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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit
All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit
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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


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LU KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK W@ 'W 0 'W - PV
LU KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK W * W # P V"X
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]L KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ` $ Xa P - V # -
]g KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK b < c d @- e 5 8 S$J f P\ " N O @?
]LkjL M6 = * X< X W * '` $ @ 5 i ( 1 6 @X D # h @- % PM % h @
?CK CX H 1A +VAB W P!AQ R S 9!AQ T U1V 1ABN OM N . -

]l KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK D 7 DB 54 ; % 1 6 @X PM % N O @?
]l KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Y r # 'qD 7 p 3# ; o D B n > ; \ * B/ M 6 A PM % d m ?
C_ ^T]1/ \ +6)1 Y T4 37 + Z F 4[<V M !0 PV
C` OM !0N + ) P V " X
CK Oc d e O1ab 1Q
]s KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK S $ J 5 \ Q F X Dr 7 DB P\ " d m?
]s KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK \ Q @m PN d m?

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


Ck OR1 . fS 76 g (& h 1- i / fS j Pe6 1 OM N M1a#
Ck O4[<V M !0 PV
n? Olm AB P V " X
n? OM !0N + ) P V X
nC Oc d e AE 1D =3- o1AP p O1VDb
nX OqL T 1- +Qm a R16N R1 r F D1"" s8 Pt M ?
nX O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 PV
n_ Olm AB P V " X
n_ OM !0N + ) P V X
n` Oc d e AE 1D =3- o1AP p O 1VDb
gs KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK u v " \F ( F 2 w 5 D # 3x P\ " N O @?
gs KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK 2 w 5 D # 3x \ * B/ M 6 A PM % d m ?
nk = u2 v 363w Py
Ix O:2 fS +U 1J T)16u F 4[<V M !0 P V " X
I? OM !0N + ) P V " X
IC Oc d e O1ab 1Q
kg KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK S $ J 5 \ Q F X '2 w 5 D # 3x P\ " d m?
kk KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK \ Q @m PN d m?
II Oh u 38 A 63yP s8 PM % M ?
II O+ tE # F M !0N PV
IX Olm AB P V " X
IX OM !0N + ) P V X
I_ Oc de AE 1D =3- o1AP p O1VDb
z
IK OM ! N F S # qL6 '1/ 1D 41{7 s8 Pt M ?
IK O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 PV
Ik Olm AB P V " X
Ik OM !0N + ) P V X

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


Xx Oc d e AE 1D =3- o1AP p O 1VDb
l] KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK 3 ? ( F ( 5 T _ 7 # ; o z _ PN N O @?
l] KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK 3 ? ( F ( 5 WQ _ 7 # ; o z _ n > ; 8 B/ M 6 A PM % d m ?
XC 4[<V M !0 Obg
XI OM !0N + ) P V " X
XI Oc d e O1ab 1Q
ll KKKKKKKKKKK \ Q ` X S$J 5 3 ? (F ( 5 T _ 7 # ; o z _ P\ " d m?
ll KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK \ Q @m PN d m?
XX OTz12% fS Tm . F T4 37 PM % M ?
XX O4[<V M !0 PV
X_ Olm AB P V " X
X_ OM !0N + ) P V X
XK Oc d e AE 1D =3- o1AP p O 1VDb
_x O| <Z# 1 @ s8 Oh 1a M1a#
_x O| <Z# 1 @ s8 F 4[<V M !0 PV
_? Olm AB P V " X
_? OM !0N + ) O1ab 1Q
}l KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK{ # ; o z _ Q | PE N O @?
}} KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK { T _ 7 # ; o z _ M6 @A \ * B/ M 6 A PM % d m ?
__ 4[<V M !0 Obg
_K OM !0N + ) P V " X
`C O c d e O1ab 1Q
•] KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK S $ J 5 W ~> ; X '{ #; o z _ ) $ Pt d m?
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•k KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK \ Q @m PN d m?
`I ~ # S R1 . PM % M ?
`I O4[<V M !0 PV
`X Olm AB O1b 1Q

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


`_ OM !0N + ) P V X
`` Oc d e AE 1D =3- o1AP p O1VDb
K? O+6• " 1D 1 9!AQ Pt M ?
KC O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 PV
KC Olm AB P V " X
Kn OM !0N + ) P V X
KI c de AE 1D =3- o1AP p O1VDb
Us KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ` $ b < . • * ‚ ( 5 7 ; 6 z _ P€ c N O @?
Us KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK [ ? \ * B/ M 6 A PM % d m ?
kx OM !0N + ) P V " X
k? Oc d e P V X
sL KKKKKKKKK \ Q ` X ' S $ J 5` $ b <. • * ‚ ( 5 7 ; 6 z _ P\ " d m ?
k? O) V F <8 €! $J " + - PM % M ?
k? O+ tE # F M !0N PV
kC Olm AB P V " X
kC OM !0N + ) P V X
kI Oc d e AE 1D =3- o1AP p O 1VDb
kK O A8 =1 Oh 1a M1a#
kK O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 PV
?xx Olm AB P V " X
?xx OM !0N + ) P V X
?xC Oc d e AE 1D =3- o1AP p O1VDb
L^ } KKKKK Q R S$J 5 \ Q ` X '( - ? N 3 R > ; 8b < _ P{ # N O @?
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?x_ O+y< F B3# •63VP
?x_ j
O}m J r g F -63VP 1
L^ • KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK( - ? N 3 R > ; 8 B/ M 6 A PM % d m ?
?x` O B3# H6 ‚ + Z F 4[<V M !0 PV

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


?xk OM !0N + ) P V " X
??? c de PV X
LLL KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK S $ J 5 W ~> ; X ( - ? N 3 R Pt d m?
LL] KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK \ Q @m PN d m?
??C Tm . F +$7$7 1D 4! ! ƒ 7 PM % M ?
??C O4[<V M !0 PV
??n Olm AB P V " X
??n OM !0N + ) P V X
??` c de AE 1D =3- o1AP p O 1VDb
??X | <-# 9!LD La &VP 2S 1 qS U1A =!d s8 Pt M ?
??X O4[<V M !0 PV
??X Olm AB P V " X
??_ OM !0N + ) P V X
LLs KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK QV C OV O = N 3 R 8 b < _ PE N O @?
LLs KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK N 3 R O ƒ 8b < _ PM % d m?
L]^ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK \ Q ` X ' S $ J 5 N 3 R O ƒ 8b < _ P\ " d m?
?C? Oƒ U1 ' P 3 „… s8 PM % M ?
?C? O+ tE # F M !0N PV
?C? Olm AB P V " X
?C? OM !0N + ) P V X
?CC + tE # F c d e lm AE D =3- o1AP p P V $
?CI O•. •<@ )3-2# Tm r s8 Oh 1a M1a#
?CI O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 PV
?CI Olm AB P1b 1Q
(
?CX OM !0N + ) P V X
?C_ c de AE 1D =3- o1AP p O 1VDb
?XC ?Ck … † ‡1 7 1A"S T U1V 1ABN Oh 1a . -

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


L]s KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK { 54 ; % 1 @X PM % N O @?
L]s KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK{ 54 ; % 1 @X 8 B/ M 6 A PM % d m ?
?Ck O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 PV
?Ck OM !0N + ) O1b 1Q
?nC Oc d e P X
Lg] KKKKKKKKKKKKK S $ J 5 \ Q ` X { 8 54 ; % 1 @X P\ " d m?
?nn T 1Z" ˆ 3Sj T1 z OM N M1a#
?nn O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 Obg
?nn Olm AB O1b 1Q
?nI OM !0N + ) O1ab 1Q
?nI Oc d e b
AE 1D =3- o1AP p O1VD
Lg} KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK 5 4 ; % 1 @X 8 W ~ > ; i W@ { A Pt N O @?
Lg} KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK [ ? \ * B/ M 6 A PM % d m ?
?n_ O+ 1E # F 4[<V M !0 Obg
?n_ OM !0N + ) O1b 1Q
?n` Oc d e O1ab 1Q
LgU KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK S $ J 5 \ Q ` X W@ { A P\ " d m?
?nK ‰g | Z !' ' 2# OM N M1a#
?nK O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 Obg
?nK O+ tE # F lm AB O1b 1Q
?nk OM !0N + ) PV X
?Ix Oc d e AE 1D =3- o1AP p PV $
?IC +{- '& Š T1 z s8 Oh 1a M1a#
?IC O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 PV

?IC O+ tE # F lm AB PV " X
?IC OM !0N + ) PV X
?II Oc d e AE 1D =3- o1AP p PV $
Lk} KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK # R 1 $ Q 8{ 3 „ PE N O @?

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


Lk} KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK [ ? \ * B/ M 6 A PM % d m ?
?I_ O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 PV
?I_ OM !0N + ) PV " X
?I` O c d e O 1ab 1Q
Lk• KKKKKKKKKK \ Q ` X S$J 5 '# R 1 $ Q 8{ 3 „ P\ " d m?
?IK Œ1{ q !6 F 1d s8 OM N M1a#
?IK O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 PV
?IK O + tE # F lm AB PV " X
?Ik OM !0N + ) PV X
?Xx Oc d e AE 1D =3- o1AP p PV $
?Xx 3@ • Œ1{ @ )Œ R!. 41{0 3@ s8 Oh 1a M1a#
?Xx O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 PV
?X? Olm AB PV " X
?X? O+ tE # F M !0N + ) PV X
?XC Oc d e AE 1D =3- o1AP p PV $
C?C ?XI 1$ W •<";# + )N T U1V 1ABN OH 1a . -

Llk KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK … O = d F , PM % N O @?
Ll• KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK … O = d F, n > ; \ * B/ M 6 A PM % d m ?
?X` O= u2 v 363w PV
?_x OM !0N + ) P V " X
?_n c d e O 1ab 1Q
L}g KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK S $ J 5 \ Q ` X … O = M6 A P\ " d m?
?_I O}18 2 F V 1 @ OM N M1a#
M
?_I O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 PV
?_X Olm AB PV " X
?_X OM !0N + ) P V X
?_` c de AE 1D =3- o1AP p P V $

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


?_K O1Ž S F 1$,8
• fS T• "V#j }18 s8j Oh 1a M1a#
?_k Olm j AB P V " X
?_k OM !0N + ) P V X
?`x c de AE 1D =3- o1AP p O 1VDb
L•] KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK @A J † ‡ n > ; Pt N O @?
L•g KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Y # @A J † ‡ > ; \ * B/ M 6 A PM % d m ?
?`n O12<A0 =† + Z F M !0N PV
?`I OM !0N + ) P V " X
L•l KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK\ Q ` X S$J 5 @A J †r ‡ Pt d m ?

