CHAPTER-2

The Nervous System

I. Learning Objectives
● Identify various parts of the nervous system.
● Describe the structure and functions of the brain.
● Discuss the significance of sense organs in our body.

II. Keywords
1. Spinal cord
2. Cerebrum
3. Cerebellum
4. Medulla
5. Neuron
6. Reflex action
7. Cornea
8. Retina
9. Pinna
10. Eardrum
11. Cochlea
12. Nostrils
13. Taste buds

III.Define the following

1. Cerebrum - The largest part of the brain that controls our thinking, learning ability, memory
and basic intelligence.
2. Neurons -.Nerves are made up of nerve cells called neurons
3. Reflex action - Automatic and quick action of the body controlled by the spinal cord.
4. Pinna- The part of the ear we can see and touch is the outer ear or pinna.

IV. Answer the following

5. Write the importance of the following
A) fluid between the skull and the brain.
       B) fluid in the eyeball.
Ans A) It is cerebrospinal fluid that protects the brain from jerks and shocks.
B) It protects the eyes from shocks and minor jerks
6. Ram is an 18 year old boy. Once he fell down from his bike and got a hit on his head. After
this accident Ram is having a jerky movement. Which part of his brain is affected?
Ans. Cerebellum is affected as it controls the muscle movements and maintains the balance of
the body.

7.  If your right side of the brain is affected, what would be the consequences?

Ans. If the right side of the brain is damaged the left side of the body is affected.

V. FLOW CHART OF REFLEX ACTION PATHWAY

VI.Research Question
8.Iris is the colored part of our eye. Do you think we can change our eye color?
ANS: No, because once your eye color is set in childhood, your eyes can’t naturally change to a
completely different color. This means eye color is usually determined by age 1 year. However,
changes in eye color begin to slow down once a baby reaches 6 months old. You can
artificially change your eye color, but it can be risky.

VII. ASSET QUESTIONS

1. I am a part of the brain. I control the activities like sneezing, breathing, blood circulation etc. I
work even while we are sleeping. Who am I?

a) Cerebrum b) cerebellum

b) Medulla c) spinal cord

Ans: b) Medulla

2. Abhi accidentally touched a hot metal and spontaneously withdrew his hand from the metal.
Why did he react spontaneously?

A)  Due to the attraction of the metal

B)  Due to repulsion of the metal
C)  Due to reflex action
D)  Due to the brightness and heaviness of the metal
Ans : C) Due to reflex action
3.Which type of stimulus is NOT generally detected by our skin?
A) Heat
B) Cold
C) Pain
D) Light
​ Correct Answer: D
​ Solution :
​ Our skin cannot detect the stimulus of light. It can detect the stimulus of heat, cold and
pain.