PPT NO.

3 interment site be more than ninety(90) meters than

any roadway.
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS ● The width of the walkway shall be not less than
1. Pedestrians 1.20 meters but not more than 1/3 of the width of
the sidewalk. Where only partial occupancy of the
-the term used for a person that is
sidewalk is necessary, a temporary walkway will
traveling on foot, particularly on road not be required provided that a width of at least
surfaces. 1.20 meters of the sidewalk is left open for the use
➢ Once arriving at the site, pedestrians should be of pedestrians.
able to circulate the area conveniently and safely.
➢ Pedestrian circulation: 01. Pedestrian Lanes: designated space on road
surfaces for exclusive use of pedestrians. The lane
➔ Ensures that visitors can safely walk may be on one or both sides of the roadway and
from vehicles to pathways to can fill gaps between important
destinations. destinations in the community.
➔ Prevents visitors from cutting new 02. Walkways/Pathways: Outdoor passages built for
paths. Creates the quickest, shortest people to walk along, usually adjacent to roads and
walk from the parking area to the front along buildings and parks.
door or destination. 03. Pedestrian Movement: one of the principal
➔ Place trash receptacles along the path considerations in designing a building and site.
from the parking area to the destination.
2. Vehicular
➔ Places clear directional signs.
Landscape architects, site planners, and engineers
➔ Provides attractive lighting when
are responsible in designing
needed.
quality public spaces, including street
A) PEDESTRIAN ON WALKWAYS systems which incorporates:
● The width of pedestrian pathways vary depending 3. Transportation needs
on purpose and intensity of use. 4. Improved access for residents
● In general, a 600 mm (24 in) width for each 5. Employees, and customers;
pedestrian is necessary, which suggests a 6. Reduced congestion
minimum pathway width of 1200 mm (4ft) for 7. Increased choice among modes of travel
public walkways. Time-Saver Standards for 8. Consideration of ecological parameters
Landscape Architecture. 9. Enhanced environmental protection.
● Pedestrians as a group do not typically use the
entire width of walkways. The edge of a walkway At the local level, vehicular circulation design involves the
adjacent to a curbed roadway and along the following steps:
building facade is avoided by pedestrians.
● Street furniture and features such as trees reduce 1.Determination of land uses at the site.
the effective width of a pathway. 2.Estimation of trips generated, add the type of intensity of
B) PEDESTRIAN (Pedestrian Roadway the uses
Standards in NBC) 3.Distribution of trips to major approach roads
● For local cemeteries, there shall be a main road of 4.Assignment of vehicle volumes to the roadway network
two(2) meters minimum width from the main gate 5.Analysis of the capacity of the roadways to handle the
straight to the rear of the cemetery for pedestrian traffic
traffic. Crossroads of one meter minimum shall be 6.Geometrical design of the various roads and streets
laid out to divide the cemetery into sections. according to projected capacity, use, and desired speed
● For memorial parks, roadways shall be at least
eight(8) meters wide, laid out in such a manner General Principles
that the farthest interment site shall at least be ●
within sixty(60) meters walking distance ● Minimize the amount of land for vehicular
from any roadway as the shape of the park lot circulation.
allows. However, in no case shall the farthest
● Preserve natural features and provide street
alignment that complements the natural
topography.
● Reduce impervious areas and materials and
incorporate natural drainage.
● Provide adequate streetscape (landscapes and
hardscapes). Minimize road Pavements and
right-of-way.
● Reduce the length of streets and provide adequate
pedestrian connections.
● Provide traffic-calming measures at transition
points and where pedestrian oriented design is
sought.
● Incorporate and encourage multimode travel, such
as bicycle and bus lanes, and reduce parking ratios
where transit is available.
a) VEHICULAR (PARKING)
● Defined as the act of parking, or the
spaces in which cars are parked.
● Bring (a vehicle that one is driving) to a
half and leave it temporarily, typically in
a parking lot or by the side of the road.
● A desirable location for parking is to
● locate the onsite drive between the
building and the parking area.
➢ Parking should be provided for bicycles and
motorcycles as well.
○ Bicycle parking shall be bike rack or
locker-type parking facilities unless
otherwise specified.
○ All bicycle parking and storage shall be
located in safe, visible areas that do not
impede pedestrian or vehicle traffic
flow, and shall be well lit for night time
use.
➢ Parking areas used at night should be well lit,
generally one-half to one footcandle.
a) VEHICULAR (PARKING)
● ON-STREET PARKING:
-means parking your vehicle on the street,
anywhere on or along the curb
-in contrast to parking it in a parking garage
● OFF-STREET PARKING
-parking your vehicle anywhere but, on the streets
-can be parked both indoors/outdoors
B) VEHICULAR (PARKING C) VEHICULAR (ACCESSIBLE PARKING)
CONSIDERATIONS)

10. Road Lay-Outs

Hierarchy of Street Systems
● Vehicular Traffic Flows in sequential order from
low to high intensity
● Local access streets > collector/distributor streets >
arterial streets > freeways

BASIC CATEGORIES OF TRAFFIC ARTERIES AREA:

1. Freeways/Expressways/Motorways
C) VEHICULAR (ACCESSIBLE PARKING)
-are designed to movement of large volumes
between of around urban areas
I. -velocity is reached due to high intervals
between traffic interruptions
II. -all cross-traffic is accomplished by
over/underpasses

2. Arterial Streets/Highways
-are continuous vehicular channels

I. -typically two/three lanes wide in

direction
II. -on-street parking is prohibited
III. -access to adj. comm. property could be
prohibited
IV. -access to residential streets is allowed
V. -all crossings are controlled by traffic
signals
VI. -typical speed limit is 35 mph
 VII. -major intersections should be separated
by at least 800’-0”
TYPES OF ROAD LAYOUTS:
3. Collector-Distributor Streets
● Rectangular/Block Pattern
-serves as the transition between arterial and local
-whole area is divided into rectangular blocks of
access streets of a neighborhood.
plots.
I. -access to residential properties -main road is provided directly approaches to the
II. -usually are discontinuous outside of a city
III. -curb-side parking is allowed ● Radial/Star and Block Pattern
IV. -when collector and arterial streets
-entire area is divided into a network of roads
intersect, traffic signals are used
-radiating from the business outwardly
V. -local and collector streets are usually
-in between, a built-up area may be planned in a
controlled by STOP signs
rectangular block
4. Local Access Streets ● Radial/Star and Circular Pattern
-provide access to low intensity uses fronting them -the main radial road radiating from central
-are connected with concentric roads
I. -carry low traffic flows
-built-up with curved block system
II. -consists of loops and cul-de-sacs or merged
● Hexagonal Pattern:
III. -unrestricted curbside parking
IV. -unlimited pedestrian use -roads formatting hexagonal figures
-built-up with side of hexagons that is
divided into suitable sizes
● Minimum Travel Pattern
A. Road Lay-Outs
-contented by sector center
PARTS OF ROADWAY
-road is required minimum to connect the city
center
● Alignment:
-route of road
-series of horizontal tangents and curves
Horizontal Alignment:
-based on the pavement center line
- marked off in 100 foot stations
-beginning at some arbitrary
Vertical Alignment:
-provides comfy transition between two different
grades
-avoids steep inclines, sudden bumps, & hollows

● Profiles:
-vertical aspect of the road
● Cross-Section:
-shows the position and number of vehicle; along
with their cross-slope
● Dead Ends
-minimum turn-around at the end of a cul-de-sac
-should have 40ft/ outside radius free of parking