English Intervention (Printable)

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NAME : CLASS :
SMK SERI BAYU
ENGLISH INTERVENTION
CEFR SPM 2022 REINFORCEMENT MODULE
The English Panel
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................................. 1
THEMES-BASED ONLINE PRACTICES ........................................................................................................................... 3
PEOPLE & CULTURE ........................................................................................................................................................ 3

ONLINE PRACTICES : VARIOUS TOPICS ........................................................................................................................ 3
REVIEWING A BOOK .................................................................................................................................................... 3
FAMILY VOCABULARY ................................................................................................................................................. 4
CRIMINALS VOCABULARY ........................................................................................................................................... 5
GENERAL SPORTS VOCABULARY.................................................................................................................................. 6
WORLD CUP VOCABULARY........................................................................................................................................ 10
WATTPAD SPECIAL : FRIENDSHIP STORIES................................................................................................................. 13
PLOTTING A STORY ................................................................................................................................................... 13
SPM FOCUS : FRIENDSHIP ......................................................................................................................................... 14
SPM FOCUS : ISSUES AFFECTING CHILDREN IN MALAYSIA ......................................................................................... 15
HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT.............................................................................................................................................. 16
ONLINE PRACTICES : VARIOUS TOPICS ...................................................................................................................... 16
BRAIN TRAIN : FROM SEDENTARY TO EXEMPLARY .................................................................................................... 16
MENTAL HEALTH VOCABULARY ................................................................................................................................ 17
BRAIN TRAIN : ALL EARS............................................................................................................................................ 20
FOOD AND HEALTH VOCABULARY ............................................................................................................................ 21
ENVIRONMENT VOCABULARY ................................................................................................................................... 26
READING EXERCISE : ECO-COMMUNITY .................................................................................................................... 29
BRAIN TRAIN : GOING GREEN.................................................................................................................................... 30
READING EXERCISE: ENDANGERED SPECIES .............................................................................................................. 31
BRAIN TRAIN : BATTLING EXTINCTION....................................................................................................................... 32
READING EXERCISE: POLLUTION ............................................................................................................................... 33
BRAIN TRAIN : BATTLING EXTINCTION....................................................................................................................... 34
SPM FOCUS : 3R MALAYSIA ....................................................................................................................................... 35
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................... 36
BRAIN TRAIN : SOCIAL MEDIA ................................................................................................................................... 36
COMPUTER VOCABULARY......................................................................................................................................... 37
REVIEWING A COMPUTER ......................................................................................................................................... 38
SPM FOCUS : FACILITIES IN SCHOOL COMPUTER LAB ................................................................................................ 39
SPM FOCUS : GADGET REVIEW ................................................................................................................................. 40
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CONSUMERISM & FINANCIAL AWARENESS ........................................................................................................................ 41
BRAIN TRAIN : MONEY & FINANCE ............................................................................................................................ 41
SPM FOCUS : NEEDS VS. WANTS................................................................................................................................ 42
SPM FOCUS : PERKS OF SAVING MONEY ................................................................................................................... 43
SPM FOCUS : ADOLESCENTS MAKING MONEY .......................................................................................................... 44
ARTICLES & DETERMINERS ....................................................................................................................................... 45
NOUNS : REGULAR & IRREGULAR FORMS ................................................................................................................. 47

VERBS ....................................................................................................................................................................... 48
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT ..................................................................................................................................... 48
VERBS – VARIOUS PRACTICES .................................................................................................................................... 49

VERBS : REGULAR & IRREGULAR FORMS ................................................................................................................... 50
BRAIN TRAIN : BLACK BOY BY RICHARD WRIGHT ....................................................................................................... 53
ONLINE PRACTICES : IRREGULAR VERBS USAGE ........................................................................................................ 54
VERBS : MODAL VERBS ............................................................................................................................................. 55
VERBS : PHRASAL VERBS ........................................................................................................................................... 56
BRAIN TRAIN : BLACK BOY BY RICHARD WRIGHT ....................................................................................................... 65
PREPOSITIONS ......................................................................................................................................................... 66
PREPOSITIONS : TIME & PLACE ................................................................................................................................. 66

ONLINE PRACTICES : PREPOSITIONS USAGE .............................................................................................................. 67
CONNECTORS / CONJUNCTIONS / COHESIVE DEVICES ............................................................................................. 68
ONLINE PRACTICES : CONJUNCTIONS USAGE ............................................................................................................ 69
COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES ............................................................................................................ 71
ACTIVE / PASSIVE VOICE .......................................................................................................................................... 72
VOCABULARY ........................................................................................................................................................... 73
WH QUESTIONS ....................................................................................................................................................... 73
IDIOMS..................................................................................................................................................................... 74
WRITING ESSAYS ...................................................................................................................................................... 79
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................................. 80
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THEMES-BASED ONLINE PRACTICES
PEOPLE & CULTURE
ONLINE PRACTICES : VARIOUS TOPICS
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QR Code 1 Cambridge - Vocabulary (Arts & Media) QR Code 4 Cambridge - Reading (The World of Work)
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QR Code 2 Cambridge - Reading (Camping) QR Code 5 Cambridge - Vocabulary (Travel)
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QR Code 3 Cambridge - Vocabulary (Taste) QR Code 6 Cambridge - Listening (Amir's Adventure)
REVIEWING A BOOK
Complete the table below to be used as materials in a book review. You may search the web for help.
Title :
Author :
Genre :
Pages :
Target Group :
Synopsis :
Characters :
Message :
Impression :
Recommendation :
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FAMILY VOCABULARY
Scan the QR code, and complete the online exercise by looking at the text
below. Tick the box or record your marks once you are done. %
Your family members are also called your relatives. You have an immediate or nuclear family
and an extended family. Your immediate family includes your father, mother and siblings. Your
extended family includes all of the people in your father and mother's families.
Your sibling is your brother or sister. If you have 1 brother and 2 sisters, then you have 3
siblings. Your parent is your father or mother. Your child is your son or daughter. Your spouse is
your husband or wife.
You may also have a stepfamily. Your stepfamily includes people who became part of your
family due to changes in family life. These changes may include death, divorce or separation. New
partnerships create new children. The new children and their relatives become part of your blended
family. Some people are born into a stepfamily.
Note that spouses and step-relatives are relatives by marriage. They are not blood relatives.
Your father and mother are related by marriage. But your father and you are related by blood.
my relatives
relationship to me
male female
parent
relative of whom I am the child
father mother
sibling
we have the same father and mother
brother sister
uncle aunt uncle
grandparent
parent of my parent
grand-father grand-mother
cousin child of my uncle or aunt
spouse
relative to whom I am married
husband wife
child
relative of whom I am the parent
son daughter
nephew niece child of my sibling
grandchild
child of my child
grandson grand-daughter
great grand-father great grand-mother parent of my grandparent
father-in-law mother in-law parent of my spouse
brother-in-law sister in-law sibling of my spouse; spouse of my sibling
son-in-law daughter-in-law spouse of my daughter/son
ex-husband ex-wife my previous spouse (we divorced)
half-brother half-sister my sibling born to my father or mother but not both
step-parent
new spouse of one of my parents
step-father step-mother
step-child
child of my spouse but not of me
step-son step-daughter
In a family, the word generation means all the people in one stage of the family. For example,
your parents are one generation, you and your siblings are the next generation, and your children
and their cousins are another generation.
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CRIMINALS VOCABULARY
Scan the QR code, and complete the online exercise by looking at the list
of vocabulary. Tick the box or record your marks once you are done. %
Most countries have laws (official rules set by the government). Together, these laws are
called "the Law". When people disobey the Law, we say that they "break the law", and we call such
people "law breakers" or "criminals". Breaking the law is a "crime".
This criminal does this...

accomplice helps another person to commit a crime
arsonist sets fire to other people's property illegally
assassin kills people for political reasons, or in return for payment
bigamist marries more than one person at the same time
burglar breaks in to buildings to steal
deserter is a member of the armed forces who leaves without permission
drug dealer buys and sells illegal drugs
forger makes fake money or documents
gangster is a member of a violent criminal gang (group)
hijacker takes control of a vehicle (plane, ship etc) by force and diverts it
hooligan is a violent young troublemaker
kidnapper takes people away by force and demands money to free them
mugger attacks and robs people in a public place
murderer deliberately kills another person
offender is anybody who breaks the law
pickpocket steals money etc from other people's pockets
robber steals money etc, using force or the threat of force
shoplifter steals goods from a shop while pretending to be a customer
smuggler moves goods illegally into or out of a country without paying tax
spy secretly gets information about another country
industrial spy secretly gets information about a company
stowaway hides on a plane or ship to travel secretly and free
terrorist uses violence for political reasons
thief steals property from other people (without using violence)
traitor betrays his country to another country
vandal deliberately destroys or damages public property
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GENERAL SPORTS VOCABULARY
For each term we give an example sentence in italics followed by the definition. Try to
deduce the meaning from the context before looking at the definition.
Arena Champion
The arena was full of excited spectators cheering on The boxer Muhammad Ali was world heavyweight
their team. champion three times.
A level area for holding sports events, surrounded by A top-rated, highly successful player
seats for spectators
Cheer on
Amateur The fans made a lot of noise cheering on their
The Olympic Games were originally for amateur team.
athletes only. To shout encouragement to a team or a player
Engaged in something, like playing sports, without
payment; non-professional Coach
Players should carry out their coach's instructions
Athlete during a game.
Most professional athletes spend hours every day in A person who trains and directs an athlete or a sports
training. team
A person who trains for and competes in a sport
Compete
Athletics Over 10,000 athletes will compete in the Olympic
There are some very good runners on our athletics Games.
team. To take part in a contest or a competition
'Track and field' events of running, jumping, throwing,
etc. Competition
The English Premiership League is one of the
Award world's top football competitions.
All the members of the winning team were awarded An organized event in which people compete to win
a gold medal.
To give someone something as a reward for high Competitor
achievement each competitor in a golf tournament must record
his or her own score.
Beat A person who takes part in a competition or a sporting
Italy beat France to win the 2006 Fifa World Cup. contest
To defeat someone in a game or a competition
Contest
Captain Do you know who won this year's figure skating
The captain usually leads his or her team onto the contest?
field. A game or event in which people compete to win
The leader of a team
Court
Catch the tennis courts at Wimbledon in London have a
A wicketkeeper in cricket must be very good at grass surface.
catching the ball. A quadrangular area on which ball games are played,
To grab and hold something that has been thrown such as tennis or basketball
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Course Goal
A golf course usually has eighteen holes. Jimmy got the ball, ran down the pitch, and then
An area of land prepared for racing, golf, or other scored the best goal of the game.
sports An instance of scoring in a ball game by getting the
ball into a target such as between goal-posts, through
Cup a hoop, or into a net.
After they won the final game, the winners were
awarded the championship cup. Gym / gymnasium
A cup-shaped trophy, awarded as a prize in a contest Our gym has a lot of new exercise equipment,
including running machines and cycling machines.
Defeat A room or building equipped for physical exercise
Our players were very happy after they defeated
their opponents in the final game. Half-time
To win a victory over opponents in a game or contest; The players went into the rooms at half-time and
to beat listened to their coach.
The interval between the first and second halves of a
Defend game
The team attacked and scored two goals, then spent
the rest of the game defending the lead. Judge
To protect one's goal rather than attempt to score In sports like diving and gymnastics, judges score
against one's opponents each performance in a contest.
A person who rates the quality of a sporting
Draw performance, usually by awarding points
The score was 1-0, but the losing team got a late
goal and the game ended in a 1-1 draw. League
To finish a contest or game with an even score; tie Nearly every town in the U.S. has teams in a local
baseball league.
Event A group of sports clubs that play each other over a
The 100 metres run is one of the most exciting period for a championship
events in athletics.
A particular contest in a sporting programme Leisure
It's good for kids to spend some of their leisure
Fan time playing sports.
Sometimes the umpire of a tennis match has to tell Free time, or the use of free time for enjoyment
noisy fans to be quiet.
A person who supports a particular sport, team or Lob
player Her lob flew high into the air and dropped into the
back of the court, just inside the baseline.
Field A shot that is hit in a high arc, usually over the
How many players are allowed on the field during a opponent's head
baseball game?
A piece of land marked out for a sports contest e.g. Manager
Hockey field Liverpool sacked their manager after they lost eight
of their previous ten games.
Final score The person in charge of a sports team
Today's basketball game was very close. The final
score was 84 to 82. Medal
The score at the end of a game Every athlete's dream is to win a gold medal at the
Olympic Games.
Fitness A piece of engraved metal given to signify an
I exercise at the gym every day for fitness and good achievement or an honor
health.
The condition of being physically fit and healthy
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Object Player
The object of the game of football is to score more How many players are on the court during a doubles
goals than the opponents. match in tennis?
The thing you want to get or achieve; what you aim to A person who plays a sport
do
Practise
Offside Professional golfers spend hours every day
Forwards have to learn how to avoid being caught practising their shots.
in an offside position. To repeatedly do something in order to develop one's
In an illegal position ahead of the ball (in football, skill
rugby, hockey, etc.)
Professional
Opponent Tiger Woods has been a professional golfer since he
Roger Federer's opponent in the Wimbledon final was 20 years old.
was Rafael Nadal. A person whose paid occupation is playing a sport
The person one competes against in a contest or a
game; rival Record
Do you know who holds the world record for the
Pass men's 100 metres?
A defender tries to pass the ball to a forward in a The best performance that has been officially
good position to score. measured and noted
To throw or kick the ball to another player on one's
own team Referee
The referee saw a foul, blew his whistle and
Penalty awarded a free kick.
The penalty for abusing a referee is usually a one- A sports official with authority to make rulings during
match suspension. a contest
A punishment imposed on a player or team for
breaking the rules of a sport Rules
In several sports there is an offside rule, and it's
Perform often difficult to explain.
All the athletes will do their best to perform well in The laws or regulations that govern how a game or
the Olympic Games. sport is played
To carry out a practised activity, such a play a sport
Score
Performance Do you know how to keep score in badminton?
Venus Williams put in one the best performances of The number of points a competitor or team earns
her life to win the tournament. during a game
An instance of competing in a sports event in public
Serve
Physique Serving the ball is one of the most important skills
Rugby players work hard in the gym to build up in sports like tennis.
their physiques. To hit the ball to begin play (in tennis, table tennis,
The form or shape of a person's body squash, volleyball, etc.)
Pitch (1) Shoot

