jHdmdr l<ukdlrKh

Y%S ,xld .KldêlrK Ys,amSh wdh;kh

lk
g.
in
úIh wxlh - 204
nt
ou
cc
ea

fojk woshrh
in
l
on

ieliqu - k§Y fldar<f.a

w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
 ixúOdklrKfha uQ,sl ixl,am

ixúOdklrKh ye¢kaùu

 ixúOdkhla b,lal <Õd lr .ekSu i|yd wjYH jk ixúOdkhla ;=, mj;akd úúO
l%h
s dldrlï y÷kd.ekSu" ldKav.;lrKh yd fN!;sl" uQ,H" udkj iïm;a jvd M,odhS
in|;djla i|yd talrdYS lsÍu ixúOdklrKh kï fõ'
 fjk;a wdldrhlska olajkafka kï ixúOdkhlg ;u b,lal imqrd .ekSug wjYH fyd|u
ixúOdk l%h
s dldrlï yd iïm;a ldKav.; lsÍu ixúOdklrKh fõ'

ixúOdk l%shdj,sh my; mshjr j,ska iukaú; fõ'

ld¾hh y÷kd.ekSu yd fn§u (Identification and division of work)

lk
• ixúOdklrK ld¾hhka l=vd ld¾hh tallj,g fnodyeÍfuka wdrïN fõ' tjeks tall

g.
/lshd f,i ye¢kafõ'
•
• fuh l%udkql,
+ j jev lsÍug yd úfYaIl in
tla mqoa.,hl= Tyqf.a yelshdj yd iqÿiqlï u; tla /lshdjla i|yd wkqhql;
S rKhl g fiajlhka fhduq lrkq ,nhs'
a lrkq ,nhs'
nt
fomd¾;fïka;=lrKh (Departmentalization)
ou

• ld¾hhka yeisrúh yels l=vd tallj,g fn§fuka wk;=rej wod< /lshd ldKav lr tla
tla fomd¾;fïka;=j hg;g .kq ,nhs'
cc

• fuu ldKav lrk l%shdj,sh fomd¾;fïka;=lrKh fõ'

ea

• = rKh (functional
nyq,j Ndú; jk fomd¾;fïka;=lrK l%u jkafka Y%s;Sl fomd¾;fïka;l
departmentalization) yd wdxYsl fomd¾;fïka;=lrKh (divisional departmentalization) hs'
in

rdcldß mejÍu (Assignment of duties)

l

•
on

fomd¾;fïka;= we;s lsÍfuka wk;=rej iEu fomd¾;fïka;j

= lau mqo.
a ,fhl= hg;g
m;alrkq ,nhs' ld¾hh mjrkq ,nkafka ta i|yd jvd;au iqÿiq mqoa.,hdg h'

jd¾;d lsÍfï in|;d ia:dms; lsÍu (Establishing reporting relationships)

• rdcldß mejÍfuka wk;=rej iEu mqo.
a ,hl= yg u thg .e<fmk wêldÍ n,hla mejßh
hq;=h'
• fuu j.lSï yd wêldÍ n,h mejÍu wkq.dñlhd yd iqmÍlaIljrhd w;r wêldß j.lSu
in|;dj we;s lsÍug fya;= fõ'
• fï iu.u l<ukdldÍ;aj Oqrdj,shla ^úOdk §fï l%uh& ks¾udKh fõ' tu ksid ish¨u
fokd Tjqka wK ,eìh hq;af;a ldf.kao@ j.úh hq;f
a ;a ldygo@ hk j. oekqj;aj isá'
• tu mshjrhka w;r in|;djh my; rEmfhka meyeÈ,s l< yel'

2
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
ixúOdklrKfha jeo.;alu

1' úfYaISlrKfha m%;s,dN

lk
• ixúOdkhl iEu ld¾hhla u l=vd /lshdjg fnod mqo.
a ,hskf
a .a iqÿiqlï wkqj tla

g.
/lshdjla tla mqo.
a ,hl=g mjrkq ,nhs' fuu ld¾hh úfYaIl
S rKhl g fya;= fõ'

2' meyeÈ,s ld¾hh in|;d

• ixúOdklrK ld¾hh ;=<ska iEu mqo. in
a ,hl=u i;= wêldÍ;ajh fyda n,h meyeÈ,sj
nt
ks¾jpkh lrhs'
ou

• tu ksid iEu mqoa.,fhl=u ;uka úOdk ,nkafka ldf.kao ;udg úOdk Èh yelafla
ldygo hkak b;d meyeÈ,s fõ'
cc

• tfukau ixúOdklrKh ;=<k

s a wdh;kfha wêldÍ;aj Oqrdj,shla ks¾udKh lrhs'
ea

3' iïm;a m%Yia; f,i Wmfhdackh

• ixúOdklrKh wuqøjH" uqo,a" ñksia n,h oE ksis f,i Ndú;hg WmldÍ fõ'
in

• /lshd ksis f,i mjrd we;s ksid jHdl+,;d fyda oaùlrKhka we;s fkdfõ'
• fuh iïm;a kdia;h
s wju lsÍug WmldÍ fõ'
l
on

• ish¨u fokd ;uka úiska wkq ,ndÈh hq;a;ka yd ;uka úiska wK ms<m
s eÈh hq;a;ka
meyeÈ,sj okS' fuh l<ukdlrK OQrdj,sh ks¾udKhg o WmldÍ fõ'

4' fjkiaùï j,g wkq.; ùu

• ixúOdklrKh úúO fomd¾;fïka;= yd l<ukdlrK OQrdj,s ks¾udKhg WmldÍ fõ'
• ndysr mßirfha fjkiaùï j,g m%;p
s dr olajñka ta wkqj l%h
s dldrlï ieliSug;a thg
wkq.; ùug;a fuu jHqyh WmldÍ fõ'

3
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
5' iM,odhs mßmd,kh
• ixúOdklrK ld¾hh /lshdj ms<n
s | meyeÈ,s úia;rhla imhhs' tys§ jHdl+,;d yd
oaùlrKhka we;s fkdfõ'
• ish¨u fokd ;u N+ñldj yd ;k;=re meyeÈ,s j okS' tu ksid l<ukdlrKh myiqjk
w;ru mßmd,kh iM,odhs lrhs'

6' ld¾huKav, ixj¾Okh

• ixúOdklrK OQrdj,sh u.ska ;u iydhlhkag ffoksl ld¾hhka mejÍu u.ska
l<ukdlrejkag ;u ld¾hNdrh wju lr.; yel'
• fuu.ska l<ukdlrejkag ld¾hh bgq lsÍu i|yd kj l%ufõohla f.dvke.Sug wjldY
ie,fia'
• tf,iu wdh;kfha ;r.ldÍ;aj ;;a;ajh Yla;su;a lsÍug iydh ùu i|yd Tjqkg

lk
kfjda;amdok isÿ lsÍug wjia:djla fukau ld,ho ,nd foa'
•

g.
fufia n,h mejÍula ;=<ska iydhlhkag ;u ndOl yeisrùu;a ;u wkd.; yelshdjka
y÷kd .ekSug;a wjia:djla ,nd §u u.ska Tjqka ixj¾Okh lrhs'

7' m%idrKh yd j¾Okh in

nt
• iïm;a m%Yia; f,i Wmfhdackh" ksis jev fn§u yd fomd¾;fïka;=lrKh u.ska wdh;k
ou

j,g wNsfhda. j,g myiqfjka uqyK

q §ug yd ie,iqï l< mßÈ Tjqkf
a .a l%shdldrlï
m%idrKhg o yelshdj ,efí'
cc

• Tjqkg
a myiqfjkau ;j;a /lshd ;k;=re yd fomd¾;fïka;= tla lsÍug fukau ksIm
a dok
úúOdx.SlrKhg o yelshdj ,efí'
ea

• úl=Kï
q yd ,dN by< oeófuys ,d kj N+f.da,Sh m%foaY y÷kd .ekSug o yelsfõ'
in

wêldÍ;ajh" j.lSu yd n,h

l
on

ixúOdk jHQyh ks¾udKh lsÍfï l%h

s dj,sfha § l<ukdlrejka wêldÍ;ajh fiajlhkag mejßh
hq;=hs' tfiau wêldÍ;ajh g .e,fmk j.lSulao ,ndÈh hq;=hs' tfiau n,h yd j.lSu fï
iïnkaOfhka ;j;a jeo.;a ixl,am fõ'

wêldÍ;ajh

• wêldÍ;ajh hkq ;SrK .ekSug we;s n,hhs'

• tu.ska mqo.
a ,hl=g Tyqf.a ;k;=f¾ úIh m:h we;=,; ;u iydhlhka yg wK§ug we;s
whs;sh ñka woyia flf¾'
• l<ukdlrejka úiska Tjqkf
a .a j.lSu ;u iydhlhkag mjrk úg tu j.lSug .e<fmk
wêldß;ajh iydhlhkag mejßh hq;=fõ' kuq;a Tjqka ;ukaf.a iïmQ¾K wêldÍ n,h ;u
iydhlhkag fkdmejßh hq;h
= '

4
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
 • jHdmdr ixúOdk yd iïnkaOfhka .;a l, iïm;a iM,odhSj fnod yeÍugyeÍug yd
Ndú;hg fukau ixúOdkhl b,lal <Õd lr .ekSu i|yd ;SrK .ekSug yd wK
,nd§ug mqo.
a ,hl=g we;s n,h yd whs;h
s wêldß;ajh f,i ks¾jpkh l< yel'
• wêldÍ;ajh fyd¢ka w¾: olajd ;sìh hq;h
= ' hï wêldÍ;ajhla iys; mqo.
a ,hka ;u
wêldß n,fha úIhm:h ms<n
s |j oekqj;a úh hq;= w;r Tjqka th W!k Wmfhdackh fyda
wjNdú;h fkdl< hq;=h'
• wêldÍ;ajh hkq úOdk §fï" wK§fï yd ld¾hhka lrjd .ekSug we;s whs;shhs' by<
l<ukdldß;ajhg jeä wêldß n,hla we;s w;r th iEu úgu by< isg my<g .,d hhs'
• fuhska m%Odkshd Tyqf.a iydhlhska ,jd ld¾hhka lrjd .kakd wdldrh Tyqf.a wfmalI
a dj
yd Tyq ta i|yd <Õd jk wdldrh ms<n
s |j meyeÈ,s lrhs' wêldÍ n,h thg iudk
j.lSï j,ska iukaú; úh hq;=h'

lk
j.lSu

g.
• fuu.ska iydhlhska úiska Tyqg mjrk ,o ld¾hh ksis f,i bgq lsÍug mj;sk ne£u

•
woyia flf¾'
ld¾hh mejÍfï l%h in
s dj,sh wdrïN jkafka l<ukdlrejl= Tyqf.a hï j.lSula ;u
nt
iydhlhkag ,nd§u u.sk's fuu.ska j.lSï mejÍula woyia fõ'
ou

• kuq;a fiajlhkag hï ld¾hhl j.lSu mjrk úg tu ld¾hh bgq lsÍu i|yd Tyqg wjYH
wêldÍ n,h o ,nd Èh hq;h
= '
cc

• ;ukag mejreKq ld¾hh bgqlsÍu mqo.