?`_ b +V-2# j Vd OM N M1a#
O}18 2 7S F 3$
?`_ O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 PV
?`_ Olm j AB O1b 1Q
?`` OM !0N + ) O1ab 1Q
?`K Oc d e AE 1D =3- o1AP p P V $
?Kx j
O+<B3# sU1$A
j * E -Pj 1 Œ[ Oh 1a M1a#
?Kx + tE # F 4[<V M !0 P V
?Kx Olm AB P V " X
?K? OM !0N + ) P V X
?KC Oc d e AE 1D =3- o1AP p P V $
LU} KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ˆ ~ > ; i ' r - ? r O = ? PN N O @?
LU• KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Y # ' - ? O = ? ~ > ; i 8 B/ Mr 6 A PM % d m ?
?K` •
+<B3# •
+,<. # + Z F 4[<V Mj !0 PV
?KK OM !0N + ) P V " X
R
?Kk Oc d e O1ab 1Q
Ls] KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK\ Q F X QR S$J 5 - ? O = ? P\ " d m?
?kC • Œ1 A. ’ T)1$
O "7 } 3% F ƒ‘ VD fS s${VD j O M N M1a#
?kC O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 PV

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


?kn Olm AB P V " X
?kn OM !0N + ) P V X
?k_ !# fS “ 17 ” <J P O 1a M1a#
?k_ O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 PV
?k` Olm AB P V " X
?k` OM !0N + ) O1ab 1Q
?kK c de AE 1D =3- o1AP p O 1VDb
Lss KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK W ~ > ; i E $, ‰ - PE N O @?
]^ ^ KKKKKKKKK 5 4 ; % 8E $ , Š ~> ; i \ * B/ M 6 A PM % d m ?
Cxx O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 PV
Cxx OM !0N + ) P V " X
CxC Oc d e P V X
]^ ] KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK \ Q ` X S$J 5 E $, - P\ " d m?
]^ ] KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK \ Q @m PN d m?
CxC P! ˆ 3 F 1$d z 1$7<… ] U1A +7<J # H6 !P s8j PM % M ?
CxC O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 PV
Cxn Olm AB P V " X
Cxn OM !0N + ) P V X
Cx_ c de AE 1D =3- o1AP p P V $
CxK O+2 V D Oh 1a M1a#
Cxk O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 PV
Cxk O+ tE # F lm AB P V " X
C?x OM !0N + ) P V X
Œ
C?C c de AE 1D =3- o1AP p O 1VDb
Ckk C?X :2 s$W T U1V 1ABN Oh 1a 1A

Œm . W W

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


C`I C?X + !r N S !7 F s$Wm "@ T U1V 1ABN OM N . -
H 1A +VAB W

]Ll KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK uh h6 „ 6 w 5 M 3 % ( F PM % N O @?
]Ll KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK [ ? \ * B/ M 6 A PM % d m ?
C?X O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 Obg
C?X OM !0N + ) O1b 1Q
C?` O c d e O 1ab 1Q
]LU KKKKKKKKKKKKKK \ Q F X ' S $ J 5 'J J5 # > ? % # P\ " d m?
]LU KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK \ Q @m PN d m?
C?K OT3LV s8 OM N M1a#
C?K 4[<V M !0 O bg
C?k O+ tE # F lm AB O1b 1Q
C?k OM !0N + ) O1ab 1Q
CC? c de AE 1D =3- o1AP p O 1VDb
CCn O}18 2 s8 O 1a M1a#
CCn O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 Obg
CCn Olm AB O 1b 1Q
CCI O M !0N + ) O1ab 1Q
CCX Oc d e AE 1D =3- o1AP p O 1VDb
]]} KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK u 3 „ [ M % % BC ( F P\ " N O @?
]]} KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK [ ? \ * B/ M 6 A PM % d m ?
CC_ O4[<V M !0 Obg
CC` OM !0N + ) O 1b 1Q
CC` c d e O 1ab 1Q

]]U KKKKKKKK S $ J 5 \ Q ` X u 3 „ [ M % % BC ( F P\ " d m?
]]U KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK \ Q @m PN d m?
CCK O3 P! 41{0 O M1a#
CCK O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 Obg

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


CCk Olm AB O 1b 1Q
CCk OM !0N + ) O1ab 1Q
Cn? c de AE 1D =3- o1AP p O 1VDb
]g] KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK u F Y3 O w 5 M 3\ ( F PN N O @?
]g] KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK [ ? \ * B/ M 6 A PM % d m ?
CnC 4[<V M !0 Obg
CnC O M ! 0N + ) O 1b 1Q
Cnn Oc d e O 1b a 1Q
]gk KKKKKKKKKKKKKKK \ Q F X ' S $ J 5 J J5 # > ? \ # P\ " d m?
]gk KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK \ Q @m PN d m?
CnI O+ 3VD l!0! OM N M1a#
CnI O + tE # F 4[<V M !0 Obg
CnX Olm AB O 1b 1Q
CnX O M !0N + ) O 1ab 1Q
Cn_ Oc d e AE 1D =3- o1AP p O 1VDb
Cn` O @ R!B fS !B @ D fS s<E # D s8 O 1a M1a#
Cn` O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 Obg
CnK Olm AB O 1b 1Q
CnK OM !0N + ) O1ab 1Q
Cnk c de AE 1D =3- o1AP p O 1VDb
]k^ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK # Q \ B C A PE N O @?
CIx Uud V- 9 ] 1Vdb $2 Œ!8 6 Œ ' O N + 1‚ F 4[<V M !0 Obg
CI? 2S $2L< Rzg •r 1Vdb $2 Œ!8 6 Œ ' O+ 1a + 1‚ F 4[<V M !0 O 1b 1Q
=
CIn O 2S $2L< 1• •r 1Vdb $2 Œ!8 6 Œ O+a 1a + 1‚ F 4[<V M !0 O1ab 1Q
]kl KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK \ Q F X ' S $ J 5 '\ ‹ P\ " d m?
]kl KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK \ Q @m PN d m?
CIX O+VL% ~0 @)] A s8 OM N M1a#

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


CIX O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 Obg
CI_ O+ tE # F lm AB O1b 1Q
CI_ OM !0N + ) O1ab 1Q
CI` c de AE 1D =3- o1AP p O 1VDb
CIK O1$ <S Pe# }18 2 s8 s<E # @ +AJ @ fS s<E # +AJ @ O 1a M1a#
CIK O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 Obg
CIK O+ tE # F lm AB O1b 1Q
CIK OM !0N + ) O1ab 1Q
CIk c de AE 1D =3- o1AP p O 1VDb
]lL KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK E & ( A P€ c N O @?
CX? O 4[<V M !0 Obg
CX? OM !0N + ) O 1b 1Q
CXC Oc d e O 1ab 1Q
]lg KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK \ Q ` X S$J 5 E & ( A Pt d m?
]lg KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK \ Q @m PN d m?
CXn O+VL% Tm r s– 7V2P ) S 0 OM N M1a#
CXn O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 Obg
CXI Olm AB O1b 1Q
CXI OM !0N + ) O1ab 1Q
CXX c de AE 1D =3- o1AP p O 1VDb
]l• KKKKKKK S $ J 5 \ Q ` X ' ? w 5 m ? ( Œ 8 B/ b < _ P{ # N O @?
CX` 4[<V M !0 Obg
C_x O M !0N + ) O 1b 1Q
l
C_? Oc d e O 1ab 1Q
C_n c de AE 1D =3- o1AP p O 1VDb
]}L KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK \ Q ` X S$J 5 ? m ? P\ " d m?
]}L KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK \ Q @m PN d m?

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


C_? O 1$— T 1- +A0 F Œ[65 o e OM N M1a#
C_? O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 Obg
C_C Olm AB O1b 1Q
C_C OM !0N + ) O1ab 1Q
]}k KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ‚ 6 • Ž • S • D b < _ h @- PE N O @?
]}k KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ‚ 6 • Ž • S PM % d m ?
C_I O 1V fS ‹e/# ˜ -< ™ F 4[<V M !0 Obg
]}k KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK \ Q ` X S$J 5 ‚ 6• Ž • S Pt d m?
]}l KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK \ Q @m PN d m?
C_X O {726 g 4! ! ƒ 726 ' T 3# | # OM N M1a#
C_X + tE # F 4[<V M !0 Obg
C_` Olm AB O1b 1Q
C_` OM !0N + ) O1ab 1Q
C`x Oc d e AE 1D =3- o1AP p O1VDb
C`C 437 ˜ - F ) 3# 1 OM N M1a#
C`C O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 Obg
C`n Olm AB O 1b 1Q
C`n O M !0N + ) O1ab 1Q
C`I Oc d e AE 1D =3- o1AP p O 1VDb
Ckk C`_ c d e ˆ 1V" T U1V 1ABN Oh 1a . -
Œ1a,A W

]•} KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK # % e $ D h @- % PM % N O @?
]•} KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK e $ T 3 PM % d m ?
]•• KKKKK B/ b < _ 8 @@-
V ‘ " 0 j• WŒ $ j S $ J F 07\ e $ A Pt d m?
š
C`` Oq <7 q< ) qD ˆ 1V" Obg
C`k Oq <7S q< ) qD ˆ 1V" O1b 1Q
CKx OŠ 7S ) Š 7 ) qD ˆ 1V" O1ab 1Q
]UL KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK \ Q @m PN d m?

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


CK? OTm . F +Ad ! T4 37 OM N M1a#
CK? O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 Obg
CKC Olm AB O1b 1Q
CKn OM !0N + ) O1ab 1Q
CKI c de AE 1D =3- o1AP p O 1VDb
CKX O=1 3 R3› j 1 7 O 1a M1a#
CKX O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 Obg
CK_ O+ tE # F lm AB O 1b 1Q
CK_ O M !0N + ) O1ab 1Q
CK` Oc d e AE 1D =3- o1AP p O1VDb
]Us KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK e $ J 2 . Q0 D h @- % Pt N O @?
]Us KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ’ „ • T 3 PM % d m ?
]Us KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ‚ F “ e $ J 2 . Q 0 Pt d m?
]sL KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK \ Q @m PN d m?
Ck? O€1D 1D +" # )!<d $J P s8 OM N M1a#
Ck? O4[<V M !0 Obg
CkC Olm AB O1b 1Q
CkC OM !0N + ) O1ab 1Q
CkI Oc d e AE 1D =3- o1AP p O1VDb
Ck_ O+VL% E œ s8 Oh 1a M1a#
Ck_ O+ tE # F 4[<V M !0 Obg
Ck_ Olm AB O1b 1Q
Ck` OM !0N + ) O1ab 1Q
Ckk c de AE 1D =3- o1AP p O 1VDb
n?K
n?X
n?C
nxI

‡ 1$-

d 3# ‡3$W
Rm SN ‡3$W
H6)1 N ‡3$W
+ •37 916Y ‡3$W

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit
!
" #$
%
Pt/ 2D D • 63V" Mm @ ž ] Œ1 0 -‚ D +Ÿ 3P H,A &' M 12P
+ L<V * 1Q• *& m P @ ! $7- A'&LD + L<V
lm 1AB 3S F 1VP ™ Z$2 fS l3V" 1D sQ
7- M! r tD + 7<V"# ¢ $"Z# + 6 D¡ D1" F 1 '3 ] " 1A BN 3;"B sP
W Œ! 8 6 (& $7- ” AJ " 1 D ž ] =1AP sQ d Œ 1' 1A"S F * 1 "@ 3 ] 1Ž 1B )
Œ1 D sQ lm AE D ”<VP 1£ " + )N z3D ˆ 3S +VD N ' &# 1,r M !0N +B )
L<S G $2LD s£!r tD + tE # F ' &# 1,r R u" p Œ1 D AE 1D =3- o1AP p
T!0 fS 2A# H 1A< ¤ ;/ ( 3 z 3D sQ Œ 17
H 1A 1$ r !P " G U1"2 s' 1$ W +¥ 1;D + 1B3 *&' ~L"@
91¦ B 12E - † 1D ]!V *3-y"E 2 V"E * L, L‚ Œ
g* g gŒ $ ()1 ' m W <{ 6 { m W * § 12 [S

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


¨ !B * AS b Lv Œ $ ž6†
O VD 1
g VLE 6 *©3 76 ª a M©1E P a6 ”B Q b < _ h @- ¡ + 1B3 =! ! Œ
g + Wm ! N « 1 2P • e Wg &A •1-Pg Œ!8 1 ! W , ~0 F [ B
& ' +7 7 c !P F H,A6 =! !# &' Œ - 17 p36 1 2S M©1E " &' 2S M u6 1 Œ1S¬
1 VP ™ D 1 '3 ] " +S ® # lm 1AB 12 L¯ $7- lm "@ g
Œm W p! "W q D lm ˆ 3VP 1 b a 1£18 LZD • V &' F Rm S5 U1B Œ ž ]
Œ! W3V6 g 6& + 1V [ B g ‡12 a 2S ž 8 /P D ° 6!/P 2S . 6 1ª Œm W
2…1D p ] lm 3'1² s$-6 (& =! !# &' F " Œ ~6 &£ ±lm )1.
12 !2 D 6& +VD N ' &# 1,r Rm SN +LUN S Rm # W •1W! •1-Pg W d
Re R1U fS s$2 D [ W ! 1 +³ !,. R18 N

" !
"-# $"Z# f S ¯ " R! <V s' ´ "V6 D1AB $7- lm +W3V Œ
ƒ VD Vd ž & µ 1 ‚ 1 • S F [ B g 1$<$ZD &V6 g 1$ <S <J 6 Œ s<V 1…
¶ ] 43 # Œ ¡ O 1 VP ™ 8 AE D M1 0 D1AB lm 0 ! +W3V s<V
• 4[<V
qLp
¢o1 s’B• F L% G <6 Œ g 1$b 7W Œ!8 6 g &@ ·# lm l3V6

1"› 1 s' 1$" )tD •<E ' & +W3V Œ s<S ¡ O 1VP ™ ( !2 M10

+<E <B )Y 1ABN R!$-# F +B ) $7- lm ; !A Lv D ™ !" ; !A ^?\


( ™ D ™ !" ( S1. Cš 91 !<V Œ D ‡1-D L <05 L<V | <Z# S . P
T !2# +26 # N o s8 ‚ R!<V ) O† 12 + $7- = 3- F 41$7- lm "@ 1AB ( S1.
k `š ^RCxxI\ +2B
C

1 $$d f S ' & # 8 L"# l3V6 1$" )tD s$A' & 3 &D +™ = 3- F s$Wm "@ ŒN ±
91E -2 U !- 3$— P 2'] c "-"6 9m 8 /# * y c {"6 }!d 3# c d 3
H 6)1 N l3 V6 1 A N 3U1. A ( ] 2S u L"6 !% M ¸E 1D 1$ W 3²12 "6

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


H 6)1 N q D L% 1 D R! 76 + !d 3# + ,d 3 Ug +- V{ +, ,.
qLp
¢9 )12 ) 3W g <S 8 /6 g 9g ¹ ¸# 1'3'1— D M!LV# 91 1V"#

O+ 1" o172 F =! !# + > M1Ÿ 8 L6

º 6z l 3 , S 8 P ¶ 9 )1$"d g ž<P Œ S •/8 P lm "@ g 1AB +W3V Œ ?


