Plasma ∼, II-7-12, II-32-18 ff
Fresnel’s reflection formulas, 33-15
Friction, 10-7, 12-4 ff
Coefficient of ∼, 12-6
Origin of ∼, 12-9
G Hamiltonian, III-8-16
Galilean relativity, 10-5, 10-11
Galilean transformation, 12-18, 15-4
Gallium, III-19-32 f
Galvanometer, II-1-17, II-16-2
Gamma rays, 2-8
Garnets, II-37-25 f
Gauss (unit), 34-7, II-36-12
Gaussian distribution, 6-15, III-16-12,
III-16-14
Gauss’ law, II-4-18 f
Applications of ∼, II-5-1 ff
for field lines, II-4-21
Gauss’ theorem, II-3-8 ff, III-21-7
Generator
Alternating-current ∼, II-17-11 ff
Electric ∼, II-16-1 ff, II-22-9 ff
Van de Graaff ∼, II-5-19, II-8-14
Geology and physics, 3-12 f
Geometrical optics, 26-2, 27-1 ff
Gradient operator, II-2-8 ff, II-3-1
Gravitation, 2-4, 7-1 ff, 12-2, II-42-1
Theory of ∼, II-42-28 ff
Gravitational acceleration, 9-6
Gravitational constant, 7-17
Gravitational energy, 4-3 ff
Gravitational field, 12-13 ff, 13-13 ff
Gravitational force, 2-4
Gravity, 13-5 ff, II-42-17 ff
Acceleration of ∼, 9-6
Greeks’ difficulties with speed, 8-4 f
Green’s function, 25-8
Ground state, II-8-14, III-7-3
Group velocity, 48-11 f
Index-10
Guanine, 3-9
Gyroscope, 20-9 ff
H
Haidinger’s brush, 36-14
Hall effect, III-14-12 ff
Hamiltonian matrix, III-8-1 ff
Hamilton’s first principal function,
II-19-16
Harmonic motion, 21-6 ff, 23-1 ff
Harmonic oscillator, 10-1, 21-1 ff
Energy levels of a ∼, 40-17 f
Forced ∼, 21-9 ff, 23-4 ff
Harmonics, 50-1 ff
Heat, 1-5, 13-5
Specific ∼, 40-13 ff, II-37-7
and the failure of classical physics,
40-16 ff
at constant volume, 45-3
Heat conduction, II-3-10 ff
Heat diffusion equation, II-3-10 ff
Heat energy, 4-3, 4-11 f, 10-15
Heat engines, 44-1 ff
Heat flow, II-2-16 ff, II-12-2 ff
Helium, 1-8, 3-11 f, 49-9 f, III-19-27
Liquid ∼, III-4-22 f
Helmholtz’s theorem, II-40-22 f
Henry (unit), 25-13
Hermitian adjoint, III-20-5
Hexagonal lattice, II-30-16
High-voltage breakdown, II-6-25 ff
Hooke’s law, 12-11, II-10-12, II-30-29,
II-31-22, II-38-1 ff, II-38-6, II-39-6,
II-39-18
Human eye, 35-1 ff
Hydrodynamics, II-40-5 ff
Hydrogen, III-19-26 f
Hyperfine splitting in ∼, III-12-1 ff
Hydrogen atom, III-19-1 ff
Hydrogen molecular ion, III-10-1 ff
Hydrogen molecule, III-10-13 ff
Hydrogen wave functions, III-19-21 ff
Hydrostatic pressure, II-40-1
Hydrostatics, II-40-1 ff
Hyperfine splitting in hydrogen, III-12-1 ff
Hysteresis curve, II-37-10 ff
Hysteresis loop, II-36-16
I Ionic crystal, II-8-8 ff
Ideal gas law, 39-16 ff
Identical particles, III-3-16 ff, III-4-1 ff
Illumination, II-12-20 ff
Image charge, II-6-17
Impedance, 25-15 f, II-22-1 ff
Complex ∼, 23-12
of a vacuum, 32-3
Impure semiconductors, III-14-8 ff
Incidence, angle of, 26-6, II-33-1
Inclined plane, 4-7
Independent particle approximation,
III-15-1 ff
Index
Field ∼, II-29-13
of refraction, 31-1 ff, II-32-1 ff
Induced currents, II-16-10 ff
Inductance, 23-10, II-16-7 ff, II-17-16 ff,
II-22-3 f
Mutual ∼, II-17-16 ff, II-22-36 f
Self-∼, II-16-8, II-17-20 ff
Induction, laws of, II-17-1 ff
Inductor, 25-13
Inertia, 2-4, 7-20
Moment of ∼, 18-12 f, 19-1 ff
Principle of ∼, 9-1
Infrared radiation, 2-8, 23-14, 26-1
Insulator, II-1-3, II-10-1
Integral, 8-11 ff
Line ∼, II-3-1 ff
Integral calculus, II-3-1 ff
Index-11
Interference, 28-10 ff, 29-1 ff
and diffraction, 30-1
Two-slit ∼, III-3-8 ff
Interfering amplitudes, III-5-16 ff
Interfering waves, 37-6, III-1-6
Interferometer, 15-8
Ion, 1-11
Ionic bonds, II-30-5
Ionic conductivity, 43-9 ff
Ionic polarizability, II-11-17
Ionization energy, 42-8
of hydrogen, 38-12, III-2-12
Ionosphere, II-7-9, II-7-12, II-9-6, II-32-22
Irreversibility, 46-9 ff
Irrotational flow, II-12-16 ff, II-40-9 ff
Isotherm, II-2-5
Isothermal atmosphere, 40-3
Isothermal compression, 44-10
Isothermal expansion, 44-10
Isothermal surfaces, II-2-5
Isotopes, 3-7, 3-12, 39-17
J
Johnson noise, 41-4, 41-14
Josephson junction, III-21-25 ff
Joule (unit), 13-5
Joule heating, 24-3
K
Kármán vortex street, II-41-13
Kepler’s laws, 7-2 f, 7-5, 7-7, 9-1, 18-11
Kerr cell, 33-8
Kerr effect, 33-8
Kilocalorie (unit), II-8-9
Kinematic (mv-) momentum, III-21-8
Kinetic energy, 1-13, 2-10, 4-3, 4-10 f
and temperature, 39-10 ff
Rotational ∼, 19-12 ff
Kinetic theory
 Applications of ∼, 42-1 ff
of gases, 39-1 ff
Kirchhoff’s laws, 25-16, II-22-14 ff,
II-22-27
Kronecker delta, II-31-10
Krypton, III-19-32 f
L in vector notation, 11-13 ff
Lagrangian, II-19-15
Lamé elastic constants, II-39-9
Lamb-Retherford measurement, II-5-14
Landé g-factor, II-34-6, III-34-6
Laplace equation, II-7-2
Laplacian operator, II-2-20
Larmor frequency, II-34-12, III-34-12
Larmor’s theorem, II-34-11 ff, III-34-11 ff
Laser, 5-4, 32-9, 42-17 f, 50-17, III-9-21
Law
Ampère’s ∼, II-13-6 ff
Applications of Gauss’ ∼, II-5-1 ff
Biot-Savart ∼, II-14-18 f, II-21-13
Boltzmann’s ∼, 40-4 f
Boyle’s ∼, 40-16
Coulomb’s ∼, 28-1, 28-3, II-1-4 f,
II-1-11, II-4-3 ff, II-4-8, II-4-12,
II-4-19, II-5-11 ff
Curie’s ∼, II-11-9
Curie-Weiss ∼, II-11-20
