SCIENCE 7 REVIEWER MESOSPHERE – middle and coldest layer where meteors
burn up
GLOBE - a three-dimensional representation/model of
the earth
*IMAGINARY LINES ON THE GLOBE*
LATITUDE – imaginary horizontal line that runs from east
to west
LONGITUDE – imaginary vertical line that runs from north
to south
PRIME MERIDIAN – an imaginary line that divides the
earth into eastern (right) and western (left) hemispheres
at 00 longitude
*SPECIAL LATITUDES*
EQUATOR – an imaginary line that divides the earth into
northern (above) and southern (below) hemispheres at 00
latitude
TROPIC OF CANCER – lies at 23.50N latitude
TROPIC OF CAPRICORN - lies at 23.50S latitude
ARCTIC CIRCLE – lies at 66.50N latitude
ANTARCTIC CIRCLE - lies at 66.50S latitude
TROPICAL ZONE – located between the Tropic of Cancer
and Capricorn.
TEMPERATE ZONE – between the Tropic of Cancer and
Arctic Circle and between Tropic of Capricorn and
Antarctic Circle which experiences the 4 types of seasons
– winter, spring, summer and fall
POLAR ZONE – between the Arctic Circle and North Pole
and between Antarctic Circle and South Pole,
characterized by very cold climate
RENEWABLE RESOURCES – resources that can grow again
or can be replaced after it is consumed.
Examples: water, solar radiation, plants, animals and wind
NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES - resources that cannot be
replaced or may take a very long time to replace once
consumed.
Examples: soil, rocks and minerals, coal, petroleum, oil
SUSTAINABILITY - the practice of using resources wisely
so that future generations can benefit from them.
POLLUTION - the presence in the environment of a
substance that has harmful or poisonous effects
OVERFISHING - the removal of marine living resources to
levels that are too low for sustaining viable populations
ATMOSPHERE – great mass of air that envelops the earth,
composed of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon and
0.038% carbon dioxide and other gases.
TROPOSPHERE – lowest layer where weather occurs
STRATOSPHERE – where aircrafts fly and ozone layer is
Found
*Ozone layer – made up of ozone which filters out most
of the sun’s UV radiation
THERMOSPHERE – hottest layer and where Aurora
Borealis occur
EXOSPHERE – outermost layer where satellites are
stationed
GREENHOUSE EFFECT – process of trapping the heat by
the greenhouse gases keeping the temperature of the
earth warm
GREENHOUSE GASES – they have the ability to absorb
and trap the heat (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous
oxide, water vapor and ozone)
GLOBAL WARMING - the gradual increase in temperature
of the earth
BREEZE - A localized wind experienced by those people
living near a coastal area
LAND BREEZE - formed when air moves from the land to
the sea
SEA BREEZE - formed when air moves from the sea to the
land
*Warm air rises, cool air sinks
*Wind moves from an area with high pressure to an area
with low pressure
MONSOON - seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and
Southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer
and from the northeast in winter
AMIHAN – (Northeast Monsoon) - draws "cold, dry air"
from Siberia, China, and Japan, from October to March
HABAGAT – (Southwest Monsoon) – brings hot humid
weather experienced from July to September
TROPICAL CLIMATE – characterized by abundant rainfall,
high humidity and high temperature
ITCZ – INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE - lies in the
equatorial trough where the southwest and northeast
trade winds converge or meet.
*FACTORS AFFECTING THE SEASONS*
 tilt of the Earth’s axis (23.5 degrees)
 revolution of the earth around the sun
 length of daytime
JUNE– Northern hemisphere faces the sun-Summer:
Southern hemisphere tilted away from the Sun-Winter
DECEMBER – Southern hemisphere faces the sun-
Summer: Northern hemisphere tilted away from the Sun-
Winter
MARCH – equinox - equal day and night both
hemispheres: Northern hemisphere-Spring equinox;
Southern hemisphere-Autumnal equinox
SEPTEMBER – equinox - equal day and night both
hemispheres: Northern hemisphere-Autumnal equinox;
Southern hemisphere-Spring equinox
APHELION – the point of the Earth’s orbit from the Sun
ECLIPSE - phenomenon occurs when there is partial or
total blocking of light of one celestial object by another
SOLAR ECLIPSE – moon is between the Sun and Earth
blocking the light from the Sun casting a shadow on the
Earth