a ,fhl=f.a hq;l
= ula fõ'
• mqoa.,fhl=g j.lSula ,nd ÿka úg tu mqo.
a ,hd Tyqg mejreKq ld¾hh bIag lrk njg
ea

iy;sl úh hq;=h'
• Tyq ork j.lSug wod< ld¾hh iïmQ¾K jkafka kï ta i|yd meyeÈ,s lsÍfï fyda
in

ksoyig lreKq bÈßm;a lsÍula fkdl< hq;=h' j.lSu my, isg by,g .,dhhs'
l

•
on

uOH yd my< l<ukdlrK uÜgï jeä j.lSï orhs' hï ld¾hhlg wod< j.lSu orkakd
ta ms<sn| ms<s;r
= e Èh hq;=h'
• Tyq mjrk ,o j.lSu wfmalI
a s; whqßkau bgq lrkafka kï Tyq m%Yxidjg iqÿiq fõ' tf,i
u Tyq mejreKq ld¾hh wfmalI
a ;
s whqßka bgq lsÍug wfmdfydi;a jkafka kï ta i|yd
fya;= bÈßm;a lsÍugo Tyq ne£ isà'

5
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
 wêldÍ;ajh yd j.lSu w;r in|;dj

• wêldÍ n,h hkq mqoa.,hl=g fyda m%Odkshl=g ;u iydhlhkag úOdk §ug we;s ffk;sl
n,h jk w;r j.lSu hkq m%ñ; ld¾hM, u; msyg
s d mqo.
a ,hka yg mejreKq ld¾h bgq
lsÍug mj;sk ne£uhs'
• wêldÍ;ajh m%Odkshdf.a isg iydhlhkag .,dhkafka ld¾hhka bgq lsÍu i|yd wK yd
Wmfoia iydhlhkag ,nd§fuks'
• wêldß;ajh ;=<ska l<ukdlrejka lsishï jQ ld¾hhla md,kh lrkq ,nhs' m%Odkshd md,k
ld¾hh isÿl<o iydhlhkaf.ka ld¾hhka ms<n
s |j j.lSu n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ'
• wf,ú l<ukdlre úiska ;u úl=Kï
q iqmÍlaIl j fuu udih ;=< tall 50la wf,ú lsÍu
i|yd fhduq lf<a hehs is;uq' tys§ iqmÍlaIl wod, m%ñ; b,lalh iïmQ¾K lr fkdue;s
kï wf,ú l<ukdlre úiska m%Odk úOdhl ks,Odßhdg j.lsj hq;=h'

lk
• tu ksid wêldÍ n,h by< isg my<g;a" j.lSu my< isg by<g;a .,dhk nj mejish
yel'

g.
• j.ùu j.lSfï m%;sM,hla jk w;r j.lSu wêldß n,fha m%;sM,hla fõ' tu ksid iEu

in
wêldß n,hlgu iudk jQ j.lSula iïnkaO ù mj;S' tfiau lsishï l<ukdlrefjl= ;j
nt
wêldÍ;ajh hg;a fiajlhkag mejrejo j.lSu iïmQ¾Kfhka mejßh fkdyel'

wêldÍ n,h yd j.lSï w;r fjki

ou

wêldÍ;ajh j.lSu
cc

1' mqoa.,fhl=g fyda m%Odksfhl=g ;u 1' iydhlhkag ;ukag mejreKq ld¾hh bgq
iydhlhkag úOdk §ug we;s ffk;sl lsÍug we;s ne£uhs'
ea

whs;shls'
2' j.lSu m%OdkS - iyhl in|;dj ksid
in

2' wêldÍ;ajh m%Odkshdf.a ;k;=r yd ne£

yg.kakd w;r tu.ska iydhlhd ;ukag
mj;S'
l

,ndÿka ld¾h bgq lsÍug tlÕ fõ'

on

3' m%Odkshdf.a isg iydhlhdg wêldß;ajh 3' j.lSu udre l< fkdyels yd ia:djr fõ'
fnod yeßh yels fõ'
4' by, isg my,g .,d hhs' 4' my, isg by,g .,dhhs'

6
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
j.ùu
• j.ùu hkq j.lSug iïnkaO ;j;a ixl,amhls'
• j.lSu hkafkka woyia jkqfha tlÕ jQ wfmalaI;
s ld¾hidOkhg wod< j.lSu .ekSu iy
ta flfrys we;s ne£uhs'
• kuq;a j.ùu hkq ld¾hh m%;M
s ,hg iïnkaOj ms<;
s =re iemhSug we¢ ne£uhs' tu ksid
hïlsis ld¾hhl i;H m%;sM, iy wfmalI
a ;
s m%;M
s , w;r hï lsis úp,;djhla we;akï ta
i|yd ms<;
s r
= e iemhSug we;s ne£u j.ùu ;=< wka;¾.; fõ'
• j.ùu mejßh fkdyel'

n,h
n,h wêldßh g jvd mq¿,a ixl,amhla fõ' fuh mqo.
a ,hl=g wka whg n,mEï lsÍug we;s
yelshdj f,i ks¾jpkh l< yel' tu ksid wêldÍ;ajh n,fha tla uQ,dY%hla njg m;afjhs'

lk
l<ukdlrejkag wêldß;ajh yd j.lSu ;u ;k;=r wkqj ,nd.; yels kuq;a wfkl=;a uQ,dY%j,ska

g.
Tjqka ;u n,h f.dvkÕd .; hq;=h' French and Raven wkqj n,fha uQ,dY% 05la mj;S'

1'
in
kS;Hdkql+, n,h - mqoa.,hkag wka wh ld¾hhkag wkq.; lsÍug yd wka wh yg
nt
úOdkhkag lSlre lr .ekSug mj;sk úêu;a whs;sh u; we;sjk n,hhs'
2' m%Odk §fï n,h - mqoa.,hkaf.a wjk;Ndjh g ;j;a wfhl= úiska jkaÈhla msßkeófï
ou

yelshdj u; we;sjk n,hhs'

3' úfYaI{ n,h - fuh mqoa.,fhl=f.a úfYaI;
s ksmK
q ;d yd oekqu u; we;s jk n,hhs'
cc

4' wkqyia n,h - mqoa.,fhl=f.a wdl¾IKh" jákdlu yd wka whf.ka meiiqï ,eîug we;s
yelshdj ;=,ska we;sjk n,hhs'
ea

5' o~qjï §fï n,h - hï fohlg wjk; fkdùfï fya;f= jka mqoa.,fhl=g wka whg o~qjï
lsÍug we;s yelshdj ksid we;sjk n,h hs'
l in
on

7
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
ixúOdk jHQyhkays m%fNao

fomd¾;fïka;l
= rKfha úúO mokï u; l<uKdlrK úfYaI{hka úúO ixúOdk jHQyhka
fhdackd lrhs' kuq;a fmdÿfõ .;a l, Y%;
s Sh yd wdxYsl jHqyh f,i ixúOdk jHqy m%Odk jYfhka
fldgia follg fnod oelaúh yel'

1' Y%s;Sh jHqyh (Functional Structure)

• l%h
s dldrlï fyda /lshdjka tajdfha ld¾hh wkqj ldKav .; lsÍu Y%;
s l
S jHQyh f,i
ye¢kafõ' fuu Y%;
s hka fjku fomd¾;fïka;= f,i ixúOdkh fõ'
Wod ksIamdokh uQ,l
s lr.;a wdh;khl jev fn§ul§ ksIm
a dokh" uQ,H" wf,úlrK yd
fiajl uKav, l<ukdlrKh m%Odk Y%s;hka f,i y÷kd .; yelsh'

Y%s;Sh ixúOdk jHqyh ;=< my; jdis yd wjdis we;=<;a fõ'

lk
jdis

g.
1' úfYaIl
S rKh l%h
s dldrlï ld¾hh Y%;
s hka g wkqj ldKav lr we;' iudk ld¾hhka tla
fomd¾;fïka;j
in
= la hg;g .efka' fuh iM,odhs;djhg fukau úfYaIl
2' iqmÍlaIKh myiq ùu iajNdjfhka iudk ld¾hhka tla fomd¾;fïka;j
s rKhg o fya;= fõ'
= l mj;akd neúka
nt
iqmÍlaIl jrekag fiajlhka /lshdfõ ksh;
q = úg u. fmkaùu yd iqmÍlaIKh myiq fõ'
ou

3' iïnkaëlrKh myiq ùu bgqlrkq ,nk ld¾hhka j, iudkd;au;djh ksid fomd¾;fïka;=
md,kh yd iïnkaëlrKhg WmldÍ fõ '
cc

4' l<ukdlrK ld¾hlaIu;dj by< hEu iEu fomd¾;fïka;j

= l u l<ukdlrejka úiska ;u
ld¾hh kej; kej; isÿ lrhs' fuu.ska Tjqka úfYaIl
S rKh jk w;ru ta ;=<ska
ea

ld¾hlaIu;djh o by< hhs'

5' iM,odhs mqyK q  iSñ; ksmK
q j q ;d mrdihlg muKla fhduq jk neúka fiajlhka mqyK
q q lsÍu
in

myiq fõ'
l

6' msßjeh my< hdu ld¾hhka j, wju oaúlrKh yd mßudKql,

+ msßueiqï ksid msßjeh wju
on

ùug fya;= fõ'

wjdis
1' fomd¾;fïka;= Tjqkf
a .a l%u ms<n
s | úfYaISlrKh jk w;r iuia; ixúOdkfha wruqKq foi
ne,Sug wfmdfydi;a fõ' tu ksid ixúOdk b,lal <Õd lr .ekSu wmyiq fõ'
2' fomd¾;fïka;= m%OdkSka Tjqka ld¾hh kshq;= fomd¾;fïka;= ixúOdkh ;=< n,j;a Y%s;hla
lsÍug W;aidy lrhs' fuh fomd¾;fïka;= w;r .egqï we;sùug fya;= fõ'
3' fomd¾;fïka;= úYd, jk úg iïnkaëlrKh wmyiq fõ'
4' ixúOdk b,lal <Õd lr .; fkdyels jqjo ish¨u fomd¾;fïka;= wka;¾ iïnkaO neúka
j.lSu mejÍu wmyiq fõ'
5' l<ukdlrejka Tjqka wod< jk fomd¾;fïka;=jg wod< Y%;
s hg muKla mqyK
q q fõ' fï ksid
wka whf. u;hka we.hSug wmyiq ùu ksid kuHYS,S fkdjk ;;a;ajhla yg.kS'
8
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
ta wkqj Y%;l
S jHQyhka iqÿiq jkafka"
• jHdmdr tallh m%udKfhka úYd, jk úg
• úfYaIl
S rKh wjYH jQ úg
• wêldÍ n,h úuOH.; lsÍug wjYH jQ úg
• tla ksIm
a dÈ;hla muKla wf,ú lrk úg

2' wdxYsl jHqyh (Divisional Structure)