Faraday’s ∼ of induction, II-17-3,
II-17-6, II-18-1, II-18-15, II-18-18
Gauss’ ∼, II-4-18 f
for field lines, II-4-21
Hooke’s ∼, 12-11, II-10-12, II-30-29,
II-31-22, II-38-1 ff, II-38-6, II-39-6,
II-39-18
Ideal gas ∼, 39-16 ff
Kepler’s ∼s, 7-2 f, 7-5, 7-7, 9-1, 18-11
Kirchhoff’s ∼s, 25-16, II-22-14 ff,
II-22-27
Lenz’s ∼, II-16-9 f, II-34-2, III-34-2
Index-12
Newton’s ∼s, 2-9, 7-10, 7-12, 9-1 ff,
10-1 f, 10-5, 11-3 f, 11-7 f, 12-1 f,
12-4, 12-18, 12-20, 13-1, 14-10,
15-1 ff, 15-5, 15-16, 16-4, 16-13 f,
18-1, 19-4, 20-1, 28-5, 39-1, 39-3,
39-17, 41-2, 46-1, 46-9, 47-4 f,
II-7-9, II-19-2, II-42-1, II-42-28
of reflection, 26-3
Ohm’s ∼, 23-9, 25-12, 43-11, II-19-26,
III-14-12
Rayleigh’s ∼, 41-10
Snell’s ∼, 26-5, 26-7, 26-14, 31-4, II-33-1
Laws
of electromagnetism, II-1-9 ff
of induction, II-17-1 ff
Least action, principle of, II-19-1 ff
Least time, principle of, 26-1 ff
Legendre functions, associated, III-19-16
Legendre polynomials, III-18-23, III-19-16
Lens
Electrostatic ∼, II-29-5 ff
Magnetic ∼, II-29-7 ff
Quadrupole ∼, II-7-6, II-29-15 f
Lens formula, 27-11
Lenz’s rule, II-16-9 f, II-34-2, III-34-2
Liénard-Wiechert potentials, II-21-16 ff
Light, 2-7, II-21-1 ff
Absorption of ∼, III-9-23 ff
Momentum of ∼, 34-20 ff
Polarized ∼, 32-15
Reflection of ∼, II-33-1 ff
Refraction of ∼, II-33-1 ff
Scattering of ∼, 32-1 ff
Speed of ∼, 15-1, II-18-16 f
Light cone, 17-6
Lightning, II-9-21 ff
Light pressure, 34-20
Light waves, 48-1
Linear momentum
 Conservation of ∼, 4-13, 10-1 ff
Linear systems, 25-1 ff
Linear transformation, 11-11
Line integral, II-3-1 ff
Line of charge, II-5-6 f
Liquid helium, III-4-22 f
Lithium, III-19-27 f
Lodestone, II-1-20, II-37-27
Logarithms, 22-3
Lorentz contraction, 15-13
Lorentz force, II-13-1, II-15-25
Lorentz formula, II-21-21 ff
Lorentz group, II-25-5
Lorentz transformation, 15-4 f, 17-1,
34-15, 52-3, II-25-1
of fields, II-26-1 ff
Lorenz condition, II-25-15
Lorenz gauge, II-18-20, II-25-15
M Mass-energy equivalence, 15-17 ff
Mach number, II-41-11
Magenta, III-10-21
Magnetic dipole, II-14-13 ff
Magnetic dipole moment, II-14-15
Magnetic energy, II-17-22 ff
Magnetic field, 12-15 ff, II-1-4 ff, II-13-1 f, Maxwell’s equations, 15-3 ff, 25-5, 25-8,
II-14-1 ff
of steady currents, II-13-6 ff
Relativity of ∼, II-13-13 ff
Magnetic force, 12-15 ff, II-1-4, II-13-1
on a current, II-13-5 f
Magnetic induction, 12-17
Magnetic lens, II-29-7 ff
Magnetic materials, II-37-1 ff
Magnetic moments, II-34-4 ff, III-11-8,
III-34-4 ff
Magnetic resonance, II-35-1 ff, III-35-1 ff
Nuclear ∼, II-35-19 ff, III-35-19 ff
Magnetic susceptibility, II-35-14, III-35-14
Magnetism, 2-7, II-34-1 ff, III-34-1 ff
Index-13
Dia∼, II-34-1 ff, II-34-9 ff, III-34-1 ff,
III-34-9 ff
Ferro∼, II-36-1 ff, II-37-1 ff
Para∼, II-34-1 ff, II-35-1 ff, III-34-1 ff,
III-35-1 ff
Magnetization currents, II-36-1 ff
Magnetizing field, II-36-15
Magnetostatics, II-4-2, II-13-1 ff
Magnetostriction, II-37-12, II-37-21
Magnification, 27-10 f
Magnons, III-15-6
Maser, 42-17
Ammonia ∼, III-9-1 ff
Mass, 9-2, 15-1
Center of ∼, 18-1 ff, 19-1 ff
Effective ∼, III-13-12
Electromagnetic ∼, II-28-1 ff
Relativistic ∼, 16-9 ff
Mass energy, 4-3, 4-12
Mathematics and physics, 3-1
Matrix, III-5-9
Matrix algebra, III-5-24, III-11-5,
III-20-28
Maxwell’s demon, 46-8 f
46-12, 47-12, II-2-1, II-2-15,
II-4-1 f, II-6-1, II-7-11, II-8-20,
II-10-11, II-13-7, II-13-13, II-13-22,
II-15-24 f, II-18-1 ff, II-22-1 f,
II-22-13 f, II-22-16, II-22-23,
II-23-6, II-23-13 f, II-23-20 f,
II-24-9, II-25-12, II-25-15, II-25-19,
II-26-3, II-26-20, II-26-23, II-27-5,
II-27-8, II-27-13, II-27-17, II-28-1,
II-32-7, II-33-2, II-33-5, II-33-7 ff,
II-33-12 f, II-33-16, II-34-14,
II-36-2, II-36-5, II-36-11, II-36-26,
II-38-4, II-39-14, II-42-29, III-10-12,
III-21-11, III-21-24, III-34-14
 for four-vectors, II-25-17
General solution of ∼, II-21-6 ff
in a dielectric, II-32-4 ff
Modifications of ∼, II-28-10 ff
Solutions of ∼ in free space, II-20-1 ff
Solutions of ∼ with currents and
charges, II-21-1 ff
Solving ∼, II-18-17 ff
Mean free path, 43-4 ff
Mean square distance, 6-9, 41-15
Mechanical energy, II-15-5 ff
Meissner effect, III-21-14 ff, III-21-22
Metastable atom, 42-17
Meter (unit), 5-18
MeV (unit), 2-14
Michelson-Morley experiment, 15-5 ff,
15-13
Microscope
Electron ∼, II-29-9 f
Field-emission ∼, II-6-27 ff
Field-ion ∼, II-6-27 ff
Minkowski space, II-31-23
Modes, 49-1 ff
Normal ∼, 48-17 f
Mole (unit), 39-17
Molecular crystal, II-30-5
Molecular diffusion, 43-11 ff
Molecular dipole, II-11-1
Molecular forces, 12-9 ff
Molecular motion, 41-1
Molecule, 1-4
Nonpolar ∼, II-11-1
Polar ∼, II-11-1, II-11-5 ff
Mössbauer effect, II-42-24
Moment
Dipole ∼, 12-9, II-6-5
of force, 18-8
of inertia, 18-12 f, 19-1 ff
Momentum, 9-1 ff, 38-3 ff, III-2-3 ff
Index-14
Angular ∼, 18-8 ff, 20-1, III-18-1 ff,
III-20-22 ff
Composition of ∼, III-18-25 ff
Conservation of ∼, 4-13, 18-11 ff, 20-8
of a rigid body, 20-14
