Biology and Geology 3º ESO IES Severo Ochoa

NUTRIENTS
CARBOHYDRATES
 Energetic function
 Types:
1. Simple carbohydrates or sugars:
Characteristics: ________taste, crystalline, soluble in ________
Clasification:
a) _____sacharides:
Ex: _______, ________
are used directly by cells
are found in honey and fruits
b) ___sacharides:
Ex: ________ and ________
are formed by ____ monosacharides
are found in sugar and milk
2. ________ carbohydrates:
Characteristics: not sweet or crystalline.
Found by the bonding of many simple carbohydrates
Examples:
a) _________: in animals
glucose
b) Cellulose: in __________ fibre
our body cannot use as an energy source

LIPIDS
 Characteristics: not ________, oily appear

 Groups:
1. Fats: __________ function.
Types according to their chemical composition:
Saturated: _________ origin, ______
_____________: _________ origin, liquids (oils)
2. ____________ lipids: structural function
Ex: phospholipids and ____________
3. Lipids with ___________ function
Ex: vitamins A and __, sexual hormones

PROTEINS
Chemical composition: are formed by ___________ (20)
proportion and order = different proteins
Our body produces ___ aa
Our body cannot produce __________ amino acids (8)
Functions:
___________ function: hair, nails, membranes...
Transport ______
Defence against infections
_______contraction
Regulate biological processes
Found in animals:
Biology and Geology 3º ESO IES Severo Ochoa
Ex: eggs, milk
a _________ amount of ___ aminoacids
Found in plants:
Ex: rice, wheat, legumes
are __________ in some aminoacids

MINERAL SALTS
 Inorganic substances
 Abundant in ________ and _____________
 Functions:
_____________: bones, teeth
Regulatory function: metabolic reactions
 Examples:
Magnesium, potassium, ________, sodium
Minimal amount of _____, zinc, copper and iodine
_______________: iron, calcium, iodine...

WATER
 ______________ substances
 Most common molecules in our body: 63%
 Functions:
Solvent
___________ substances
Regulate ____ ____________
 Intake of water per day: 2.5 L to allow fine balance between water we take water we eliminate

VITAMINS
 Characteristics:
Varied chemical composition
_______ quantities are required
Absence causes ____________
Destroyed by _____ (raw and lightly cooked foods), ________. oxygen
 Abundant in _______ and _______________
 Types
FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Where do they
dissolve?
Where are they Outside the body
stored?
Examples Vitamins ____ and D B1, B2, B12 and vitamin ____
Elimination Excess is stored in our body Excess is eliminated through
(harmful effects) ______ (do not harm us)