• ixúOdkh m%udKfhka b;d úYd, jQ yd tla ksIm
a dÈ;hlg jvd ksIamdokh lrk úg tu
ixlS¾K;ajhg uqyK
q §ug yels jk mßÈ ks¾udKh ixúOdkh l< hq;= fõ'
• ixúOdk jHqyh fjka jQ wxYj,ska iukaú; jk w;r iEu wxYhlgu l<ukdlrefjl=
isá' iEu wxYhla ;=< u ksIm
a dokh" wf,úlrKh" uQ,H wd§ Y%;
s hka l%h
s d;aul fõ'

lk
• fjk;a whqrlska olajk úg iEu wxYhla u Y%S;h
S jHqyh wkq.ukh lsÍug fm<fò' flfia
kuq;a wxY j, mj;sk ksIamdokhka wkqj wxY w;r Y%s;hka fjkia fõ'

g.
wdxYsl jHQyfha jdis yd wjdis my; f,i oelaúh yelsh'

in
nt
jdis
1' fiajl uKav, ixj¾Okh tla ksIamdÈ; j¾.hkag wod< ish¨u l%h
s dldrlï tla
ou

fomd¾;fïka;=jla hgf;a muKla ldKav.; flf¾' fuu.ska m%Odkshdf.a úúO ksmK

q ;d
ixj¾Okh jk w;r Tyq by< ;k;=rlg iQodkï lrhs'
cc

2' j.ùu fuu j¾.fha jHqyhl§ iEu fomd¾;fïka;=jlu ld¾hM, myiqfjka weÕhSu isÿ
l< yelsh' tfiau fuh ÿ¾j, ld¾hM, i|yd j.lSï kshu lsÍug;a tu.ska iqÿiq ms<h
s ï
ea

l%h
s dud¾. .ekSug;a yelshdj ,ndfohs'
3' blauka ;SrK .ekSu iEu fomd¾;fïka;j
= la u iajdëk jk ksid ;SrK .ekSu jvd blauka
in

fõ' tf,iu fuu.ska kuHYS,S;ajh yd uq,msÍï o m%j¾Okh lrhs'

l
on

4' m%idrKh yd j¾Okh mj;sk fomd¾;fïka;= j,g ndOd we;s lsÍulska f;drj myiqfjka
kj fomd¾;fïka;= tla l< yelsh'

wjdis
1' iïm;a fn§ hdu ms<sn|j wxY w;r .egqï we;s úh yel' tfiau we;eï wxY wka whf.a
msßjefhka Wmßu ,dN bmhSug W;aidy oeßh yel'
2' iEu fomd¾;fïka;j
= la u iajdëk tallhla f,i lghq;= lsÍu i|yd wjYH ish¨u iïm;a
Ndú;fha wjYH;djhka mj;S' fuys§ ksIm
a dÈ; w;r l%h
s dldrlï oaùlrKh ksid msßjeh
by< hd yel'
3' wxY m%OdkSka Tjqkf
a .a ksIamdÈ; fj; muKla wjOdkh fhduq lrhs' fï ksid Tjqka ;uka
fmdÿfõ ixúOdkfha fldgila nj y÷kd fkd.ekSu yd wxY w;r .egqï f.dvkeÕSu"
ixúOdk we,au fkdi,ld yeÍu jeks oE isÿúh yel'

9
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
▪ fï wkqj wdxYsl jHqyh fhda.H jkafka my; wjia:djka j,§h"
1' tla ksIm
a dÈ;hl g jvd mj;sk úg
2' úúO ksIamdok ;dlaIKhka yd wf,úlrK l%uhka Ndú; lrk úg
3' uyd mßudK jHdmdr fyda jHdmdr ixj¾Okh jk úg
▪ idudkHfhka .;a l, wdxYsl jHqyh úúO ksIamdÈ; j¾. wkqj ks¾udKh jk kuq;a we;eï
jHdmdr úúO mdßfNda.l
s lKavdhï ^mdßfNda.l
s moku&" N+f.da,Sh m%foaY ^N+f.da,Sh moku& yd
jev lKavdhu fyda lKavdhï ^lKavdhï moku& wfka fjka jQ wxY yÿkd .kS'
▪ we;eï uyd mßudKfha ixúOdk ;u jHqyh Wml%ñl jHdmdr tall u; mokïj ks¾udKh
lrhs' ;jÿrg;a we;eï kQ;k ixúOdk Y%s;Sl yd wdxYsl jHqyfhys ñY%hka wkq.ukh lrhs'
▪ m%Odk jYfhka we;eï ;dlaIKhg keUQre wdh;k kHdi ixúOdk jHqyh Ndú; lrhs' tu ksid
;jÿrg;a úúO j¾.fha ixúOdk jHQyhka yd tajdfha jdis wjdis wOHkh lsÍu i|yd isiqka
wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;h
= '

lk
3' kHdi ixúOdk jHqyh
• kHdi jHqyh Ndú;fha§ udKav,sl yd Y%;
s Sl fiajlhka uQ,l
s Y%;
s hka g fukau ksIm
a dÈ;

g.
fyda jHdmD;s l<ukdlrejka hgf;a wkqhql;
a lrkq ,nhs' Y%l
S úfYaISlrKfha yd ksIm
a dÈ;
jHdmD;s úfYaIl
S rKfha m%;,
in
s dN tl;= lsÍula u.ska yelshdj mßmQ¾K mqo.
a ,hka fiajfha
Wmßu f,i fhoùu kHdi jHqyfhka wfmalaId lrhs' kHdi jHqyh g ksoiqkla my;
nt
rEmfhka oelafõ'
ou
cc
ea
l in
on

kHdi ixúOdk jHqyhla ;rula ixlS¾K jk w;r tajdfha jdis wjdis my; f,i oelaúh yelsh'

jdis
1' jvd fyd| iïnkaëlrKhla yd md,khla mej;Su'
2' fjkia jk mßirhg wkq.; ùfï yelshdj'
3' iïm;a iM,odhSj Wmfhdackh lsÍfï yelshdj'
4' by< l<ukdlrKhg m%udKj;a ld,h iuÕ jHdmD;s l<ukdlrejkag wêldß n,h fnod
yeÍu'
5' wka;¾ lafIa;% úfYaISlrKfha úYsIaG;dj we;sùu'
6' lKavdhula f,i jev lsÍug we;s yelshdj j¾Okh ùu'
7' fiajl ksmK
q ;d j¾Okh ùu'

10
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
wjdis
1' úOdk §fï talh
S ;djh fkdue;sùu ksid .egqï we;súh yels ùu'
2' msßjeh jeä jHqyhla ùu'
3' wêl úfYaIl
s rKh ksid .eg¨ we;s ùu'
4' iunr lsÍu wmyiq ùu'
5' fiajlhska w;r wkdrlaI;
s njg we;s yeÕSu jeä ùu'
6' jHdmdrfha mj;akd úúO jHdmdßl Y%s;hka w;r wju iïnkaëlrKh'

wêldß;ajh mejÍu

• fjk;a mqo.
a ,fhl=g wêldß;ajh mejÍu hkq j.ùfuka neyer ùula fkdfõ' ;jÿrg;a
j.ùu Wmßu wêldÍ n,h iys; mqo.
a ,hd i;= fõ'
• iyhlhka fj; j.lSu yd wêldÍ n,h mejÍu yd tu mjrk ,o mqo.
a ,hka u; j.ùu

lk
we;s lsÍfï l%shdj,shla f,i mejÍu ks¾jpkh l< yel'

g.
• mejeÍu hkafkka woyia jkqfha m%Odkshdf.a isg iydhlhd olajd wêldÍ n,h my<g udre

•
ùuhs'
fuh ixúOdkhla ld¾hlaIuj l%h in
s d;aul lsÍug fukau l<ukdlrejkag by<
nt
jeo.;alulska hq;= ld¾hhka lsÍug wjYH ld,h ,nd .ekSug WmldÍ fõ' fuu.ska
ou

iydhlhkag Tyqf.a wjYH;d ;Dma;u

s ;a lsÍug WmldÍ fõ'
• flfia kuq;a fuh w;yeÍfï l%shdj,shla fkdfõ' l<ukdldrejkag ;jÿrg;a ;ukag
cc

mjrk ,o ld¾hh bgq lsÍu i|yd j.lSula mj;S'

• ;jÿrg;a fnod yßk ,o wêldÍ;ajh kej; ,ndf.k fjk;a mqoa.,hl=g kej; mejÍfï
ea

yelshdj mj;S' kuq;a wêldÍ;ajh mejÍula ms<n

s |j fkdi,ld l<ukdlrejka ;u
ld¾hh ms<sn|j m%Odkshdg j. úh hq;=h'
in

• l<ukdlreg ;ukag mejreKq ld¾hhka ;ksj bgq l< fkdyel' b,lal imqrd .ekSu
i|yd l<ukdlrejka wêldÍ;ajh fnod yeßh hq;=h'
l
on

• wêldÍ;ajh mejÍfï § wêldßh yd n,h hk fowxYhgu iydhlhka fj; mjrhs'

• tu ksid mejÍu hkq hï mqoa.,fhl=f.a /lshdfõ hï hï fldgia fjk;a mqoa.,fhl= ,jd
lrjd .ekSuhs' wêldÍ n,h mejÍu hkq iM,odhS m%;M
s , <Õd lr .ekSu i|yd
iydhlhka fj; n,h mejÍula yd n,h Wm wxY j,g fyda Wm fldgiaj,g fnod fjka
lsÍuls'

WodyrK-
m%udKj;a wêldÍ n,h iys; Ag ld¾hhla mjrk ,§' tu ld¾hh A úiska Bg mjrd Tyqg th
ksis f,i bgq lsÍug wod< j.lSu o B fj; mejÍh' kuq;a j.ùu ;jÿrg;a A i;=fõ' tkï iEu
úgu by< l<ukdldß;ajh j.ùu flfrys ne£ isà'

11
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
 • j.ùu ;=<k
s a fiajlhka ;u úIh m:fhka mßndysrj is;u
S ksid j.ùu fláfhka .;a l,
wjika m%;M
s ,hg ms<;
s r
= e §fï yelshdjhs' j.ùfuka neyer úh fkdyel' th j.lSfuka
yg.kS'
• thska .uH jkafka iydhlhska mejreï ld¾h lsÍu fyda fkdlsÍu ms<sn| ms<s;r
= e iemhSfï
yelshdjhs' wêldÍ n,h mjrd j.lSu ndr .;a miq j.ùu m%;l
s f
a Iam l, fkdyel' j.ùu
iydhlhska iu. muKla fnod .; yels w;r th by,g .,dhk mßÈ mejßh fkdyel'
• fuys§ l<ukdlrejka Tyqf.a iydhlhskg
a ksis f,i ld¾hh úi¾ckhla lrk njg
iy;sl lrhs' mejre l%h
s djka yd ld¾hhka meyer yeÍï j, m%;súmdl ms<n
s | meyeÈ,s
lsÍula hg;a fiajlhkaf.ka iEu úgu wfmalaId lrkq ,nhs'
• ta wkqj wêldÍ n,h mjrk nj;a j.lSï Ndr .kakd nj;a j.ùu mkjk nj;a i|yka
l< yelsh'
• mejÍu hkq w;ayeÍfï l%uhla fkdfõ' tys woyi j.ùu ksh; njhs' th udre lsÍu fyda

lk
mejÍu isÿ l< fkdyel' iydhlhkag j.ùula mejrejo m%Odkshd o tys m%;sM,hg

g.
ms<s;r
= e §ug ne£ isà'

WodyrK-
in
nt
úl=Kï
q l<ukdlreg uilg tall 1000la úlsŒfï b,lalhla mjrk ,o uq;a Tyq tu b,lal Tyq
hgf;a isák wf,úlrejka 5 fofkl= w;f¾ fnod fohs' udih wjidkfha tall 800la muKla
ou

wf,ú lsÍug yels úh' Tyqg ;u j.ùfuka neyer úh yels fkdfõ' Tyq ;u iydhlhkag
b,lalh ,nd ÿkak o Tyqg ;u j.ùfuka ksoyia úh fkdyel' Tyq úáka úg ld¾hM, i,ld n,d
cc

ld¾hh ksjerÈj isÿ jk nj ikd: lsÍu yd ld,Sk l%shdud¾. .ekSu isÿl< hq;h
= '
ea

wêldÍ n,h fnodyeÍfï mrud¾:

1' m%OdkSkg
a we;s wêl nr wju lsÍu ^tkï úúO uÜgï j, fufyhqfï ksr; úOdhlhska yd
in

l<ukdlrejka&
2' lksIaG úOdhlhskg
a j¾Okh yd iajhx ixj¾Okhg wjia:d ie,iSu'
l
on

3' ixúOdkhg w;aoelSïj,ska mßmQ¾K yd mßK; l<ukdlrejka lKavdhula ìys lsÍu fuh
l<ukdlrK yd udkj iïm;a ixj¾Ok Ys,am l%uhla f,i l%h
s d lrhs'
4' iuia; ixúOdkfha fukau mqoa.,hkaf.a ld¾hlaIu;djh j¾Okh lsÍu'