„J ;# 1$<a# &V6 1B S ' [ p!' 9 !$

= 3- fS M!r N G 63¼ fS T )17 +8 <# s<V 1… F L2P 1» C

Š LS 8 /D 7- M!r + > 3$— P 1» n

2A sU1 7 lm " @ g Œ - 17< qAP + $7- ' &# S ‹!8 / W 2P 1$"W3VLD Œ I


' &# 1,r 2S T´ "V M!r S !0 fS

+ !r + $7W + 18 D D z1" 1 X

" #$
O+ 1" 1AB³ =! !# &' F H,A 9e@
1» 1 D ”AB " " >
3;" B "B ) -‚ D 7W 1 b !LS !r m B5 7- + @ F +Aœ 3
š!. d fS 1$2 T)1-"Bg 4[<V qD lm ;< b 1a ~ 1 1» 3 ] " 1ABN

" % &
g -‚ D 2S 41$7- lm "@ 1AB S " <S ~V<… [ W d ¶

Lv O” 7w \ N o &$# }† =!LZ# ^ '_``9\ ( !2 l† D ½ › 163 z !D ( !2 ^?\


C`š ? ^RCxx? '?ICC\ 9 D ¾ 3V ¿ e 41 ) ^ VJ # Z
n

•<"¼ 1VP ™ D +763… ~ 1 mb L• lm 1AB S s<8 P 9 d 2


D *3 ] 1 3;"B ' "B ) ~ 1 lm AB 7- qD L¯ H s$2S
D +763… ~ 18 W + $7- U1E # F 41$7- lm "@ 9) 1AB 1VP ™

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


lm =1 d + $7- + tE # F !-<"@ 6& 41$7-< &V ‡[" ' 1VP ™
AB F " ª 1' œ S Tu L" ¢ $"Z# +6 D¡ D1" F "763… ~ 18 W M!r N F s$Wm "@
d lm 1A B S s<8 P ª 1$ <S ~V<… " "8 ƒ VD 3 ] Œ 8 L6 lm
O d 3# *&' 1$2 T)1-"Bg

F lm 1A B • 0 1VP ™ • - Š S i /< B Q b < _ h @- ?


O 63
O ' ! +Qm Q 1') :2 )!d lm "@ g 1AB OM N
+2E 1"8 ' R18 N )1. U1V lm "@ g ^
:2 s$W F lm "@ g AE D lm "@ g ^
"$d s<VP ¶ [ W ¨ M!B3 VW <S M 6 [ W s$Wm "@ ^
•<";# + )N =1Ÿ 5 ‡1 7 D . 76 W : g [ W lm "@ g 1AB O 1a
1$ W
bg1 a 3 & 6 s Q + )³ ˆ 3VP Œ ) W 4[<V M !0 3 &6 sQ AE 3 &6 Œ Z$2 Œ1
+ tE # F + )N 3 &6 sQ AE ž ] 1$ W lm AE D Œ1 " + $7- = 3- q 1a
D1" Œ1 8 W AE 1D =3- o1AP p qA6 1 1Ab 1œ lm AB F ”<VP 1£ " + $7-
1A &' F ~6 1 {W

+V 1d 1$ 0 "E d 1 + 1B -7a Š S D ¶ 1B !" • tP PB Q b < _ h @- j]


O ' ! +Qm Q F lm 1AB • ¸# • 0 p37 R
š!. 2 1D +…1 5 R S AAB Œ1 (& lm "@ g ^
š!. 2 s$W F lm "@ g ^
W : g [ W lm "@ g ^
AE & '~ w + d 2# + $7- + <a N1D Pt6 sQ lm AB 3 &6 Œ Z$2 Œ1
I

ž ] F 4[<V M !0
™ D 1'3 ] " 1ABN P3P F !' + 1B3 *&' T)1-"Bg d
¢ $"Z# +6 D¡ D1" F 1VP

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


+1B ½-J . !" • tP PB Q b < _ 8 6 ƒ % 5 6 8b < _ X jg
O ! +"B F lm 1AB • ¸# • 0 3'zN +V 1d 1$ 0 * !" )
R18 N fS À 1- N + g) •3J D +7<V"# + !r N S !7 ^
S M!L/ H À 1- N + g D +7<V"# + !r N S !7 ^
$2 3 N1D +7<V"# + !r N S !7 ^
+2E Œ•37 1– :"Á " S !7 ^ )
‡1 7 =1Ÿ 5 1– :"Á " S !7 ^ '
1$ W •<";# + )N ^
M !0N 3 &6 sQ AE 3 &6 Œ Z$2 Œ1 }18 2 1D F 17b AJ P 1$<Vd +¥ 1;D ž ] AP sQ
AE = 3 - q D  D Œ D AE &' ~w +d 2# + $7- = 3- 1D Pt6 sQ + )N
LZD Ä t6 ÃW + 1B3< +¥ 1@ <Vd (& ” AJ " F 1 + 1B3 N !DN F &'
+ )N M !0N 3 &6 1 VD + $7- + tE # F d !P " 1ABN
U1E # F 4[<V M !0 fS =m …g F Pe F Œ1 + 1B3 *&' T)1-"Bg d
+ $7- + !r N

* ! " ) + 1 B 1 yA ½-J . !" • t P P\ < - H W Q 8 *T . ? #% X jk


Z$2 1 $ W •<";# + )N T U1V lm "@ g 1AB 3 ] 0 3'zN +V 1d 1$ 0
1 b a ž ] F s$" ) " Z F 4[<V M !0 3 &6 sQ AE l3V6 1"8 &' F
3 &6 U1E # F " Z$2 ~ 1 + S3- U1E # )b S 3 &6 sQ M !0N qD c d 36
W •<";# r N qD  D36 Œ œ s$2 ) 1$ W 41$7- M !0 sQ + tE # T !r
U1E L< a,D F s$<r tD M!7 1,r R u" p qA6 g = 3-

+ $7- + !r N U1E # F 4[<V M !0 fS =m …g F 2 T)1-"Bg d


X

" '( )*
™ D 1'3 ] " lm "@ g 1AB sE 0 F 1b U 37"B 1Z$2
b a,D F ~VAP
1 $7- ” AJ " sE 0 F 1b < <w 3@ • -*.' /0, *+ $"Z# +6 D D1" F 1VP

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


3 ] d Œ AE < * 1A"S F 1VP ™ D * 1"@ 1 3 ] ÃW H 1a sE 7
±1 b 1 1Ž 3a8 AE ž ] ~w 1'3 ] " +<a N Ÿ 3 &D Ru" ¶ 1'3 ] " +<a N ƒ VD
H ,A F A"# G $2# Œ18 W <d + tE # F 4[<V •<"@ (& AE 3 ] !' . 7 ŒN
O 1" !,2 fS
1VP ™ D *3 ] (& lm AB 3 ] ?
ž] ~Z" Œ = u2 v 3
2 u s$A P3 P E AE F +VD N ' &# 1,r q !r N M !0 3 ]
A'& " fS R1 M!0 7 F b L"V
! $L% M! 7D D ! $L% M!0 1-b 1Å AE F s£!0 Œ1 ] +63'1— M!0 3 ]
M! 0 3 ] g ÃW +VD N ' &# 1,r + tE # F lm Œ1 ] 1
8 ±*3 ] ÃW $7- ” AJ " F !$L% M!7 • 1Å M!0 s£ Œ1 ] g +63'1—
+ $7- + tE # F lm AB !' (& s$<r tD s$…1AP p qD
2u Pe fS +AP3 Mg "Bg d + !r N + tE # F + )N z3D 3 ]
O qAAE ž ] 1$"/012 R S
" lm 1A B ! ' (& =! !# r S 3 + 1…5 + /@ OM N
D 1'3 ]
mb { W AE ž ] F M !0N + ) 3 &6 s 1VP ™ DŒO 1a
1$"/012 S

O 1{6
b qAAE ž ] AE ž ] 1A"S F ( c d 3 3 ] sQ

M1 a# F 1 '3 ] l! B " + $7- + tE # F ( c d 3 M!7 <S 2D 8 OM N


7 AJ "
_

= 3-  D + $7- U1E # F M !0N qD c d e F c G $2 ( 2S Œ!8 6 8 O 1a


. W S 1 H,A &' H 1A <J M F "VAP G $2# &' M!r N1D
+ 1B3 *&' 1a 1A 1a . - !' (& c d e ˆ 1V"

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


Œ "- 1Å 8 1# '&L< "7W ! p 1VP ™ D 1 "@ 3 ] _
* 1 "@ 1Ab 1œ W 3 &6 g (& $"Z# +6 D D1" F Œ1 4 !B ž ] F 1 "@ 9 d
1Q F <S 9¬ G $2# &' ¢ 7- M!r F ( Æ ¡ D1" F Œ1 !r N
c d e ˆ 1V" . W S 1 + 1B3 *&' H 1A <J

¶ AE & '~ w 1 VP ™ D 1'3 ] " + $7- = 3- ƒ VD 3 ] `


O 63 N AE &' ~w 1'3 ] " = 3- Ÿ 37"B
1b 1 1Ž 3a O M N
4[<V lm "@ g 1AAB
b D 1'´ "S " 1ABN 3;"B !' . 7 Œ O 1a

O PY 1 !' *3@ • H,A M b 1Z$2


b ~VAP ÃW + 7 AJ " +<a N F 1 K
ž] ~Z" Œ = u2 v 3 ^
M! 0 7 F b L"V 2 u s$A P3P E U1E # F +VD N +LUN M !0 3 ] ^
ž] 8 Œ T L"V# A'& " fS R1
M! 7D D ! $L% M! 7 1 -b 1Å + tE # F s£! 0 Œ1 ] + 63'1— M!0 3 ] ^
ÃW +VD N ' &# 1,r + tE # F lm Œ1 ] 1 !$L%
+63'1— M!0 3 ] g
1VP ™ D *3 ] [ + tE # F lm AB 3 ] ^ )
fS +AP3 Mg "Bg d + tE # F lm AB F ”<VP 1£ " + )N z3D 3 ] ^ z
2u Pe
s£!r tD 41$7- R u" p AE 1D =3- o1AP p 3 ] ^ '
° 01 1 b 1 c d e A B Œ1 D < ) T!7 M !0N ( c d 3P 1 3 ] ^
+ )N
`