Conservation of angular ∼,
Conservation of linear ∼, 4-13, 10-1 ff
Dynamical (p-) ∼, III-21-8
Field ∼, II-27-1 ff
in quantum mechanics, 10-16 f
Kinematic (mv-) ∼, III-21-8
of light, 34-20 ff
Relativistic ∼, 10-14 ff, 16-1 ff
Momentum operator, III-20-4, III-20-15 ff
Momentum spectrometer, II-29-2
Momentum spectrum, II-29-4
Monatomic gas, 39-7 ff, 39-11, 39-17 f,
40-13 f
Monoclinic lattice, II-30-16
Motion, 5-1 f, 8-1 ff
Brownian ∼, 1-16, 6-8, 41-1 ff, 46-2 f,
46-9
Circular ∼, 21-6 ff
Constrained ∼, 14-4 f
Harmonic ∼, 21-6 ff, 23-1 ff
of charge, II-29-1 ff
Orbital ∼, II-34-5, III-34-5
Parabolic ∼, 8-17
Perpetual ∼, 46-3
Planetary ∼, 7-1 ff, 9-11 ff, 13-9
Motor, electric, II-16-1 ff
Moving charge, field momentum of,
II-28-3 f
Muscle
Smooth ∼, 14-3
Striated (skeletal) ∼, 14-3
Music, 50-2
Mutual capacitance, II-22-38
Mutual inductance, II-17-16 ff, II-22-36 f
mv-momentum, III-21-8
N Nutation, 20-12 f
Nabla operator (∇), II-2-12 ff
Negative carriers, III-14-3 O
Neon, III-19-30 Oersted (unit), II-36-12
Nernst heat theorem, 44-22 Ohm (unit), 25-12
Neutral K-meson, III-11-21 ff Ohm’s law, 23-9, 25-12, 43-11, II-19-26,
Neutral pion, III-10-11 III-14-12
Neutron diffusion equation, II-12-13 One-dimensional lattice, III-13-1 ff
Neutrons, 2-6 Operator, III-8-7, III-20-1 ff
Diffusion of ∼, II-12-12 ff Algebraic ∼, III-20-4
Newton (unit), 11-10 Curl ∼, II-2-15, II-3-1
Newton · meter (unit), 13-5 D’Alembertian ∼, II-25-13
Newton’s laws, 2-9, 7-10, 7-12, 9-1 ff, Divergence ∼, II-2-14, II-3-1
10-1 f, 10-5, 11-3 f, 11-7 f, 12-1 f, Gradient ∼, II-2-8 ff, II-3-1
12-4, 12-18, 12-20, 13-1, 14-10, Laplacian ∼, II-2-20
15-1 ff, 15-5, 15-16, 16-4, 16-13 f, Momentum ∼, III-20-4, III-20-15 ff
18-1, 19-4, 20-1, 28-5, 39-1, 39-3, Nabla ∼ (∇), II-2-12 ff
39-17, 41-2, 46-1, 46-9, 47-4 f, Vector ∼, II-2-12
II-7-9, II-19-2, II-42-1, II-42-28 Optic axis, 33-5
in vector notation, 11-13 ff Optic nerve, 35-3
Nodes, 49-3 Optics, 26-1 ff
Noise, 50-2 Geometrical ∼, 26-2, 27-1 ff
Nonconservative force, 14-10 ff Orbital angular momentum, III-19-2
Nonpolar molecule, II-11-1 Orbital motion, II-34-5, III-34-5
Normal dispersion, 31-14 Orientation polarization, II-11-5 ff
Normal distribution, 6-15, III-16-12, Oriented magnetic moment, II-35-7,
III-16-14 III-35-7
Normal modes, 48-17 f Orthorhombic lattice, II-30-17
n-type semiconductor, III-14-10 Oscillating dipole, II-21-8 ff
Nuclear cross section, 5-15 Oscillation
Nuclear energy, 4-3 Amplitude of ∼, 21-6
Nuclear forces, 12-20 f, II-1-2 f, II-8-12 f, Damped ∼, 24-4 ff
II-28-18, II-28-20 ff, III-10-10 ff Frequency of ∼, 2-7
Nuclear g-factor, II-34-6, III-34-6 Periodic ∼, 9-7
Nuclear interactions, II-8-14 Period of ∼, 21-4
Nuclear magnetic resonance, II-35-19 ff, Phase of ∼, 21-6
III-35-19 ff Plasma ∼s, II-7-9 ff
Nucleon, III-11-5 Oscillator, 5-4
Nucleus, 2-6, 2-9 f, 2-12 ff Forced harmonic ∼, 21-9 ff, 23-4 ff
Numerical analysis, 9-11 Harmonic ∼, 10-1, 21-1 ff

Index-15
P Photosynthesis, 3-4
Pappus, theorem of, 19-6 f Physics
Parabolic antenna, 30-12 f Astronomy and ∼, 3-10 ff
Parabolic motion, 8-17 before 1920, 2-4 ff
Parallel-axis theorem, 19-9 Biology and ∼, 3-3 ff
Parallel-plate capacitor, 14-16 f, II-6-22 ff, Chemistry and ∼, 3-1 ff
II-8-5 Geology and ∼, 3-12 f
Paramagnetism, II-34-1 ff, II-35-1 ff, Mathematics and ∼, 3-1
III-34-1 ff, III-35-1 ff Psychology and ∼, 3-13 f
Paraxial rays, 27-3 Relationship to other sciences, 3-1 ff
Partial derivative, 14-15 Piezoelectricity, II-11-16, II-31-23
Particles Planck’s constant, 4-13, 5-19, 17-14, 37-18,
Bose ∼, III-4-1 ff, III-15-10 f II-15-16, II-19-18 f, II-28-17,
Fermi ∼, III-4-1 ff, III-15-11 III-1-18, III-20-24, III-21-2
Identical ∼, III-3-16 ff, III-4-1 ff Plane lattice, II-30-12
Spin-one ∼, III-5-1 ff Planetary motion, 7-1 ff, 9-11 ff, 13-9
Spin one-half ∼, III-6-1 ff, III-12-1 ff Plane waves, II-20-1 ff
Precession of ∼, III-7-18 ff Plasma, II-7-9
Pascal’s triangle, 6-7 Plasma frequency, II-7-12, II-32-18 ff
Passive circuit element, II-22-9 Plasma oscillations, II-7-9 ff
Pauli exclusion principle, II-36-31 p-momentum, III-21-8
Pauli spin exchange operator, III-12-12, Poincaré stress, II-28-7 f
III-15-3 Point charge, II-1-3
Pauli spin matrices, III-11-1 ff Electrostatic energy of a ∼, II-8-22 f
Pendulum, 5-3 Field energy of a ∼, II-28-1 f
Coupled ∼s, 49-10 ff Poisson equation, II-6-2
Pendulum clock, 5-3 Poisson’s ratio, II-38-3, II-38-6, II-38-21
Periodic table, 2-14, 3-2, III-19-25 ff Polarization, 33-1 ff
Period of oscillation, 21-4 Circular ∼, 33-3
Permalloy, II-37-22 Electronic ∼, II-11-2 ff
Permeability, II-36-18 of matter, II-32-1 ff
Relative ∼, II-36-18 of scattered light, 33-4
Perpetual motion, 46-3 Orientation ∼, II-11-5 ff
Phase of oscillation, 21-6 Polarization charges, II-10-6 ff
Phase shift, 21-6 Polarization vector, II-10-4 ff
Phase velocity, 48-10, 48-12 Polarized light, 32-15
Photon, 2-11, 17-14, 26-2, 37-13, III-1-12 Polar molecule, II-11-1, II-11-5 ff
