STUDY NOTES 6 for PYC4807

Theme 2 Types of psychological assessment measures

Topic 2.2 Personality assessment

A brief overview of two broad theoretical approaches to the assessment of personality is

provided in the prescribed book. In Tutorial letter 201 (Table 2.4), a finer distinction is made
with reference to type theories, trait theories and psychodynamic theories. Note that these
theories are not covered in detail in this module, however, you will probably enjoy consulting
additional material on personality theories. It is important that you realise that the theory
underlying a test determines the structure and content of the test, the potential relationship
between test results and real-life criteria, and the potential use of the test.

Exercise: Consider any of the tests described in the text book and explain how this test
reflects the theoretical assumptions on which it is based. Also indicate the potential use of the
test. We will do one example here:

The 16PF is based on Cattell’s trait theory. Based on this theory the assumption is made that
relatively stable personality traits underlie and influence behaviour across a variety of
situations and over time. By means of factor analysis, 16 primary personality traits were
identified and further analysis indicated that these can be combined into 5 second–order
personality traits. A person’s scores on these traits provide a picture of her or his personality
and this enables the psychologist to understand and predict the person’s behaviour in a
consistent manner. The 16PF is a measure of normal personality traits and it is used, amongst
others, for vocational guidance and occupational choices, selection and placement in training
and work contexts, and decisions related to leadership. Although it was not developed to
diagnose pathology, it provides information on strengths and development areas that can be
useful in a clinical context.

Various examples of measures of personality are discussed in the prescribed book. Make sure
that you understand what is typically measured by these tests. This also applies to behavioural
measures and interest questionnaires.

Just for fun: Would you describe yourself as more introverted or more extroverted? When
you consider this question, you should keep in mind that this dichotomy explores how we are
energised. Do you get your energy from the ‘outer world’ or the ‘inner world’?

To be continued …
Study notes 7 will provide and introduction to Theme 3 Application of assessment in different
contexts.