The fans cheered as the players ran onto the pitch. In basketball, players try shoot from outside the 3-
A playing field (british) point line to score the extra points.
To kick, hit, or throw the ball in an attempt to score a
Pitch (2) goal (in soccer, hockey, basketball, etc.)
Our pitcher threw one of the best pitches of his life
to win the game. Skill
A throw of the ball, esp. In baseball and softball Ken has gone to a boxing camp to improve his
boxing skills.
The ability to do something well
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Spectator Tie
Spectators can add a lot to sporting events by The score was very close throughout the game, and
creating an exciting atmosphere. it ended in a tie with 89 points each.
A person who watches an event A result in a game in which teams have the same final
score; a draw
Sportsmanship
Good managers know how to teach their players Tournament
sportsmanship. The four major tennis tournaments form what is
An attitude of fairness, respect for opponents, and known as the 'grand slam'.
graciousness in winning or losing A series of contests between a number of competitors,
who compete for an overall prize
Stadium
plural: stadiums or stadia Trainer
The stadium was built for sports, but it's sometimes Some players are a bit lazy and need a strict trainer
used for concerts as well. to make them work hard.
A sports arena with tiered seating for spectators A person who helps athletes develop their skills and
fitness
Strategy
One of the jobs of the manager or coach is to Train
develop a strategy for winning each game. The hockey team trains every tuesday and thursday
A plan to achieve an objective after school.
To teach a skill over time through instruction; to
Tackle practise a skill
Rugby players have to learn how to tackle an
opponent strongly but fairly. Trophy
To challenge an opponent who has the ball The players carried the trophy over their heads as
they ran around the stadium.
Tactics A decorative object awarded as a prize in a contest or a
Players use tactics such as attacking their tournament
opponent's weaknesses in order to win.
An action or strategy planned to achieve an objective Umpire
In a game of cricket, there are two umpires on the
Talent field during play.
Our daughter's basketball coach says she has a lot A sports official with authority to make rulings during
of natural talent for the game. a contest
A natural aptitude or skill
Victory
Teammate The players had worked very hard, and they
The team wins because the players are always deserved their victory.
looking for their teammates. The act of winning a game or contest
A fellow member of a sports team
Whistle
Teamwork The referee blew his whistle twice to signal the end
The best teams spend a lot of time on the training of the match.
ground working on teamwork. A small instrument that makes a high-pitched noise
The combined action of a group of people when blown
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WORLD CUP VOCABULARY
Every four years, millions of people all over the world gather in front of TV screens
at all hours of the day and night. As they watch, tension and excitement rises and falls
until, all of a sudden, they might leap into the air, screaming and shouting and hugging
one another. Or they might, just as suddenly, curse and moan and hold their heads in
their hands. At the end of the broadcast they could be singing and dancing with joy, or
they could be staring at the floor, silent and heartbroken. What is it that's causing all
this joy and sorrow? It is, of course, the FIFA World Cup football tournament, more
popularly known as the world cup or the world cup finals.
History of the World Cup

It all started in 1928, when football's governing body FIFA (Fédération
Internationale de Football Association) decided to organize a competition among senior
men's national football teams for the official title of FIFA World Champions. Before
then, the team winning the Olympic Games football gold medal were regarded as world
champions. But the members of FIFA felt that the game should have its own
international tournament, with its own trophy, and its own officially-named FIFA World
Champions.
The first FIFA World Cup tournament was held in 1930. The host country was
Uruguay, whose team had won the Olympic gold medal in 1928 and were therefore
regarded as the current world champions. Only thirteen countries accepted FIFA's
invitation to take part, and only four of those were countries outside North and South
America. This was partly due to the high cost of sending teams from Europe and other
parts of the world all the way to South America. But the tournament went ahead anyway,
and in the final match Uruguay defeated Argentina to become the winners of the first
FIFA World Cup. Since then, the tournament has grown enormously, both in size and
popularity, and it is now one of the biggest sporting events in the world.
World Cup Qualifying Tournaments

FIFA allows only 32 teams to compete in the World Cup Finals, but with over 200
national teams wanting to compete, qualification tournaments are necessary. Every
team, except for the host country's, must earn their place in the Finals, or "qualify", by
competing in one of six qualifying tournaments in FIFA's six zones; Africa, Asia, North
and Central America and Caribbean, South America, Oceania, and Europe. With so many
teams trying to qualify, the process is long and complicated, with over 800 matches held
over a two-year period. The first of these matches usually takes place nearly three years
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before the Finals are held. But once the qualifying tournaments are over, and all 32
places have been filled, the teams that have qualified can begin their preparations for
the World Cup Finals.
World Cup Finals

The Finals are in two stages: the "group stage" followed by the "knockout stage".
Teams that lose a match in the group stage still have a chance of staying in the
competition, but teams that lose a match in the knockout stage are knocked out of the
competition, or "eliminated". In the group stage, teams are arranged into eight groups
of four teams. Each team plays the other teams in their group one time, and teams earn
three points for a win and one point for a draw. The two teams in each group that earn
the most points proceed to the knockout stage, while the other two teams in each group
are eliminated. In the first round of the knockout stage, called the "round of sixteen",
eight matches are played. The eight losing teams are eliminated, while the eight winning
teams go on to the next round, called the "quarter-finals". There are four matches in this
round, with the four losing teams being eliminated and the four winning teams going
into the "semi-finals". The two teams that lose their semi-final match will compete for
third place in the third-place match, and the two teams that win will battle against each
other for the title of World Champions in the World Cup Final.
The World Cup Final

Between the semi-finals and the World Cup Final, excitement grows with every
passing day. When match day finally comes, nearly a hundred thousand noisy and
colourful spectators pack into the tournament's main stadium, while nearly a billion
more watch the match live on television. When the players and officials finally emerge
from the tunnel, the tension and excitement reach "fever pitch". And when the referee
blows the starting whistle, the World Cup Final begins. If scores are level after 90
minutes, the match goes into extra time, and if scores are still level after extra time, the
result is decided by a penalty shootout. When the match is finally over, the players and
fans of one team are leaping and crying with joy, while those of the other slump down
in bitter disappointment.
Trophy, Medals and Awards

After the match, the World Cup presentation ceremony begins. The runners-up
are awarded World Cup silver medals, and then the champions are awarded World Cup
gold medals. The president of FIFA then presents the World Cup trophy to the winning
team's captain. Fireworks explode as he and his teammates hold the trophy aloft, and
then parade it together on a lap of honour, celebrating wildly as they go. Several other
awards are also presented, including the golden ball for the tournament's best player,
the golden boot for the top goal scorer, and the golden glove for the best goalkeeper.
Bronze medals are also awarded to members of the third-placed team.
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World Cup Records
Since the World Cup was first held in 1930, Brazil — the only team to have
competed in every tournament — has won five times; Italy and Germany have won four
times; Argentina and Uruguay two times; and England, France, and Spain have each won
once. Brazil's legendary Pele holds the record for winning the most World Cups, in 1958,
1962 and 1970. The top goal scorer at the World Cup is Germany's Miroslav Klose with
16 goals, followed by Brazil's Ronaldo with 15 goals and Germany's Gerd Müller with 14.
Other FIFA Tournaments

FIFA also organizes several other international football tournaments, including
the FIFA Women's World Cup, the FIFA Club World Cup, youth World Cups for players
under the ages of 17 and 20, the FIFA Futsal World Cup, and the FIFA Beach Soccer
World Cup.
broadcast (n): a program or live event on radio, - if we hadn't lost that match in the knockout
television or streamed online - did you watch stage, we might've been champions.
the live broadcast of the opening ceremony?
round (n): one of several stages into which a
trophy (n): a winner's cup, or similar object, tournament or competition is divided - the
presented at the end of a tournament, race, highlight of her tennis career was getting to
match, etc. - my wife won lots of trophies the third round at Wimbledon.
when she was an athlete in high school.
runner-up (n): a player or team that comes
host country (also host nation) (n): the country second in a tournament, race, quiz, etc. - in the
in which an international event is held - china Olympic Games, the runners-up are awarded
was the host country for the 2008 Summer a silver medal.
Olympic Games.
(be) eliminated (also (be) knocked out) (v): to
qualify (v): to earn the right to compete, either be defeated and excluded from further
by being highly rated or by winning a qualifying competition - the guys were really upset about
match - do you think our team has much being eliminated before the semi-finals.
chance of qualifying for the finals?
quarter-finals (n): a round of four matches, the
(the) final (n): a tournament's final match, the winners of which qualify for the semi-finals
winner of which is the champion - I'm trying to - we thought we'd won our quarter-final, but
get some tickets for the final, but they're not Italy got two late goals and beat us.
easy to get.
semi-finals (n): a round of two matches, the
group stage (n): stage of a tournament in which winners of which qualify for the final - the
players or teams compete in groups - winning semi-finals will be held about a week before
two games in the group stage should get us the final.
into the knockout stage.
fever pitch (n): a very high level of excitement
knockout stage (n): stage of a tournament in or frenzy - the crowd's excitement reached
which competitors are eliminated if they lose fever pitch as Ronaldo scored a goal.
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WATTPAD SPECIAL : FRIENDSHIP STORIES
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QR Code 7 Best Friends in Highschool (15 minutes) QR Code 9 You Are The Shell To My Tortoise (14 hours)
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QR Code 8 Alpha Rogue (2 hours) QR Code 10 Parallel - A Virtual Gamer’s Story (85 hours)
PLOTTING A STORY
Stories are written in CEFR SPM Paper 2 (Part 3 – Narrative). Use the template below to make an outline of any chosen story.
Paragraph 3 – CLIMAX The protagonist faces the problem head on, be it an antagonist or a dire situation, and is unable to pull through.
Usually the shortest paragraph, describes the action taken to end the conflict.
Paragraph 2 – RISING ACTION Paragraph 4 – FALLING ACTION

Problem starts to unroll and tension Usually the shortest paragraph, describing
builds. the solution to end the conflict.
Climax
Peak of
emotion
during conflict.
A good story
always has a
problem and
a solution.
Exposition Resolution
Paragraph 1 – EXPOSITION Paragraph 5 – RESOLUTION
Write about characters and Introduces the Provides a Wrap up the story, and indirectly
characters & closure &
backstory. Be detailed! include the lesson learnt.
settings. lesson learnt.
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SPM FOCUS : FRIENDSHIP
Scan the QR code, and complete the exercise below based on the stories
you’ve read. Tick the box once you are done. %
Write an answer to this question in 200 – 250 words in an appropriate style on this question paper, or scan the Write
& Improve QR Code to answer the question in the workbook by keying in the code.
Your teacher has asked you to write a story for the school magazine. The story must have the title as follows:
“Friends are the family we choose.”

Your story should include the following details:
WRITE & IMPROVE
WORKBOOK CODE
• A description of your friend.
• Why having friends is important.
BECDEH3R
Write your story.
Checklist
Introduction
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Conclusion
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SPM FOCUS : ISSUES AFFECTING CHILDREN IN MALAYSIA
Scan the QR code, and complete the exercise below by referring to the
website. Tick the box once you are done. %
Write your answer in 125 – 150 words in an appropriate style, or scan the Write & Improve QR code and type your
answer in the workbook by keying in the code.
You have been talking to your classmates about poverty-stricken children in Malaysia. Your teacher asked you to
write an essay to suggest ways to help these children.
In your essay, you should write about:
• how poverty affected the children. WRITE & IMPROVE

• the ways to help tackle the issue as a student. WORKBOOK CODE
• a message to your peers about this issue. BECDEH3R
Write your essay using all the notes, and give reasons for your opinion.
Checklist
Introduction
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Conclusion
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HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT
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QR Code 11 Cambridge - Listening (Sports) QR Code 14 Fun Quiz - Sleep-o-meter
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QR Code 12 Cambridge - Vocabulary (Body & Health 1) QR Code 15 Fun Quiz – Internet Addiction
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QR Code 13 Cambridge - Vocabulary (Body & Health 2) QR Code 16 Britannica Quiz – Pollution
BRAIN TRAIN : FROM SEDENTARY TO EXEMPLARY

Use the diagram below to brainstorm on an active lifestyle. Use the framework to discuss with your friends.
Active Lifestyle
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MENTAL HEALTH VOCABULARY

Scan the QR code to play a video, and complete the exercise below
referring to the video. Tick the box once you are done. %
INSTRUCTION : Pay attention to the video and fill in the blanks using only one word. The
first part is a text, while the second on the next page is an infographic image. You may
replay the video multiple times, or play it at a slower speed.
Hey, it is time we talk about mental health, and it is time we take it seriously. Mental health issues are
_____________ at its highest in Malaysia. A national survey shows that one in three Malaysians are ______________
by mental health problems, making it the second biggest expected health problem affecting Malaysians after
heart disease by 2020.
That’s an ______________ figure. It’s a real alarming figure and I think it is suggesting that we are not paying
enough attention.
So, what are Malaysians not understanding about mental health, and why are we still ______________ it aside?
Mental health includes the state of our emotional, psychological, and social well-being affecting how we
think, feel, and act. Mental disorders are conditions that present _____________ disturbances to daily functions.
Symptoms include changes in mood and personality and social ______________. There’s a list of illnesses that
fall under the ___________, but anxiety and depression are the most __________ issues that affect our population.
I was ______________ and I didn’t want to do anything. All I wanted to do was lay in bed. Even though I loved
playing games, I loved reading books, I just didn’t want to do any of it. It’s not like flu, you can just rest and
be okay with it. There was nothing to look at for help.
The disability that they experience is ______________. We have studies that suggest that depression and anxiety
actually cause more burden or disability in people than even a heart attack. You don’t tell someone with
hypertension to ______ out of it. The same way you can’t ask someone with depression to snap out of it. There
are neurochemicals changes in the brain in these people and they need ______________ help and support to get
better as well.
Recent studies show that the highest ____________ rate of mental illness are shown in youths and young adults.
More than tripling the numbers in the last decade. But are these issues increasing or are we gaining greater
awareness of mental health. There has been little research done to answer that, but experts say social
pressure and ______________ to social media are contributing factors.
There are more demands and needs on younger people. The need for ______________ may be driven by the
community, may be driven by their own parents, may be driven by the competition in their own schools and
they seem to perhaps have less ______________ when it comes to dealing with stress as well.
And many have no one to fall _________ on due to lack of awareness and understanding in regards to their
situation.
I wouldn’t dare to speak out to my friends or family because I felt like it was a __________. It felt like I was the
burden. I didn’t want to share my burden with other people. Let me handle it myself. Until one point my
mom came to me and told me that you know, it’s fine as long as I’m okay. Things can be ___________, but your
life can’t.
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Online Offline
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19
Peaking pit-bottom
His fever was peaking last night so we I will always remember my friends who
brought him to the emergency department. help me when I was at pit-bottom, they are
to reach the highest, strongest, or best point, value, the truest.
or level of skill
at the lowest level of conditions
Affected
Enormous
Marina’s joyful personality affected
The hall that I plan to have my wedding in
everyone at the party, it was so enjoyable.
to have influenced or cause a change to someone or
is enormous, it could fit a thousand people
something in it and still have extra space.
extremely large
Alarming
snap out of it
There has been an alarming rise in the rate
of inflation. I was at a writer’s block, and i simply
causing worry or fear couldn’t snap out of it.
to stop experiencing something unpleasant or stop
behaving in a negative way.
brushing it aside
My mother always tells me to avoid Appropriate
brushing problems aside, deal with it to
Is this film appropriate for small children?
solve it. suitable or right for a particular situation or occasion.
refusing to consider something seriously because you feel
that it is not important.
Connectivity
Severe The new router enables a stronger and
After the match, Khaled was in a severe better connectivity.
the ability of a computer, program, device, or system to
condition due to the broken rib. connect with one or more others
causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, damage, etc.
Perfectionism
Withdrawal
Obsessive perfectionism can be very
If you think you are going through
irritating.
withdrawal, call me. the wish for everything to be correct or perfect
the unpleasant physical and mental state that happens
when you stop doing or taking something, especially a
drug, that has become a habit. Resilience
I’m very at amazed at my nephew’s
Spectrum resilience, and how he bounced back after
A wide spectrum of opinions was losing his mother.
represented at the meeting. the ability to be happy, successful, etc. again after
something difficult or bad had happened.
a range of different positions, opinions, etc. between two
extreme points
fall back on
Prevalent If I lose my job, I’ll have nothing to fall
These diseases are prevalent among young back on.
children. to use something, especially a form of financial support,
when other things have failed.
existing very commonly or happening often.

20
Burden Funding
Think thoroughly before buying a house, it Alisha is trying to get funding for her
usually proves to be more of a burden than research.
convenience. money given by a government or organization for an
something heavy, difficult, or unpleasant that you have to event or activity.
deal with
Understaffed
Relevant From these backlog files, we know that the
The syllabus used in school is no longer company has been understaffed for too
relevant to current times. long.
correct or suitable for a particular purpose a business or organization not having enough employees.
came into effect being a listening ear

Your employer did not owe you anything I’m lucky to have Arman who loves being a
because the minimum wage act came into listening ear. Otherwise, I would have gone
effect after you resigned. crazy!
to be put in place, or to be executed to listen to someone talk about a problem
BRAIN TRAIN : ALL EARS

Use the diagram below to brainstorm on characteristics of a good listener. Use the framework to discuss with your friends.
A Good
Listener
21
FOOD AND HEALTH VOCABULARY

The food we eat can affect our health in many ways. If we eat food that's contaminated with
bacteria, we'll be sick and go to the toilet more often. We can also get sick if we eat dangerous foods like
poisonous mushrooms or certain kinds of fish. These foods have short-term effects on our health, but food
can also have long-term effects on our health.
These long-term effects vary depending on where we live and how much we eat. In a country with
food shortages due to war or lack of rain, people might suffer from malnutrition. People with malnutrition
lose a lot of weight and become very thin and weak. They can also develop long-term illnesses due to the
lack of essential nutrients like vitamin C and iron. People in rich, developed countries can also develop
food-related illnesses, but they're usually related to eating too much, or overeating, rather than eating too
little.
The term malnutrition is made from the combining form mal- (bad) + the noun nutrition (food,
nourishment, eating). It therefore means "bad eating", and covers "wrong" eating, under-eating and over-
eating. Other words formed with mal- include: malpractice, malfunction, malodorous
Overweight and obesity
People who overeat can become overweight, especially if they don't exercise. Being a little
overweight isn't usually related to serious health problems, but putting on more weight and
becoming obese definitely is. This is because obesity is a major risk factor for many serious illnesses that
can be fatal and shorten our lives by many years.
People who are suffering from malnutrition can usually recover by simply eating nutritious food,
but people who are obese face a far more difficult situation. To recover they must lose a lot of weight by
eating less and changing to a healthy diet¹. This can be very difficult to do, especially if they live in a place
full of Western-style fast foods and processed foods. And even if they lose weight by going on a diet², most
people soon return to their usual diet and put the weight back on. So learning about food and health and
how to prevent obesity in the first place is one of the most important things we can learn.
All the energy our bodies need comes from the food we eat, and it's measured in calories. If we
balance the calories we get from food with the number we "burn" each day as energy, our body weight stays
the same. But if we eat more food than we need, the extra energy is stored as body fat and we put on weight.
You can check to see if your body weight is healthy or not by measuring your height and weight and then
calculating your body mass index (or BMI) with a special formula. If your BMI is between 18.5 and 25, your
weight is healthy. If it's between 25 and 30, you're overweight, and if it's over 30, you're obese and need to
change your diet.
The obesity epidemic
Before the 1970s obesity wasn't a serious problem, but in the mid-70s obesity rates began rising in
Western countries like the USA, UK and Australia. These were the first countries in which major food
companies began increasing their profits by selling more snack foods, fast foods and processed junk
food than ever before. Fast food companies opened hamburger, pizza and fried chicken outlets in every big
town and city and spent huge amounts of money marketing them. Major food companies filled
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supermarkets with frozen "TV dinners" and convinced families they were as healthy as home-cooked meals.
They marketed more and more sweets, snack foods and sugary drinks to children even though they knew
they were damaging their health and ruining their teeth. They spent millions of
dollars lobbying governments in order to stop them from regulating their industry and reducing their
profits.
In the 1990s Western food companies began targeting people in developing countries as well, and
many are now eating hamburgers, pizzas and other Western foods instead of traditional local foods. As a
result, obesity rates have increased greatly in those countries as well. According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), only 1% of the world's children were obese in 1975, but the number is now 10 times
higher. The number of overweight and obese adults has also increased greatly since 1975 and is now over 2
billion people. The situation has become so serious that it's being called an obesity epidemic.
An epidemic usually involves just one disease, but the obesity epidemic is related to several diseases.
It's a major risk factor for heart disease and heart attacks, high blood pressure and strokes, diabetes and
kidney disease, and many kinds of cancer, all of which can be fatal. And our risk of developing one of these
diseases increases every time we eat certain dangerous or fattening foods.
Dangerous foods
Most nutritionists now agree that a diet of Western-style processed food and fast food is one of the
unhealthiest diets of all. This is because it's so high in saturated fats, trans fats, sugar and salt, all of which
can be a danger to health.
Saturated fats and trans fats
Saturated fats and trans fats are dangerous because they increase our blood levels of cholesterol, a
substance that can form fatty lumps that block blood flow and cause heart attacks and stroke. The worst
foods for saturated fats include bacon, sausages, hamburgers, fatty steaks, ham and salami pizzas, high-fat
cream, etc.
Trans fats are even more dangerous and harder to avoid because food companies use them so often.
They can be found in potato crisps, donuts, pastries, cookies and other processed foods as well as in
margarine and oils used to make French fries, onion rings and other deep-fried foods. They're banned in
New York City and certain other places, but still used elsewhere even though the WHO has said they cause
over half a million deaths every year. (Source: WHO News Release, 14 May 2018)
Sugar
Sugar is a natural carbohydrate found in fruits and vegetables, but it's also added to thousands of
products to make them taste sweeter. It's added to soft drinks and energy drinks, flavoured yoghurt, cereals,
cookies, cakes, sweets and candy, and most other processed foods. Too much sugar can cause obesity and
diabetes as well as heart disease. Just one soft drink or energy drink contains nearly half the sugar we
should consume in one day, so anyone on a diet of Western-style processed foods is sure to consume too
much. In 2014 Dr. Frank Hu, professor of nutrition at Harvard University, wrote, "The effects of added sugar
intake — higher blood pressure, inflammation, weight gain, diabetes, and fatty liver disease — are all linked
to an increased risk for heart attack and stroke."
Salt
We all need a little salt in our diets, but consuming more than 5 or 6 grams per day can lead to high
blood pressure which is a major risk factor for heart disease, stroke and kidney disease. A high-salt diet is
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also a probable risk factor for stomach cancer. Salt is added to so many products (often listed as sodium or
sodium chloride on the packet) that it's become yet another reason to avoid processed foods.
Healthy diets and foods
To learn more about food and health, nutritionists have studied diets in places where people are
healthier and live longer than usual. They've found that in Japan and Mediterranean countries in southern
Europe, rates of heart disease, diabetes, stroke and cancer are among the lowest in the world. Even though
their traditional cuisines look and taste very different, Japanese and Mediterranean people eat many of the
same foods. They eat lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans and nuts, and they cook in vegetable oils
rather than animal fats. Their traditional diets also include plenty of fish and seafood, but not many dairy
foods or eggs, and little or no red meat.
Mediterranean Diet
Mediterranean and Japanese diets are similar and both are linked to low rates of diet-related illness like
heart disease. Should we use them as a guide to healthy eating? Many experts now think so.
• fresh vegetables
• fish and seafood
• grains (esp. wholewheat bread and pasta)
• beans, legumes and nuts
• fresh and dried fruits
• eggs and dairy foods in moderation
• olive oil
Many nutritionists now recommend low-fat diets like this, or the similar pescatarian/pescetarian diet
that includes dairy products, fish and seafood, but no poultry or red meat like pork or beef. Some are even
recommending a totally meat-free vegetarian or vegan diet, especially for people with heart disease or
other diet-related illnesses. But if you become vegetarian or vegan, they say you must make sure you get all
the essential amino acids from protein-rich plant foods like soybeans.
Summary
If we eat healthy foods in a balanced diet, there's a good chance we'll live long and healthy lives. A
balanced diet should provide around the same number of calories as the body uses each day. This allows us
to maintain a healthy BMI by ensuring we don't lose or gain too much weight. Our diet should include a wide
variety of fresh, natural foods with a good balance of nutrients plus all the essential vitamins and minerals.
We should try to avoid fatty foods and processed foods that contain substances that can be dangerous like
sugar and salt, and additives such as preservatives, colourings and artificial flavourings that might not have
been tested for long enough. And we should definitely avoid Western-style fast foods that contain saturated
fats and trans fats.

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body mass index (or BMI) : a weight-to- epidemic : the sudden spread of a disease or
height ratio that shows if you're overweight, medical condition - Processed foods are
underweight or at a healthy weight- Jason's causing a global obesity epidemic.
body mass index is 27, so he's a bit overweight.
fast food : food served quickly, esp. Western
calorie : a unit for measuring the amount of foods like hamburgers, pizzas, fried chicken
energy we get from food - How many calories and French fries - Fast food joints are
are there in a can of soft drink? everywhere around here.
carbohydrate : a substance in foods such as fatal : causing someone to die - The heart
bread and potatoes that is a major source of attack wasn't fatal. He survived!
energy or calories - Is limiting carbohydrates a
good way to lose weight? heart disease : a medical condition in which
the heart fails to work properly - Eating
cancer : a serious illness that is usually healthy food prevents heart disease.
difficult to cure and often leads to death - My
cousin died of lung cancer when he was fifty. high blood pressure (or hypertension) : a
condition in which the blood pressure is
cholesterol : a substance in body cells that higher than it should be - High blood pressure
can cause heart disease if levels in the blood can cause strokes, can't it?
are too high - The test shows you have too much
bad cholesterol in your blood. junk food : unhealthy food, esp. fatty fast
foods and processed snack foods - Kids eat far
consume : to eat or drink something - How too much junk food these days.
many calories should we consume every day?
lobby : to contact people with power like
contaminate : to make something a carrier of politicians and try to influence them for your
disease - Food that isn't stored properly can benefit - The food industry spends millions of
become contaminated with dangerous bacteria. dollars lobbying politicians.
diabetes : a serious illness in which your body malnutrition : a condition of weakness or

cannot regulate the amount of sugar in the illness caused by eating too much food, not
blood - Being obese is the most common cause enough food or unhealthy food - There are still
of type 2 diabetes. many poor people who suffer from malnutrition.
diet¹ : all the foods a person normally eats market : to use advertising and other
- My doctor said a vegetarian diet rich in plant persuasive methods to make people want a
protein is best. product - Shouldn't people who produce and
market dangerous foods be punished?
diet² : a limited amount or range of food that
someone eats to lose weight or become nutrient : a substance in food that is
healthier - I've been on lots of diets but I'm still necessary for good health - A healthy diet gives
overweight. us all the nutrients we need.
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nutritious : (of food or drinks) containing profit : money made by selling a product or
substances we need in order to be healthy service - Companies will do whatever's
- Japanese food is both nutritious and delicious. necessary to increase their profits.
obese : very fat; far above a healthy weight regulate : to use official powers or laws to
(BMI >30) - Why are so many people in control an activity, process or industry - The
Australia obese these days? only way to prevent obesity is to regulate the
food industry.
obesity : the state of being very overweight,
or the medical condition related to this - If risk factor : something that increases your
marketing junk food to kids causes obesity, why chances of developing a disease or being
isn't it banned? injured - Smoking is a risk factor for lung
cancer.
overeat : to eat more food than the body
needs - If I didn't overeat, I wouldn't be saturated fat : a type of fat that's found in
overweight. butter, cheese, red meat, etc. - Reducing the
amount of saturated fat in your diet can help you
overweight : above a normal or healthy live longer.
weight (BMI 25-30) - How can I stop my kids
from becoming overweight? stroke : the sudden bursting of a blood vessel
in the brain that can cause serious illness or
pescatarian/pescetarian : (of a diet) death - After he had a stroke, Harry couldn't
including vegetarian food and fish, but no walk or talk normally.
other meat - My cousin thinks farming animals
and chickens is cruel and bad for the planet, so trans fat (or trans fatty acid) : an artificial
he's pescetarian. fat that makes food last longer and taste
better but is very bad for health - Trans fats
preservative : a chemical substance used for are banned in many places because they're so
preventing food from spoiling or wood from bad for our health.
decaying - Many processed foods have added
preservatives and artificial colourings and vegan : (of a diet) with plant foods only;
flavourings. without animal products, including meat,
fish, seafood, eggs, milk, cheese, etc - Let's try
process : to add chemicals or other sticking to a vegan diet.
substances to food to make it last longer or
look or taste better - The processed food vegetarian : (of a diet) with plant foods and
industry makes a huge amount of money. sometimes dairy products, but without meat,
fish, or seafood - Most people I met in India
were vegetarian.
26
ENVIRONMENT VOCABULARY
Word Example sentence Meaning
rain that contains harmful chemicals that
Burning fossil fuels in one country can
acid rain collect in the atmosphere when fossil fuels
cause acid rain in other countries.
are burned
Our school has banned plastic bottles
to not allow something (eg. smoking,
ban because they're so bad for the
alcohol, plastic bags, protest marches, etc.)
environment.
a gas that's released when carbon is
carbon dioxide Trees and plants absorb carbon
burned (for example coal or oil), or when
(CO2) dioxide and release oxygen into the air.
people or animals breathe out
Travelling by air, driving a car or using
a measurement of the amount of carbon-
carbon footprint coal-generated electricity will make
dioxide a person adds to the atmosphere
your carbon footprint bigger.
Cigarette smoke contains a number a substance that has been linked to
carcinogen
of carcinogens. causing one or more types of cancer
I carpool to work with two of my
carpool to share a car instead of driving one alone
neighbours who also work downtown.
Forests never recover fully after to destroy a forest by cutting down all the
clear-cut
being clear-cut. trees
clearcutting Did you know that clearcutting is the worst a forestry or logging practice in which
(also clearfelling) way to use a forest's resources? most or all trees in an area are cut down
Do you really think you know more global changes in temperature, wind
climate change about climate change than a real climate patterns, rainfall, etc. mainly caused by the
scientist? burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil
to put organic waste like vegetable peels,
Since we started composting we've uneaten food, grass clippings and leaves
compost
reduced our garbage by half. into a large container that breaks it down
into healthy soil
Imagine how much pollution you cause
commute to travel from home to work and back
by commuting by car for two hours a day?
Conservation wasn't a big issue until the the protection and preservation of natural
conservation
book Silent Spring was published in 1966. environments and resources
Americans consume more than their share to use things like energy, fuel, materials,
consume
of the earth's resources. food, water, etc.
Their contaminated milk powder made lots carrying harmful bacteria or toxins that
contaminated
of babies really sick. can cause disease or death
We moved our factory to a developing
developing a poor nation that's gradually becoming
country because of cheap labour and weak
country richer and more advanced
environmental laws.
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domestic waste
How much domestic waste does your rubbish or garbage from a house or
(also household
family produce every day? apartment
waste)
If you donate money to Greenpeace, you'll to give money or goods to an organization
donate
be helping endangered animals. you want to help or support
You can be sent to jail to put waste in the wrong place (eg. put
dump
for dumping hazardous waste, you know. toxic waste into a river)
a community with environmentally-
Eco-community Our kids want to live in that eco-
friendly buildings, clean technology and
or ecovillage community near the forest.
renewable energy like solar and wind
endangered Every year more animals are listed animals or plants in danger of becoming
species as endangered species. extinct or disappearing in the near future
Those energy-efficient light bulbs are able to use less energy (esp. of vehicles,
energy-efficient
much cheaper these days. appliances, buildings, etc.)
the complex system of relationships
All those plants, insects and birds in your
ecosystem between living things and their
garden are part of an ecosystem.
environment
Cars emit harmful pollutants into the to release or project something (eg. light,
emit
atmosphere. sound, smoke, gas, radiation, etc.)
Lots of Australian animals have
no longer existing or lost forever (of an
extinct become extinct since the British took
animal, bird or plant species)
control.
If you are going to fertilize your lawn, to add chemicals or organic material to
fertilize
make sure to use an organic fertilizer. soil so that plants grow better
We need to know where each species fits the order in which organisms in an
food chain
in the food chain. ecosystem eat one another
Burning fossil fuels is a major cause of a fuel like oil or coal formed from very old
fossil fuel
global warming. plant and animal fossils
global warming Rising sea levels, melting ice caps and higher air and sea temperatures partly
(also climate coral reef bleaching are caused by global caused by man-made increases in
change) warming. greenhouse-gas levels
If you want to save the planet, join one of concerned with protecting the natural
green
the green political parties. environment and the planet
Greenhouse The more greenhouse gases we produce, a gas in the atmosphere that stops heat
gas the worse climate change will get. from escaping into space
Lots of animals will become extinct if their
habitat the place in which a species normally lives
natural habitats are destroyed.
Hazardous They increased their profits by dangerous substances that need careful
waste dumping hazardous waste into the ocean. disposal (eg. toxic or nuclear waste)
Taking public transport instead of driving a
minimize car minimizes your impact on the to reduce as much as possible
environment.
a chemical that's sprayed on crops to stop
pesticide Can't we find a pesticide that's safe?
insects from destroying them
28
The Environmental Protection Agency a substance or material that damages the
pollutant
checks levels of pollutants. natural environment
to release waste substances into the air,
pollute Fumes from factories pollute our air.
water and soil
the contamination of the environment,
All the pollution around here comes from
pollution esp. by industrial waste products and
factories and mines.
chemicals like pesticides
We need stronger laws in order
preserve to keep something in its original state
to preserve our forests.
It's really important to protect our water
protect to keep from harm
supply.
Environmentalists will protest if the to show you disagree with something, esp.
protest
loggers try to destroy the forest. as part of a group of protesters
The green bin's for things that can to make something new from materials
recycle
be recycled like paper and glass. that have been used before
You can reduce your household waste by
reduce to use less or make something smaller
buying products with less packaging.
Plant twenty trees in
the planting of trees and plants to help a
reforestation our reforestation project and you'll get
damaged or destroyed forest recover
into our dance party for free!
forms of energy that can be replaced
If you want to make money, invest
renewables naturally, such as hydro-electricity, solar
in renewables.
energy and wind power
We won't have to rely on power companies to depend on (or need) someone or
rely on
if we use solar and wind power instead. something
We try to reuse things like plastic bags and
reuse to use again
bottles.
We're going to live in a self- able to function, or produce all that's
self-sufficient
sufficient farming community. needed, without outside help
The smog was so bad that we had to wear a thick dirty cloud at ground level caused
smog
air-filter masks. by pollutants reacting to sunlight
Don't throw away your grass clippings;
throw away to get rid of something you don't want
leave them on your lawn.
After the mine released toxic waste into deadly or poisonous (of waste, chemicals,
toxic
the river, all the fish died. pollutants, etc.)
toxin (toxic Smoke from factories often contains a poisonous substance that damages
chemical) dangerous toxins. health or the environment
We are using up the earth's natural
use up to use something until there's none left
resources faster than ever.
Don't waste toilet paper; use one or two to use more than necessary, or to use
waste
sheets instead of three or four. inefficiently
I love taking pictures of wildlife in the animals, birds, insects, etc. living naturally
wildlife
forest. in the wild
Zero-emission vehicles like electric cars releasing no greenhouse gases like
zero-emission
are much cheaper now. carbon-dioxide or methane
29
READING EXERCISE : ECO-COMMUNITY
The green movement is catching on in many pockets of the world. This is especially true in
the construction industry. Today's buzz words, which include global warming and zero emissions,
are causing everyday people (not just celebrities) to look for ways to reduce their carbon footprint.
Purchasing an environmentally-friendly home is a good investment for those who are concerned
about their own health and the well-being of our planet. Based on this trend, entire districts, known
as eco-communities, are being designed with green initiatives in mind. One of these communities
is Dockside Green in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Its goal is to become the world's
first zero-emission neighbourhood.
Dockside Green is a mostly self-sufficient community along the harbour front of Victoria,
the capital city of British Columbia. The community is home to around 2,500 people and includes
residential, office, and retail space. It includes a variety of environmental features, some of which
are unprecedented.
The planners and builders of Dockside Green have the environment in mind with every
choice they make. They ensure proper ventilation and guarantee residents clean air indoors.
Interior and exterior building materials, such as paints and wood, are natural and non-toxic. One
of these is bamboo which is used because it's very durable and can be grown without the use of
dangerous pesticides.
Energy efficiency is one of the top priorities in eco-communities like Dockside Green. Not
only do energy-efficient appliances and light fixtures reduce the environmental impact of heating,
cooking and lighting, they also save residents money. Dockside Green claims that home owners use
55% less energy than the average Canadian. Though many residents are sharing space by investing
in condo-style living, they have their own individual utility metres for electricity and gas. Studies
show that people use around 20% less energy when they are billed for exactly what they use.
Eco-communities also take the future into account by recycling waste and reducing carbon
emissions. At Dockside Green, waste water is treated and reused on-site for flushing toilets, and
a biomass gas plant converts waste wood into a renewable form of gas for hot water systems, stoves
and gas heaters. The community also reduces carbon emissions by using local suppliers for all their
transport and maintenance needs, and residents are encouraged to use a mini transit system and
join the community's car share program.
The first two stages of development at Dockside Green were completed in 2011, and
additional plans to increase sustainability are in the works. Similar green communities are now
found all over the world, especially smaller ones known as ecovillages or "intentional
communities". Most have 50 to 150 residents, all of whom are trying to reduce their carbon
footprints and create a model for sustainable living in the future.
30
Word Meaning
bamboo a woody plant that grows quickly without pesticides and has many uses
biomass organic material or waste that can be used to make fuel
buzz word a word that's popular at a certain time, especially in the media
carbon-dioxide a greenhouse gas that's released when fossil fuels are burned
carbon footprint a measurement of the total amount of carbon a person adds to the
atmosphere by travelling by air, driving a car, using fossil fuel-generated
power, etc.
car share program a program that allows members to share one or more cars instead of
buying their own car
durable . strong, long-lasting
eco- prefix related to the protection of the natural environment and ecosystems
eco-community or ecovillage a community with environmentally-friendly buildings, technology, and
energy sources like solar, wind, biomass, etc.
energy-efficient able to use less energy (esp. of vehicles, appliances, buildings, etc.)
global warming increasing temperatures and the rising sea levels, melting ice caps, coral
reef bleaching, unstable weather, etc. this is causing
green 1. concerned with protecting the natural environment and the planet
2. having the colour of grass
green initiative an effort to protect the natural environment
in the works being developed now
non-toxic not harmful to people or the environment, esp. of chemicals, waste
products, etc.
pesticide a chemical used to prevent insects from destroying crops
self-sufficient able to function, or produce all that's needed, without outside help
unprecedented never done or achieved before
utility meter a device that records how much water, electricity or gas is being used in a
house, apartment or building
ventilation the replacement of unclean air or smoke with clean air
zero-emission releasing no waste products, esp. carbon-dioxide (or "carbon")
BRAIN TRAIN : GOING GREEN

Use the diagram below to brainstorm on ways to practice green lifestyle. Use the framework to discuss with your friends.
Green Lifestyle
31
READING EXERCISE: ENDANGERED SPECIES
In spring 2008, the polar bear was placed on the endangered species list. According to the
USA's Endangered Species Act, an endangered species is an animal, plant or any other kind of
wildlife that is likely to face extinction in its natural habitat. Polar bears had already been
categorized as a "threatened" species which the ESA defines as one that is likely to become
"endangered" in the foreseeable future.
The polar bear is the first animal that has been classified as endangered due primarily
to global warming. Global warming is a form of climate change caused by increased levels of carbon
dioxide and other greenhouse gases that become trapped in the atmosphere. Oil and gas heaters,
engines using oil or petrol (or gasoline) and coal-powered electricity plants all require fossil
fuels that lead to global warming. Renewable energy sources or renewables that don't cause global
warming include solar, wind and hydro-electricity power. These alternative forms of power, as well
as the science of climate change, have been strongly attacked by many of the world's biggest
companies in order to protect the huge profits they make from fossil fuels. They do this even though
they're fully aware of how much fossil fuels are damaging our planet and endangering many of the
species we share it with.
The polar bear's habitat is more vulnerable to global warming than many other species. Polar
bears live mainly on the sea ice in the Arctic. This is where they hunt for fish and build up fat
reserves. When the ice melts many polar bears move to land and live off their stored fat. In the
Arctic, global warming is causing the ice to melt slightly earlier and form slightly later. This results
in a shorter feeding season for the polar bear. Some risk their lives to find ice. If they have to swim
too far they will drown from exhaustion and hunger. The World Wildlife Fund estimates that over
25% of Arctic sea ice has disappeared in the past 30 years.
It is not only the polar bear that is at risk in the Arctic. Every species of plant, animal, and
insect there is threatened by global warming. Nevertheless, groups of concerned scientists
and environmentalists such as the World Wildlife Fund often study large carnivores in order to
assess the health of an ecosystem. The Arctic food chain relies on the polar bear. In addition,
donations are more commonly offered for the protection of large animals such as bears or
elephants. People in general are less interested in conservation efforts that protect small wildlife,
such as plants or insects. However, by using donor money to protect the habitats of larger animals
through reforestation and similar programs, entire ecosystems with many threatened or
endangered species can be saved.
It is important that animals such as the polar bear make it onto the endangered species list.
Once they are on the list there are laws that protect these animals from being hunted for food or
sport. Agencies also receive money and tools to protect the habitat and recover the species. The
goal of removing the animal from the list is often achievable. Since the Endangered Species Act was
introduced in the US in 1973, many species have been taken off the list due to increased
populations. In fact, it is rare for a species to go extinct after they make the list. Sadly, many species
do go extinct while waiting for consideration.
32
Word Meaning
conservation effort measures to protect and restore the natural world
ecosystem the complex system of relationships between living things and
their environment
endangered species animals or plants in danger of becoming extinct in the near
future
environmentalist a person who cares about the natural world and makes efforts
to protect it or raise awareness of environmental problems
extinction the loss of a species of animal, bird, plant, etc for all time
food chain a group of organisms in which each feeds off the one below it
in the chain
fossil fuel a fuel formed from the fossils of plants or animals that died
millions of years ago. These fuels include oil and coal, the
burning of which is a major cause of global warming.
global warming (also climate the gradual increase of air and sea temperatures caused by
change) rising greenhouse gas levels
greenhouse gas a gas in the atmosphere that prevents heat from escaping into
space
habitat the area where a species naturally lives, eats, and reproduces
recover to help a certain species repopulate an area
reforestation the planting of new trees in a place where a forest has been
badly damaged or destroyed
renewables forms of energy that can be replaced naturally, such as hydro-
electricity, solar energy and wind power
risk engage in a dangerous act
vulnerable likely to face injury or danger
wildlife plants and animals living in a natural environment
BRAIN TRAIN : BATTLING EXTINCTION

Use the diagram below to brainstorm on ways to reduce risk of animal extinction. Use the framework to discuss with your
friends.
How To Battle
Extinction
33
READING EXERCISE: POLLUTION
Scan the QR code, and complete the online exercise by looking at text
Pollution is an environmental concern for people throughout the world. One university
study suggests that pollutants in the water, air, and soil cause up to 40% of the premature deaths
in the world's population. The majority of these deaths occur in developing countries.
Water in many developing countries is contaminated with toxic chemicals, also known as
toxins. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 1.1 billion people have little or no
access to clean water. In many of these regions the water that is used for drinking, cooking, and
washing is the same water that is used for dumping sewage and hazardous waste. Most developing
countries cannot afford water treatment facilities. Approximately 80% of infectious diseases in the
world are caused by contaminated water.
Air pollution is a growing problem throughout the world. Indoor air pollution is one of the
leading causes of lung cancer. Families in developing countries use open stoves for cooking and
heating their homes. These homes do not have proper ventilation. The smoke, which is full of
chemicals and carcinogens, gets trapped inside where families eat and sleep. Outdoor pollution also
causes disease and illness, especially in industrial cities such as Beijing, China, where cancer is the
leading cause of death. China relies heavily on coal, which is considered the dirtiest source of
energy. According to the European Union, only 1% of urban dwellers in China breathe clean air on
an average day. Neighbouring countries including Japan and Korea receive much of China's
pollution in the form of acid rain. This pollution results mainly from the coal powered factories,
which produce inexpensive goods for North American and European consumers. Outdoor air
pollution is also a concern in many wealthy countries. Those who live and work in urban centres
such as Los Angeles or Toronto experience many warm days beneath a layer of smog.
Soil pollution is also a major concern, both in industrial and developing countries. Pollutants
such as metals and pesticides seep into the earth's soil and contaminate the food supply. Soil
pollution causes major health risks to entire ecosystems. This type of pollution reduces the amount
of land suitable for agricultural production and contributes to global food shortages. Dumping of
industrial and domestic waste products produces much of the world's soil pollution, though natural
disasters can also add to the problem. In wealthy countries such as the US, protection agencies
monitor the food supply. The public is generally warned before major disease outbreaks occur.
Developing countries do not have this luxury. Farmers in poor nations grow food in contaminated
soil both to earn a living and to avoid starvation.
As more people move to urban centres, premature deaths caused by pollution are expected
to increase worldwide. Today, the developed nations who achieved their wealth at the expense of
the environment will be held accountable for protecting the earth's resources for future
generations.

34
Word Meaning
acid rain rain that contains harmful chemicals that collect in the atmosphere when
fossil fuels are burned
carcinogen a substance that has been linked to causing one or more types of cancer
contaminated has come in contact with organisms or substances that cause disease
developing country a nation that is working towards becoming more economically and socially
advanced
domestic waste garbage that is produced by people in a household
dumping placing waste in an area that is not appropriate ( eg. dumping chemicals in
oceans)
hazardous waste a form of garbage that is harmful to health of plants, animals or humans and
requires careful disposal (eg. batteries or paint)
industrial related to industry and the production of fuel, power and materials used to
manufacture goods, esp. in factories
pesticides chemicals that are sprayed on crops to prevent insects from destroying them
pollutant a substance or material that damages the natural environment
pollution the contamination of the environment, esp. by industrial waste products and
chemicals like pesticides
premature happening before the expected or normal time
priority something that's of most concern or the greatest importance
sewage human waste from toilets
smog air pollution caused by a reaction between chemicals in the atmosphere and
sunlight
toxic chemicals poisonous substances that can cause disease
(toxins)
ventilation the replacement of unclean air with fresh air
BRAIN TRAIN : BATTLING EXTINCTION

Use the diagram below to brainstorm on causes of pollution in Malaysia. Use the framework to discuss with your friends.
Causes of Pollution
in Malaysia
35
SPM FOCUS : 3R MALAYSIA

You received an email from your clubmate Isaac asking about the monthly Green Club meeting.
Hi Elise!
How’s your weekend? I’m having trouble preparing for our meeting next Wednesday. I’m supposed to
give a speech on what students can do to support the reuse, reduce, and recycle campaign at school.
Would you mind helping me out with it?
WRITE & IMPROVE
WORKBOOK CODE
Hope to hear from you soon. Take care. BECDEH3R
Isaac.
Now write an email in about 80 words to respond to Isaac. Write your answer below, or scan the Write & Improve
QR code and type your answer in the workbook by keying in the code.
e-mail
Recipient :
Subject :
CHECKLIST
Recipient & Subject
Salutation & Greetings
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Closing
Signoff
36
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
✓ ✓
% %
QR Code 17 Cambridge - Listening (Product) QR Code 19 Britannica – Video Games
✓ ✓
%
QR Code 18 Cambridge - Reading (Forensic Lingustic) QR Code 20 Altexsoft - Data in The 21st Century
BRAIN TRAIN : SOCIAL MEDIA

Use the diagram below to brainstorm on the disadvantages of social media that a student should avoid. Use the framework to
discuss with your friends.
Disadvantages
of Social Media
37
COMPUTER VOCABULARY
anti-virus software - a program that finds and file - a specific computer record. It could
removes viruses from a computer contain data such as text (e.g. essay.doc), or
app - a self-contained program or piece of a program such as paint.exe.
software; an application, especially when folder (directory) - a sub-division of a
downloadable to a mobile device computer's hard disk into which you put files
application - a self-contained program or piece font - a particular sort of lettering (on the screen
of software or on paper). Arial is a font. Times New Roman is
backup - a copy of files from a computer's hard another.
disk, usually made on some external medium such format - All hard disks and floppy disks have to
as CD-ROM or flash drive. A backup is made in be electronically prepared for use by a process
case the hard disk file(s) are erased or damaged. called formatting. Hard disks are pre-formatted by
bit, bytes - a bit is the smallest piece of the computer manufacturer. If you buy a floppy
information that computers use. For simplicity, a disk that is not pre-formatted, you format it
PC uses bits in groups of 8 called bytes (8 bits = 1 yourself, using a program that comes with your
byte). PC.
Bluetooth - a way of communicating wirelessly graphics card - the equipment inside a computer
over short distances between electronic devices that creates the image on the screen
(for example computer and mobile telephone) hard disk - the main disk inside a computer used
boot, boot up, boot disk - You boot (or boot up) for storing programs and information. It is hard
your computer when you switch it on and wait because it is metal. See floppy disk.
while it prepares itself. Instructions for startup are hotspot - an area that has an available wireless
given to the computer from the boot disk, which is signal for Internet access (usually public)
usually the hard disk. icon - a small image or picture on a computer
browser, to browse - A browser is a program like screen that is a symbol for folders,
Firefox or Internet Explorer. You use it to view or disks, peripherals, programs etc
browse the Internet. Internet - International network of computers
bug - a (small) defect or fault in a program that you connect to by telephone line. Two
cache - a kind of memory used to make a popular services of the Internet are the World
computer work faster Wide Web and electronic mail.
CD-ROM - a disk for storing computer iPad - a tablet computer created by Apple.
information. It looks like an audio CD. Kb, Mb, Gb - kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes.
CPU - Central Processing Unit. This is a PC's heart Used to measure computer memory and storage.
or "brains". Kindle - a device for downloading and
data - Usually means the information (text, reading ebooks, developed by Amazon.com.
pictures, audio etc) that you create or share on a memory - Memory is for the temporary storing of
computer, as opposed to the programs that information while a computer is being
manipulate the data. used. See RAM, ROM and cache.
driver - a small program that tells a PC how modem - equipment connected to a computer for
a peripheral works sending/receiving digital information by
ebook - an electronic book that can be telephone line. You may need a modem to connect
downloaded and read on a computer or other to the Internet, to send electronic mail and to fax.
device notebook - a notebook computer; a laptop
electronic mail (email, e-mail) - messages sent computer; a folding, portable computer.
from one computer to another. You can see email operating system (OS) - the basic software that
on the screen or print it out. manages a computer (for example, Windows 10,
OS X, Unix, iOS).
38
OCR - Optical Character Recognition. OCR lets a scanner - equipment for converting paper
PC read a fax or scanned image and convert it to documents to electronic documents that can be
actual lettering. used by a computer
parallel port - a socket at the back of a computer serial port - socket at the back of a PC for
for connecting external equipment or peripherals, connecting peripherals (obsolescent)
especially printers smartphone - a mobile phone that includes
PC card - a device that is the same size as a thick a palmtop computer or PDA and also gives access
credit card, for plugging into a slot on notebook to Internet and email
computers. You can tablet - a tablet computer; a mobile computer
buy memory, modems and hard disks as PC cards. consisting of a screen only, and controlled by
peripheral - any equipment that is connected touching the screen
externally to a computer. For example, USB - abbreviation of "universal serial bus"; a
printers, scanners and modems are peripherals. standardized auxil for attaching devices to
pixel - the image that you see on the screen is computers etc
made of thousands of tiny dots, points or pixels USB flash drive - a small, external device for
program software that operates a PC and does storing data; it connects through the USB socket.
various things, such as writing text (word- virus - a small, unauthorized program that can
processing program), keeping accounts (accounts damage a computer
program) and drawing pictures (graphics program) Wi-Fi - a system for communicating without
QWERTY - The first 6 letters on English-language wires over a computer network
keyboards are Q-W-E-R-T-Y. The first 6 letters on Windows - an operating system used by the
French-language keyboards are A-Z-E-R-T-Y. majority of PCs
RAM, ROM - two types of memory. RAM World Wide Web, WWW, the Web - WWW are
(Random Access Memory) is the main memory initials that stand for World Wide Web. The Web
used while the PC is working. RAM is temporary. is one of the services available on the Internet. It
ROM (Read Only Memory) is for information lets you access millions of pages through a system
needed by the PC and cannot be changed. of links. Because it is "world-wide", it was
resolution - the number of dots or pixels per inch originally called the World Wide Web or WWW.
(sometimes per centimetre) used to create the WYSIWIG - "What You See Is What You Get."
screen image With a WYSIWIG program, if you print a
document it looks the same on paper as it looks on
the screen
REVIEWING A COMPUTER
Complete the table below to be used as materials in a computer review. You may search the web for help.
Make & Model :

Colour :
Type :
Size & Weight :
Processor & ROM :
Storage & RAM :
Operating System :
Extras :
Impression :
Recommendation :
39
SPM FOCUS : FACILITIES IN SCHOOL COMPUTER LAB
Scan the QR code, and complete the exercise below based on the
newspaper article. Tick the box once you are done. %
As the Secretary of ICT Club of your school, your teacher-advisor has asked you to write a report on the poor
condition of the computer laboratory after receiving complaints from fellow students.
Your report should include the following details:
• the aim of the report WRITE & IMPROVE

• the facilities that are in poor condition WORKBOOK CODE
• recommendation on what to do to improve the condition BECDEH3R
Write your report.
Checklist
To
Top
From
Subject
Introduction (Aim)
Heading
Facilities
Recommendation
Conclusion
40
SPM FOCUS : GADGET REVIEW
Scan the QR code, and complete the exercise below based on a gadget
you choose from the website. Tick the box once you are done. %
You are interested in a gadget review competition you saw in a flyer.
Calling Aspiring Tech Experts! WRITE & IMPROVE

Submit your review on any gadgets like from the website and stand a chance to be featured! WORKBOOK CODE
BECDEH3R
Describe the gadget by including the technical specifications of the gadget. Tell us your opinion
of the gadget, and why you recommend it.
The best review will win a prize and be featured in our website.
Write your gadget review.
Checklist
Title
Introduction
Specifications
Likes/Dislikes
General Opinion
Recommendation
Conclusion
41
CONSUMERISM & FINANCIAL AWARENESS
✓ ✓
% %
QR Code 21 Cambridge - Listening (Bank Account) QR Code 23 Cambridge - Reading (Retail Therapy)
✓ ✓
% %
QR Code 22 Cambridge - Reading (Money Matters) QR Code 24 Cambridge - Reading (Department Store)
BRAIN TRAIN : MONEY & FINANCE

Use the diagram below to brainstorm on bad financial habits as a student. Use the framework to discuss with your friends.
Bad Financial
Habit
42
SPM FOCUS : NEEDS VS. WANTS
You received an email from your cousin Delilah asking some advice about financial management.
Hello Simon!
I hope you’re doing fine as always. I’m in a financial rut, and I need your words of wisdom on managing
my money. How can I not overspend my pocket money? Can you tell me how to save more when
shopping? Are there any extra tips?
WRITE & IMPROVE
WORKBOOK CODE
I can’t wait for your reply. Thanks, and take care!
BECDEH3R
Your cousin,
Delilah.
Now write an email in about 80 words to respond to Delilah. Write your answer below, or scan the Write & Improve
QR code and type your answer in the workbook by keying in the code.
e-mail
Recipient :
Subject :
CHECKLIST
Recipient & Subject
Salutation & Greetings
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Closing
Signoff
43
SPM FOCUS : PERKS OF SAVING MONEY
Scan the QR code, and complete the exercise below by referring to the e-
book. Tick the box once you are done. %
Write your answer in 125 – 150 words in an appropriate style, or scan the Write & Improve QR code and type your
answer in the workbook by keying in the code.
You have been talking to your classmates about financial awareness. Your teacher asked you to write an essay on
the advantages of saving money.
In your essay, you should write about:
• how to save money. WRITE & IMPROVE

• the advantages of saving money. WORKBOOK CODE
• why it is important for youths to have savings. BECDEH3R
Write your essay using all the notes, and give reasons for your opinion.
Checklist
Introduction
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Conclusion
44
SPM FOCUS : ADOLESCENTS MAKING MONEY
Scan the QR code, and complete the exercise below based on the online
article. Tick the box once you are done. %
You saw an advertisement about writing an article for your school newsletter.
Submit Your Articles!

Small Businesses For Adolescents WRITE & IMPROVE
WORKBOOK CODE
BECDEH3R
• What kind of business can teenagers venture into?
• What do they need to start the business?
• Do you think anyone can succeed at doing business?
Write us an article answering these questions. The best article will be included in the
monthly School Newsletter.
Write your article.
Checklist
Title
Written by :
Introduction
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Conclusion
45
ARTICLES & DETERMINERS
✓ ✓
% %
QR Code 25 British Council - Definite Articles QR Code 26 British Council - Indefinite Articles
46
✓ ✓
% %
QR Code 27 British Council - Quantifiers QR Code 28 Video - Articles "A", "An", and "The".
47
NOUNS : REGULAR & IRREGULAR FORMS
%
QR Code 29 Cambridge - Plurals Formation
48
VERBS
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
Another way is to Remember

the Superman Rule!
There can only be one in a

simple sentence.
How do we decide?
Superman only comes to help

put the at the verb if the
subject is singular.
If you are in a group (plural),

you can take care of yourselves.
No for the verb!
49
Modal Action
Do Be Have Ability Permission Advice Obligation Possibility Transitive Intransitive
Am Eat Jump
Might
Do Is Has Can Read Stand
Can Should Must May
Does Are Have Could Kiss Sneeze
Could Ought to Have to Could
Did Was Had May Buy Fly
Can
Were Take Smile
Past Present
I Was Am
Did Had Do Have
You Were Are
He
She Did Was Had Does Is Has
It
They
Did Were Had Do Are Have
We
VERBS – VARIOUS PRACTICES
✓ ✓
% %
QR Code 30 British Council - Question Form QR Code 32 Cambridge - Holiday In Spain
✓ ✓
% %
QR Code 31 Cambridge – Coffee QR Code 33 UsingEnglish - Auxiliary Verbs
50
VERBS : REGULAR & IRREGULAR FORMS
Base form Past tense Past participle Base form Past tense Past participle
arise arose arisen cut cut cut

awakened / awakened /
awake deal dealt dealt
awoke awoken
be was/were been dig dug dug
bear bore born / borne dive dove / dived dived
beat beat beaten / beat do did done
become became become draw drew drawn

dreamed / dreamed /
begin began begun dream
dreamt dreamt
bend bent bent drink drank drunk
bind bound bound drive drove driven
bite bit bitten dwell dwelt / dwelled dwelt / dwelled
bleed bled bled eat ate eaten
blow blew blown fall fell fallen
break broke broken feed fed fed
breed bred bred feel felt felt
bring brought brought fight fought fought
build built built find found found
burn burned / burnt burned / burnt flee fled fled
burst burst burst fling flung flung
buy bought bought fly flew flown
cast cast cast forbid forbade forbidden
catch caught caught forecast forecast forecast
choose chose chosen forego forewent foregone
cling clung clung foresee foresaw foreseen
come came come foretell foretold foretold
cost cost cost forget forgot forgotten
creep crept crept forgive forgave forgiven

51
forsake forsook forsaken lay laid laid
freeze froze frozen lead led led
get got got lean leaned / leant leaned / leant
give gave given leap leaped / leapt leaped / leapt
go went gone learn learned / learnt learned / learnt
grind ground ground leave left left
grow grew grown lend lent lent
handwrite handwrote handwritten let let let
hang hung hung lie lay lain
have had had lie (on floor) lay lain
hear heard heard lie (cheat) lied lied
hew hewed hewn / hewed light lit / lighted lit / lighted
hide hid hidden lose lost lost
hit hit hit make made made
hold held held mean meant meant
hurt hurt hurt meet met met
inbreed inbred inbred mow mowed mowed / mown
inlay inlaid inlaid partake partook partaken
input input / inputted input / inputted pay paid paid
interbreed interbred interbred plead pleaded / pled pleaded / pled

interwove / interwoven /
interweave proofread proofread proofread
interweaved interweaved
interwind interwound interwound prove proved proven / proved
keep kept kept put put put
kneel knelt / kneeled knelt / kneeled quit quit quit

read read
knit knitted / knit knitted / knit read (pronounced (pronounced
red) red)
know knew known rid rid rid
52
ride rode ridden slide slid slid
ring rang rung sling slung slung
rise rose risen slink slinked / slunk slinked / slunk
run ran run slit slit slit
saw sawed sawed / sawn smell smelled / smelt smelled / smelt
say said said sneak sneaked / snuck sneaked / snuck
see saw seen sow sowed sown / sowed
seek sought sought speak spoke spoken
sell sold sold speed sped sped
send sent sent spell spelled / spelt spelled / spelt
set set set spend spent spent
sew sewed sewn / sewed spill spilled / spilt spilled / spilt
shake shook shaken spin spun spun
shave shaved shaved / shaven spit spat spat
shear sheared sheared / shorn split split split
shed shed shed spoil spoiled / spoilt spoiled / spoilt
shine shined / shone shined / shone spread spread spread
shoot shot shot spring sprang / sprung sprung
show showed shown / showed stand stood stood
shrink shrank / shrunk shrunk steal stole stolen
shut shut shut stick stuck stuck
sight-read sight-read sight-read sting stung stung
sing sang sung stink stunk / stank stunk
sink sank / sunk sunk strew strewed strewn
sit sat sat stride strode stridden
sleep slept slept strike struck struck / stricken

53
strive strove / strived striven / strived understand understood understood

sunburned / sunburned /
sunburn upset upset upset
sunburnt sunburnt
swear swore sworn wake woke / waked woken / waked
sweat /
sweat sweat / sweated waylay waylaid waylaid
sweated
sweep swept swept wear wore worn
swollen /
swell swelled weave wove woven
swelled
swim swam swum wed wed wed
swing swung swung weep wept wept
take took taken wet wet wet
teach taught taught win won won
tear tore torn wind wound wound
tell told told withdraw withdrew withdrawn
think thought thought withhold withheld withheld
throw threw thrown withstand withstood withstood
thrust thrust thrust wring wrung wrung
tread trod trodden / trod write wrote written
BRAIN TRAIN : BLACK BOY BY RICHARD WRIGHT

Complete the following opening passage from the book Black Boy by using the correct form of
verb in past tense.
One evening my mother [tell] ________ me that thereafter I would have to do the shopping for food. She
[take] ________ me to the corner store to show me the way. I was proud; I [feel] ________ like a grownup.
The next afternoon I looped the basket over my arm and [go] ________ down the pavement toward the
store. When I [reach] ________ the corner, a gang of boys [grab] ________ me, [knock] ________ me down,
[snatch] ________ the basket, [take] ________ the money, and [send] ________ me running home in panic.
That evening I [tell] ________ my mother what had happened, but she [make] ________ no comment; she
[sit] ________ down at once, [write] ________ another note, [give] ________ me more money, and [send]
________ me out to the grocery again. I crept down the steps and [see] ________ the same gang of boys
playing down the street. I [run] ________ back into the house.
54
ONLINE PRACTICES : IRREGULAR VERBS USAGE
✓ ✓
% %
QR Code 34 Cambridge - Irregular Verbs (Simple Past) QR Code 39 EnglishClub Irregular Verb 5
✓ ✓
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QR Code 35 EnglishClub Irregular Verb 1 QR Code 40 EnglishClub Irregular Verb 6
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✓ ✓
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QR Code 38 EnglishClub Irregular Verb 4
55
VERBS : MODAL VERBS
QR Code 43 Video - Modal Verbs

56
VERBS : PHRASAL VERBS
add up to something break something in

equal wear something a few times so that it doesn't
Your purchases add up to $205.32. look/feel new
I need to break these shoes in before we run next
back something up week.
reverse
You'll have to back up your car so that I can get break in
out. interrupt
The TV station broke in to report the news of the
back somebody up president's death.
support
My wife backed me up over my decision to quit break up
my job. end a relationship
My boyfriend and I broke up before I moved to
blow up America.
explode
The racing car blew up after it crashed into the break up
fence. start laughing (informal)
The kids just broke up as soon as the clown
blow something up started talking.
add air
We have to blow 50 balloons up for the party. break out
escape
break down The prisoners broke out of jail when the guards
stop functioning (vehicle, machine) weren't looking.
Our car broke down at the side of the highway in
the snowstorm. break out in something
develop a skin condition
break down I broke out in a rash after our camping trip.
get upset
The woman broke down when the police told her bring somebody down
that her son had died. make unhappy
This sad music is bringing me down.
break something down
divide into smaller parts bring somebody up
Our teacher broke the final project down into raise a child
three separate parts. My grandparents brought me up after my
parents died.
break in
force entry to a building bring something up
Somebody broke in last night and stole our start talking about a subject
stereo. My mother walks out of the room when my
father brings up sports.
break into something
enter forcibly bring something up
The firemen had to break into the room to vomit
rescue the children. He drank so much that he brought his
dinner up in the toilet.
57
call around check somebody/ something out
phone many different places/people look at carefully, investigate
We called around but we weren't able to find the The company checks out all new employees.
car part we needed.
check out somebody/ something
call somebody back look at (informal)
return a phone call Check out the crazy hair on that guy!
I called the company back but the offices were
closed for the weekend. cheer up
become happier
call something off She cheered up when she heard the good news.
cancel
Jason called the wedding off because he wasn't cheer somebody up
in love with his fiancé. make happier
I brought you some flowers to cheer you up.
call on somebody
ask for an answer or opinion chip in
The professor called on me for question 1. help
If everyone chips in we can get the kitchen
call on somebody painted by noon.
visit somebody
We called on you last night but you weren't clean something up
home. tidy, clean
Please clean up your bedroom before you go
call somebody up outside.
phone
Give me your phone number and I come across something
will call you up when we are in town. find unexpectedly
I came across these old photos when I was
calm down tidying the closet.
relax after being angry
You are still mad. You need to calm down before come apart
you drive the car. separate
not care for somebody/ something The top and bottom come apart if you pull hard
not like (formal) enough.
I don't care for his behaviour.
come down with something
catch up become sick
get to the same point as somebody else My nephew came down with chicken pox this
You'll have to run faster than that if you want weekend.
to catch up with Marty.
come forward
check in volunteer for a task or to give evidence
arrive and register at a hotel or airport The woman came forward with her husband's
We will get the hotel keys when we check in. finger prints.
check out come from some place

leave a hotel originate in
You have to check out of the hotel before 11:00 The art of origami comes from Asia.
AM.
58
count on somebody/ something do somebody/ something over
rely on beat up, ransack (BrE, informal)
I am counting on you to make dinner while I am He's lucky to be alive. His shop was done over by
out. a street gang.
cross something out do something over

draw a line through do again (AmE)
Please cross out your old address and write your My teacher wants me to do my
new one. essay over because she doesn't like my topic.
cut back on something do away with something

consume less discard
My doctor wants me to cut back on sweets and It's time to do away with all of these old tax
fatty foods. records.
cut something down do something up

make something fall to the ground fasten, close
We had to cut the old tree in our yard down after Do your coat up before you go outside. It's
the storm. snowing!
cut in dress up
interrupt wear nice clothing
Your father cut in while I was dancing with your It's a fancy restaurant so we have to dress up.
uncle.
drop back
cut in move back in a position/group
pull in too closely in front of another vehicle Andrea dropped back to third place when she
The bus driver got angry when that car cut in. fell off her bike.
cut in drop in/ by/ over

start operating (of an engine or electrical device) come without an appointment
The air conditioner cuts in when the temperature I might drop in/by/over for tea sometime this
gets to 22°C. week.
cut something off drop somebody/ something off

remove with something sharp take somebody/ something somewhere and leave
The doctors cut off his leg because it was them/it there
severely injured. I have to drop my sister off at work before I come
over.
cut something off
stop providing drop out
The phone company cut off our phone because quit a class, school etc
we didn't pay the bill. I dropped out of Science because it was too
difficult.
cut somebody off
take out of a will eat out
My grandparents cut my father off when he eat at a restaurant
remarried. I don't feel like cooking tonight. Let's eat out.
cut something out end up

remove part of something (usually with scissors eventually reach/do/decide
and paper) We ended up renting a movie instead of going to
I cut this ad out of the newspaper. the theatre.
59
fall apart get along/on
break into pieces like each other
My new dress fell apart in the washing machine. I was surprised how well my new girlfriend and
my sister got along/on.
fall down
fall to the ground get around
The picture that you hung up last night fell have mobility
down this morning. My grandfather can get around fine in his new
wheelchair.
fall out
separate from an interior get away
The money must have fallen out of my pocket. go on a vacation
We worked so hard this year that we had to get
fall out away for a week.
(of hair, teeth) become loose and unattached
His hair started to fall out when he was only 35. get away with something
do without being noticed or punished
figure something out Jason always gets away with cheating in his
understand, find the answer maths tests.
I need to figure out how to fit the piano and the
bookshelf in this room. get back
return
fill something in We got back from our vacation last week.
to write information in blanks, as on a form (BrE)
Please fill in the form with your name, address,
and phone number. get something back
receive something you had before
fill something out Liz finally got her Science notes back from my
to write information in blanks, as on a form roommate.
(AmE)
The form must be filled out in capital letters. get back at somebody
retaliate, take revenge
fill something up My sister got back at me for stealing her shoes.
fill to the top She stole my favourite hat.
I always fill the water jug up when it is empty.
get back into something
find out become interested in something again
discover I finally got back into my novel and finished it.
We don't know where he lives. How can we find
out? get on something
step onto a vehicle
find something out We're going to freeze out here if you don't let
discover us get on the bus.
We tried to keep the time of the party a secret,
but Samantha found it out. get over something
recover from an illness, loss, difficulty
get something across/ over I just got over the flu and now my sister has it.
communicate, make understandable
I tried to get my point across/over to the judge get over something
but she wouldn't listen. overcome a problem
The company will have to close if it can't get
over the new regulations.
60
get round to something give something up
finally find time to do (AmE: get around quit a habit
to something) I am giving up smoking as of January 1st.
I don't know when I am going to get round
to writing the thank you cards. give up
stop trying
get together My maths homework was too difficult so I gave
meet (usually for social reasons) up.
Let's get together for a BBQ this weekend.
go after somebody
get up follow somebody
get out of bed My brother tried to go after the thief in his car.
I got up early today to study for my exam.
go after something
get up try to achieve something
stand I went after my dream and now I am a published
You should get up and give the elderly man your writer.
seat.
go against somebody
give somebody away compete, oppose
reveal hidden information about somebody We are going against the best soccer team in the
His wife gave him away to the police. city tonight.
give somebody away go ahead

take the bride to the altar start, proceed
My father gave me away at my wedding. Please go ahead and eat before the food gets
cold.
give something away
ruin a secret go back
My little sister gave the surprise party away by return to a place
accident. I have to go back home and get my lunch.
give something away go out

give something to somebody for free leave home to go on a social event
The library was giving away old books on Friday. We're going out for dinner tonight.
give something back go out with somebody

return a borrowed item date
I have to give these skates back to Franz before Jesse has been going out with Luke since they
his hockey game. met last winter.
give in go over something

reluctantly stop fighting or arguing review
My boyfriend didn't want to go to the ballet, but Please go over your answers before you submit
he finally gave in. your test.
give something out go over

give to many people (usually at no cost) visit somebody nearby
They were giving out free perfume samples at I haven't seen Tina for a long time. I think I'll go
the department store. over for an hour or two.
61
go without something hang on
suffer lack or deprivation wait a short time (informal)
When I was young, we went without winter Hang on while I grab my coat and shoes!
boots.
hang out
grow apart spend time relaxing (informal)
stop being friends over time Instead of going to the party we are just going
My best friend and I grew apart after she to hang out at my place.
changed schools.
hang up
grow back end a phone call
regrow He didn't say goodbye before he hung up.
My roses grew back this summer.
hold somebody/ something back
grow into something prevent from doing/going
grow big enough to fit I had to hold my dog back because there was a
This bike is too big for him now, but he cat in the park.
should grow into it by next year.
hold something back
grow out of something hide an emotion
get too big for Jamie held back his tears at his grandfather's
Elizabeth needs a new pair of shoes because she funeral.
has grown out of her old ones.
hold on
grow up wait a short time
become an adult Please hold on while I transfer you to the Sales
When Jack grows up he wants to be a fireman. Department.
hand something down hold onto somebody/ something

give something used to somebody else hold firmly using your hands or arms
I handed my old comic books down to my little Hold onto your hat because it's very windy
cousin. outside.
hand something in hold somebody/ something up

submit rob
I have to hand in my essay by Friday. A man in a black mask held the bank up this
morning.
hand something out
to distribute to a group of people keep on doing something
We will hand out the invitations at the door. continue doing
Keep on stirring until the liquid comes to a boil.
hand something over
give (usually unwillingly) keep something from somebody
The police asked the man to hand over his wallet not tell
and his weapons. We kept our relationship from our parents for
two years.
hang in
stay positive (informal) keep somebody/ something out
Hang in there. I'm sure you'll find a job very stop from entering
soon. Try to keep the wet dog out of the living room.
62
keep something up look out for somebody/ something
continue at the same rate be especially vigilant for
If you keep those results up you will get into a Don't forget to look out for snakes on the hiking
great college. trail.
let somebody down look something over

fail to support or help, disappoint check, examine
I need you to be on time. Don't let me down this Can you look over my essay for spelling
time. mistakes?
let somebody in look something up

allow to enter search and find information in a reference book
Can you let the cat in before you go to school? or database
We can look her phone number up on the
log in (or on) Internet.
sign in (to a website, database etc)
I can't log in to Facebook because I've forgotten look up to somebody
my password. have a lot of respect for
My little sister has always looked up to me.
log out (or off)
sign out (of a website, database etc) make something up
If you don't log off somebody could get into your invent, lie about something
account. Josie made up a story about why we were late.
look after somebody/ something make up

take care of forgive each other
I have to look after my sick grandmother. We were angry last night, but we made up at
breakfast.
look down on somebody
think less of, consider inferior make somebody up
Ever since we stole that chocolate bar your dad apply cosmetics to
has looked down on me. My sisters made me up for my graduation party.
look for somebody/ something mix something up

try to find confuse two or more things
I'm looking for a red dress for the wedding. I mixed up the twins' names again!
look forward to something pass away

be excited about the future die
I'm looking forward to the Christmas break. His uncle passed away last night after a long
illness.
look into something
investigate pass out
We are going to look into the price of faint
snowboards today. It was so hot in the church that an elderly
lady passed out.
look out
be careful, vigilant, and take notice pass something out
Look out! That car's going to hit you! give the same thing to many people
The professor passed the textbooks out before
class.
63
pass something up put something on
decline (usually something good) put clothing/ accessories on your body
I passed up the job because I am afraid of Don't forget to put on your new earrings for the
change. party.
pay somebody back run into somebody/ something

return owed money meet unexpectedly
Thanks for buying my ticket. I'll pay you back on I ran into an old school-friend at the mall.
Friday.
run over somebody/ something
pay for something drive a vehicle over a person or thing
be punished for doing something bad I accidentally ran over your bicycle in the
That bully will pay for being mean to my little driveway.
brother.
run over/ through something
pick something out rehearse, review
choose Let's run over/through these lines one more
I picked out three sweaters for you to try on. time before the show.
point somebody/ something out run away

indicate with your finger leave unexpectedly, escape
I'll point my boyfriend out when he runs by. The child ran away from home and has been
missing for three days.
put something down
put what you are holding on a surface or floor run out
You can put the groceries down on the kitchen have none left
counter. We ran out of shampoo so I had to wash my hair
with soap.
put somebody down
insult, make somebody feel stupid send something back
The students put the substitute return (usually by mail)
teacher down because his pants were too short. My letter got sent back to me because I used the
wrong stamp.
put something off
postpone set something up
We are putting off our trip until January because arrange, organize
of the hurricane. Our boss set a meeting up with the president of
the company.
put something out
extinguish set somebody up
The neighbours put the fire out before the trick, trap
firemen arrived. The police set up the car thief by using a hidden
camera.
put something together
assemble shop around
I have to put the crib together before the baby compare prices
arrives. I want to shop around a little before I decide on
these boots.
put up with somebody/ something
tolerate show off
I don't think I can put up with three small act extra special for people watching (usually
children in the car. boastfully)
He always shows off on his skateboard
64
sleep over take somebody out
stay somewhere for the night (informal) pay for somebody to go somewhere with you
You should sleep over tonight if the weather is My grandparents took us out for dinner and a
too bad to drive home. movie.
sort something out tear something up

organize, resolve a problem rip into pieces
We need to sort the bills out before the first of I tore up my ex-boyfriend's letters and gave
the month. them back to him.
stick to something think back

continue doing something, limit yourself to one remember (often + to, sometimes + on)
particular thing When I think back on my youth, I wish I had
You will lose weight if you stick to the diet. studied harder.
switch something off think something over

stop the energy flow, turn off consider
The light's too bright. Could you switch it off. I'll have to think this job offer over before I make
my final decision.
switch something on
start the energy flow, turn on throw something away
We heard the news as soon as we switched dispose of
on the car radio. We threw our old furniture away when we won
the lottery.
take after somebody
resemble a family member turn something down
I take after my mother. We are both impatient. decrease the volume or strength (heat, light etc)
Please turn the TV down while the guests are
take something apart here.
purposely break into pieces
He took the car brakes apart and found the turn something down
problem. refuse
I turned the job down because I don't want to
take something back move.
return an item
I have to take our new TV back because it turn something off
doesn't work. stop the energy flow, switch off
Your mother wants you to turn the TV off and
take off come for dinner.
start to fly
My plane takes off in five minutes. turn something on
start the energy, switch on
take something off It's too dark in here. Let's turn some lights on.
remove something (usually clothing)
Take off your socks and shoes and come in the turn something up
lake! increase the volume or strength (heat, light etc)
Can you turn the music up? This is my favourite
take something out song.
remove from a place or thing
Can you take the garbage out to the street for turn up
me? appear suddenly
Our cat turned up after we put posters up all
over the neighbourhood.
65
try something on warm up
sample clothing prepare body for exercise
I'm going to try these jeans on, but I don't think I always warm up by doing sit-ups before I go for
they will fit. a run.
try something out wear off

test fade away
I am going to try this new brand of detergent out. Most of my make-up wore off before I got to the
party.
use something up
finish the supply work out
The kids used all of the toothpaste up so we need exercise
to buy some more. I work out at the gym three times a week.
wake up work out

stop sleeping be successful
We have to wake up early for work on Monday. Our plan worked out fine.
warm somebody/ something up work something out

increase the temperature make a calculation
You can warm your feet up in front of the We have to work out the total cost before we buy
fireplace. the house.
BRAIN TRAIN : BLACK BOY BY RICHARD WRIGHT

Complete the following passage by using the correct form of phrasal verbs. Some of the phrasal
verbs can be found in the list given previously.
When I ____________ for work this morning, my car ____________, so I ____________ taking the bus. As soon
as I __________________, I _______________________ an old schoolmate, Mark. While we were talking,
he _______________________ something I had already _______________________ from some mutual friends- that he
had ___________________ some money and had _______________ his own business. He told me that there
was a lot to __________________, and offered to _______________________, but I _______________________ straight away.
When I _______________________, my boss _______________________ me, _______________________ in front of everyone. When

I __________________ the initial shock, I told her I’d _______________________ being late, but it _____________________ that
she had _________________ over a deal that had _______________________, after a client of mine
had _______________________ a contract. She told me that I wouldn’t _______________________ it, that
I’d _______________________, and just _______________________ and on….
Eventually, I _______________________ patience and _______________________ – I said I was not going

to _______________________ it anymore, and if she wanted to _______________________, she should _______________________.
Anyway, to cut a long story short, I _______________________, phoned Mark’s secretary,
who _______________________ to him. I told Mark I’d like to _______________________ on his offer. So, in the end,
everything has _______________________ perfectly!
66
PREPOSITIONS
PREPOSITIONS : TIME & PLACE

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WH QUESTIONS
74
IDIOMS
"THE BEST THINGS IN LIFE ARE FREE." "WHERE THERE'S A WILL THERE'S A WAY."
We don't have to pay for the things that are really If we have the determination to do something, we
valuable, like love, friendship and good health. can always find the path or method to do it.
"A STITCH IN TIME SAVES NINE." "IF YOU WISH GOOD ADVICE, CONSULT AN OLD
MAN."
Repair something as soon as it is damaged. That's
a small repair job. If not, you will have a much Old people have a lot of experience. If you want to
bigger and more expensive repair job later. Do it have good advice or recommendations, ask an old
now and you'll need one stitch. Do it later and person, not a young one.
you'll need 9 stitches! (Why nine and not eight or
ten? Because "nine" rhymes, approximately, with
"THE BEST ADVICE IS FOUND ON THE PILLOW."
"time".)
If we have a problem, we may find the answer after
a good night's sleep. People also often say: "I'll
"STILL WATERS RUN DEEP."
sleep on it."
Some rivers have rough surfaces with waves.
That's usually because the water is shallow and
"ALL CLOUDS BRING NOT RAIN."
there are rocks near the surface. But deep rivers
have no rocks near the surface and the water is We can rephrase this: "Not every cloud brings
smooth and still. "Still waters run deep" means rain." And that's true. Sometimes there are many
that people who are calm and tranquil on the clouds in the sky, but it doesn't rain. Sometimes
outside, often have a strong, "deep" personality. it's the same with problems, or what we think are
problems.
"DON'T CROSS YOUR BRIDGES BEFORE YOU COME

TO THEM." "YOU CAN'T JUDGE A BOOK BY ITS COVER."
Don't worry about problems before they arrive. We need to read a book to know if it's good or bad.
We cannot know what it's like just by looking at
the front or back cover. This proverb is applied to
"IT WAS THE LAST STRAW THAT BROKE THE
CAMEL'S BACK." everything, not only books.
There is a limit to everything. We can load the

camel with lots of straw, but finally it will be too "BAD NEWS TRAVELS FAST."
much and the camel's back will break. And it is
"Bad news" means news about "bad" things like
only a single straw that breaks its back - the last
accidents, death, illness etc. People tend to tell
straw. This can be applied to many things in life.
this type of news quickly. But "good news"
People often say "That's the last straw!" when they
(passing an exam, winning some money, getting a
will not accept any more of something.
job etc) travels more slowly.
75
"NO NEWS IS GOOD NEWS." CHARITY BEGINS AT HOME
This is like the proverb "Bad news travels fast." If Our first responsibility is to our own family and
we are waiting for news about someone, it's friends.
probably good if we hear nothing because "bad
news" would arrive quickly.
COUNT YOUR BLESSINGS
Instead of worrying about the problems that we

"LIVE AND LET LIVE."
may have, we should think about the good things
This proverb suggests that we should not interfere that we have. We should be grateful for what we
in other people's business. We should live our own have.
lives and let others live their lives. The title of the
famous James Bond story Live and Let Die was a
DON'T BITE THE HAND THAT FEEDS YOU
play on this proverb.
It is not be a good idea to hurt the person (or
company) that pays you or takes care of you.
"BIRDS OF A FEATHER FLOCK TOGETHER."
"Birds of a feather" means "birds of the same type".

DON'T PUT ALL YOUR EGGS IN ONE BASKET
The whole proverb means that people of the same
type or sort stay together. They don't mix with If all your eggs are in one basket and you drop the
people of another type. basket, you lose everything. Don't put all your
money in one bank. Don't put all your faith in one
person.
BARKING DOGS SELDOM BITE
Don't be afraid of dogs that bark or people that

EARLY TO BED AND EARLY TO RISE MAKES A MAN
threaten you (say they will do something bad to
HEALTHY, WEALTHY, AND WISE
you) - in both cases they rarely take action.
It is good for us to sleep early in the evening and
wake early in the morning.
BEAUTY IS IN THE EYE OF THE BEHOLDER
Different people see beauty in different ways.

EMPTY VESSELS MAKE THE MOST NOISE
What one person finds beautiful may not appeal to
another person.
Stupid people speak loudest.
Many men owe their achievements in life to
women.
FORTUNE FAVOURS THE BOLD
BETTER SAFE THAN SORRY Successful people are often those who are
prepared to take risks.
We should be careful in a dangerous situation. It
is better to stay safe than to have an accident (and
be sorry about it). The full "grammatical" sentence FORTUNE KNOCKS ONCE AT EVERY MAN'S DOOR
would be: "It is better to be safe than to be sorry."
We all get at least one good opportunity in life;
everybody has the opportunity to be successful in
life.
76
GREAT MINDS THINK ALIKE LET SLEEPING DOGS LIE
This saying suggests that very intelligent people Don't restart an old argument or conflict.
think like each other. It is often said as a joke when
two people think of the same thing.
LIGHTNING NEVER STRIKES TWICE IN THE SAME
PLACE
HEALTH IS BETTER THAN WEALTH

The idea here is that the same misfortune or bad
Being free from illness is better than being rich. luck will not happen again to the same person.
This saying is often shortened, with the same
meaning, to: "Lightning never strikes twice." (In
HONESTY IS THE BEST POLICY reality, it has been proven that lightning often
does strike two or more times in the same place.)
Both in the short term and in the long term,
honesty will repay you better than dishonesty. It
is best to be truthful at all times. LIVE AND LET LIVE
This proverb suggest that we should not interfere

IF YOU PLAY WITH FIRE YOU GET BURNED in other people's business. We should live our own
lives and let others live their lives.
If you fool around with something that is
potentially dangerous, you must expect to get
harmed. LOOK BEFORE YOU LEAP
This saying advises us to think carefully before any

JACK OF ALL TRADES, MASTER OF NONE action. Don't jump without looking where you are
jumping.
Suggesting that a person who can do many
different types of work is probably not very good
at any of them. MAKE HAY WHILE THE SUN SHINES
If we want to make hay, we need sunny weather,

KEEP YOUR FRIENDS CLOSE AND YOUR ENEMIES so when the sun comes we should take the
CLOSER
opportunity to make hay. Thus the proverb
You'll be safer if you know more about your suggests that we should make good use of any
enemies than you know about your friends. Look opportunity while it lasts.
after your enemies better than you look after your
friends.
MANY HANDS MAKE LIGHT WORK
The more people that do a job, the easier the job

KNOWLEDGE IS POWER
for each person.
Facts, information and skills give us strength and
influence.
MAN PROPOSES, GOD DISPOSES
Human beings can make any plans they want, but

it's God that decides their success or failure.
77
MONEY DOESN'T GROW ON TREES ONCE BITTEN, TWICE SHY
It's not easy to get money. We have to work hard If an animal (such as a dog) bites you one time, you
to make money. We can't just walk around and will be extra careful the next time. This saying
pick it like fruit from the trees. talks about learning from our mistakes.
MONEY IS A GOOD SERVANT, BUT A BAD MASTER OPPORTUNITY SELDOM KNOCKS TWICE
If you have money, it will serve you and work for Take any opportunity or chance when it comes - it
you well. But if you owe money to other people, may not come again.
that money will control you in an unpleasant way.
PATIENCE IS A VIRTUE
MONEY IS THE ROOT OF ALL EVIL
The ability to wait for something without getting
According to this saying, all immorality and angry or upset is a valuable quality in a person.
wickedness is caused by money. This saying is a
misquotation, and the original version ("the love
PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN GLASS HOUSES SHOULDN'T
of money is the root of all evil") implies that all
THROW STONES
immorality and wickedness is caused by people
loving money, not by money itself. This saying warns us against hypocrisy. We should
not criticize other people for things we do
ourselves.
NECESSITY IS THE MOTHER OF INVENTION
If we absolutely need to do something that has

PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
never been done, we will find a way to do it. It is
this need or necessity that forces people to invent The more you do something, the better you
things. become at it. Regular exercise of a skill or activity
helps you become expert at it.
NOTHING IS IMPOSSIBLE TO A WILLING HEART

PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE
Someone who is eager, keen and determined can
achieve anything. It's better to take care that a problem does not
happen than to have to solve the problem
afterwards. It's easier to stop something bad from
NOTHING VENTURED, NOTHING GAINED
happening in the first place than to fix the damage
We can't expect to achieve anything if we never after it has happened.
take any risks.
PRIDE COMES BEFORE A FALL

OIL AND WATER DON'T MIX
If we are too proud about ourselves or something,
If you add oil to water, the oil tries to stay we will probably meet with failure or disaster.
separate. This proverb is a way of saying that When we are too self-important or conceited,
certain people or characteristics do not go something is sure to happen to make us look
together. foolish.
78
ROME WASN'T BUILT IN A DAY THE DARKEST HOUR IS ALWAYS BEFORE DAWN
All things take time to create. And great things This proverb says that just before the sun rises the
like the city of Rome take a very long time. So we sky is at its blackest, suggesting that when times
shouldn't expect to accomplish something or are at their worst for us they will soon get better.
achieve success immediately.
THE EARLY BIRD CATCHES THE WORM

SILENCE IS GOLDEN
Birds that wake early in the morning will find
This saying emphasizes the value of saying worms to eat, but birds that wake late will find no
nothing. worms. The saying suggests that the same is true
for us in life. If we do something early, before
other people, we will be successful.
SPEECH IS SILVER, SILENCE IS GOLDEN
Speaking is good but saying nothing is better.

THE PEN IS MIGHTIER THAN THE SWORD
Discretion can be worth more than even eloquent
words. This proverb suggests that written material like
books or poetry has more influence than fighting
or war. We may also understand from it that ideas
STICKS AND STONES MAY BREAK MY BONES, BUT
(as often set down in writing) are more effective
WORDS WILL NEVER HURT ME
than violence.
A physical attack may injure me but a verbal attack
cannot injure me.
TIME AND TIDE WAIT FOR NO MAN
1) Nobody can stop the progression of time. 2) We

STILL WATERS RUN DEEP
should act on favourable opportunities
Some rivers have rough surfaces with waves. immediately, without delay.
That's usually because the water is shallow and
there are rocks near the surface. But deep rivers
TOO MANY COOKS SPOIL THE BROTH
have no rocks near the surface and the water is
smooth and still. "Still waters run deep" means Sometimes it is better to have one or a few people
that people who are calm and tranquil on the do a job than to have many people do it. If too
outside, often have a strong, "deep" personality. many people are involved, the task will not be
done well.
STRIKE WHILE THE IRON IS HOT

UNITED WE STAND, DIVIDED WE FALL
Seize the opportunity! When we have the chance
to do something, we should do it immediately. If we work together we can be successful. If we
Otherwise it will be too late. fight each other we will fail.
79
WE MUST LEARN TO WALK BEFORE WE CAN RUN

WHEN THE GOING GETS TOUGH, THE TOUGH GET
We have to be patient when learning. Babies crawl GOING
before they walk. And children walk before they
run. We cannot do difficult tasks before we can do When a situation is difficult or dangerous, strong
easy tasks. people work harder to resolve the problem. This
saying relies on a difficult play on words; it could
be rephrased word-for-word as: "When the
WHAT'S SAUCE FOR THE GOOSE IS SAUCE FOR THE situation becomes hard, strong people start
GANDER
working."
In any question, what is appropriate in one case is
also appropriate in the other case.
YOU CAN LEAD A HORSE TO WATER, BUT YOU CAN'T
MAKE IT DRINK
WHEN ONE DOOR SHUTS, ANOTHER OPENS You can show people the way to find something or
to do something, but you cannot force them to act
An optimistic view on life, in which a refusal or after that.
failure is always followed by another opportunity.
WRITING ESSAYS
✓ ✓
% %
QR Code 65 Cambridge - Organizing Writing QR Code 68 Cambridge - Informal Email
✓ ✓
% %
QR Code 66 Cambridge - Statements & Opinions QR Code 69 Cambridge - Complaining Politely
✓ ✓
%
QR Code 67 Cambridge - Giving Advice QR Code 70 Write&Improve Website
80
REFERENCES
https://www.englishclub.com/
https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/learning-english/activities-for-learners/
https://7esl.com/
https://www.usingenglish.com/
https://www.flymalaysia.org/csr/
https://www.altexsoft.com/
https://www.bukanextra.com/article
https://www.iitb-bandhu.org/
https://goodessays.blogspot.com/
https://www.nst.com.my/
https://mypositiveparenting.org/
https://www.unicef.org/
https://www.britannica.com/
https://www.thoughtco.com/
https://teenlearner.com/

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1

SMK SERI BAYU

TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................................. 1

THEMES-BASED ONLINE PRACTICES ........................................................................................................................... 3

PEOPLE & CULTURE ........................................................................................................................................................ 3

ARTICLES & DETERMINERS ....................................................................................................................................... 45

NOUNS : REGULAR & IRREGULAR FORMS ................................................................................................................. 47

SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT ..................................................................................................................................... 48

VERBS – VARIOUS PRACTICES .................................................................................................................................... 49

PREPOSITIONS : TIME & PLACE ................................................................................................................................. 66

CONNECTORS / CONJUNCTIONS / COHESIVE DEVICES ............................................................................................. 68

ONLINE PRACTICES : CONJUNCTIONS USAGE ............................................................................................................ 69

COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES ............................................................................................................ 71

ACTIVE / PASSIVE VOICE .......................................................................................................................................... 72

WRITING ESSAYS ...................................................................................................................................................... 79

PEOPLE & CULTURE

ONLINE PRACTICES : VARIOUS TOPICS

This criminal does this...

GENERAL SPORTS VOCABULARY

Pitch (1) Shoot

WORLD CUP VOCABULARY

History of the World Cup

World Cup Qualifying Tournaments

World Cup Finals

The World Cup Final

Trophy, Medals and Awards

Other FIFA Tournaments

WATTPAD SPECIAL : FRIENDSHIP STORIES

Paragraph 2 – RISING ACTION Paragraph 4 – FALLING ACTION

SPM FOCUS : FRIENDSHIP

“Friends are the family we choose.”

Write your story.

SPM FOCUS : ISSUES AFFECTING CHILDREN IN MALAYSIA

In your essay, you should write about:

• how poverty affected the children. WRITE & IMPROVE

• a message to your peers about this issue. BECDEH3R

ONLINE PRACTICES : VARIOUS TOPICS

BRAIN TRAIN : FROM SEDENTARY TO EXEMPLARY

MENTAL HEALTH VOCABULARY

Headspace The Malaysian Mental Health

came into effect being a listening ear

BRAIN TRAIN : ALL EARS

FOOD AND HEALTH VOCABULARY

Overweight and obesity

The obesity epidemic

Saturated fats and trans fats

Healthy diets and foods

diabetes : a serious illness in which your body malnutrition : a condition of weakness or

READING EXERCISE : ECO-COMMUNITY

BRAIN TRAIN : GOING GREEN

READING EXERCISE: ENDANGERED SPECIES

BRAIN TRAIN : BATTLING EXTINCTION

READING EXERCISE: POLLUTION

BRAIN TRAIN : BATTLING EXTINCTION

SPM FOCUS : 3R MALAYSIA

ONLINE PRACTICES : VARIOUS TOPICS

BRAIN TRAIN : SOCIAL MEDIA

Make & Model :

SPM FOCUS : FACILITIES IN SCHOOL COMPUTER LAB

Your report should include the following details:

• the aim of the report WRITE & IMPROVE

• recommendation on what to do to improve the condition BECDEH3R

Write your report.