Absorption of ∼s, III-4-13 ff Polar vector, 20-6, 52-10 ff
Emission of ∼s, III-4-13 ff Positive carriers, III-14-3
Polarization states of the ∼, III-11-15 ff Potassium, III-19-31 f

Index-16
Potential
Four-∼, II-25-15
Quadrupole ∼, II-6-14
Vector ∼, II-14-1 ff, II-15-1 ff
of known currents, II-14-5 ff
Potential energy, 4-7, 13-1 ff, 14-1 ff,
III-7-9 ff
Potential gradient of the atmosphere,
II-9-1 ff
Power, 13-4
Poynting vector, II-27-9
Precession
Angle of ∼, II-34-7, III-34-7
of atomic magnets, II-34-7 ff, III-34-7 ff
Pressure, 1-6
Hydrostatic ∼, II-40-1
Light ∼, 34-20
of a gas, 39-3 ff
Radiation ∼, 34-20
Principal quantum number, III-19-22
Principle
Exclusion ∼, III-4-23 ff
of equivalence, II-42-17 ff
of inertia, 9-1
of least action, II-19-1 ff
of superposition, II-1-5, II-4-4
of virtual work, 4-10
Uncertainty ∼, 2-9 f, 6-17 ff, 7-21,
37-14 f, 37-18 ff, 38-5, 38-11 f,
38-15, III-1-14, III-1-17 ff, III-2-5,
III-2-10 ff, III-2-15
and stability of atoms, II-1-2, II-5-5
Probability, 6-1 ff
Probability amplitudes, 37-16, III-1-16,
III-3-1 ff, III-16-1 ff
Probability density, 6-13, 6-15, III-16-9
Probability distribution, 6-13 ff, III-16-9
Propagation, in a crystal lattice, III-13-1 ff
Propagation factor, II-22-31
Protons, 2-6
Index-17
Proton spin, II-8-12
Pseudo force, 12-17 ff
Psychology and physics, 3-13 f
p-type semiconductor, III-14-10
Purkinje effect, 35-4
Pyroelectricity, II-11-16
Q
Quadrupole lens, II-7-6, II-29-15 f
Quadrupole potential, II-6-14
Quantized magnetic states, II-35-1 ff,
III-35-1 ff
Quantum electrodynamics, 2-12 f, 2-17,
28-5, 42-16
and point charges, II-28-16
Quantum mechanical resonance, III-10-6
Quantum mechanics, 2-3, 2-9 ff, 6-17 ff,
37-1 ff, 38-1 ff, III-1-1 ff, III-2-1 ff,
III-3-1 ff
and vector potential, II-15-14 ff,
III-21-2 f
Momentum in ∼, 10-16 f
Quantum numbers, III-12-25
R
Rabi molecular-beam method, II-35-7 ff,
III-35-7 ff
Radiant energy, 4-3, 4-12, 7-20, 10-15
Radiation
Blackbody ∼, 41-5 ff
Bremsstrahlung, 34-12 f
Cherenkov ∼, 51-3
Cosmic rays, 2-9, II-9-4
Cosmic synchrotron ∼, 34-10 ff
Electromagnetic ∼, 26-1, 28-1 ff
Gamma rays, 2-8
Infrared ∼, 2-8, 23-14, 26-1
Light, 2-7
Relativistic effects in ∼, 34-1 ff
Synchrotron ∼, 34-6 ff
Ultraviolet ∼, 2-8, 26-1
 X-rays, 2-8, 26-1, 31-11, 34-8, 48-10,
48-12
Radiation damping, 32-1 ff
Radiation pressure, 34-20
Radiation resistance, 32-1 ff
Radioactive clock, 5-6 ff
Radioactive isotopes, 3-7, 5-8, 52-16
Radius
Bohr ∼, 38-12, III-2-12, III-19-5,
III-19-9
Classical electron ∼, 32-6, II-28-5
Excess ∼, II-42-9 ff, II-42-13 ff, II-42-29
Random walk, 6-8 ff, 41-14 ff
Ratchet and pawl machine, 46-1 ff
Rayleigh’s criterion, 30-11
Rayleigh’s law, 41-10
Rayleigh waves, II-38-16
Reactance, II-22-25 f
Reciprocity principle, 26-9, 30-12
Rectification, 50-15
Rectifier, II-22-34
Reflected waves, II-33-14 ff
Reflection, 26-3 ff
Angle of ∼, 26-6, II-33-1
of light, II-33-1 ff
Total internal ∼, II-33-22 ff
Refraction, 26-3 ff
Anomalous ∼, 33-15 ff
Index of ∼, 31-1 ff, II-32-1 ff
of light, II-33-1 ff
Relative permeability, II-36-18
Relativistic dynamics, 15-15 ff
Relativistic energy, 16-1 ff
Relativistic mass, 16-9 ff
Relativistic momentum, 10-14 ff, 16-1 ff
Relativity
Galilean ∼, 10-5, 10-11
of electric field, II-13-13 ff
of magnetic field, II-13-13 ff
Special theory of ∼, 15-1 ff
Index-18
Theory of ∼, 7-20 f, 17-1
Resistance, 23-9
Resistor, 23-9, 41-4 f, 41-14, II-22-7 f
Resolving power, 27-14 f
of a diffraction grating, 30-10 f
Resonance, 23-1 ff
Electrical ∼, 23-8 ff
in nature, 23-12 ff
Quantum mechanical ∼, III-10-6
Resonant cavity, II-23-11 ff
Resonant circuits, II-23-22 ff
Resonant mode, II-23-21
Resonator, cavity, II-23-1 ff
Retarded time, 28-4
Retina, 35-1 f
Reynolds number, II-41-8 ff
Rigid body, 18-1, 20-1
Angular momentum of a ∼, 20-14
Rotation of a ∼, 18-4 ff
Ritz combination principle, 38-14, III-2-14
Rod cells, 35-2 ff, 35-9, 35-17 f, 36-8,
36-10 ff, III-13-16
Root-mean-square (RMS) distance, 6-10
Rotation
in space, 20-1 ff
in two dimensions, 18-1 ff
of a rigid body, 18-4 ff
of axes, 11-4 ff
Plane ∼, 18-1
Rotation matrix, III-6-6
Rutherford-Bohr atomic model, II-5-4
Rydberg (unit), 38-12, III-2-12
Rydberg energy, III-10-6, III-19-5
S
Saha equation, 42-9
Scalar, 11-8
Scalar field, II-2-3 ff
Scalar product, 11-15 ff
of four-vectors, II-25-5 ff
Scattering of light, 32-1 ff Special theory of relativity, 15-1 ff
Schrödinger equation, II-15-21, II-41-20, Specific heat, 40-13 ff, II-37-7
III-16-6, III-16-18 ff, III-20-28 and the failure of classical physics,
for the hydrogen atom, III-19-1 ff 40-16 ff
in a classical context, III-21-1 ff at constant volume, 45-3
Scientific method, 2-2 Speed, 8-4 ff
Screw dislocations, II-30-20 f and velocity, 9-3 f
Screw jack, 4-8 Greeks’ difficulties with ∼, 8-4 f
Second (unit), 5-10 of light, 15-1, II-18-16 f
Seismograph, 51-9 of sound, 47-12 f