ž ] + 1 B3 + 7D S • <"Á W Z$2 Œ18 W 1a 1A 1a . - 1 k


O + 1" 1AB³
d 3P $"Z# +6 D D1" F 1VP ™ D 1'3 ] " = 3- 3a Œ ^

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


c d e ˆ 1V"
1a 1A M N 1A M N . - F "<@ ) 0 1$2 b a Π^
G $2 # & ' ž< B Œ Š S 1 b u Œ18 W 4[<V qD lm @ …! 8 6 ¶ 1$2 1{VD
b Œ^
G $2 # fS . - &' F 9Ç W + 1B3 + 7D F "8 <B (& G $2L< *3'1² F 361y#
O PY
c d e ˆ 1V" ~W3S ?
+ Qm Q ~ w 1 $"<Vd s Q 1 VP ™ D 1'3 ] " !. 9• C
O ' R1E 0
q <7 q< ) ˆ 1VP
q <7S q< ) ˆ 1VP
Š 7 ) Š 7S )ˆ 1VP
(3'1— ˆ 1V" :<;" F 4[<V ž 1E 93 ]
+7D1E M!. - F ”D1E G $2# fS W 9¬ $7- ” AJ "

g M!7 E (& '&# " + $7- + !r N U1E # F M !0N + ) 3 ]


s£!7 + ) s' 2S d ¶ ]

+ 1‚ F ž ] Œ!8 6 1' !B Œ1 D 916Y s 03P

8 P¶ Œ 8 Œ 1$ <S s8 ‚ 1$"d ) F Œt/ ' *3 ] 1 Œ1 D H6)1 N G 63¼


[$ 1$¯3;"D &¦2 -" 1> F [$ W ~ 1 ŒÃW 1> q, ,. F
1>

M! 0 1 $ W )3 P + !<V 8 D +7<V"# d 3# + 1‚ F + tE # ! F3 ]
+/012 + )
K

s B 3 & D° 1 £ F” Q q B!0 qD ž ] Vd :2 1D 4[<V Rm 7 2S


T† 1A . #

% 1D * 0 ÃW % 93 ] ] 1 -‚ D . 0 ÃW D sB ~7<… ]

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


- 17 fS ‡1A" g + /@

6 !$/# œ Rm S³ sd 3P

"2L{ P [ S +, T3 8 W J V6 + 1B3< :;< S T 1AS Œ!8 P +¥ 1;D H,A s"@


91 r !" G U1"2 s' z3D + 1B3

O ' 1$ <S l 1V"# + 2- ‡ 1$- 1D + 1B3 AP


916Y ‡3$W •
1QY H6)1 N ‡3$W •
Rm SN ‡3$W •
~ AQ VD 630 + 1B3 F 1$ <S 9 L"S " )1. # d 3# ‡3$W •
1$ W T) ! 91S! !L< 1 È 1S 1B3$W
b + 1B3 + 7 F

" +,- - ./ 01
1D L" qD1 D $¥ j É•
+ 7 O fS (!"w 1» ÃW 1$ <S 9¬ " +J 1
O 1" !,2 fS ž ] +¥ 1@ sQ 1J fS H,A H 1A fS . W M!. W fS

) &'
''
(
O fS L"/P
=! !# + >
* 1 "@ AB
+7D1E 91B
H,A F Z$2
H,A F + < . -" +J
k

) *!
O Œ1a ,A W
-‚ D1D •63V" O M N H,A#

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


lm AB ˆ 3S F -‚ D G $2 O 1a H,A#

) -$
! . (/ 0 $12345 #$
%, )+, #$
OM!. W +Qm Q W * 1A"S p 9!AQ T U1V 1ABN +B ) fS L"/6
P!AQ R S 9!AQ T U1V 1ABN OM N . -
O H 1A +VAB W
T]1/ T4 37 1D + S® R18 N 9!AQ O M N H,A#
O 1J +Qm Q W
T]1/ T4 37 + Z F 4[<V M !0 O M N <J #
D 2S $7- 1'3Q T]1/ T4 37 Oh 1a <J #
$7- ” AJ " O H 1a <J #
O Œg1a W
R1 . S uZS (& A8 i / fS Pe6 1 O M N M1a#
‰ <S 4Ê g R sVJ 6 $W
qL T 1- +Qm a R16N R1 r D1"P s8 O 1a M1a#
‰g R iE ' ' :2 fS T)16u O 1a H,A#
O 1J +Qm Q W
:2 fS T)16u s8 F 4[<V M !0 O M N <J #
D 2S $7- 1'3Q :2 fS T)16u O 1a <J #
$7- ” AJ " OH 1a <J #
OŒg1a W
u 38 A 63yP s8 OM N M1a#
qL '1/ 1D 41{7 O 1a M1a#
?x

+ 26 # ' LS • 1@ ] )1 Y ´ @ O H 1a H,A#
O 1J +Qm Q W
' LS • 1 @ ] )1 Y ´ @ + Z F 4[<V M !0 OM N <J #

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


+26 #
D 2S + 26 # ' LS • 1@ ] )1 Y ´ @ O 1a <J #
$7- *3Q
$7- ” AJ " O H 1a <J #
OŒg1a W
Tz12% Tm r F T4 37 OM N M1a#
| <Z# 1 @ s8 O 1a M1a#
‡1 7< )1 Y ´ @ +- 1Å O D 3 H,A#
O 1J +Qm Q W
‡1 7 - 1@ ] )1 Y ´ @ M!A0 F 4[<V M !0 OM N <J #
D 2S $7- *3Q ‡1 7 - 1@ ] )1 Y ´ @ O 1a <J #
$7- ” AJ " O H 1a <J #
OŒg1a W
~ # S R1 . OM N M1a#
+6• " 1D 1 9!AQ O 1a M1a#
* 1 lm ;D ½"W ( 3 LS ] ! ´ @ O| 1 H,A#
O 1J +Qm Q W
½"W ( 3 LS ] )1 Y ´ @ + Z F 4[<V M !0 OM N <J #
* 1 lm ;D
2S * 1 lm ;D ½"W ( 3 LS ] )1 Y ´ @ O 1a <J #
$7- *3Q D
$7- ” AJ " O H 1a <J #
??

OŒg1a W
) V F <8 €! $J " + - OM N M1a#
A8 =1 s8 O 1a M1a#

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


B3# H6 ‚ + Z O‡)1E H,A#
O 1J +Qm Q W
B3# ´ + Z F 4[<V M !0 OM N <J #
$7- *3Q D 2S B3# H6 ‚ O 1a <J #
$7- ” AJ " O H 1a <J #
OŒg1a W
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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


$7- *3Q D 2S ¾ 1,. '& O 1a <J #
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$7- *3Q D 2S U & BO 1a <J #

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


$7- ” AJ " O H 1a <J #
OŒg1a W
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O M1a W
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‰+' 38 R s63," fS M 6 $2 ' O H 1a H,A#
O 1J +Qm Q W
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O M1a W

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


+VL% Tm r s– 7V2P ) S 0 OM N M1a#
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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


OŒg1a W
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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


D ™ D Lv +S[% “ 10 ! ¾ + 8 1# i D ™ sB17 ¾ D Lv !'
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7-"W 1$S 3W ½" 1$A !d +W18 D *• S +W17aD A/" +VL"• !V ž<P P)10

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A0 7- F *1 "W =u-6 [ J F *1 "W =u-6 Œ18 W J 7P H6 ‚ LB =3D
qLp
l!E < - D1D 7 j ½" 1$ W a# D Æ 6 1r ½" +-E <- s<S fS

" %/ 4 C " 9
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qgp
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qkp
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D Lv D Lv CX`š C '&# 1A6 Œ! 3W D nxKš C? 4m A2 Rm S B A'& ^?\


9\ Š A 2‚ )[ V D ?I_š ? i6 1P Œ D 38 - ) + 8 1# 917A… F + u !2 T3Z l!<Å
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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


qgp
lm AB ˆ 3S F ¢s<E U !-D s<V# ¡ D1"
qkp
+-E <- J s<S 2S &@ 1d e Π1' D 3-Vd !D _

2qlp 3
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+-E <- F ~W1$" ~W1Ž n


J F 91 <8 I
M1. Pg +V6® +L8 ‚ qD [ W M17# . W X

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+<# ' U17S F + )N G '12 S •/8 _
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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


3a qAAB + tE L< 3 &6

~A'& W ‰g | Z ! ' ' O 2# F !-<"@ ¡ O 2# +B1Z + tE F !0 ž ] M1a


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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


F !0 ž ] a !' M!r N1D ”<VP | lm ;< 1AAB
b 3 &6 Z 1b 1
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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


Oq]pR1E 0 +Qm Q ! !<Á g Œ•37 12 7j 1 Ÿ Œ ž]

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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


PqLp˜ Q JZ 6
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ž 1E # 6&Ž ( g 2- XI XCš ? $"Z# +6 D D K?Cš n | A7 ¾ 3V D ^?\


Xnkš ? s$-# A…37 C??š C 1 &"Bg ´ AS D XK X`š C
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?X?š ? Rm E AB 1V2. `Iš ? 2y# + 0 D I`kš
k_

1 = u2 v F : 1» s$" ) T!7 ±H 1a M!7 !' M !0N *&' ( c d 3


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OqLpŠ 6 [D 2S 1¯ Œ 8 L W 41 5

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fS H6 ‚ Œ ž ] • V M N M!7 1,r +) M N Œ ?
qlp qkp qgp q]p
2J 0 Š 7V U1E 2 10 H6 ‚ ‹ e !' ‹1,{ D 1'! AS

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Oq}p d +Qm Q 2S 1Z W M N M!7 1,r + ) h 1a 1 C

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2S ~D1a D 2S +"D1Q j œ 1Qmb Q E y 1D 2S “ T363' ¾ p!"W Œ PM %
AE 1D ½"W
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T!7 F M N Œ ) !' 2S 41J S S Œ[ <B ¾ D ž<# AS +6 LW +- 1;# 1


a8 D

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iE fS ) 1» tD s8 s<E’ m W 2S “ * !"W 9!AaD s8 12L<B ! Pt W„ 6
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^ '?n?\ +2B F!P qV 1 q< 1V q#1V Œ1 Ož 1 M10 bg S +Z s<V a
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^ '??x\ +2B T• A 1D F!P 16©3 AVP = ! 1D 3$" s' œ Š S D E ‚ ~D1Q D 6z S 2S p
?Iš _ Rm SN nn?š X ) yD i6 1P O3—
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? ( 1A c "W 3Z D Xnš ? $"Z# +6 D D IxIš C =!LZ# ( !2
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kk
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s63," D ~Aa6 g A8 =1 ΠPM % M6
qLp
!$L% '& &'

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s63," D ~Aa6 A8 =1 ΠPt M6
q]p
Du DT 3 S 2S “ +/ U1S q2 ¸ # R '& ! '
q}p qlp qkp qgp
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n`nš ? '& 9 & IC?š I 4m A2 Rm S B O3—
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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


qLp
¶ 1B H6 P™ ;
q]p
( 2S ¨ M!B @ )¡ O~ 10 s<E ( 1;A d 3@ +/U1S H6 Pt
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*© &œ -J R ) 1 O !LS Ü76 ¢+S1Z# +S1 3 ŒÃW¡ ¨ !0 Œ P W„
W 26 m W A8 =!d 1 =!% W 6 (& !' N ±R3›¹ S1 Œ Oq !‚ Œ ) 1 !' A<
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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


Œ 9 3W ¨ A2 z +/U1S +6 q763- m 1– M "B " + )N Œ ž]
c ,r H6 !' M N M!7 1,r D M "B 1 !' s63w 1– ~Aa6 g A8 +S1
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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


H6 F M1‚ !' [ 1§ 1$- 1@ " +6 3 ) F s$<r !- 1@ 0 ž<E # &– s'
~AQ 0 1$2S “ +/U1S Œ ž ] +-6& ¾ b
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CIxš ? 2y# + 0 D CxIš ? ( 1‚ () 1# _Cš ? $"Z# +6 D D ^?\