12
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
wêldÍ n,h mejÍfï l%h
s dj,sh

mejÍfï l%shdj,sh meyeÈ,s mshjrhkaf.ka iukaú; fõ' mejÍfï l%h

s dj,sh fuu mshjr yryd
isÿlrkq ,nhs' my; rEmh wêldß n,h mejÍfï l%h
s dj,sfha mshjrhka fmkakqï lrhs'

lk
g.
ta wkqj wêldß n,h fnodyeÍfï fnodyeÍfï l%shdj,sfha mshjrhka y;rla mj;S'

in
nt
1' iydhlhska g ld¾h mejÍu
• mejÍug fmr mjrkakd úiska tla iydhlhl= g fyda iyhlhka lKavdhulg mejßh hq;=
ou

ld¾hh ksjerÈj ;SrKh l< hq;=h'

• ta wkqj ld¾h mjrk w;r iydhlhdg ;uka wfmalaId lrk oE ksjerÈj ikaksfõokh l<
cc

hq;=hs'
• idudkHfhka fuys§ isÿjkafka iydhlhd l< hq;= ld¾hhka ,ehsia;= .; lsÍuhs' wjYH
ea

jkafka kï iyhlhd ,Õd lr.; hq;= b,lal LKavkh l< yel' iydhlhkag ldrHhka
l%h
s dldrlï f,i fyda m%;sM, f,i mejßh yel'
in

• l<ukdlre Tyqf.a wfmalI

a dj meyeÈ,sj ikakf
s õokh l< hq;h
= ' Tjqka úiska <Õd lr.;
l
on

,Õd lr.; hq;= wjYH;d ms<n

s |j idudkH ud¾f.damfoaYlhla iemhsh hq;h
= '
• fláfhka i|yka lrkafka kï mejÍfï l%shdj,sh m<uq mshjr iydhlhkag ld¾hh
mejÍuhs'

2' ld¾hh bgq lsÍug wêldÍ n,h mejÍu

• mejÍfï l%shdj,sfha fojk mshjr jkafka ;u iyhlhska fj; mjrkakd úiska wêldÍ
n,h ,nd §uhs'
• wêldÍ n,h mjrk ,o ld¾hh bgq lsÍug yelsjk uÜgñka mejßh hq;h
= '
• ld¾hh iuÕ wjYH wêldÍ n,h fkdmejÍu ld¾hhka bgq lsÍug úYd, ndOdjla fjhs'
• fláfhka olajkafka kï iydhlhdg mjrk ,o ld¾hhg .e,fmk wêldÍ n,hla ,ndÈh
hq;=h'

13
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
3' mejreu Ndr.ekSu
• fuu mejÍfï l%h
s dj,sfha ;=kj
a eks mshjr hhs' fuys§ iydhlhd mejreï ,nkakd úiska
m<uq mshjf¾ § Tyqg mjrk ,o ld¾hh yd ta iuÕ fojk mshjf¾ § ,ndÿka wêldß
n,hka ms<.
s ekSu fyda m%;l
s afIam lsÍu l< yel'
• mejreï ,nkakd m%;slf
a Iam l<fyd;a mjrkakdg mejÍfï kj ie,iqula ieliSug fyda
mejreu Ndr.kakd fyda ndr .ekSug leu;s iydhlhl= ms<sn| i<ld ne,Sula l< yelsh'
• wfkla w;g m<uq mejreu ,nkakd wêldß n,h iu. mejreu ms<.
s kafka kï mejÍfï
l%h
s dj,sfha y;rjk yd wjidk mshjr lrd .uka lsÍug yels fõ'

4' ne£u$ j.ùu$ j.lSu ks¾udKh

• wêldÍ n,h mejÍfï y;rjk mshjf¾§ ,nd§ we;s wêldÍ n,h Ndú;d lrñka
iydhlhska úiska ,nd ÿka ld¾hh ;Dma;su;a wdldrhg bgq lsÍu i|yd ,eÈhdjla yd

lk
ne£ula ks¾udKh lsÍu isÿfõ'
• iydhlhd ,ndÿka ld¾hh yd wêldÍ n,h ms<.
s kakd úg ne£u ks¾udKh fõ' Tyq ;ukag

g.
,ndfok ,o wêldÍ n,h Ndú;fhka ,ndÿka ld¾hh bgq l< hq;=h'
•
in
iydhlhd o Tyqg mejrE ld¾hh bgq lsÍug j.lSug$ j.ùug nef|hs' Tyqg mjrk ,o
ld¾hh iïnkaO ld¾hidOkh fjkqfjka Tyq m%Odkshdg ms<s;r
= e iemhsh hq;h
= '
nt
• mjrkakd Tyqf.a m%Odkshd$ ixúOdkhg j.lsjhq;= neúka wjYH wjia:dj,§ yd ia:dk j,§
ou

;u iydhlhka g Wmldr l< hq;h

= '

n,;, mejÍfï jdis yd jeo.;alu

cc

by; i|yka lr we;s mejÍfï wruqKq bgqlr .ekSu ;=<ska wdh;khlg <Õd lr.; yels jdis
ea

lsym
s wdldrhlg meyeÈ,s l< yel'

1' iM,odhs l<ukdlrKh

in

• mejÍu u.ska l<ukdlrejka ;u ffoksl jev iydhlhkag mjrhs' tu ksid Tjqkg

a
l

jeo.;a lreKq i,ld ne,Sug jeä ld,hla ,efí'

on

• fuh Tjqkg
a kj jHdmdßl wjia:d .fõIKhkag yd jvd;a ldrHlaIhlaIu yd iM,odhS
ùug WmldÍ fõ'
2' fiajl ixj¾Okh
• l<ukdlrK l%h
s dj,sfha § ld¾hh fiajlhkag mjrkq ,nhs' fuh Tjqkf
a .a olaI;d
Ndú;hg yd w;aoelSï jeä lr.ekSug wjia:djla i,ihs'
• th Tjqkg
a jvd fyd| kdhlhska yd ;SrK .kakka ìys lsÍug WmldÍ fõ' tf,iu mejÍu
;=,ska wkd.; fyd| l<ukdlrejka iQodkï lsÍula o isÿ fõ'
3' fiajl wNsfma%rKh
• m%Odkshl= j.lSula iydhlhl= g mjrk úg th yqfola jev fnod .ekSula muKla fkdj
úYajdih fnod.ekSula o fõ'

14
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
 • fuh iydhlhskf
a .a ne£u yd lemùu f.dvke.Sug WmldÍ fjhs' th Tyqf.a wd;au Yla;h
s
jeä lrk w;r ld¾h idOkh jeä lsÍugo fya;= fõ'
4' jHdmdr j¾Okhg myiqlï iemhSu
• j.lSu yd wêldÍ n,h mjrk w;ru l<ukdlrejka ;u fiajlhkaf.a iqÿiqlï yd
yelshdjka ms,n
s |j ie,lsh hq;h
= '
• fuu jev fn§u yd úfYaISlrKh ;=<k
s a kj jHdmdr msyg
s qùfï§ yd jHdmdr m%idrKfha §
kdhl;ajh .ekSug yels Y%u n,ldhla ilia lsÍug wjia:dj ,efí'
5' l,ukdlrK OQrdj,sfha moku ilia lsÍug yelsùu
• mejÍu fiajlhka w;r wêldÍ n,h yd j.lSï w;r iïnkaO;djhka ia:dms; lsÍu i|yd
WmldÍ fõ'
• ljqre ldyg jd¾;d l< hq;= o hk j. ;SrKh lrkqfha wêldÍ n,h ,eî we;s ;ru yd
th ;k;=re w;r fn§ f.dia we;s wdldrh wkqjhs'

lk
• tfiau fuu.ska hï /lshd ;k;=rlg wod,j n,h Ndú; lrk wdldrh ms<n
s |j úia;r

g.
lrkq ,nhs'
6' jvd fyd| iïnkaëlrKh
• in
ixúOdkhl úúO /lshd ;k;=re j,g wod,j n,h" rdcldß yd ms<s;=re iemhSfï
nt
wjYH;djh hk oE ks¾jpkhg wêldÍ n,h j.lSu yd j.ùu WmldÍ fõ'
ou

• fuu W;aidyh w;sÉfþokh yd oaúlrKh u. yßk w;ru l<ukdlrK Y%;

S hka yd
fomd¾;fïka;= w;r iïnkaëlrKh mj;ajd .ekSug WmldÍ fõ'
cc
ea
l in
on

15
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
iM,odhs f,i wêldÍ n,h mejÍug we;s ndOd
mejÍu i|yd ioyd mj;sk ndOl fyda wjysr;d fndfydauhla we;s jkafka l<ukdlrejka yd
fiajlhka hk fomd¾Yjhu ;=<k
s 's tu ksid fujeks ndOl l<ukdlref.a md¾Yajfhka yd fiajl
md¾Yjfhka we;sjk ndOdjka f,i m%Odk j¾.SlrKhla isÿ l< yel'

n,h mejÍug l<ukdlref.ka $ m%OdkSka $ mjrkakkaf.ka we;sjk ndOd

1' l<ukdlrejka wêldÍ n,h mejÍug olajk wlue;a;

• we;eï m%OdkSk$a l<ukdlrejka ;uka úisku
a ld¾hh yir jkúg§ jvd fyd¢ka ld¾hh
bgq l< yels nj is;Sug fm<fò' u
• g ld¾h jvd fyd¢ka bgq l< yelsh hk m%Odkshdf.a md¾Yjfha wdl,amh mejÍug
ndOdjls'
• wd{dodhl yd n,h woyk we;eï l<ukdlrejka mejÍu ;=,ska ixúOdkh flfrys

lk
;ukag l< yels n,mEï wvqjk njg úYajdi lrhs'

g.
• úúO yelshdjka iys; iyhlfhl= g wêldÍ n,h fnodyeÍu u.ska Tyq blaukska
l<ukdlreg jvd lemS fmkS Wiiaùï ,nd.; yels nj l<ukdlrejl= is;sh yel' tu

in
ksid Tjqka n,h mejÍug wleue;a;la oelaúh yelsh'
nt
2' ;rÕldÍ;ajhg mj;sk ìh
•
ou

yelshdjka j,ska iukaú; iydhlhl= g wêldÍ n,h fnodyeÍu u.ska Tyq blaukska
l<ukdlreg jvd lemS fmfkkq we;ehs l<ukdlrejl= is;h
s yel' iydhlhdf.a
úYsIg
a ;ajhg mj;sk ìh o n,h fnod yeÍu i|yd n,mE yel'
cc

3' iydhlhka ms<sn| we;s úYajdifhys u|nj

ea

• iydhlhkag .eg¿ yeisrùug yd ;SrK .ekSug yelshdjla fkdue;s nj l<ukdlreg

yef.kafka kï l,uKdlrejka wêldß n,h mejÍug ue,s fj;s'
in

• iydhlhkaf.a l%h
s d ms<sn| md,kh .s,f
s ya hehs ìh o wêldß n,h mejÍug ndOdjls'
fuhg wu;rj fiajlhskf
a .a mqo.
a ,sl ÿ¾j,;d ms<sn| we;sjk ìh o mejÍug we;s
l
on

ndOdjls'
4' fufyhùug we;s yelshdfõ u|lu
• we;eï wjia:dj, l<ukdlrejkag iydhlhkaf.a m%h;akhka fufyhùfï§ wmyiq;d j,g
uqyK
q §ug isÿ úh yel'
• l=ula ksido h;a Tyqf.a È.= ld,Sk ie,iqï yd jevigyka j, w;HjYH wx. y÷kd
.ekSug yd ikakf
s õokhg Tyq i;=j mj;akd yelshdj wju ùuhs'