Self-inductance, II-16-8, II-17-20 ff Sphere of charge, II-5-10 f
Semiconductor junction, III-14-15 ff Spherical aberration, 27-13, 36-6
Rectification at a ∼, III-14-19 ff of an electron microscope, II-29-10
Semiconductors, III-14-1 ff Spherical harmonics, III-19-13
Impure ∼, III-14-8 ff Spherically symmetric solutions, III-19-4 ff
n-type ∼, III-14-10 Spherical waves, II-20-20 ff, II-21-4 ff
p-type ∼, III-14-10 Spinel (MgAl2 O4 ), II-37-24
Shear modulus, II-38-10 Spin one-half particles, III-6-1 ff,
Shear waves, 51-8, II-38-11 ff III-12-1 ff
Sheet of charge, II-5-7 ff Precession of ∼, III-7-18 ff
Side bands, 48-7 ff Spin-one particles, III-5-1 ff
Sigma electron, III-12-5 Spin orbit, II-8-13
Sigma matrices, III-11-3 Spin-orbit interaction, III-15-25
Sigma proton, III-12-6 Spin waves, III-15-1 ff
Sigma vector, III-11-7 Spontaneous emission, 42-15
Simultaneity, 15-13 f Spontaneous magnetization, II-36-24 ff
Sinusoidal waves, 29-4 ff Standard deviation, 6-15
Skin depth, II-32-18 ff States
Slip dislocations, II-30-20 Eigen∼, III-11-38
Smooth muscle, 14-3 Excited ∼, II-8-14, III-13-15
Snell’s law, 26-5, 26-7, 26-14, 31-4, II-33-1 Ground ∼, III-7-3
Sodium, III-19-30 f of definite energy, III-13-5 ff
Solenoid, II-13-11 Stationary ∼, III-7-1 ff, III-11-38
Solid-state physics, II-8-11 Time-dependent ∼, III-13-10 ff
Sound, 2-5, 47-1 ff, 50-4 State vector, III-8-1 ff
Speed of ∼, 47-12 f Resolution of ∼s, III-8-4 ff
Space, 2-4, 8-4 Stationary states, III-7-1 ff, III-11-38
Curved ∼, II-42-1 ff Statistical fluctuations, 6-4 ff
Space-time, 2-9, 17-1 ff, II-26-22 Statistical mechanics, 3-2, 40-1 ff
Geometry of ∼, 17-1 ff Steady flow, II-40-10 ff

Index-19
Steap leader, II-9-21
Stefan-Boltzmann constant, 45-14
Stern-Gerlach apparatus, III-5-1 ff
Stern-Gerlach experiment, II-35-4 ff,
III-35-4 ff
Stokes’ theorem, II-3-17 ff
Strain, II-38-3
Volume ∼, II-38-6
Strain tensor, II-31-22, II-39-1 ff
Strangeness, III-11-21
Conservation of ∼, III-11-21
“Strangeness” number, 2-14
“Strange” particles, II-8-14
Streamlines, II-40-10
Stress, II-38-3
Poincaré ∼, II-28-7 f
Volume ∼, II-38-6
Stress tensor, II-31-15 ff
Striated (skeletal) muscle, 14-3
Superconductivity, III-21-1 ff
Supermalloy, II-36-18
Superposition, II-13-22 f
of fields, 12-15
Principle of ∼, 25-3 ff, 28-3, 47-11,
II-1-5, II-4-4
Surface
Equipotential ∼s, II-4-20 ff
Isothermal ∼s, II-2-5
Surface tension, II-12-8
Susceptibility
Electric ∼, II-10-7
Magnetic ∼, II-35-14, III-35-14
Symmetry, 1-8, 11-1 f
in physical laws, 52-1 ff
Synchrotron, 2-8, 15-16, II-17-9, II-29-10,
II-29-15 f, II-29-20
Synchrotron radiation, 34-6 ff, II-17-9
Cosmic ∼, 34-10 ff
Index-20
T
Taylor expansion, II-6-14
Temperature, 39-10 ff
Tension
Surface ∼, II-12-8
Tensor, II-26-15, II-31-1 ff
of elasticity, II-39-6 ff
of inertia, II-31-11 ff
of polarizability, II-31-1 ff
Strain ∼, II-31-22, II-39-1 ff
Stress ∼, II-31-15 ff
Transformation of ∼ components,
II-31-4 ff
Tensor algebra, III-8-6
Tensor field, II-31-21
Tetragonal lattice, II-30-17
Theorem
Bernoulli’s ∼, II-40-10 ff
Fourier ∼, II-7-17
Gauss’ ∼, II-3-8 ff, III-21-7
Helmholtz’s ∼, II-40-22 f
Larmor’s ∼, II-34-11 ff, III-34-11 ff
Stokes’ ∼, II-3-17 ff
Theory of gravitation, II-42-28 ff
Thermal conductivity, II-2-16, II-12-3,
II-12-6
of a gas, 43-16 f
Thermal equilibrium, 41-5 ff
Thermal ionization, 42-8 ff
Thermodynamics, 39-3, 45-1 ff, II-37-7 ff
Laws of ∼, 44-1 ff
Thomson atomic model, II-5-4
Thomson scattering cross section, 32-13
Three-body problem, 10-1
Three-dimensional lattice, III-13-12 ff
Three-dimensional waves, II-20-13 ff
Three-phase power, II-16-16
Thunderstorms, II-9-9 ff
Thymine, 3-9
Tides, 7-8
Time, 2-4, 5-1 ff, 8-1 ff
Retarded ∼, 28-4
Standard of ∼, 5-9 f
Transformation of ∼, 15-9 ff
Time-dependent states, III-13-10 ff
Torque, 18-6, 20-1 ff
Torsion, II-38-11 ff
Total internal reflection, II-33-22 ff
Transformation
Fourier ∼, 25-7
Galilean ∼, 12-18, 15-4
Linear ∼, 11-11
Lorentz ∼, 15-4 f, 17-1, 34-15, 52-3,
II-25-1
of fields, II-26-1 ff
of time, 15-9 ff
of velocity, 16-5 ff
Transformer, II-16-7 ff
Transforming amplitudes, III-6-1 ff
Transient response, 21-10
Transients, 24-1 ff
Electrical ∼, 24-7 ff
Transistor, III-14-21 ff
Translation of axes, 11-2 ff
Transmission line, II-24-1 ff
Transmitted waves, II-33-14 ff
Travelling field, II-18-9 ff
Triclinic lattice, II-30-15
Trigonal lattice, II-30-16
Triphenyl cyclopropenyl molecule,
III-15-23
Twenty-one centimeter line, III-12-15
Twin paradox, 16-4 f
Two-dimensional fields, II-7-3 ff
Two-slit interference, III-3-8 ff
Two-state systems, III-10-1 ff, III-11-1 ff
U Components of ∼, 9-4 ff
Ultraviolet radiation, 2-8, 26-1
Index-21
Uncertainty principle, 2-9 f, 6-17 ff, 7-21,
37-14 f, 37-18 ff, 38-5, 38-11 f,
38-15, III-1-14, III-1-17 ff, III-2-5,
III-2-10 ff, III-2-15
and stability of atoms, II-1-2, II-5-5
Unit cell, 38-9, III-2-9
Unit matrix, III-11-4
Unit vector, 11-18, II-2-6
Unworldliness, II-25-18
V