XCš C =!LZ# ( !2
F 1. " g ]!<8 CnI CC`š ? +612A 2 V Xn XCš ? 36 7 c "W R[£ D ^C\
c "W 3Z D ?XCš ? l† 5 1'! AS “ 1 7 n_n nXKš ? 1 A8 U1E #
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‰M1# [$B
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2= +' 1 2 1
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b

D nXK nX`š ? 1. " g ]!<8 CIxš ? 2y# + 0 D XCš C =!LZ# ( !2 ^?\


F ” 7," c 72P ()1 £ AS D ™ D Lv 6 | L ()1£ AS D nn_š ? ( 1A c "W 3Z
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O1$2 ±+ )tD M N M!7 1,r M "B

( „ $ / 3 ¡ OM10 ¨ M!B Œ O ™ 3 AS D 38 D ¾ S 1$ D S ž1 S ?
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(3'u B3 fS

C`Iš C $"Z# +6 D D ^?\


H6 _`Kš C s63 y ‡m W F 41 d 1 1D =! A 1" Ot…!# F ž 1 m B3 &8 ' d 3@ ^C\
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1E <- 9! L6 (e/ # 1D | <-" 1" Op´ 8 2E F 7$ A ^nXCx\ H6 CK_š n
g!b r ! ( ?__š I 1QY h 1V }† F ( 1,J ^??xn`\ H6 I_š _ La 1D
T363' ¾ S
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nkš n A‚ : ;<" 2S <r ž1 1,r ƒ VD Œ $L" F ž 1 U 3œ F ž 1
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H6 Ckš n =! A 1 " O 22 B F 2J 0 ¢c ,r E H6 ¡ OM10 X_Cš n
I`š _ La 1 D 1E <- 9! L6 (e/ # 1D | <-" 1" Op´ 8 2E F 7$ A ^?xk\
m B5 "8 # + 1a o <y 4 6 Ò 1 Lv 1A N ,,r ^??xnK\ H6
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p!0N ! 0 s$<V * 2S +Z B3# F lm AB ! 3V"6 ¶ +<D12‚
+ )N

+ tE # F :
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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


W s$Wm "@ AB d 36 T a + $7W = 3W F 4[<V lm "@ g b 1a Œ1 AE &'
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?_`š ? ”D1E d 3# ^C\
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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


2 '0
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d 1 A ?_Iš ? ”U1 7‚ q AP V<6u ^?\
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D )36 (& AE M!r F s$Wm "@ d 36 H6 ‚ +,r F lm &' ƒ U1 ' "d z
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Rm E AB 1V2. CnCš ? ” 7," c 72P ()1£ AS D I?_š ? 2y# + 0 D ^C\
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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


, .OR ) >B9:;

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¢T = T _ Y D< ƒ ¡ OM10 ¨ O!' +. D H6 LV +- 1Å

1 !/ IkCš ? Rm E AB 1V2. ?_Xš ? A‚ : ;<" 3Z D ^?\


nnX nnIš ? 1… N
<% '! J 72/ n_nš ? U12. U D 1B18 n_`š 36 7 c "W R[£ D ^C\
C Ê 3 + 1 Ê 3 ?_`š ? $"Z# + 6 D D C_Xš ? <@ + )
K RN VW1/ ?nIš I =!LZ# ( !2 Iknš ? 1",# 2y 2 D® ?_Iš
_n_š
? W18 + 0 D CKCš ? 9 ) 5 ½ $"2 }† ?xš C =127 l1/ P!$A ^n\
?kxš
?_`š ? $"Z# +6 D D ^I\
?CX

2 ')12 7
D'9
O1$2 ±+ )tD M N M!7 1,r M "B

• . • 6• Œ A0 3W !' ¨ A2 ½$" 2S “ T38 D ¾ S ?

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


qLp
¢ ' ƒ V ; • Ž # ³ • OM17W ¨ A2< ž ] 3 &W •.

*3 t6 ¶ * •. •<@ !' D T38 D ¾ 4 "0 z!d¹ ¨ A2 Œ P W„


q]p
+, ,r •. •<@ )3-2# Tm r Œ fS M W T)1S51D

R -<@ s "6 ~L7W ¨ M!B 12D fr ¡ OM10 2S “ ž1 D| S C


qgp
¢12-<@ s <B

z !d fS M W •. •<@ T)3-2 ' D T 3# 4 "0 z1d ¨ A2 Œ P W„


qkp
* •. •<@ )3-2# Tm r

O1$2 ±+ )tD h 1a M!7 1,r M "B


Œ *3 tW * •. •<@ Š . 6 mb d p ¨ M!B Œ Oqlp AV D +. D S ?
q}p
Pm r V6

^`Xx\ s0 H6 C`?š ? •. Œ ) ] 1D Tm . 1" O , ,r F ( 1;A d 3@ ^?\


C__š ? <% ' ! J 72/ n_Kš ? 36 7 c "W R[£ D ^C\
s 0 H6 Ck_š ? M1 d 3 •<@ 41E 2 Tm r 1D Tm . 1" O , ,r F ( 1;A d 3@ ^n\
! Q T3Ì . fS Tm . +<W12 F +S[% z !d 1D Tm . 1" O , ,r F s<E ^Knn\
^__x\ s0 H6 IXKš ? 9 3'1J 1' œ
n_nš ? U12. U D 1B18 _n_š K RN VW1/ ^I\
A2 S p E P +2B A2 fS W ¶ 1B !D ž 1 D ¿ 1‚ D +A"S D AV D +. D !' ^X\
° A D z 3 LS ¶ 1 B * 2S p s' œ . v ~2D | 0 R S )!VE D S
u6uV AS D 3LS Œ !S Œ1 s' œ
?X_nš I 1V "Bg Xkxš _ +D1r 5 O3—
s 0 H6 ?KCš ? •. •<@ * Š . 6 d 3 1D Tm . 1" O 22B F ) ) !D d 3@ ^_\
H6 IIXš ? •. • <@ Tm . F 41d 1 1D Tm . 1" O 22B F (& e ^_KC\
? * •. • <@ d 3 Tm r 1 D Tm . 1" O 22B F d 1 D 2E ^Cnx\ s0
•. • <@ d 3 Tm r F 1 D Tm . 1" O 22B F ^?xxI\ s0 H6 nC?š
O , , r F Œ1 A D CCKš I * 2E F ™ ^?CKX\ s0 H6 nnnš ? *
s0 H6 X`k X`Xš X +S1Ÿ Tm . ) ] R1 5 R! t# R1 0 •r 3 ] Tm . 1"
?nnš ? ¡) ) ¾ 2B c ,r ¡ F h 1A N ,,r ^CCx? C?kK\
?C_

½" •0!W •. •<@ Š . 6 mb d p ¨ M!B Œ OqLpŒ1A DŠ S S C


q]p
”T = T _ („ D < ƒ < * 'œ < ƒ ( @ - • O ¨ M!B M17W d 3 l•

fS M W T)1S51D * •. •<@ fr 3 ¨ A2 Œ P: 3 R J W„

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


qgp
Pm r +,r R S

O+ tE # F c d e lm AE D =3- o1AP p P V $

1,r D M "B 1 ˆ 1VP + )tD M "B ”63W Œ Z q763- + ) 3— 2 VD


M N M!7 1,r + ) Œ H + )N qD (3'1— ˆ 1V" 1D ½LE 6 1 &' 3@ Y M!7
h 1a M!7 1,r + ) Œ Z [2 D •. •<@ fr ] )3-2# Tm r Œm J D R S fS M P
ˆ 1V" &' W F 4[<V ž<E W q763- + ) qD ˆ 1V" . ,W Pm r Œm J D fS M P
c d e L% ž<E

2 fS +. D H6 !<L,W ˆ 1V" W3 + )N qD L% ž<E !8 <B + -2‚1W


T)1S5 R u R S *3'1² ] ±T38 D D H6 17W ! M[8 - fS Œ1A D Š S H6
1$ W 3L"Bg fS *30 1# ±+<…1D Pm r ~ 1 ! 1– ¨ *3 R V

F D 7<… [ H6 ‚ •V + tE # *&' F s' 2S lm AB 8 6 ¶ + -2‚1W


qkp
+ )N qD ˆ 1V" W + - F s$V lm AB D lm AB

fS W [ -2‚ s ,B D u6uV AS D 3LS D AS D 3LS D z3v D Œ1A D Š S O!' ^?\


CkCš ` 6& $" 6& Ž ™ 3 AS 2D Sp +[ 2 1B 2S p ¨ A2
X_Iš I +D1r 5
s0 H6 nCxš ? * •. •<@ d 3 Tm r 1D Tm . 1" O 22B F d 1 D d 3@ ^C\
+L6u@ D 917Q 1d c ,r *)12B ?CCš ? ¢+d 1d u }1A. ¡ F ( r !A M10 ^?xxn\
s 0 H6 nxš n •. • <@ R! t # Tm r S3 d u 1 D Tm . 1" O , ,r F
+ S1Ÿ Tm . ) ] R1 5 R! t# R1 0 •r 3 ] Tm . 1" O , ,r F Œ1A D ^?X_k\
Cnš I * 2E F ™ ^CCxC\ s0 H6 X`kš X
??xš n Rm E AB 1V2. Xxš n 2y# + 0 D ^n\
? 36 7 c " W R[£ D n_nš ? U12. U D h 1B18 ?kCš ? o!E A# Ð @ Ç ^I\
?nIš I =!LZ# ( !2 n_`š
?C`

M!7 1,r + ) fS T38 D ¾ H6 !,d 3W c d e ž<E !8 <E W ±+ 8 1# 1


OqLpqAAB d 36 s' 2S 1$- V{P AB 1$",r R V ±h 1a

•. •<@ )3-2# Tm r Œm J D R S fS M 6 (& +26 # ' LS +- 1Å 1» PM %

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


s' 2S )1 Y ´ @ M!A0 o † ŒN ±1$-V{D s8 ,W LV +- 1Å 941d )1 • 1A@ *&'
)1 Y ´ @ M!A0 F s$<r fS 412D +26 # ' LS • 1¼ g

T38 D ¾ H6 + 1V fS p!7P g )12B5 +D3J { +- V 1» Pt

1,r + ) fS T38 D ¾ | H6 !,d 3W c d e ž<E !8 <E W ±+ VW1/ 1


p3@ +$d 1$2 p!0 !' 1 1$" 1V# +$d 1$",r R V ±h 1a M!7

R1 5 •<@ )3-2# Tm r Œ O~D1Q H6 12a6 ¡O 1VP ™ VW1/ R1 5 M10


M!0 ‡1 7 V ŒN ± D &@ ¸6 Œ 12a6 Œ1 +. D 6 36 (& H6 ‚ ~AQ !<W UuÖ
+ 1V

ŒÃW ‰ 2S -uÖ )3-2


b d 3 Tm r ~6 O 0 ‰+ 1V M!0 ‡1 7 1 O U10 M10 ŒÃW
V6 $W O 0 sV OM10 ŒÃW ‰+S[% Tm r F !' •. R1 R1 5 Tm r O~<0 sV OM10
ŒÃW ‰ )3-2
b E -2 Š ’ . 6 )3-2 d 3 Œ!8 6 1 )3-2# R1 51 Œ!8 6 Œ Š ¹ . # •<@ )3-2#
E -6 4Ê ) 3- g F | Œ fS M P [$-0! +2E W O 0 )3-2# R1 5 •0! +2B &8 $W O 0
q]p
¢1 3 ] 1 H6 ‚ F O 0 W H6 ‚1D M10 ŒÃW Tm .

D H6 ,D 12D1,r G " ¡ O( !2 M10 + )N qD L% ž<E s$2 Œ 3@ t"# ž<B


qgp
¢+ )N qD 1VŸb 1A,"Bg fS T)1S51D 6) ! qa 6 ‚ !<™ ‡1AS D H6 T38 D

•<@ )3-2# Tm r +,r R S F Œ1A D Š S +. D H6 fS L"S1W +<D12‚ 1


s' 2S [$",. ±•.