16
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
5' meñfKk .eg¨ ms<sn| wk;=re wÕjk md,khka fkd;sîu
• ixúOdkhla úiska wkd.;fha we;súh yels .eg¨ l,a;shd y÷kd .ekSug md,k Ys,am
l%uhla f.dvkÕd fkdue;s úh yel'
• fuh lsym
s fofkl= w; n,h flakaø.; ùu ksid isÿ úh yel' tys m%;M
s ,hla f,i
l<ukdlrejka n,h mejÍu iSud lrhs'
6' l<ukdlref.a .;dkq.;sl nj yd mÍlaIdldÍ iajNdjh
• l<ukdlrefjl= .;dkq.;sl nj yd mÍlaIdldÍ núka iys; kï tys § n,h mejÍu
flfrys ufkdauh jYfhka ndOlhla we;sfjhs'
• Tyq Wmfoia meyeÈ,sj ,nd ÿkako iydhlhska úYajdiodhl jqjo hula jerÈ úh yelsh
hk is;ú
= ,a, u; l<ukdlrejka n,h mejÍfuka je<lS isà'
7' iydhlhka hg;a lr .ekSug we;s leue;a;
• idudkHfhka l<ukdlrejka Tjqka hgf;a l%shd lrk iydhlhska hg;a lr .ekSug

lk
leue;a;la olajhs'

g.
• n,h iyhlhska g fnod yeÍfuka ;u wdêm;H wvq jk nj Tjqkf
a .a yeÕSuhs'
• tf,i Tjqka ;u Wiia ;;a;j
in
a h u; n,h ;yjqre lr .ekSug;a ;u fiajlhka hg;a
lr.ksñka wjYH ld¾hhka bgqlr .ekSug;a fm,fUhs'
nt
• tys§ n,h mejÍula flfrys wjOdkh fhduq fkdlrhs'
ou

iydhl md¾Yjfhka we;s ndOd$wjysr;d ^iydhlhska n,h mejÍug úreoaO jkafka wehs@&
cc

1' ;SrK .ekSfï§ wêl f,i l<ukdlre u; hemSu

• m%Odkshd$ l<ukdlre úiska wêldÍ n,h fhdod yeÍug iQodkï jqj;a we;eï iydhlhska
ea

;u j.lSï u.yÍ' Tjqkg

a wjYH l<ukdlre úiska u .eg¨j yeisrùu yd ;SrK .ekSuhs'
• ;u ld¾hidOkh$ yelshdj ms<sn| úYajdihla fkdue;s iydhlhska úiska m%Odkshd ld¾hh
in

yd wêldßh n,h mejÍug leu;s jqj;a j.lSï j,ska bj;aj isàug ksrka;rfhka W;aidy
l

lrhs'
on

2' úfõpk j,g ìh ùu

• iydhlhka wêldÍ n,h ms<s.ekSug wlue;a; m%ldY lrhs' ulaki
s do h;a jerÈul§
úfõpkhg ìh ksidh'
• Tjqka w;ska jrola jqjfyd;a wka wh úfõpkh lr;ehs Tjqka ìh fj;s' ;u m%Odkshd
fjkqfjka ;uka ì,s jkafka l=ulgo hkak jeks woyi tjeks iydhlhka ;=< mj;S'
3' f;dr;=re j, ysÕlu
• iydhlhka ;ukag mejfrk ld¾hh bgq lsÍug wjYH f;dr;=re Tyqg fkdmj;sk nj
okakd wjia:dj, kj mejreï Ndr .ekSug ue,s fj;s'
• mjrk ,o ld¾hh yd wêldÍ n,h Ndr .ekSug miqng jkafka Tjqkg
a ld¾hh bgq lsÍug
wju f;dr;=re mj;sk nj yefÕk úg §h'

17
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
4' Okd;aul Èß.ekaùï j, ysÕlu
• iydhlhskf
a .a Yla;h
s f.dvke.Sfuys,d ld¾hh we.hSu yd ms<.
s ekSu jeks Okd;aul
Èß.ekaùï jeo.;a fõ'
• ms<s.ekSu" w.h lsÍu fyda uQ,H m%;,
s dN jeks m%;s,dN fkdue;slu ksid iydhlhka
wêldßh n,h mejÍu ms<s.ekSug iQodkï fkdúh yel'
5' wd;au úYajdih fkdue;s ùu
• ;ukag blauka yd ksjerÈ ;SrK .ekSfï yelshdj ms<n
s | wd;au úYajdifhys uo njla
iydhlhska ;=< mej;sh yel'
• wd;au úYajdih uolu ksid Tyq kj wNsfhda.d;aul ld¾hhka Ndr .ekSug leue;a;la
fkdolajhs'
• tys§ iyhl md¾Yjfha mj;sk fuu wd;au úYajdih uo nj wêldÍ n,h mejÍu flfrys
ndOl we;s lrhs'

lk
6' ;SrK .ekSfï wmyiq;d

g.
• iydhlhkag yÈis yd ksjerÈ ;SrK .ekSug wjYH ksmK
q ;d yd w;aoelSï fkd;sìh yel'

• fujeks udkisl ;;a;j in

Tyq ;u m%Odkshd fj; f.dia Tyqf.a uÕ fmkaùu yd u;hka úuiSug leue;a;la olajhs'
a hka wêldß;ajh mejÍu ms<sfkd.ekSug fya;= fõ' iydhlhka
nt
tjeks udkisl wd;;shla fyda ySkudkhla ksid mejreï u. yß'
ou

7' ÿ¾j, m%OdkS - iyhl in|;d

• m%Odkshd yd iydhlhd w;r ñ;%Y,
S S in|;djla fkdue;s ùu wêldÍ n,h mejÍfï
cc

l%h
s dj,sh wjysr lrhs'
• m%Odkshd iyhlhd ms<sn| ñ;%Y,
S S fkdù úreoaO wdl,am oeÍu u.ska iydhlhdg mjrk ,o
ea

ld¾hh lsÍug fkdyels jk whqßka kqiqÿiq ueÈy;a ùula isÿ úh yel'

• iyhlhkaf.a fyd| ld¾hhla jqjo m%Odkshd w.h fkdlr isáh yel' fujeks ;;a;j
a hka
in

;=<k
s a n,h mejÍu ms<sn| whym;a wdl,am iydhlhka ;=< we;s lrjhs' fï ksid Tyq
l

n,h mjrk úg tajd uÕ yß'

on

8' m%Odkshdf.a kqiqÿiq ueÈy;a ùï

• m%odkhla iydhlhkag mjrk ,o ld¾hhka g ueÈy;a fkdúh hq;h
= ' Tyq úiska wod< wod<
wjia:djkay§
s ud¾f.damfoaYkhla ,ndÈh hq;=h'
• we;eï m%OdkSka ;ud iydhlhkaf.a ld¾hhg ueÈy;a jk w;ru ks;r ks;r Tyq md,kh
lsÍugo W;aidy orhs'
• ffk;sl ksoyi fkdue;s úg iydhlhka iEuúgu n,h mejÍfï l%shdj,sfha /£ isàug
wlue;a;la olajhs'
9' ksrdjrKhg we;s ìh
• we;eï iydhlhkag ySkudkh mj;S' Tjqka is;k wdldrhg Tjqka i;=j wNsfhda.
Ndr.ekSug iSñ; jQ yelshdjka mj;sk w;r n,h mejÍu ksid th wka whg fy<sfõ'

18
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
 • Tjqkg
a kj .eg¨ iuÕ .kqfokq lsÍug we;s fkdyelshdj fnodyeÍu ;=<k
s a ksrdjrKh jk
nj Tjqkf
a .a woyihs fuu ìh n,h mejÍug ndOlhla f,i l%h
s d lrhs'

ixúOdk jHQyh yd fomd¾;fïka;=lrKh

ixúOdk jHqyh
• ixúOdklrK l%shdj,sfha m%;M
s ,h ixúOdk jHqyh hs' wdh;kh m%udKfhka yd
ixlS¾K;ajfhka j¾Okh jk úg m%udKj;a jHQyhla wjYH flf¾'
• úúO fiajlhkaf.a /lshd ;;a;j
a h" wêldÍ n,h yd j.lSu meyeÈ,sj ks¾jpkh lrhs'
• ixúOdk jHqyh úúO uÜgï j, /lshd ;;a;j
a hka" j.lSï yd wêldÍ n,h cd,hla f,i
ks¾jpkh l< yel' tu ksid fuh l<ukdlrejka ixúOdkfha idudðlhka w;r
l%h
s dldrlï fnodyeÍfï yd iïnkaëlrKh i|yd ilia lrk ,oaola fia ie,fla'
• ixúOdk jHqyh w;HjYH udOHhla jk w;ru jerÈ jHqyhla ksid jHdmdr ld¾hM, j,g

lk
nrm;< ndOlhla fyda úkdYh mjd isÿúh yels nj mSg¾ v%l¾ meyeÈ,sj mjid we;'

g.
fyd| jHqyhl m%;s,dN

in
fyd| ixúOdk jHqyhla wdh;kh ;=< mj;ajd .ekSu ;=<k
s a wdh;khlg my; m%;s,dN w;alr .;
nt
yel'
1' udkj yd fN!;sl iïm;a w;r iïnkaëlrKhg bv ie,iSu yd jHdmdr b,lal <Õd lr
ou

.ekSu i|yd bv ie,iSu'

2' th fufyhqï j, jvd fyd| md,khla yd iqug ikakf
s õok m%jdyhla we;s lsÍu'
cc

3' tu.ska ixúOdk Y%;

s hka w;r ukd iïnkaO;djhla we;s lrk w;ru mqo.
a ,hka yd
fomd¾;fïka;j
= , j.lSï iïnkaëlrKh lsÍu'
ea

4' tu.ska mqo.

a ,hkag j.ùula we;s lrk w;ru lKavdhï jev lsÍu ms<n
s | ;Dma;shla
fukau ne£ula we;s lsÍu'
in

ÿ¾j, ixúOdk jHqyhl .eg¨

l
on

1' fiajlhkaf.a Wkkaÿj wvq ùu'

2' jd¾;d lsÍfï oduh ms<n
s | wúksYÑ
a ;;dj
3' fiajlhka w;r .egqï by< hEu
4' l%h
s dldrlï w;r iïnkaëlrKh wju ùu'
5' mdßißl fjkiaùï j,g fiñka m%;p
s dr oelaùu'
6' iïm;a kdia;sh

