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11J - Caybot - Jash Jovian - Task10
11J - Caybot - Jash Jovian - Task10
11-J CAYBOT
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR: JENNY-ANN B. SORIANO, RN MAN CHA
jennyannsoriano@davaodoctors.edu.ph
11-J CAYBOT
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR: JENNY-ANN B. SORIANO, RN MAN CHA
jennyannsoriano@davaodoctors.edu.ph
PECTORALIS MINOR
TRES MINOR
a chest muscle that is tiny,
flat, and formed like a - attaches to the side of the scapula and
triangle. attaches to the humerus beneath the
responsible for moving infraspinatus.
both your rib cage and - facilitate over-head upper limb
your shoulder blade. movements such as pulling and throwing
- supports the shoulder and at the same
SHOULDER MUSCLES time loads the force in the preload phase
of overhead movements.
SUBCAPULARIS
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR: JENNY-ANN B. SORIANO, RN MAN CHA
jennyannsoriano@davaodoctors.edu.ph
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR: JENNY-ANN B. SORIANO, RN MAN CHA
jennyannsoriano@davaodoctors.edu.ph
INTERMEDIATE
DEEP
LEG MUSCLES
POTERIOR
LATERAL
ANTERIOR
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VanPutte, C. L., Regan, J. L., Russo, A. F., Seeley, R. R., Stephens, T., & Tate, P. (2017). Seeley's Anatomy et
Physiology. McGraw-Hill Education.
11-J CAYBOT
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR: JENNY-ANN B. SORIANO, RN MAN CHA
jennyannsoriano@davaodoctors.edu.ph
11-J CAYBOT
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR: JENNY-ANN B. SORIANO, RN MAN CHA
jennyannsoriano@davaodoctors.edu.ph
PULMONARY VEINS
ORDER OF VESSELS IT PASSES THROUGH
Right superior pulmonary vein IN SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
- drains your right lung's upper lobe
and middle lobe Systemic circulation flows through
Right inferior pulmonary vein arteries, then arterioles, then
- drains your right lung's lower lobe capillaries where gas exchange
Left superior pulmonary vein
- drains your left lung's upper lobe occurs to tissues.
and your lingula Blood is then returned to the heart
Left inferior pulmonary vein through venules and veins, which
- drains your left lung's lower lobe merge into the superior and inferior
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION vena cavae and empty into the right
atrium to complete the circuit.
In physiology, the circuit of vessels
supplying oxygenated blood to and PARTS OF SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
returning deoxygenated blood from the
tissues of the body, as distinguished from The channels through which the
the pulmonary circulation. journey of the systemic circulatory
Blood is pumped from the left ventricle of system takes place:
the heart through the aorta and arterial ➔ Arteries ➔ Capillaries➔ Veins
branches to the arterioles and through
capillaries, where it reaches an
equilibrium with the tissue fluid, and then
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PULMONARY
drains through the venules into the veins
AND SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
and returns, via the venae cavae, to the
right atrium of the heart. PULMONARY SYSTEMIC
Pressure in the arterial system, resulting
from heart action and distension by the Composed of the Composed of inferior
blood, maintains systemic blood flow. pulmonary artery and and superior vena
The systemic pathway consists of many pulmonary vein cava, aorta, and
circuits in parallel, each of which has its other small blood
own arteriolar resistance that determines vessels
blood flow independently of the overall Carries blood to the Carries blood
flow and pressure and without necessarily lungs throughout the body
disrupting these. Carries oxygenated Carries
For example, the blood flow through the blood from the lungs deoxygenated blood
digestive tract increases after meals, and to the left atrium of from the body to the
that through working muscles increases the heart by the right atrium of the
during exercise. pulmonary vein heart by the superior
Carries oxygenated blood from the left and inferior vena
ventricle, through the arteries, to the cava
capillaries in the tissues of the body. PHYSIOLOGY OF BLOOD
From the tissue capillaries, the
deoxygenated blood returns through a The cardiovascular system's
system of veins to the right atrium of the function is to move blood
heart. throughout the body. This blood
circulation keeps organs, muscles,
and tissues healthy and working to
keep us alive.