Van de Graaff generator, II-5-19, II-8-14
Vector, 11-1 ff
Axial ∼, 20-6, 52-10 ff
Components of a ∼, 11-9
Four-∼s, 15-14 f, 17-8 ff, II-25-1 ff
Polar ∼, 20-6, 52-10 ff
Polarization ∼, II-10-4 ff
Poynting, II-27-9
State ∼, III-8-1 ff
Resolution of ∼s, III-8-4 ff
Unit ∼, 11-18, II-2-6
Vector algebra, 11-10 ff, II-2-3, II-2-13,
II-2-21 f, II-3-1, II-3-21 ff, II-27-6,
II-27-8, III-5-25, III-8-2 f, III-8-6
Four-∼, 17-12 ff
Vector analysis, 11-8
Vector field, II-1-8 f, II-2-3 ff
Flux of a ∼, II-3-4 ff
Vector integrals, II-3-1 ff
Vector operator, II-2-12
Vector potential, II-14-1 ff, II-15-1 ff
and quantum mechanics, II-15-14 ff,
III-21-2 f
of known currents, II-14-5 ff
Vector product, 20-6
Velocity, 8-6
Angular ∼, 18-4 f
Group ∼, 48-11 f
 Phase ∼, 48-10, 48-12
Speed and ∼, 9-3 f
Transformation of ∼, 16-5 ff
Velocity potential, II-12-17
Virtual image, 27-6
Virtual work, principle of, 4-10
Viscosity, II-41-1 ff
Coefficient of ∼, II-41-2
Viscous flow, II-41-6 ff
Vision, 36-1 ff, III-13-16
Binocular ∼, 36-6, 36-8 f
Color ∼, 35-1 ff, 36-1 ff
Physiochemistry of ∼, 35-15 ff
Neurology of ∼, 36-19 ff
Visual cortex, 36-6, 36-8
Visual purple, 35-15, 35-17
Voltmeter, II-16-2
Volume strain, II-38-6
Volume stress, II-38-6
Vortex lines, II-40-21 ff
Vorticity, II-40-9
W Yukawa “photon”, II-28-23
Wall energy, II-37-11
Watt (unit), 13-5
Wave equation, 47-1 ff, II-18-17 ff
Wavefront, 33-16 f, 47-6, 51-2, 51-4
Wave function, III-16-7 ff
Meaning of the ∼, III-21-10 f
Waveguides, II-24-1 ff
Wavelength, 26-1, 29-5
Wave nodes, III-7-17
Wave number, 29-5
Index-22
Wave packet, III-13-11
Waves, 51-1 ff
Electromagnetic ∼, 2-7, II-21-1 ff
Light ∼, 48-1
Plane ∼, II-20-1 ff
Reflected ∼, II-33-14 ff
Shear ∼, 51-8, II-38-11 ff
Sinusoidal ∼, 29-4 ff
Spherical ∼, II-20-20 ff, II-21-4 ff
Spin ∼, III-15-1 ff
Three-dimensional ∼, II-20-13 ff
Transmitted ∼, II-33-14 ff
“Wet” water, II-41-1 ff
Work, 13-1 ff, 14-1 ff
X
X-ray diffraction, 30-14, 38-9, II-8-9,
II-30-3, III-2-9
X-rays, 2-8, 26-1, 31-11, 34-8, 48-10, 48-12
Y
Young’s modulus, II-38-3, II-38-11
Yukawa potential, II-28-22, III-10-11
Z
Zeeman effect, III-12-19
Zeeman splitting, III-12-15 ff
Zero, absolute, 1-8, 2-10
Zero curl, II-3-20 ff, II-4-2
Zero divergence, II-3-20 ff, II-4-2
Zero mass, 2-17
Zinc, III-19-31 f
 Name Index
A Brown, Robert (1773–1858), 41-1
Adams, John C. (1819–92), 7-10
Aharonov, Yakir (1932–), II-15-21
Ampère, André-Marie (1775–1836),
II-13-7, II-18-17, II-20-17
Anderson, Carl D. (1905–91), 52-17
Aristotle (384–322 BC), 5-1
Avogadro, L. R. Amedeo C. (1776–1856),
39-3
B
Becquerel, Antoine Henri (1852–1908),
28-5
Bell, Alexander G. (1847–1922), II-16-6
Bessel, Friedrich W. (1784–1846), II-23-11
Boehm, Felix H. (1924–), 52-17
Bohm, David (1917–92), II-7-13, II-15-21
Bohr, Niels (1885–1962), 42-14, II-5-4,
III-16-22, III-19-8
Boltzmann, Ludwig (1844–1906), 41-2
Bopp, Friedrich A. (1909–87), II-28-13 f,
II-28-16 f
Born, Max (1882–1970), 37-2, 38-16,
II-28-12, II-28-17, III-1-1, III-2-16,
III-3-1, III-21-10
Bragg, William Lawrence (1890–1971),
II-30-22
Brewster, David (1781–1868), 33-9
Briggs, Henry (1561–1630), 22-10
Name Index-1
C
Carnot, N. L. Sadi (1796–1832), 4-3,
44-4 ff, 45-6, 45-12
Cavendish, Henry (1731–1810), 7-16
Cherenkov, Pavel A. (1908–90), 51-3
Clapeyron, Benoît Paul Émile
(1799–1864), 44-4
Copernicus, Nicolaus (1473–1543), 7-1
Coulomb, Charles-Augustin de
(1736–1806), II-5-14
D
Dedekind, J. W. Richard (1831–1916),
22-5
Dicke, Robert H. (1916–97), 7-20
Dirac, Paul A. M. (1902–84), 52-17,
II-2-2, II-28-12 f, II-28-17, III-3-1,
III-3-3, III-8-3 f, III-8-6, III-12-11 f,
III-16-15, III-16-22
E
Einstein, Albert (1879–1955), 2-9, 4-13,
6-18, 7-20 f, 12-15, 12-19 f, 15-1 f,
15-5, 15-15, 15-17, 16-1, 16-8,
16-15, 41-1, 41-15, 42-14 ff, 43-15,
II-13-13, II-25-19, II-26-23,
II-27-18, II-28-7, II-42-1, II-42-11,
II-42-14, II-42-17 f, II-42-21,
 II-42-24, II-42-28 ff, III-4-15,
III-18-16
Eötvös, Roland von (1848–1919), 7-20
Euclid (c. 300 BC), 2-4, 5-10, 12-4,
II-42-8 f
F I
Faraday, Michael (1791–1867), II-10-1,
II-10-4, II-16-3 ff, II-16-7, II-16-17,
II-16-21, II-17-2 ff, II-18-17,
II-20-17
Fermat, Pierre de (1601–65), 26-5 f, 26-15
Fermi, Enrico (1901–54), 5-18
Feynman, Richard P. (1918–88), II-21-9,
II-28-13, II-28-17
Fourier, J. B. Joseph (1768–1830), 50-8 ff
Frank, Ilya M. (1908–90), 51-3
Franklin, Benjamin (1706–90), II-5-13
G L
Galileo Galilei (1564–1642), 5-1, 5-3, 7-4,
9-1, 10-7 f, 52-4
Gauss, J. Carl F. (1777–1855), II-3-10,
II-16-3, II-36-12
Geiger, Johann W. (1882–1945), II-5-4
Gell-Mann, Murray (1929–), 2-14,
III-11-21 f, III-11-27 ff, III-11-33
Gerlach, Walther (1889–1979), II-35-4,
II-35-6, III-35-4, III-35-6
Goeppert-Mayer, Maria (1906–72),
III-15-25
H
Hamilton, William Rowan (1805–65),
III-8-16
Heaviside, Oliver (1850–1925), II-21-9
Heisenberg, Werner K. (1901–76), 37-2,
37-14, 37-18 f, 38-16, II-19-19,
III-1-1, III-1-14, III-1-17 ff,
III-2-16, III-16-14, III-20-27 f
Name Index-2
Helmholtz, Hermann von (1821–94),
35-13, II-40-21, II-40-23
Hess, Victor F. (1883–1964), II-9-4
Huygens, Christiaan (1629–95), 15-3, 26-3,
33-16
Infeld, Leopold (1898–1968), II-28-12,
II-28-17
J
Jeans, James H. (1877–1946), 40-17,
41-11, 41-13, II-2-12
Jensen, J. Hans D. (1907–73), III-15-25
Josephson, Brian D. (1940–), III-21-25
K
Kepler, Johannes (1571–1630), 7-2 ff
Lamb, Willis E. (1913–2008), II-5-14
Laplace, Pierre-Simon de (1749–1827),
47-12
Lawton, Willard E. (1899–1946), II-5-14 f
Leibniz, Gottfried Willhelm (1646–1716),
8-7
Le Verrier, Urbain (1811–77), 7-10
Liénard, Alfred-Marie (1869–1958),
II-21-21
Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon (1853–1928),
15-4, 15-8, II-21-21, II-21-24,
II-25-19, II-28-6, II-28-12, II-28-20
M
MacCullagh, James (1809–47), II-1-18
Marsden, Ernest (1889–1970), II-5-4
Maxwell, James Clerk (1831–79), 6-1,
6-16, 28-1, 28-4, 40-16, 41-13, 46-8,
II-1-16 f, II-1-20, II-5-14 f, II-17-3,
II-18-1, II-18-3 f, II-18-6, II-18-8,
 II-18-15, II-18-17, II-18-21,
II-20-17, II-21-8, II-28-5, II-32-5 ff
Mayer, Julius R. von (1814–78), 3-3
Mendeleev, Dmitri I. (1834–1907), 2-14
Michelson, Albert A. (1852–1931), 15-5,
15-8
Miller, William C. (1910–81), 35-4
Minkowski, Hermann (1864–1909), 17-14
Mössbauer, Rudolf L. (1929–2011), 23-18
Morley, Edward W. (1838–1923), 15-5,
15-8
N
Nernst, Walter H. (1864–1941), 44-21
Newton, Isaac (1643–1727), 7-4 ff, 7-17,
7-20, 8-7, 9-1 f, 9-6, 10-2 f, 10-16 f,
11-2, 12-2, 12-14, 14-10, 15-1 f,
16-2, 16-10, 18-11, 37-2, 47-12,
II-4-20, II-19-14, II-42-1, III-1-1
Nishijima, Kazuhiko (1926–2009), 2-14,
III-11-21 f
Nye, John F. (1923–), II-30-22
O III-35-4, III-35-6
Oersted, Hans C. (1777–1851), II-18-17,
II-36-12
P Tamm, Igor Y. (1895–1971), 51-3
Pais, Abraham (Bram) (1918–2000),
III-11-21, III-11-27 ff, III-11-33
Pasteur, Louis (1822–95), 3-16
Pauli, Wolfgang E. (1900–58), III-4-5,
III-11-3
Pines, David (1924–), II-7-13
Planck, Max (1858–1947), 40-19, 41-11 f,
42-13 f, 42-16, III-4-22
Plimpton, Samuel J. (1883–1948),
II-5-14 f
Poincaré, J. Henri (1854–1912), 15-5, 15-9,
16-1, II-28-7
Name Index-3
Poynting, John Henry (1852–1914),
II-27-5, II-28-5
Priestley, Joseph (1733–1804), II-5-14
Ptolemy, Claudius (c. 2nd cent.), 26-4 f
Pythagoras (c. 6th cent. BC), 50-1 f
R
Rabi, Isidor I. (1898–1988), II-35-7,
III-35-7
Ramsey, Norman F. (1915–2011), 5-10
Retherford, Robert C. (1912–81), II-5-14
Roemer, Ole (1644–1710), 7-9
Rushton, William A. H. (1901–80), 35-17 f
Rutherford, Ernest (1871–1937), II-5-4
S
Schrödinger, Erwin (1887–1961), 35-10,
37-2, 38-16, II-19-19, III-1-1,
III-2-16, III-3-1, III-16-6,
III-16-20 ff, III-20-27 f, III-21-10
Shannon, Claude E. (1916–2001), 44-4
Smoluchowski, Marian (1872–1917), 41-15
Snell(ius), Willebrord (1580–1626), 26-5
Stern, Otto (1888–1969), II-35-4, II-35-6,
Stevin(us), Simon (1548/49–1620), 4-8
T
Thomson, Joseph John (1856–1940), II-5-4
Tycho Brahe (1546–1601), 7-2
V
Vinci, Leonardo da (1452–1519), 36-4
von Neumann, John (1903–57), II-12-17,
II-40-6
W
Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (1922–2006),
52-17
Weber, Wilhelm E. (1804–91), II-16-3
Weyl, Hermann (1885–1955), 11-1, 52-1
Wheeler, John A. (1911–2008), II-28-13,
II-28-17
Wiechert, Emil Johann (1861–1928),
II-21-21
Wilson, Charles T. R. (1869–1959),
II-9-19 f
Yukawa, Hideki (1907–81), 2-13, II-28-21,
III-10-10
Yustova, Elizaveta N. (1910–2008), 35-15,
35-18

Y Z
Young, Thomas (1773–1829), 35-13 Zeno of Elea (c. 5th cent. BC), 8-5

Name Index-4
 List of Symbols

|
| absolute value, 6-9

n
k binomial coefficient, n over k, 6-7
a∗ complex conjugate of a, 23-1
∂2
2 D’Alembertian operator, 2 = 2 − ∇2 , II-25-13
∂t
h i expectation value, 6-9
∂2 ∂2 ∂2
∇2 Laplacian operator, ∇2 = 2
+ 2 + 2 , II-2-20
∂x ∂y ∂z
∇ nabla operator, ∇ = (∂/∂x, ∂/∂y, ∂/∂z), 14-15
| 1i, | 2i a specific choice of base vectors for a two-state system, III-9-1
| I i, | II i a specific choice of base vectors for a two-state system, III-9-3
hφ | state φ written as a bra vector, III-8-3
hf | si amplitude for a system prepared in the starting state | si to be
found in the final state | f i, III-3-3
| φi state φ written as a ket vector, III-8-3
≈ approximately, 6-16
∼ of the order, 2-17
∝ proportional to, 5-2
α angular acceleration, 18-5
γ heat capacity ratio (adiabatic index or specific heat ratio), 39-8
0 dielectric constant or permittivity of vacuum, 0 = 8.854187817×
10−12 F/m, 12-12
κ Boltzmann’s constant, κ = 1.3806504 × 10−23 J/K, III-14-7
κ relative permittivity, II-10-8
κ thermal conductivity, 43-16
λ wavelength, 17-14
λ reduced wavelength, λ = λ/2π, II-15-16

List of Symbols-1
µ coefficient of friction, 12-6
µ magnetic moment, II-14-15
µ magnetic moment vector, II-14-15
µ shear modulus, II-38-10
ν frequency, 17-14
ρ density, 47-6
ρ electric charge density, II-2-15
σ cross section, 5-15
σ Pauli spin matrices vector, III-11-7