19
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
md,k wjldYh

▪ md,k wjldYh fndfyda ÿrg ixúOdk jHqyh ks¾udKhg odhl;ajhla ,ndfoa' tla
iqmÍlaIljrhl=g iM,odhSj yeisrúh yels iydhlhska .Kk ñka woyia flf¾'
▪ fuu.ska jHqyfha mj;sk l<ukdlrK uÜgï .Kk ;SrKh fõ' md,k wjldYh my; lreKq
u; r|d mj;S'
1' l<ukdlrejkaf.a Odß;djh yd nqoê
a uÜgu
2' l<ukdlre fiajlhka ms<sn| we;s úYajdih
3' fiajlhska f.a nqoaê uÜgu
4' /lshdfõ iajNdjh ^ffoksl fyda úfYaIs; ld¾hhka isÿ l< hq;o
= hkak&

m%;sjHQy.;lrKh
ixúOdk m%;sjHQy.;lrKh hkq wdh;kh me;slvlska fyda me;slvhka lsym
s hlska m%;k
s ¾
s udKh

lk
lsÍfï l%h
s dj,shhs'

g.
ixúOdkhla m%;sjHQy.;lrKfha wruqKq

1' wdh;kh jvd ;r.ldÍ ia:dkhl msyg

s qùu
in
nt
2' wys;lr wd¾Ól ;;a;j
a hka hgf;a jqjo fj<|fmd, ;=< /£ isàu
3' wdh;kh iïmQ¾Kfhkau kj ÈYdjlg fhduq lsÍfï wjYH;djh
ou

m%;sjHQy.;lrKhg fya;= yd wdh;khg bka we;súh yels n,mEu

cc

1' wdh;khl ksuejqu yd wdh;kfha wfmalaIdjka iM,odhSj l<ukdlrKh lsÍug ;jÿrg;a

fkdyels wjia:djl
ea

• meje;s jHqyh Ndú;fhka wdh;khl ksuejqu yd wdh;kfha wfmalI

a djka iM,odhSj
in

l<ukdlrKh lsÍug ;jÿrg;a fkdyels wjia:djl idudkHfhka wdh;khl

m%;j
s HQy.;lrKh wjYH fõ'
l
on

2' jvd;a fyd| wdodhï w;alr §u i|yd

• we;eï úg we;eï fomd¾;fïka;= Wm iud.ï njg m;a lrñka jvd;a iM,odhs
l<ukdlrK wdlD;s ks¾udKh i|yd wdh;ksl m%;j
s HQy.;lrKh jeo.;a jk w;r
ixúOdkhg nÿ úrdu j, jdish w;a lr foñka wdh;khg ksIamdok l%h
s dj,sh u.ska jvd;a
fyd| wdodhï w;alr §u i|yd fuh m%fhdackj;a fjhs'
3' úYd, fjf<|fmd< fldgila w,a,d .ekSug
• fuu ;;ajh hgf;a m%;j
s HQy.;lrKh iud.fï j¾Okfha Okd;aul i,l=Kla f,i
ie,lsh yels w;ru idudkHfhka ixúOdk m%;sjHQy.;lrKh úYd, fjf<|fmd<
fldgila w,a,d .ekSug leu;s wdh;k fï i|yd jeä leue;a;la olajhs'

20
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
4' b;d wiSre wjia:djl fj<|fmdf,a /£ isàug
• flfia kuq;a úl=Kï
q nÿ jeàula" ukao.dó wd¾Ólhla fyda fmdÿfõ wd¾Ólh ms<sn|j
;djld,slj i,ld ne,Sula ksid idudkHfhka uQ,H m%;sjHQy.;lrKh isÿúh yel'
• fujekakla isÿ jk úg wdh;kh fuu lgql wjia:dfõ fufyhqï mj;ajd .ekSug uqo,a
kej; jHdmdrh fj; f.k f.kajd .ekSug isÿfõ'
• fomd¾;fïka;= fyda wxY bj;a lsÍu fyda tl;= lsÍu" j.lSï kej; we.hSu yd fiajl
uKav, bj;a lsÍu" iud.ug wh;a úúO myiqlï wkqj ksIamdok fjkia lsÍu u.ska
msßjeh wvqlr .ekSug W;aidy lrhs'
• fuu j¾.fha m%;sjHQy.;lrKhla wjYH jkafka b;d wiSre wjia:djl fj<|fmdf,a /£
isàug ñi fjf<|fmd< m%idrKh lsÍug fkdfõ'
5' ysñlrejka úiska w;am;a lr .ekSfï m%;sM,hla f,i
• iud.ula ;u ysñlrejka úiska w;am;a lr .ekSfï m%;M
s ,hla f,i wdh;ksl

lk
m%;j
s HQy.;lrKh isÿúh yel'

g.
• fuu w;am;a lr .ekSï wdh;khka ñ,g .ekSula" wdl%uKYS,S f,i w;am;a lr.ekSula"
md,k iud.fï mßmd,s; iud.ula f,i ;nd .ekSu;a jeks úúO wdldrfhka mej;sh yel'
• m%;j
in
s HQy.;lrK wdl%uKYS,S w;am;a lr .ekSula jk wjia:djka j,§ wdh;k fldgia
nt
lsÍula lr fyda foam< yd fjk;a j;alï úlsŒfuka ,dNh jeä lr .ekSug wdh;k
md,lhska l%shd lrhs'
ou

• fujeks m%;sjHQy.;lrKhla ksid fmr mej;s yelshdfjka u ld¾hhla bgq l< fkdyels
jk w;r wjidkfha b;sß jkafka idudkH ld¾hhla mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd WmldÍ jk
cc

l=vd tallhlska lsym

s hla mu‚'
ea

idudkHfhka m%;j
s HQy.;lrKh hkafkka woyia lrkqfha iud.ug fmr mßÈu ld¾hhla
mj;ajdf.k hdug wjldY ie,iSuhs' wdh;khl md,lhska úiska tys l%h
s dldÍ;ajh úkdY lr
in

kshu jHqyfhka msg l%shdlrk wjia:djl jqjo .ekqïlrejl= g th ñ,§ f.k kej; h:d ;;ajhg
l

f.k ,dN Wmhk ;;a;j

a hlg mßj¾;kh l< yel'
on

ixúOdkhla m%;j
s HQy.;lrKhg mK fmdjkafka tu ixúOdk jHqyfha isÿjk fjkiaùï h' fuys
m%;M
s ,hla f,i l<ukdlrK ffY,sh fjkia ùula" ;SrK .ekSfï fjkia ùula fyda f;dr;=re .,d
hEfï fjkia ùula isÿúh yel' wfkl=;a wjia:djkaj,§ o wdh;khl m%Odk úOdhl ks,Odß úiska
m%;j
s HQy.;lrKhg uq, msrejo wdh;khl isák ish¨u uÜgfï fiajlhskf
a .ka fï i|yd
odhl;ajh iy iyfhda.h ,eìh hq;=h'

21
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
ixúOdkhla m%;sjHQy.; lsÍu ;=<ska n,mEï t,a,jk idOl

1' ixúOdk ixialD;sh - ixúOdkfha OQrdj,s yd jd¾;d uÜgï j, fjkiaùï wdh;kfha

jeo.;a wxYhla jk ixialD;shg n,mEï lrhs'
2' ixúOdk uOH.;lrKh yd úuOH.;lrKh - Wmdh ud¾. iM,odhSj l%h
s d;aul ùu i|yd
Y%S;hka fyda ixúOdk tallhka uOH.;lrKh fyda úuOH.;lrKh l< yel' jd¾;d uÜgï
yd OQrdj,sh fjkiaùï wkqj ;SrK .ekSfï iajNdjh o fuys§ fjkia fõ'
3' udkj iïm;a m%;sm;a;sj, fjkiaùï - iud.fï fjkiaùï j,g wkql,
+ ùu i|yd udkj
iïm;a m%;m
s ;a;so fjkiaúh hq;=h' fuys§ fjkiaùï l<ukdlrKh iM,odhSj fhdod .ekSug
b;d jeo.;a fõ'
4' mqyK
q qùï yd m%;i
s a:dmkh - ld¾huKav, mqyK
q qj ms<n
s |j oekqj;a lsÍu yd ta ms<n
s |j
ikakf
s õokh lsÍu ;=<k
s a fjkia jk mßirhg jvd fyd¢ka uqyK
q §u i|yd jHdmdr ukd

lk
f,i yeisrùfï yelshdj fukau bvm%ia:dj o ,nd Èh hq;=h'

g.
5' f.ùï jHqyh ;d¾lsllrKh - fiajlhskg
a f.ùï isÿùfï§ wNHka;r yd ndysr mßirfha
iudk;ajh we;sfjk mßÈ jHqyh fjkia l, hq;= fõ'

in
ixúOdk m%;sjHQy.;lrKfha wjYH;dj fmkakqï lrk ,laIK
nt
wdh;ksl l<ukdlrejkag my; ,laIK u; wdh;khl m%;j
s HQy.;lrKhla wjYH jkafka o
ou

hkak ;SrKh l< yel'

1' Y%u n,ld M,odhs;djh fjkia fkdjk úg fyda ÿ¾j, jk úg
cc

2' ixúOdkfha iuyr wxY i|yd ie,lsh hq;= ;rfï fiajl uKav,hla fkdisàu fyda
wjYH;djhg jvd isák úg
ea

3' ;dlaIKh fyda kfjda;m

a dok l%h
s dj,sh ;=<k
s a ld¾hh m%fõYh iy ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha
fjkialï isÿlsÍug wjYH jk úg
in

4' ixúOdkfha ikakf

s õokh úYajdiodhl fkdjk" taldnoaO fkdjk iy M,odhs fkdjk úg
l

5' wfmalaI;
s fyda mj;sk fufyhqï wjYH;dj,g <Õdùug kj ksmK
q ;d yd yelshdjka wjYH
on

úg
6' fiajlhska f.a udkisl Yla;h
s my< hk úg
7' ie,lsh hq;= f,i ld¾h uKav, by< hdu fyda wju ùula wfmalaId lrk úg
8' fiajl r|jd .ekSu yd Y%u msßjegqu ie,lsh hq;= uÜgfï .eg¨jla jk úg
9' m%;M
s , i|yd jk j.lSu meyeÈ,sj ikakf
s õokh fkdjk úg yd mlaImd;S yd úIhdkqnoaO
we.hSï ld¾h idOkhla uekSu wjYH jk úg

22
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
m%;sjHQy.;lrKfha jdis

1' wju msßjeh

• m%;j
s HQy.;lrKh jHdmdrfha m%udKh l=vd lsÍug fya;= jkafka kï fufyhqï msßjeh wvq
fõ' ^jegqma yd fõ;k úhoï wvqùu& tfukau wNHka;r Y%uhg jvd fufyhqï
ndysÍlrKh$ ndysIf
a iajd¾:kh ;=<ska ;=,ska msßjeh wvq ùu'
2' jvd fyd| Wmdhud¾. ieliSu yd l%shd;aul lsÍu
• idudkHfhka m%;j
s HQy.;lrKh lrkq ,nkafka iM,odhs yd jvd fyd| ie,iqï l%shd;aul
lsÍug myiqlï iemhSu i|ydh' tu ksid m%;sjHQy.;lrKh kj Wmdh ud¾. iy tajd
id¾:lj l%h
s d;aul lsÍug u. fmkajhs'
3' by< mdßfNda.l
s ;Dma;sh
• m%;j
s HQy.;lrKh idudkHfhka mdßfNda.l
s ;Dma;sh flfrys jeä keUqrejla olajhs'

lk
kuHYS,S yd mq¿,a$me;,s jHqy mdßfNda.l
s wjYH;d flfrys jvd jvd;a ixfõ§ jk w;r

g.
mdßfNda.l
s hka flfrys jeä keUqrejla olajhs'
4' kj NdKav yd fiajd i|yd b;d fõ.j;a f,i fj<|fmd<g bÈßm;a lsÍu
•
in
ixúOdkhl m%;sjHQy.;lrKh ;=<ska kj fj<|m< wjia:d j¾Okh iy kj NdKav yd
nt
fiajd ;r.lrejkag m%:ufhka y÷kajd §ug wjia:dj Wod lrhs'
5' ndOdjka wju lsÍu ;=<ska by< M,odhs;dj yd ,dNodhs;j
a h
ou