11-J CAYBOT
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR: JENNY-ANN B. SORIANO, RN MAN CHA
jennyannsoriano@davaodoctors.edu.ph
Body temperature regulation is an often Veins bring blood to the right side of your
overlooked but important function of the heart
cardiovascular system. Pulmonary arteries carry the blood to your
lungs, where it receives oxygen.
PHYSIOLOGY OF CIRCULATION Pulmonary veins move the blood oxygen-
rich blood to the left side of your heart.
VITAL SIGNS The aorta (the main artery in your body)
carries the blood from the left side of your
referred in clinical settings heart to the rest of your body through many
arterial pulse and blood pressure branches of arteries.
measurements, along with those of Capillaries have thin walls that allow
respiratory rate and body temperature oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and
waste products to pass through, to, and
ARTERIAL PULSE from the tissue cells.
Veins then carry the blood back to your
the alternating expansion and recoil of
heart, and the process begins again
an artery that occurs with each beat of
the left ventricle create a pressure wave
(pulse) that travels through the arterial
system. REGULATION OF ARTERIAL PRESSURE
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR: JENNY-ANN B. SORIANO, RN MAN CHA
jennyannsoriano@davaodoctors.edu.ph
SHORT TERM
FACTS ABOUT BLOOD
Baroreceptor Reflex
Blood is a fluid connective tissue.
◆ Hormones: Epinephrine and Norepine ADP◆ Blood provides the body's cells with
Hormones: Epinephrine and Norepinephrine ● ANP ● oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.
ADP Blood transports nutrients and
hormones.
Chemoreceptor Reflex Blood regulates body temperature.
Platelets clot blood at sites of injury.
Blood brings waste products to the
kidneys and liver.
Red blood cells are the most
numerous living cells in the blood.
White blood cells protect the body from
pathogens.
Hormones: Epinephrine and Norepinephrine COMPOSITION OF BLOOD PLASMA
● ANP ● ADP
the liquid part of blood
approximately 90% water
Over 100 different substances are
dissolved in this straw-colored fluid.
Examples of dissolved substances
include nutrients, salts (electrolytes),
LONG TERM respiratory gases, hormones, plasma
proteins, and various wastes and
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone (RAA) System
products of cell metabolism
Plasma proteins are the most abundant
solutes in plasma.
ERYTHROCYTES (RBC)
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR: JENNY-ANN B. SORIANO, RN MAN CHA
jennyannsoriano@davaodoctors.edu.ph
WBC: AGRANULOCYTES
WBC: GRANULOCYTES
Granule-containing WBCs
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR: JENNY-ANN B. SORIANO, RN MAN CHA
jennyannsoriano@davaodoctors.edu.ph
➔ Contain mitochondrial DNA, but not nuclear
PRODUCTION OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS
DNA
(WBC)
PRODUCTION OF PLATELETS
BLOOD PRODUCTION
Thrombopoietin stimulates production of
THE BONE MARROW AND BLOOD platelets from megakoryocytes
FORMATION TPO - hormone secreted by the kidneys
and liver
HEMATOPOIESIS
- is the process of blood cell formation Formation of megakaryocytes
Occurs in red bone marrow (myeloid
tissue) Megakaryocytes
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) - - -the gigantic cells that develop as
multipotent a result of multiple rounds of DNA
- They can make copies of themselves replication without cell division
- They also make new cells that are The main job of platelets, or
closer to being blood cells, called thrombocytes, is blood clotting
progenitor cells Production of platelets is subjective to a
All blood cells are derived from a classic negative feedback loop: reduced
common stem cell (hemocytoblast) platelet levels: promote production, while
Hemocytoblasts form two types of elevated levels inhibit it
descendants:
Lymphoid stem cell - produces
lymphocytes
Lymphoblasts (immature lymphoid
stem cells)
Myeloid stem cell - can produce all
other formed elements BIBLIOGRAPHY
Myeloblasts (immature myeloid stem
cells) VanPutte, C. L., Regan, J. L., Russo, A. F., Seeley, R.
R., Stephens, T., & Tate, P. (2017). Seeley's Anatomy
PRODUCTION OF RED BLOOD CELLS et Physiology. McGraw-Hill Education.
Rate of RBC production is controlled by a
hormone called erythropoietin
Kidneys produce most erythropoietin as a
response to reduced oxygen levels in the
blood
Homeostasis is maintained by negative
feedback from blood oxygen levels
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