2.

Signals in electronic
systems

Electronics 2.

0
 Analog signals and their spectrums
Periodic sinewave: Fourier spectrum:
Va

representation: U = U1 sin(ωt + ϕ ), (ωt + ϕ ) = α, 2π 1

ω 0 = 2πf 0 = , f0 = ,
T T
Periodic squarewave: Fourier spectrum:
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4V 1 1
v(t) = (sin ω 0 t + sin 3ω 0 t + sin5ω 0 t + ...) 1
π 3 5
 Analog signals and their spectrums

Aperiodic analog signal: Fourier spectrum:

Example: noise
2
 Digital signals

1: Sampling,
2: Quantising, discretising

Representation: D = b0 2 0 + b1 21 + b2 2 2 + ...+ bN −1 2 N −1, N : bits

3
Two port networks:

A: Passive networks: R,L,C elements

B: Active networks: U and I generators (AC and DC)

Ideal, real Ideal, real

Voltage generator: Current generator:

Thevenin Norton
U-I, U-t diagrams: board

The two type of generators can be change to each other.

4
Execises:

1.1
a.  Whar are the open-circuit Uout ?
b.  What are the short-circuited Iout ?
c.  For the representations to be equivalent what must be
the relationship be bettween vs, is, and Rs ?

1.2
A signal source (a) has an: Uout = 10mV and Is = 10µA.
What is the source resistance ? (Rs=?)

5
 Execises:

T
1
P=
T
∫ (v 2
/R)dt,
0 4V 1 1
v(t) = (sin ω 0 t + sin 3ω 0 t + sin5ω 0 t + ...)
π 3 5
Pössz = P1 + P3 + P5 + ...,
6
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Feladat: