modules: Planner, Worker, and Solver. Each module has a
specific role and communicates with each other through a shared
memory.

ReWOO aims to reduce token consumption by minimizing the

computational load associated with repeated prompts. By separating
reasoning from external observations, ReWOO avoids feeding historical
tokens to the LLM every time it resumes token generation after calling a
tool. This way, ReWOO achieves prompt efficiency and reduces costs
for commercial LLM services.

Key Features of ReWOO

ReWOO has several key features that make it unique and effective.
Some of them are:

● Modularity: ReWOO divides complex reasoning tasks into three

modules that can be independently optimized and fine-tuned. This

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allows for greater flexibility and scalability in designing ALMs for

different domains and applications.

● Efficiency: ReWOO reduces token consumption by decoupling

reasoning from external observations. This leads to significant
savings in terms of time and money for using LLMs such as
GPT-3.

● Accuracy: ReWOO improves accuracy by synthesizing plans and

evidence from multiple sources. This helps avoid errors and
inconsistencies that may arise from relying on a single tool or
observation.

● Robustness: ReWOO exhibits robustness in cases where external

tools face reliability issues. By separating reasoning from
observations, ReWOO can handle incomplete or noisy data
without compromising performance.

Capabilities of ReWOO

ReWOO has many potential capabilities and use cases across various
industries and domains. Some examples are:

● Content creation: ReWOO can help users create unique and

creative content with great linguistic accuracy and consistency. For
instance, ReWOO can generate blog articles, summaries, essays,
poems, stories, code, etc., by calling different tools such as
LangChain, Grammarly, WordNet, etc.

● Question answering: ReWOO can help users answer complex

questions that require multi-step reasoning and external

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knowledge. For example, ReWOO can answer questions such as

“Who is the president of France?” or “How many people live in
New York City?” by calling different tools such as Wikipedia,
Wolfram Alpha, Google Maps, etc.

● Task execution: ReWOO can help users perform autonomous

tasks that involve multiple steps and tools. For example, ReWOO
can book a flight ticket or send an email by calling different tools
such as Expedia, Gmail, Calendar, etc.

ReWOO Architecture:

ReWOO works by dividing complex reasoning tasks into three modules:

Planner, Worker, and Solver.

source - https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.18323.pdf

The Planner module takes a task as input and creates a list of plans that
depend on each other. Each plan is a logical expression that specifies
what subtask to do and what tool to use. The Planner module then
sends each plan to the Worker module.

The Worker module executes each plan by calling the corresponding

tool and getting the relevant information. The Worker module then stores

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the information as evidence in a shared memory. The evidence is a

key-value pair that maps an attribute of the task to a value. The Planner
module and the Worker module work together to collect all the evidence
needed for the task.

The Solver module takes the task, the list of plans, and the shared
memory as input and combines them to produce the final answer to the
task. The Solver module may use logical operators such as AND, OR,
NOT, etc., to merge multiple plans and evidence. ReWOO works by
separating the reasoning process of LLMs from external tools, avoiding
the repetition of prompts that are common in observation-dependent
reasoning.

This way, ReWOO reduces token usage and improves prompting

efficiency.

How to access and use this model?

ReWOO is currently in the developmental phase and is not yet

accessible to the general public. However, individuals who are interested
can stay updated on the progress of ReWOO by visiting the GitHub
repository, where the researchers have made their code and data
available. Furthermore, users can delve into their published paper, which
offers comprehensive insights into ReWOO's methodology, evaluation,
and outcomes.

ReWOO has been specifically developed to function alongside GPT-3.5,

an enhanced version of GPT-3 that incorporates instruction fine-tuning
capabilities.

While the code and data of ReWOO can be found on GitHub, users are
advised to reach out to the authors for additional details regarding
licensing and usage.

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Limitations

ReWOO is a promising model that offers many benefits for augmented

language models. However, it also has some limitations that need to be
addressed in future work. Some of them are:

Tool dependency: ReWOO relies on external tools to provide evidence

for reasoning tasks. However, these tools may not always be reliable,
accurate, or available. ReWOO needs to handle cases where tools fail,
return incomplete or noisy data, or have different formats or languages.

● Plan complexity: ReWOO generates plans based on logical

expressions that specify subtasks and tools. However, these plans
may not always be optimal or feasible for complex tasks that
involve multiple steps and constraints. ReWOO needs to improve
its planning algorithm to handle cases where plans are too long,
too short, or contradictory.

● Generalization: ReWOO is evaluated on six open NLP

benchmarks and a curated dataset that cover various reasoning
tasks. However, these datasets may not capture all the possible
scenarios or domains where ReWOO can be applied. ReWOO
needs to test its performance on more diverse and realistic tasks
that require different types of reasoning and knowledge.

Conclusion

ReWOO is an innovative modular framework designed to enhance

language models by effectively isolating the process of reasoning from
external observations. This unique approach not only minimizes token
usage but also enhances accuracy and robustness when handling
intricate reasoning tasks. The versatility of ReWOO extends its potential
applications across numerous industries and domains.

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source
GitHub repo - https://github.com/billxbf/ReWOO
research document - https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.18323.pdf
research paper link - https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.18323
twitter link - https://twitter.com/billxbf/status/1663713374910251009?s=20

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