C_Kš ? $L" ´ AS D ?_`š ? $"Z# +6 D D ^?\


_n_š K RN VW1/ R1 5 ^C\
Iknš ? 1",# 2y 2 D® ?nIš I =!LZ# ( !2 ^n\
?CK

fS T38 D ¾ H6 !<™ D +"A 1 b 1VP M N M!7 1,r + ) qD [$2 D Œ 36 ¶


‹) z¡ O M10 ¨ A2 ŒN ±•. •<@ )3-2# Tm r +,r R S !' !A'] 1 ”W !6 1
)1E - Ü"76 $2 )!V S *1» <$% T)1S51D *3 t6 s<W ¢ VP g 1r b 3

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b Œ1 •.
1#1S •<@ Š . # ŒtD T)1S51D Œ1A D Š S +. D H6 F ¨ *3 !<™
s8 ‚1D

“ T38 D ¾ H6 Œ1A D Š S +. D H6 qD ˆ 1V" -"26 L% &$AW


1Vb Ÿ s$2S

D Š S +. D H6 ˆ 1V6 1 W | <W 2S “ ž1 D| H6 1
~-0 ! 1– j ! t# +2E ' •. •<@ 41E 2 Tm r ŒN ±s' 2S [$2S “ Œ1A
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1'b 38 ž ] Œ18 ±M1d 3 •r F

!$W 3œ g +2E ¬ tD L<S 1 ™ R1 5 s ¡O 1VP ™ Ä 1S1E M10


D J A6 g [$2 D ” W!" D . › [D H6)1 N qD Ÿ • ‹1S 3— 1W 12"LU R1
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¢ . # qV"6 (& !' 1$<LS 4Ê

•<@ )3-2# Tm r Œm J AD “ 17 h 1a M!7 !' s<S ( c d e6 (&


F ¯¶ L &V •. •<@ fr Œ g = u2 v F : 1» s$" ) T!7 ±•.
!' &' +d 1,< +, ,r Pm . W •. F M!@ <S &VP W •76 1 b 18 •.
&VP ] )3-2# Tm r 1D LW 1$2S uZV 1D Â 7E P Tm . 91Ad ŒN ±c ,. ‡1 7
M !0N + )N qD 1VŸb +S[% Tm . <S
qgp
[$™ s7 D *& L<P + L P D Rm B5 i . -" &' 1"@ 0

K`š C = A# c <- D ?kxš ? F1 8 + 0 D Xxš n 2y# + 0 D ^?\


?xš C =127 l1/ Ä !$A CKCš ? 9 ) 5 ½$"2 }† Ä !$A
1A / ™ R1 5 2E P3P 1D3 c "- P1S1E 1D $/ 12A ™ 3 AS ™ P1S1E ^C\
nCKš X ^ '?n`?\ N o • F qL<E # Œ !@ 5 +VAJ
CXk CXKš C qV0!# Rm S s 7 D nknš Cn p 1"- =!L• ^n\
?Ck

65 +,
W % J B KL & =
U

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


C - / ST U52=@
2 '0
K $= +' 1 2 1
O q !0 fS + S® R18 N 91AQ F +Z ‡1 7 1A"S F 4[<V •<"@

+ S® R18 N 91AQ F D LV ¯ =® F +Z ‡1 7 Œ PM % M6
qLp
+<D12‚ + VW1/ + 8 1# + -2‚ !$L% '& !' &'

+ S® R18 N 91AQ F D LV z!¯ g =® F +Z,D | ‡1 7 Œ Pt M6


q]p
+63'1— '& &'

2 ')12 589
O1$2 + )tD M N M!7 1,r M "B

# F /0 59$
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= G@ O 1VP !0 ^?

ŒN ± 1 A"S Tz 1 Z# =3 - r N S s8 ‚1 D Tz 1 • ‡1 7 Œ O+ g d
+ 6Y :2 D D ! t 1A"Sg 1A"Sg ‡1 7 1W Tz 1Z# !' !AV *12V 1A"Sg

(!2 BN XXkš C M!. - R1 8 d 1A Ix_š n ¬ N •/ ( 1;A u6uV AS ^?\


Kx?š C M!E +61»
R?kkC\ T3'1 7 H6 ‚ ) † 1 2 + 1a o R1 8 N M! r F R1 8 5 (3'1 — Ru D ^C\
n`xš ` ^ '?I?n
^C\ s0 +6• ® ‚ T !B ^n\
?nx
qLp
b
1{6 D b ! t ‡1 7 Œ!8 W !d !< 3 N

ž ˆ 3 S ] Ü 7P • ¡ O1b 10 L aVD q ]1V# M10 ¨ A2 S ( 1 ^C


OM1 0 ¨ M!B +2E AW OM10 ‰ 1" F Ö ¶ ŒÃW OM10 1"8 D Ü0 OM10 ‰41{7

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


M!B Æ W !•g 6
$"d OM10 ‰ 1" F g ¨ M!B +2B F Ö ¶ ŒÃW
q]p •
¢ M!B “ 36j 1# M!B •
M!B ”W (& L‚ OM10 * r ¨

B! M&D !' 6 $"d OM10 [2 Ad D ]1V !r A2 ΠO+ g d


91 AQ F ‡1 7 1D LV + S† f S M 6 1ª +2E 1"8 F 1 fS ‡1 7 1D s8 ‚ <… F
qgp
+ S® R18 N

A2 ~ PtW sU1 r 1 1 $"<A7W T 3 # ~/ /' OM10 1J D 3LS S ^n


6 ‘ 3 $ •O M! B M1 7W sU1 r 1 ~ <A0 [b — S b 3 ~ P M!B 16 O~<7W
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”uY Q *• OM10 ‡tD g O~<7W ‰¢Y ƒ ‘ " B/ ‘ C C G

1 J W5 R S f S + <A7 1D 1 J W5 R V ¨ A2 ‡1 0 &' Œ OMg "Bg d


F T3Q¸ # + <A7 )!. 7 ŒN ž ] q<V- R!. F 3Q¸# M!. R S 1ZD +{L{#1D

u 6uV AS C_x CXkš n } + 3 • "Å }† F! J Kx?š C} M!E +61» (!2BN ^I\


XXkš C M!. - R18 d 1A Ix`š n ¬ N •/ ( 1;A
^C\ s0 + 1 `xš F ¯3¼ ”AB ^C\
I} R1 8 5 ( Y ?ICš I} M ¸E # +-w h !'3 `X`š C} • ";# Œ1 D h 1$-r N ^n\
CXXš 3²12 + + 0 D KxIš C} M!E +61» (!2BN nCš
^CnKX\ s 0 H6 n??š C sU1. < + <A7 1 D R!. 1 " O 22 B F ) ) ! D d 3@ ^I\
^?`CI\ s 0 H6 CCš C sU1. < + <A7 F +. @ 3 1D R!. 1" O 22B F
r ½" º 1A6 g ”W W ”/2"E 6 ƒ L{L6 sU1. 1D R1 . 1" Op´ 8 2E F 7$ A
s 0 H6 C?š ? * 2E F ™ ^KxII\ s0 H6 C_?š I 3J W W!d B
*4 8 6¶ 1 P3 A7P sU1. d 3< + 1D5 3 ] R!. 1" O , ,r F Œ1A D ^?nK\
s 0 H6 Xk_š ? ‹ "E # F s 1 ‚ ^nXII\ s 0 H6 n?nš K '38 6 4Ê
F h 1 A N ,, r A'& 7W *1d 3Á ¶ q; / o† fS c ,r H6 &' OM10 ^?X`C\
^CxKk\ s0 IXCš ? ) )¾ 2B c ,r ¡
?n?

1> m 41# !' G ! ! !' +{L{# F 3Q¸# Œ [ 2# !' 1@ 3@ !' R!.


qLp
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Œ18 W 18 œ D M!7 s$2 38 P 0 s$ <S Œ! +D1,. Œ $d O=1Ÿ 5 ^I

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


q]p
(& 1 "8 F [$2S “ (3V N ½B! ¾ N 3LS M!0 ž ] LW 1S1Ÿ
b ž]
M1 a N l3 S +2E 1 "8 F žy<A6 ¶ 1ª ‹ r F G <"Á [ W s$- s$- ¡ O aVD
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¢p3P [ W ”‚1D 1$$A 2S 1$A LS1W ž ] 2S ! N | 0 sQ *1A N

O1$2 + )tD h 1a M!7 1,r M "B

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q D R Ñ 7P D s£ s<S g 1# !-0
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X`kš C} M!. - R18 d 1A C_?š n} + 3 • "Å }† F!J ^?\


+ 61» (!2 BN _xIš C} M!. - R1 8 d 1A C_?š n} + 3 • "Å }† F!J ^C\
Kx_š C} M!E
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g!J ??Xš ?x p´ 8 2E F 7$ A
^?\ s0 +6• 9 3Z‚ T !B ^I\
^n_\ s0 +6• 4 ¬ 5 T !B ^X\
^nK\ s0 +6• R1V N T !B ^_\
^_I\ s0 +6• s63 T !B ^`\
IkI Iknš K} R18 5 Ru D ^K\
?nC

D Y @A J œ F / "–* 'Y 0 t $ 7 • OM10 A2 S 2S “ T363' ¾ S ^C


W 6 [* [ Y 7 '` 6 @ „ * B´ J 5 Y µ 7 –* 'Y @" w 5 Y *< _ Y ¶ Ÿ-
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¢Y m -

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


4Î D3 ] D12"d d ! 1W 4Ê S½ » ] 3] A2 Œ O+ g d
F 2S H,A6 g d ! 1W D 3 g 2S 26 ¶ 1 Œ +S1J "Bg 0 fS 2 ½P¸6 Œ d ! 1W
g 1b 3 8 6¶ ] Ad !6 g 3› g s<E fS d ! 1W "-r *&' ] P1
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T Æ b
1D }1A !$W 1Ad

2E5(F'2 D'9
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qW12 + ) •V D ! "B 1 T!7 ±+ S® R18 N

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F AE Œ1 1 '3 ] " = 3- + S® R18 N 91AQ F 4[<V lm "@ F 1AAB
b
ˆ 3V F T1 u s8 O ' 1È S† m b ) ‡1 7 1A"S !' 1$ W 4[<V lm "@

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C 3 LV F T3 G ‚ ˆ 3W 1D G ‚ 1" O , ,r F s<E ^_KXK\ s0 H6 C_XKš
^?nn`\ s0 H6 k`Xš
IkKš K R18 5 Ru D ^C\
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?nn

>b $ 5
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! $W 4Ê =1 "# ˆ 3 V OqLp(3'! % M1 0 6 72 p!B M1 'ˆ 3V
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qS [» ÃW 1 s' p!B ˆ 3S

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


qgp
6 72 œ c D d N 4† A V6j 1 ' O}m J r g F

2 '0
K $= +' 1 2 1
qkp
1$ W T1 z g T 1Z" 1$2 . 76 ¶ " ˆ 3V Œ fS 4[<V ”-P

Oq !0 fS T 1Z"< 1$2 &¼ [ W T1 u 1¯ F !-<"@

! $L% b
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+<D12‚ + VW1/ + 8 1# + -2‚
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+63'1— '& &' T1 u 1$ W Ö g Pt M6

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+V D Æ )m D l!… z1Z‚ 3W1B F E VB ¾ « 1- Š S ¾ fS + D3V 30 • 3V
| 6 " f S 1 – [b 7 Mu6 s<W !D1E 7" sQ Œ1B 3@ 1Vdb )1S l !J *3… Ë 0 1#
!,2 F + 7# 1" + D3V }1,r +y< 1P O P1-2. ^ 'nkn\ +2B F!P ½" • t"
¿ e 41 41 ) 41D)N sZV ^ ' _C_9 \ (!L‚ 3 AS D 9!016 (!L‚ O3—
C_`š C q- ¸# sZV ?X?š _ 9 ) 9 D ¾ 3V
C_Kš Cn + "6!8 + $7- +S!B!# O3— 26 ?_Xš ` 3V Œ1E !— 2 D ^C\
nx_š C =127 l1/ P!$A ^n\
nx_š ? $"Z# +6 D D ^I\
II`š n + 612A 2 V C?Kš C + 6 £ }† + 612V Ä 3D1 A CCXš C 36 7 c "W R[£ D ^X\
( )3# I_š C RN VW1/ ?x?š n 1",# +61» Š 3 I_Cš C Ê 3 }† Ê 3
nx_š C =127 l1/ Ä !$A Ix`š ? 9 ) 5 ½$"2 }† Ä !$A ?nKš n l1. 5
?Cš I 9 D 38 - ) f,# (3'1— Ru D VB D ™ D Š S Ru D ^_\
nx_š ? $"Z# +6 D D ^`\
?nI

2 ')12 D'9
O1$2 + )tD M N M!7 1,r M "B

* V 1ª T1 u 3; Œ 1 3 t6 M!B Œ1 ¡ OM10 2S “ 2d D T3LB S ^?