• l<ukdlrK uÜgu bj;a l<fyd;a ikakf

s õok yd ;SrK .ekSu ksrka;rfhka j¾Okh
fõ' m%;j
s HQy.;lrK l%shdj,sh ;=<k
s a kj ;dlaIKh y÷kajd §u yd M,odhs;dfõ
cc

j¾Okhla we;s l< fyd;a th jHdmdrh ,dNodhs;ajh by< kexùug WmldÍ fõ'
ea

m%;sjHQy.;lrKfha wjdis
in

1' fiajl wúksYÑ

a ;;dj
• m%;j
s HQy.;lrKh yryd f.dv kÕkq ,nk kj l%h
s dj,sh /lshd iqrlaI;
s ;djhg
l
on

fld;rï ÿrg n,mdhso hkak ms<n

s |j ìhla yd mqÿuhla we;s lrjhs' we;eï olaI
fiajlhska kj /lshd wjia:d mjd fidhd .ekSug bv ;sfí' fuh j¾;udk ld¾hhkag
fiajlhka olajk wjOdkh wvq ùug fya;= fõ'
2' wdfhdaclhskaf.a m%;spdr
• iud.fï m%udKh" uQ,H yd uQ,dY%hka u; mokïj wdfhdaclhska úiska iDKd;aul m%;p
s dr
oelaúh yelsh' wdfhdack iïnkaO;d wdY%;
s j iud.ulg ;j ;j;a .eg¨ u;= lsÍug fuu
ldrKd fya;= fõ'
3' iud.u iïnkaO uyck m%;r
s Emh my< hEu
• iud.ï m%;sjHQy.;lrKfha § iud.u iïnkaO uyck m%;srEmh fjkia fõ'
m%;j
s HQy.;lrKh ;=<ska mdßfNda.l
s hska yd fmdÿ uyckhdg iud.fï wkd.;h ms<sn|j
m%Yk
a u;= lrhs' nyq;r msßila /lshd úrys;j isák r¿ wd¾Ól jgmsgdjla we;s

23
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
 wjia:djl wdh;khla Tjqkf
a .a ld¾h uKav,h wvq lrhs kï ta ;=<ska ck;dj úYd, f,i
wjodkulg ,la lrhs'
4' j;alï wysñùu
• m%;j
s HQy.;lrKh fya;f
= jka iud.fï m%udKfhka l=vd lsÍula" Y%un,ldh" myiqlï yd
ksIamdok fm< wvq lsÍula isÿfõ' fuh iud.ul isák w;aoelSï nyq, yd ksmK
q ;d iys;
fiajlhka wysñ ùug;a tu fiajlhka i;=j iud.fï úfYaI jHdmD;s i|yd we;s oekqu
wysñ ùug fya;= fõ'

m%;sjHQy.;lrK Wmdhud¾.

ixúOdk m%;sjHQy.;lrKh ixúOdk ieleiafuys fjkila we;s lsÍu yd iïnkaO fõ' j.lSu"
wêldß n,fha m%jdyh yd ixúOdkh ;=< f;dr;=re yqjudre ùfï l%uh flfrys n,mEula we;s
lsÍug fuu fjkialï n,mdhs my; oelafjk m%;j
s HQy.;lrK m%fõYhka iud.ï úiska fmdÿfõ

lk
l%h
s d;aul lrkq ,nhs'

g.
1' m%udKh wvq lsÍu (Downsizing)  ixúOdkfha ld¾hlaIu;dj jeä lsÍu i|yd Y%u n,ldh

2'
wvqlÍ
s u" jev wvqlÍ
in
s u yd moaO;s bj;a lsÍu isÿl, yel'
l<ukdlrK ia:rhka bj;a lsÍu (De-layering)  fuh idïm%odhsl msróv jHqyh m<,a$ me;,s
nt
ixúOdk jHqyhla njg m;a lsÍug fya;= fõ' fuys m%Odk wruqK jkafka M,odhs;djfhka f;dr
ou

by< f.ùï lrk úOdhl uÜgfï fukau by< ia:rhka j, fiajfha ksh;
q = ld¾huKav,h
bj;a lsÍuhs'
cc

3' isria.;lrKh (Verticalization)  fuh kQ;k m%;j

s HQy.;lrKh m%jK;djhls' fuu
m%;j
s HQy.;lrKh u.ska jHdmdr j,g hï lafIa;h
% lg wod< ksIamdok yd fiajd jvd;a iqÿiq
ea

wdldrhg ilia lsÍug wjldY i,ihs'

4' w:;HlrKh (Virtualization)  fuu Wmdhud¾.h u.ska fiajlhka ld¾hd,fhka msg;
in

mdßfNda.l
s hkag jvd;a myiq jk ia:dkj, ;u fiajd iemhSu flfrys fiajlhska keUqre
l

lrjhs' fï i|yd ;dlaIKh hdj;ald,Sk lrùu yd ñksiqka rys; w;;H ld¾hd, ^virtual
on

office& msyg
s qùula isÿ l< hq;= fõ'
5' fomd¾;fïka;=lrK moku fjkia lsÍu (Changing the base of departmentalization)  fuu
Wmdhud¾.h u.ska mßirhg yd ixúOdkfha Wmdh ud¾. j,g .e,fmk f,i fomd¾;fïka;=
moku fjkia lrhs'
6' lKavdhï jHqyh (Team based structuring) fuu Wmdhud¾.h mqo.
a ,hskg
a j.lSu mejÍug
jvd lKavdhulg j.lSu mejÍfuka /lshd N+ñld fjkia lsÍu yd iïnkaO fõ'

24
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
 jHdmdr l%shdj,s m%;sbxðfkarelrKh ^Business Process Re-engineering&
• jHdmdr l%shdj,s m%;b
s xðfkarelrKh ixúOdkhl jHQyfha yd jHdmdr mßirfha l%h
s dj,sfhka
j, fjkiaùï yd iïnkaO fõ'
• fuu.ska iïmq¾K ixúOdkfha úYd,;ajh;a" ;dlaIKh yd udkj iïm;a fjkiaùï o isÿfõ'
tfukau ld¾hd, iajhxl%ShlrKh we;slÍ
s u" jHdmdrhg úúO ia:dkj, isg l%shd lsÍug
wjia:dj ,nd§u" ksIm
a dÈ;fha kuHYS,S;j
a h we;s lsÍu" mdßfNda.l
s hdg blaukska NdKav ,nd
§ug wjldY ,nd §u yd blauka fukau f,aLk rys; .Kqfokq j,g iydh oelaùu yryd
m%;b
s xðfkarelrK l%h
s dj,sh úYd, ld¾hNdrhla bgq lrhs'
• idudkHfhka th ld¾hlaIu yd iM,odhs wdldrfhka ld¾hh lsÍug wjYH jk mßÈ fjkialï
isÿ lsÍug bv m%ia:dj we;slrhs'
• úYd, mdßißl fjkia ùï ;=<k
s a ixúOdkhlg fjkia ùfï wjYH;dj fmkajd fohs' tys§
iïmQ¾K l%shdj,sh" ixúOdk jd;djrKh yd ixúOdk jHqyh fjkia fõ' jHdmdr l%h
s dj,s

lk
m%;b
s xðfkarelrKh hk moh miq.h
s jir lsym
s h mqrd l;dnyg ,lajQ ud;Dldj ls' tys

g.
m%;M
s ,hla f,i fndfyda fokd jHdmdr m%;sbxðfkarelrKh bf.kSug" ie,iqï lsÍug yd
id¾:lj l%h
s d l%h
s d;aul lsÍug jEhï lrhs' kuq;a fuh ;u jHdmdr ixúOdkhg muKla

in
iSudfõ' yeu¾ yd peïmsg ^Hammer and Champy" 1993& wkqj jHdmdr l%shdj,s
nt
m%;b
s xðfkarelrKh my; mßÈ ks¾jpkh lr we;'
ou

—msßjeh" .=K;ajh" fiajd yd fõ.h hk ixlS¾K fukau kQ;k ld¾h idOk ñkqï j, ie,lsh hq;=
j¾Okhla we;s lr .ekSu i|yd jHdmdßl l%h
s dj,ska ms<n
s |j uQ,l
s jYfhka kej; is;d ne,Su yd
cc

tajd m%;k
s ¾
s udK hhs'˜

jHdmdr m%;sbxðfkarelrKfha ,laIK

ea

1' /lshd lsym

s hla tlg tla lsÍu'
in

2' ;SrK .ekSu fiajlhkaf.a /lshdfõ fldgila njg m;aùu' ^fiajl iún, .ekaùu&
3' l%h
s dj,sfha wÈhr iajNdúl ms,f
s j,lg isÿ lsÍu yd ld¾h lsym
s hla tljr bgq lsÍu'
l
on

4' l%h
s dj,ska úúO iajrEmfhka hq;= ùu' fuu.ska uyd mßudK ksIamdok u.ska mßudKql,
+ M,
Yla;su;a lrk w;r u NdKav yd fiajd mdßfNda.l
s wjYH;dj wkqj ksmojhs'
5' ld¾hh jvd;a u .e<fmk wjia:dfõ§ bgq lsÍu'
6' w.h tl;= fkdlrk ld¾hhka wju lsÍu" md,kh lsÍu yd mÍlaIdjka isÿ lsÍu'
7' ndysr iïnkaO;d ,laIhka wju lsÍu yd fjk;a wdh;k iuÕ iïuq;s we;slr .ekSu ;=<k
s a
ndysr md¾Yjhka iuÕ isÿúh hq;= iudodkhka wvqùu'
8' tla iïnkaO;d tallhla mdßfNda.l
s hkag ,nd §u'
9' fufyhqï lghq;= j, § uOH.;lrKh yd úuOH.;lrKfha iïñY%Khla Ndú; lsÍu'

25
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
jHdmdr m%;sbxðfkarelrKfha jdis

1' fuh mdßfNda.l

s wjYH;d jgd flakø
a .; ù we;s w;r jHdmdrhg we;s wjOdkh ksjerÈj
,nd§ug WmldÍ ùu'
2' ixúOdkhg msßjeh jdis ,nd fok w;r jHdmdrfha ;r.ldÍ ;;a;ajh k.d isgqùug
iydhùu'
3' l%h
s dj isÿ jkafka flfiao l%h
s dj,sh ÈhqKq l< yelafla flfiao jeks m%Odk m%Yak úuiSu
u.ska fufyhqï l%shdj,sfha È.=ld,Sk Wmdhud¾. Èßu;a lrùug fuh WmldÍ ùu'
4' Y%S;l
S iSudjka ms<n
s |j oeä f,i is;Su ;=<k
s a fláld,Sk oelaula we;s lsÍu i|yd fuh
WmldÍ fõ' iuia; l%h
s dj,shg u wjOdkh fhduq lrñka uq¿ ixúOdkhg u n,mdk mßÈ
l%h
s dldrlï f.dvke.Su yd mqyK
q q lsÍu isÿ ùu'
5' wkjYH l%h
s dldrlï bj;alsÍfuka ixúOdkfha ixlS¾K;ajh wvq lsÍug fuh WmldÍ ùu'

lk
m%;sbxðfkarelrKfha wjdis

g.
1' Ndú;fha mj;akd l%shdjka j, iq¿ j¾Okhla i|yd fuh Ndú; jk njg jerÈ oelaula
we;' i;H jYfhka .;a l< fuh úma,jldÍ m%fõYhla ;=<k
s a mj;sk l%ufõohka mj;sk

in
wdldrhgu isÿ lsÍu jeo.;a jkafkao hkak fidhd ne,Sula úh hq;=h'
nt
2' m%;l
s afIam lrk idudkHfhka ;ks iy ish,a,gu n,mdk mßÈ tljru msßjeh lmd ouk
l%h
s djla f,i o jerÈ jegySula we;' m%;sM,h msßjeh wju ùula jqjo fuys uQ,sl wjOdkh
ou

fhduq jkafka msßjeh lmamdÿjlg fkdfõ' fuh ish,a,gu n,mdk mßÈ tla jrla isÿ jk
fohla fkdj È.ska È.gu isÿjk l%h
s dj,shla f,i ie,fla' jerÈ ixl,amh ksid idudkHfhka
cc