σx , σy , σz Pauli spin matrices, III-11-3
σ Poisson’s ratio, II-38-3
σ Stefan-Boltzmann constant, σ = 5.6704 × 10−8 W/m2 K4 , 45-14
τ torque, 18-7
τ torque vector, 20-7
φ electrostatic potential, II-4-9
Φ0 basic flux unit, III-21-21
χ electric susceptibility, II-10-7
ω angular velocity, 18-4
ω angular velocity vector, 20-7
Ω vorticity, II-40-9
a acceleration vector, 19-3
ax , ay , az cartesian components of the acceleration vector, 8-16
a magnitude or component of the acceleration vector, 8-13
A area, 5-17
Aµ = (φ, A) four-potential, II-25-15
A vector potential, II-14-2
Ax , Ay , Az cartesion components of the vector potential, II-14-2
B magnetic field vector (magnetic induction), 12-17
Bx , By , Bz cartesian components of the magnetic field vector, 12-17
c speed of light, c = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s, 4-13
C capacitance, 23-9
C Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, III-18-34
CV specific heat at constant volume, 45-3
d distance, 12-10
D electric displacement vector, II-10-11

List of Symbols-2
er unit vector in the direction r, 28-2
E electric field vector, 12-13
Ex , Ey , Ez cartesian components of the electric field vector, 12-17
E energy, 4-13
Egap energy gap, III-14-7
Etr transverse electric field vector, III-14-14
E electric field vector, III-9-8
E electromotive force, II-17-2
E energy, 33-19
f focal length, 27-4
Fµν electromagnetic tensor, II-26-12
F force vector, 11-9
Fx , Fy , Fz cartesian components of the force vector, 9-5
F magnitude or component of the force vector, 7-1
g acceleration of gravity, 9-6
G gravitational constant, 7-1
h heat flow vector, II-2-6
h Planck’s constant, h = 6.62606896 × 10−34 Js, 17-14
~ reduced Planck constant, ~ = h/2π, 2-9
H magnetizing field vector, II-32-7
i imaginary unit, 22-11
i unit vector in the direction x, 11-18
I electric current, 23-9
I intensity, 30-2
I moment of inertia, 18-12
Iij tensor of inertia, II-31-13
I intensity, III-9-23
j electric current density vector, II-2-15
jx , jy , jz cartesian components of the electric current density vector, II-
13-22
j unit vector in the direction y, 11-18
J angular momentum vector of electron orbit, II-34-4
J0 (x) Bessel function of the first kind, II-23-11
k Boltzmann’s constant, k = 1.3806504 × 10−23 J/K, 39-16

List of Symbols-3
kµ = (ω, k) four-wave vector, 34-18
k unit vector in the direction z, 11-18
k wave vector, 34-17
kx , ky , kz cartesian components of the wave vector, 34-17
k magnitude or component of the wave vector, wave number, 29-6
K bulk modulus, II-38-6
L angular momentum vector, 20-7
L magnitude or component of the angular momentum vector, 18-8
L self-inductance, 23-10
L Lagrangian, II-19-15
L self-inductance, II-17-20
| Li left-hand circularly polarized photon state, III-11-19
m mass, 4-13
meff effective electron mass in a crystal lattice, III-13-12
m0 rest mass, 10-15
M magnetization vector, II-35-14
M mutual inductance, II-22-36
M mutual inductance, II-17-18
M bending moment, II-38-19
n index of refraction, 26-7
n the nth Roman numeral, so that n takes on the values I , II ,
. . . , N, III-11-37
n unit normal vector, II-2-6
Nn number of electrons per unit volume, III-14-7
Np number of holes per unit volume, III-14-7
p dipole moment vector, II-6-5
p magnitude or component of the dipole moment vector, II-6-5
pµ = (E, p) four-momentum, 17-12
p momentum vector, 15-16
px , py , pz cartesian components of the momentum vector, 10-15
p magnitude or component of momentum vector, 2-9
p pressure, II-40-3
Pspin exch Pauli spin exchange operator, III-12-12
P polarization vector, II-10-5
P magnitude or component of the polarization vector, II-10-7

List of Symbols-4
P power, 24-2
P pressure, 39-4
P (k, n) Bernoulli or binomial probability, 6-8
P (A) probability of observing event A, 6-2
q electric charge, 12-11
Q heat, 44-5
r radius (position) vector, 11-9
r radius or distance, 5-15
R resistance, 23-9
R Reynold’s number, II-41-10
| Ri right-hand circularly polarized photon state, III-11-19
s distance, 8-2
S action, II-19-6
S entropy, 44-19
S Poynting vector, II-27-3
S “strangeness” number, 2-14
Sij stress tensor, II-31-17
t time, 5-2
T absolute temperature, 39-16
T half-life, 5-6
T kinetic energy, 13-1
u velocity, 15-2
U internal energy, 39-7
U (t2 , t1 ) operator designating the operation waiting from time t1 until t2 ,
III-8-12
U potential energy, 13-1
U unworldliness, II-25-18
v velocity vector, 11-12
vx , vy , v z cartesian components of the velocity vector, 8-15
v magnitude or component of velocity vector, 8-7
V velocity, 4-11
V voltage, 23-9
V volume, 39-4
V voltage, II-17-21

List of Symbols-5
W weight, 4-7
W work, 14-2
x cartesian coordinate, 1-11
xµ = (t, r) four-position, 34-18
y cartesian coordinate, 1-11
Yl,m (θ, φ) spherical harmonics, III-19-13
Y Young’s modulus, II-38-3
z cartesian coordinate, 1-11
Z complex impedance, 23-12

List of Symbols-6