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


qLp
¢ A<

Y • 8 ' A ƒ ( H 8¡ OM!76 M!B ~VLB¡ OM10 2S “ ]¾ S ^C


qgp q]p
¢W A ƒ xŠ @y 8 ' A ƒ

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D )!. 7 M1Ï 1$2 mb Œ 1ZD +{- '& + 1# ¿ 3‚ O ' =1Ÿ 51D T1 u 1$ W
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T)16u + L2"

O +63'1— s' h 1a M!7 1,r 1

F T1 u !d ! $L% D M "B 1 • V{P ‡1 7 M1J D Ož ] F sŽ LVW


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+ & T4 3D !' r N !Vd 3W T 1Z" ˆ 3S

2E5(F'J I K', L .'M ;%N 2 +, %


T 1Z" ˆ 3S T1 z !d F ‡1 7 fS L"S !$L% Œ Z + )N ˆ 3S VD

kXš C T 1Z"< ~ 1 ] ˆ 3V 1D T1 u 1" 22B F ) ) !D d 3@ ^?\


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b
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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


A &' Œ [ B g +Z‚ [– R!7P E‚ Œ1 7P36 [$03… =!LZLD [» g M17 [$ W Œ1
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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


HI
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589
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gR ! d ! Ü "76 Œ q D R1 ¥ 51D 3 N ))3 P 1 A & ' F 1 QY ˆ 1 VP ! ' &' F

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


KqLp¢ {"76

2 ')12 7
D'9
O1$2 + )tD M N M!7 1,r M "B ^

Y^ 1 X %@
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q]p
X = ?6< P

! T3 LV 3 &6 s +6Y *&' F G ‚ d 0 1VP 1,AB ŒP W„


qgp
1'3 & +Ad ~1

0 Rm B5 ƒ U 3 W Œ M! B 1 6 OM17W A2 41d (& D 3SN H6 C


M1 0 s Q T3 LV 3 & 6 s Rm B5 U † 3 &W ‰ž ] Š S ][W Š S 93Q18 P
OM! 76 ! ' ¾ 3 SN 3D)tW ¢†y 6n my y ° y n ¢ ' y ¡ O M17W ‰1' œ 4Ê Š S O D 3SN
Kqkp”˜ y y ƒ y ° ¢ ’ y y *° y ¡ O M17W 2 :7 g ž ] fS 6z g

+ Ad ~ 1 ! T3LV 3 &6 s Rm B5 ƒ U 3W S• 0 A2 Œ P W„
qlp
Rm B5 ƒ U 3W S• [2 A2 1'3 &

OM1 0 ‰ ' +Ad OT3LV S ¦B A2 Œ [$2S “ AS D 3D1d S n

Inx š ? $"Z# +6 D D ^?\


k` s0 +6• Œ 3LS M• T !B ^C\
XCnš n ž 1E # 6&Ž ( g 2- I`Kš C U12. U D 1B18 ^n\
H6 __kš C Œ1{ R! r !d 1 D R!. 1 " O , , r F ( 1 ;A d 3@ ^I\
? Rm B5 Œ1 ' " 9 !<. Œ1 D 1D Œ[65 1" O , ,r F s<E ^?`kC\s0
^??\s0 H6 Ixš
nK_š + 2E !d ! qD T3LV q m . I`K š C U12. U D 1B18 ^X\
CCx
qLp
¢( C * 6 * ' ¡
q]p
+Ad !D ~E T3LV Œ fS M W !d ! - fS : A2 Œ P W„

P #[ \ " M6 h O ƒ M - qh

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


qgp
$_ RP [ - O 1VP !0 ?

8 P s ! <W !d !< 3 N T3LV R1¥ ÃD 3 1VP 1,AB ŒP W„


qkp
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6z D H6 C

OM10 ^kn?\ H6 C`xš n ‰g ' +Ad T3LV F 41d 1 1D G ‚ 1" O 22B F (& e d 3@ ^?\
H6 nIkš I =! J P T3 LV M10 1D G ‚ 1" Op´ 8 2E F 7$ A c ,r E H6
1 " O , , r F + L6u@ D ^CCn\ H6 CKXš C G ‚ 1 " O 22B F 2J 0 ^KXnX\
I 4[ <V ƒ VD M10 1 fS +{63W 1» g 4 !B G ‚1 Rm B5 1» ˆ 3W T3LV Œ Œ1 A 3 ] 1D žB12#
-2. F +A ¾ D ^?IIn`\ H6 n?_š n * 2E F ™ R1 5 ^nx_`\ H6 nX_š
[ W 2S * 36 ¶ Lv H6 63œ ¡ O?Kxš K + <‚ F s V !D M10 ^?n_I_\ H6 CCnš n
, ,. P (& e fS 38 4[<V +S1Ÿ <S H6 ‚ &' O~<0 ¢ 1Z‚ g p
D 1 Z‚ + 6 7$ A (& e ™ * ¢ CC_š C A‚ : ;<" F 3Z D M10
D* & l! 0! 3D1d S À !-,# O 7$ A M10 • V 1Z‚ 2S 8 2# D Lv S T1…
+S1Ÿ 7 • V 1> m +V £ D H6 1S!W3 ž ] lm ;D 3D1d S( * œ G 63d
1r A 0 d ! &' ,,r (& e Π1BN T)3Z# R18 N F !-2r 6& +LUN
E ¡ 1 $ W ŒÃ W  7W @ 38 + 6 F g 2S 916 3 Ÿ F E ¡ !0 fS )u6 ¶ fS R1 5
M1 0 | f S •1 -Pg - V{P fS 3a N ŒÃW 1Z‚ d a 3— , ,. P F c ,r
S (& e 7 0 - V{P fS À 1-‚ ”-P 7W , ,. P F (& e Rm 8 D ey6 g Œ yA26 O( !2
¢~D1Q 4Ê T3LV F | OM10 VW1/
? l† 5 1'! AS “ 17 ICx š I +612A 2 V ?CK š n 36 7 c "W R[£ D ^C\
I_K š
?k_ +6• T37A T !B ^n\
IXXš C =127 l1/ P!$A ?n š X 2y# + 0 D nIš I ( 1‚ () 1# ^I\
¨ A2 Sp ” -"2# 2D W Š 7V 6z !D (3 1V 3 1S D ”-"2# D 3 1S D Â 7 O!' ^X\
Dg 1V " Bg O3— 26 -7a ‡ D 3LS d 1 D AS ‡ S D @ D 2S p
_K_š X 3Z Dg +D1r 5 ?nIxš n ´ AS
CC?
qLp
¢ ° ¢ y 5° y œ y ¢ y J° 5y f n ;r ¡ O M17W V— g T3LV g G ‚

8 P s !<W !d !< 3 N D S ["Sg1D 6z 1D 3 A2 Œ P W„


q]p
D S ["Sg1D *3 1# +Ad

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


¢ 6° 3y y ¢ f Š R°y 8¢ Dr y ° r ° ‘ ° y _ y #y ¡ OM1 0 A2 S [$2S “ ‡1AS D S n
qgp ¢ ¢
¢ y y °
qkp
D!d ! +Ad Œ!8 "W L8 &@ tP 1» G ‚ F M!@ ½2V Œ P W„

2 E5(F'J I K', L .'M ;%N 2 7


+, %
F + 0m S ] ™ D *3 ] (& lm AB Œ Z + )N z3D ˆ 3S VD
$_ RP [ - O 1VP !0 R1¥ 5 F 3 N s$W +$d + tE # *&' F lm AB
S )3 Z# 3 N Œt D s$< r f S 412D 1– !d !D M10 + 1P T3LV VW R1¥ 5 ) 3# Œ s$W LW

^?K?x\ H6 ?_Cš C * œ SG › d 3 1 D ž B12# 1" O 22B F ) ) !D d 3@ ^?\


H6 C_kš n ~ # A8 i / S G ‚ F 41d 1 1D G ‚ 1" F O 22B F (& e
J "E 6 g (& d 3 S T3LV 1D žB12# 1" O½A"Z# F U1E 2 c ,r E OM10 ^knx\
C J "E 6 ¶ ] ‚ S G ‚ 1D žB12# 1" O 22B F d 1 D ^C_n`\ H6 ??`š X
Fs 1 ‚ ^Cxk\ H6 CKnš C G ‚ 1" O 22B F 2J 0 ^Ckx_\ H6 k`xš
O , , r F + L6u@ D q; / o† fS c ,r OM10 ^?`_K\ H6 _XIš ? ‹ "E #
D ^nxIx\ H6 nIXš I ´ 8 T3LV J "E 6 g (& S T3LV 1D žB12# 1"
k 4 ! B G ‚ ˆ 3 - 1$ 3W ] + < 3 ! J "E 6 g 3] G ‚ 1" O , ,r F Œ1A
F ™ ^Xxx\ H6 ^?nCš\ ž B12# 1" O½7"2# F ) 1% D ^nkk?\ H6 nxIš
A8 s ZV# F h ´ J ^?xk?\ H6 ^?I`š\ O* 2E FÐ 1J ?xš I * 2E
^?Xxx`\ H6 n_Kš n -2. F +A ¾ D ^IX`\ H6 Cxnš ?k
F ( ! 2 ,, r 2 c r g &' )! d 1a6b T3 LV 1¯ F s<S g ™ R1 5 M10
_š ` =!LZ#
IX_š C =1 27 l1/ Ä ! $A ?nš X 2y# + 0 D _ š ` =!LZ# ( !2 ^C\
nKkš + 2E !d ! qD T3LV q m .
^?CIx\ H6 k??š C G ‚ 3$ F T3LV z !d 1D G ‚ 1" O , ,r F s<E d 3@ ^n\
!d ! qD T3LV q m . IX_š C =127 l1/ P!$A nX š I ( 1‚ () 1# ^I\
nkx š + 2E
CCC

U 30 fS 1{6
b L"S +<D12‚ + VW1/ O 1a M!7 1,r s' !d ! fS M 6 U 37
* œ Š 7V 6z D H6 , +6!A2 +2E !A'] 1 fS M P p3@

1,A B *3 ! L$W s» Ã W + 8 1# + -2‚ s ' M N M!7 1,r 1

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


4b "D 1 – !d g1 $W= ® VD 1$ 1¥ ) 3# Œ $_ RP [ - +6Y F 1VP
F s$2 D lm Œ1 D !d !< * 1A"S1D s$<r fS 412D 3 N + g) F !- 1Á s Œ] s$W
$_ RP [ - O 1VP !0 F 3 N s$W

ž ] + <D12‚ + VW1/ '& !' 1a M!7 !' q !7 6&' c d 3


O+ 1" 1AB³
T3LV !d F : 1» D ! "B 1 T!0 ?
lm ;D T ¸ +2 B 1 ¯ <S Pe6 1 +61œ ŒN ž ] o! !d ! 1D M!7 Œ C
+2 B 1 ¯ Œ ž g 6 ƒ U3 W +{63W - <S Pe6 ÃW + 2E 1D M!7
+{63W !d - o! Ç 6T ¸

OŠ 6 [D + 8 1# + -2‚ s' M N M!7 1,r + ) S 1¯ Œ 8 L6

Oq$d 2S 1¯ Œ 8 L6 Y^ X = 1 X %@
?6< P ; !! O 1VP !0 Π?

1Pb1AQ 1b - T3LV 3 ] R V ž ] = u2 v F ~E +6Y Œ PM %

T3 LV M!@ ž ] s$ <S +Z Œ!8 P 1» ÃW = u2 v F +<@ ) 1» 12L<B ! 1 P\ "


H6 ¢ ¢ y y ¢ ° ¢ 6° 3y y ¢ f Š Ry° 8¢ Dr y ° r ° ‘ ° y _ y #y ¡ O !0 ž ] fS M) [ G ‚ F
: . ¼ z ! ZD s$<r fS 412D + 8 [< R u ˆ eSg &' Š 7V 6z D
)1 Y ´ ;D 1 D 1"8
M!@ D !0 Œ!8 W iE 2D ~E :2 fS T)16u ŒtD s$ <S ) W + -2‚ 1
X = 1 X %@
?6< P ; !! O 1 VP !7 1 b2 A G ‚ F T3 LV
qLp
Y^

() 1 # ?I ?n š X 2y# + 0 D nkn š + 2E ! d ! qD T3LV q m . ^?\


nX nIš I ( 1‚
CCn

OqLpqLE 0 1') 8 L W +2E D ! "B 1 1 C

T3LV !d - fS + g) W | c ,r PM %

p! 76 g • V ÃW T3LV !d R S F 1– ! "B " +2E R1E 0 P\ "

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


!d ! fS M P " + )N + 1V fS

j:) 9:;

2 '0
K $= +' 1 2 1
R 3‚ F =!0! E - fS ½/Á fS }18 2 !d fS 4[<V ”-P
Oq]p q !0 fS ž ] E - fS Î Á g fS L8 F !-<"@

+ -2‚ ! $L% '& & ' 2 +2 B PM % M6


qgp
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qkp
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2 :H I 2 7
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A 1 ¢Yy y r% ° Y° r ¢ « ¢X y r \ "–* 6 O r 0 y y ¡ O !0 F 2 # # W A O 1VP
¢+ 1D5 fS R
qlp
2 fS R !d ! fS ž ] F T) ! 1A@ N ž]

nknš + 2E !d ! qD T3LV q m . !" ^?\


?`Kš n 36 7 c "W R[£ D nIx š k 2y# + 0 D ^C\
Ê 3 + 1 Ê 3 II_ š C ”U17‚ q AP V<6u ?`K š n 36 7 c "W R[£ D ^n\
Cxnš I 1 ",# 2y 2 D® ?K š X <% '! 1 J ‚ ?C? š I
n?š k ( 1 ‚ () 1 # nIxš k 2y# O+ 0 D _š X =127 l1/ P!$A
IKCš C U12. U D 1B18
nI?š k 2y# + 0 D IKš ?? f,# Ru D ^I\
Xš C $"Z# +6 D D ^X\
CCI

2 ')12 7
D'9
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# # O 1VP !0 ?
qLp
2 W A

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


q]p
q$d P W„

M1 8 D Ru< 1Adb Œ1 ! | -2 J D }18 2 ”<S 1VP 1,AB Œ PM %

* ;W ? )$ (, '$ 6 % ) O 1 VP !0 ΠP\ "
( 1E P Ü "76 63 qD ;" qL ž< }18 2 qD 1VP 1,AB
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P #[ \ " M6 h O ƒ M - qh

2 # # W A O 1VP !0 ?
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^n\ +6• 41E 2 T !B ^?\


nI?š k 2y# + 0 D Xš C $"Z# +6 D D n?š k ( 1‚ () 1# ^C\
IKnš C U12. U D 1B18 Cxn š I 1",# 2y 2 D®
^?KI_\ H6 XkCš ? }18 2 {W F 41d 1 1D }18 2 1" O 22B F d 1 D d 3@ ^n\
T3 63' ¾ H6 ^?K_n\ H6 Xkkš ? )! ! 3U 3‚ G 6 uP 1D F +/U1S H6
s N s 8 D '1D h ÃW 3Q18 P !, 12P ˜ -<D ^?xnxk?\ H6 ?`nš _ -2. F • z3 AS
F + Aœ 3 1D }18 2 1" Op´ 8 2E F 7$ A d 3@ m B3 Mm ' ¾ D VB S + 1 7 R!6
s N s 8 D 3Q1 8 h ÃW !d uP ˜ -<D Š '1A + 1 ¾ H6 ^?nCnX\ H6 `Kš ` }18 2
& 2# D d 3@ • V !' (• A ~D1Q D Lv W p 1. 2 + 1A'3 ! !8 P g + 1 7 R!6
'?I?I\ + A … ) + 1a o  B N ^ 'n?K9\ 3 8 D ¾ ( !D1E 2 &2# D s ' 3D D Lv
•2 D $B H6 ^X`I_\ H6 IIš _ ^R?kkn
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3W1 B !2y"E P ! Z O ¨ M!B M10 OM10 3LS D S D S h [< A ™ 3 AS D Lv S
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2 E5(F'J I K', L .'M ;%N 2 7


+, %
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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


f S M P " g) Œ Œ ´ "V6 1 Vb Ÿ s » ž ] 3 N + g) H g + tE # F = u2 v
F + W1 1 ' 1A"S + d 1 U 3 7 s 7P F + tE # *&' F s$2 D lm v 8 !d !
s + 63'1— s ' 1a M! 7 1,r tW 1' 1A"S R S !d ! S 12' 3 N lÒ
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2

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3 N œ 6 d 3 t D g Œ! 8 6 g 41{ 7 !d Œ M N 3 N1 D 1'©1{ 0 <S ¯

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


qLp
‰M N

HI
2= +' 1 2 1
Pq]p† x (• 3 ¡

OqV ~0!D ~0¸ ”<J 1 3 N

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nIš M!r ! }1"- 1E L<" ``š C )!72 ) )3 P3D1A ^C\
}† 1 Z2 D `Kš C )! 72 ) )3 Ä 3D1 A Cxxš C 3 63," E P *1 )1D ^n\
C + 3 • "Å }† F! J ?Kxš 3²1 2 + + 0 D Xx š n 2# !8
nkXš
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CXC š ? $L" ]!<8 ?`kš
CC`

2 ')12 7
589
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F !d ! Ë "0 ] 3 N Œ ž ] 4 3D M1a" 1D g + & y M1 1,. "B ?

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


!D | ~ 0! 3@ q )Y •!7 F [ 4 3D 4 )tD g 2 ´ P m W + &
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1$2

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nkX š C
CxC š ? T V fV6 !D “ 17 ^C\
Xk š n M!¦E # +-w !'3 I_n š ? • ";# Œ1 D 1$-r N ^n\
? M!. - R1 8 d 1 A nXš M! r ! }1 "- 1E L<" _Iš T• A" (z / ^I\
CCnš
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41{ 0 ! ' $"Z# + 6 D D1" F b 1 S3W
b AE &£ ™ D3]
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3P!

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


3&
%0 45 !
7
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2 '0
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q]p
3Z- =!<… 41/V Tm r VD 3P! ~0 Œ fS 4[<V ”-P

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g W !2 W !2 Nž] "0 9 !- 3Z- VD {76 g P\ " M6


qkp
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+<D12‚ + VW1/ '& &' 3P! 41{0 ,"E 6 PN M6

C?` š ? $"Z# +6 D D ^?\


”D1E d 3# ^C\
_?xš ? U12. U D 1B18 X`I š C +612A 2 V ^n\
+ W17a + A"8 # + $7- q ! 7 ^ '`I?9\ …1 3y A<8 (u d D ™ D Lv (ud D ^I\
Ê 3 CK`š ? l† 5 1'! AS “ 1 7 CXk š ? F1 8 ´ AS D _Cš
nKIš C <% '! 1J ‚ ?CX š C Ê 3 + 1
2y# + 0 D IX`š ? 1",# 2y 2 D® XIkš CKKš C ( 1‚ () 1# ^X\
XI_š ? =127 l1/ Ä !$A XkXš C
CCk

2 :H I 2 7
589
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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


2 ')12 7
D'9
O1$2 + )tD M N M!7 1,r M "B ^

7y ¢ W¢ Š = y r ° *y 'Wr y ¢ "y ° y `¢ ¢ ° ¢ J° 5y y "y J° y ¡ O M!B M10 OM10 ( VB D S ?


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y y y DV < y ƒ y Y° 0r #y ³y
\F A2 S qkp+W & D +d 1@ p 1 j]

C?Kš ? $"Z# +6 D D ^?\


(& e ^?In?\ H6 _Xš C 3P! VD 41S F 1D Tm . 1" O 22B F ) ) !D d 3@ ^C\
D ^I_X\ H6 nnxš C *1E 26 3P! S R126 d 3 F 41d 1 1D Tm . 1" O 22B F
Fs 1 ‚ ^??KK\ H6 n`Xš ? E *3P S R1 1D Tm . 1" O 22B F d 1
1 " O 22 B F 2J 0 q; / o† fS c ,r OM10 ^??C`\ H6 IInš ? ‹ "E #
Tm . 1 " Op´ 8 2E F 7$ A ^?\ H6 CCš C E *3P S R1 1D 3P!
n_?š C * 2E F f V6 ! D ^In?x\ H6 IKxš C *3 ] ½" 3P! Š . 6 M10 1D
? ) ) D 2B c ,r OF 1A N ,,r CXš ?x + <‚ F s V !D ^???I\ H6
?_Kš
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D 3 LS Œ 1 A@ N E 2 ' ƒ VD 3 ] c "- +L<E !' ‡ 1W • tD V6 Œ1 O 0 ½"
D ) 7# R !V D Du &' +W & D +d 1;D * tW ‡ 1W lg• +Qm aD * L 3LS " š1V
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CCCš C +D1,. u ¥ F +D1r 5 I?Kš C ´
Cnx
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kkš ? Ð @ Ç M!r Ð @ Ç Ix` nkIš ? ¬ N •/
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= 1/ D 3 1Sb ® ! M1 2 V 1,b A0 ! =12" g = ® # 3 N

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R! 6 R1 r ¿ S =12" g1D •<8 # = 1/ 3 *12V O V R!r S $2 O mb aLW
Œ1 8 "7 7 R!. 9 & 1b » R1 . S $2 ´ "S !<W ± S® V fS V
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S r Œ!8 6 Œ 1 ! &# Mg "Bg Œ !' =1Ÿ ž ] Œ fS
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o' Z Z c F x " ”/ Œ D ½-J . D ™ D )17 AS Œ D D •
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l 1 V# ) + VD 3 o ^Œ 1 ' Rm E AS O” 7w \ 'h h " D À Ru D •
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T z ^(3 8 A A8 AS Lv (! <V ™ D ½-J . O” 7w \ ´ AS D •
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^ '?I?X\ N +VAJ T !2# +26 # s8 ‚

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+ 26 #1D + L<V +A"8 # N o ^( 17 }1"- AS D u6uV AS O <S ”<S\ \ < - H
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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


"8 ) ^M!<œ z h ! E D D VE Lv 3d 1' !D O” 7w \ z ¼ J z _ 8 z A'& •
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REASONS OF DISAGREEMENENT AMONG JURISTS AS VIEWED


BY IBN RUSHD, THE GRANDCHILD AND ITS JURISTIC EFFECT

By

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Zayed Al-Hebbi Zaid Al-Azemi

Superviosr
Dr. Abd-Al Majeed Mahmoud Al-Salaheen, Prof

ABSTRACT

This study has lackled the biography of Ibn Rushd the grandchild
through introducing him, his scientific life, his Juristic School, his
Scholars, students and his bibliography. We could explore his methodology
god may have mercy upon him from the way he expounded the reasons of
disagreement.
We could trace out the reasons that he mentioned in his look
“Bidayat Al Nihaya” related to the principles of jurisprudence and studying
them, his motives of selecting them, if any, then followed that juristic
application that included a study to the views and arguments of the four
schools scholars, then highlighting the prominent evidences related to the
reasons of disagreement then showing how for they are related to sub-
principles, then showing how far the leaders of the four schools were
committed with an issue with the principles related to a comparative,
scientific method then highlighting the personal opinion of the researcher
based on the strength of the evidence.

I closed down the study by a conclusion that covered all the


important findings that the researcher could reach up.

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