fiajl uKav, idudðlhka w;r ìhla we;sjk w;r tu.ska Tjqkg

a ;u wdrlaIdj ms<n
s |j
;¾ckhla we;sjk njg yef.a'
ea

3' fuu m%;sbxðfkarelrKh i|yd l<ukdlrejkaf.a yd fiajl uKav,fha È.=ld,Sk lem

ùula fukau §¾> ld,hla jHdmdßl lghq;= lrf.k hdu i|yd oelaula wjYH fjhs' fuu
in

ld¾hh bgq lsÍu t;rï myiq fkdfõ' tfiau fndfyda jHdmdr ;u W;aidyh m%;sM,odhl
l

fkdjk úg iïmQ¾K woyi w;yer ouhs'

on

4' fndfyda wjia:dj, l%h

s dj,ska m%;k
s ¾
s udKh fkdlr tajd iajhxl%h
s lrKh lsÍu muKla isÿ
lrhs'
5' iuyr wjia:dj, iuia; l%h
s dj,sfhau wjYH;djh lem fldg tla fomd¾;fïka;j
= l
ld¾hlaIu;djh muKla ÈhqKq lrjhs' kuq;a fuu m%;sbxðfkarelrKh isÿ lsÍug kï by;
i|yka l< mßÈ ifudaOdksl l%h
s dj,Ska i|yd wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= fõ' tys§ mj;akd
l%h
s dj,ska bj;a lsÍula iy kj l%shdj,s ks¾udKh lsÍula isÿfõ'
6' we;eï iud.ï wNHka;r l%h
s dj,sh ÈhqKq lsÍug jeä wjOdkhla fhduq lrk w;r ta ksid
Tjqka ndysr ;r.lrejka fj<|fmd, ;=< isÿ lrkq ,nk l%h
s djka flfrys wjOdkh fhduq
fkdlrhs'

26
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
 ixúOdk jHqyh iy ixúOdk Wmdhud¾. w;r in|;dj
ixúOdkhl Wmdhud¾. hkq iuia: jHdmdrh i|yd jk tys ie,eiau jk w;r tu.ska ixúOdkh
tys m%Odk iïm;a Ndú; lrkafka flfiao hkak w¾: olajhs' fjk;a jpkj,ska lsjfyd;a
ixúOdkhl Wmdh ud¾. hkq ksYÑ
a ; b,lal lrd <Õdùu i|yd fiajdodhlhsk"a iemhqïlrejka
iy fjf<kaoka iuÕ hym;a in|;djhla fyda ia:djr;ajhla r|jd f.k isàu wruqKq lr.;a
l%h
s dldÍ ie,eiauls'

wfkla w;g ixúOdkhl jHqyh hkq ixúOdkfha ld¾hhka" wêldßh iy iïm;a fn§ we;s
wdldrh jk w;r ixúOdkfha wruqKq ld¾hlaIuj yd M,odhs f,i idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd
taldnoaO j fhdod we;s wdldrhhs'
tneúka ixúOdk jHqyh hkq wdh;khl wNHka;r ieleiauhs' fkdtfia kï wdh;ksl jHqyhla hkq
iud.ula ish OQrdj,sh .ek is;k wdldrh" ld¾h uKav,hg ld¾hhka mejÍu iy fmdÿ
b,lalhla imqrd .ekSu i|yd tys Y%u n,ldh iyfhda.fhka jev lrk nj iy;sl lsÍu i|yd

lk
Ndú; lrk fhÿuls'

g.
wdh;ksl Wmdhud¾. M,odhs f,i l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd ixúOdk Wmdhud¾. yd jHqyh w;r ksis
.e<mSula ;sìh hq;=h'

in
jHqyh hkq yqfola ixúOdk igykla fkdfõ' jHqyhla hkq ixúOdkhla ieliS we;s ish¨u
nt
mqoa.,hska" ;k;=re" l%shdmámdá" l%h
s dj,s" ixialD;sh" ;dlaIKh iy wod< wx.hkays tl;=jls'
ish¨u fldgia iy l%shdj,shka tlg l%h
s d l< hq;= wdldrh tu.ska w¾: olajhs'
ou

fuu jHqyh ixúOdkfha fufyjr yd wruqKq idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd jQ Wmdh ud¾. iuÕ
cc

uq¿uksku
a taldnoaO úh hq;h
= 'jHqyh Wmdh ud¾.hg iydh fõ' ixúOdkhla ish Wmdh ud¾.h
fjkia lrkafka kï kj Wmdh ud¾.hg iydh ùu i|yd tys jHqyh fjkia l< hq;=h' tfia
ea

fkdjk úg jHqyh wefok iq¨ ,Kqjla fuka l%shdlrk w;r ixúOdkh kej; tys mer‚ Wmdh
ud¾.h fj; weo ouhs'
in

Wmdhud¾.h jHqyh wkq.ukh lrk w;r ixúOdkh l%shd;aul lrk foh u.ska Wmdhud¾. w¾:
l

olajhs' Wmdh fjkia lsÍu hkq ixúOdkfha ish¨ fokdf.a l%h

s dldrlï fjkia lsÍuhs' ixúOdkhla
on

tys Wmdhud¾. yer tys jHqyh fjkia lrk úg" kj jHqyhg .e,fmk mßÈ Wmdh ud¾.h fjkia
ùu isÿfõ'

WodyrKhla f,i iud.u tla ksIamdokhla ms<n

s | úfYaI{;djhlska hql;
a kï th iud.fï
wdxYsl jHQyhla ukdj fhdod .ekSula njg m;afõ' wfkla w;g ixúOdkhl Wmdhud¾.
úúOdx.SlrKhg wjYH jkafka kï jvd;a M,odhs Wmdhud¾.h jkafka tla tla jHdmdr tall j,g
úfYaI{;djh ,efnk mßÈ wdxYsl jHQyhla we;s lsÍuhs'

my; oelafjk WodyrKh oelafjkafka ixúOdkhl Wmdhud¾.sl fjkialï wkqj wdh;ksl jHqyh
fjkia ùï isÿ jk wdldrhhs'

27
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
ysgdÑ iud.u
ysgdÑ iud.u cmdkfha úYd,;u yd jvd;au kjH;d iïmdokh lrk iud.ï j,ska tlls' tu
iud.u mß.Kl ksIm
a dokj,ska neyer kuq;a mß.Kl ;dlaIKh u; oeä f,i r|d mj;sk
jHdmdr j, tkï" mdßfNda.l
s bf,lafg%dksl WmlrK" úÿ,sn,d.dr" m%jdyk" ffjoH WmlrK
ksIamdokh iy úÿ,s ixfoaY fiajd hk wxYhkays jHdmdrj, ksr; fõ' tys uyd mßudKfha
úúOdx.SlrKh lsÍfï Wmdh ud¾.hla wkq.ukh lrk w;r m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Okh ixúOdkfha
uQ,l
s moku f,i msyg
s d lghq;= lrk ,§' ysgdÑ wdh;kfha wxY 28la we;' iEu wxYhlau ish
ksIamdok iajdëkj ie,iqï lsÍu" ixj¾Okh lsÍu iy wf,úlrKh i|yd iajdëkj j.lsj
hq;=h' fuu úuOH.; m%fõYh wdh;kfha wdxYsl taldnoaOlrKfha ,d oeä mSvkhla we;s lrhs'
ysgdÑ iud.u ish ridhkd.dr tlsfkl iïnkaO lsÍu i|yd taldnoaOlrK N+ñldjka" wdh;ksl
m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok úoHd.dr iy kùk úÿ,s ixfoaY cd, jeks mshjr /ila fhdod .kS' fï
iEu wdldrhlsku
a ysgdÑ iud.ug ;u m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok l=i,;d ish,a, wdh;kh fj;
,nd.ekSfï yelshdj jeä ÈhqKq lr we;s w;r ta yd iïnkaO úúOdx.SlrKh ms<sn| Wmdh

lk
ud¾.hka ksis jdis ,nd .kS' flfia fj;;a fuu Wmdhud¾.h wkq.ukh lsÍfï ks,;ka;j
% d§

g.
msßjeh b;d by< neúka m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok úoHd.dr 28 taldnoaO lsÍu i|yd úYd, uqo,la

Wmdh ud¾.fha m%;, in

yd ld,h jeh lrk ,§' flfia jqjo ysgdÑiud.u úiska wod< msßjeh úúOdx.SlrKh lsÍfï
s dN ,nd .ekSu i|yd fuu úhoï oeßfï úl,amh f;dardf.k we;' fuys§
nt
ysgdÑ iud.ug jeo.;a jkafka w.kdlï ks¾udKh lsÍfï yelshdj ;ud fj; È.= ld,Skj mj;ajd
ou

.ekSuhs'

ixúOdk ks¾udKhg n,mdk wjia:dkql+, idOl

cc

ia:dms; mrud¾: ,Õdlr .ekSu i|yd Wmdh ud¾. l%h

s d;aul lsÍug myiqlï iemhSu i|yd
ea

ish¨u ixúOdk j,g hï wdldrhl jHqyhla mj;S' tys§ wOHhkh l< hq;= wjia:dkql+, idOl
my; fldgfia fláfhka idlÉPd flf¾' l<ukdlrejka ixúOdk ks¾udKhg n,mdk fuu idOl
in

úYaf,aIKh yd f;areï .ekSu l<ukdlrejka i;= j.lSula jk w;r fuu idOl j,g .e,fmk
mßÈ ixúOdk jHQyhka ks¾udKh lrkq ,efí' tys§ fndfyda wjia:dkql,
+ idOl fuu ixúOdk
l
on

jHqyh flfrys n,mEjo bka iuyrla b;d jeo.;a fldg ie,fla'

• Wmdh ud¾.
;¾ldkql,
+ j .;a l, .;a l, jHqyhka Wmdhud¾. wkq.ukh lrhs' ulaki
s doh;a ixúOdk jHqyh
f.dvkÕkafka Wmdh ud¾. l%h
s d;aul lsÍu u.ska mrud¾: ,Õdlr .ekSu i|yd jk neúks' Wmdh
ud¾. fjkia jk úg jHqyh o fjkia úh hq;= fõ' wdh;ksl uÜgfï § wdh;kfha ksIaGdj yd
Wmdh ud¾.sl b,lal yd mrud¾: u; Wmdhud¾. ilikq ,nhs'

• mßirh
;SrK .ekSu flfrys mßirh n,mdhs' úfYaIfhkau wúksYÑ
a ; yd mqfrdal:k mqfrdal;kh l<
fkdyels mßirhka ixúOdkhl ;SrK .ekSug ndOd we;s lrhs' tfiau ixúOdkhl iM,odhs
l%h
s dldß;ajhS;ajhla i|yd ia:djr fyda mqfrdal:kh l< yels mßirhla Rcq n,mEula we;s lrhs'

28
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura
fõ.fhka fjkia jk ia:djr fkdjk mßirhla yd wvq mqfrdal:k yelshdjla we;s ùu ixúOdkh
fj; wjYH;d folla we;s lrhs'
1' ixúOdkhlg fjkiaùï j,g wkq.; úh yels úh hq;= ùu yd ta i|yd kuHYS,S;ajh yd
m%;p
s dr oelaùfï wjYH;djh ;sîu'
2' fomd¾;fïka;= w;r jvd fyd| iïnkaëlrKhla ixúOdkhlg wjYH ùu'

• ixúOdkfha m%udKh
ixúOdkhl jevlrk fiajdfhdaclhka ixLHdj ;=<k
s a Y%u úNckh" kS;s fr.=,dis" ld¾hM,
we.hSu yd l%shdmámdá wkqj úYd, ixúOdk l=vd ixúOdkj,ska jHqyd;aulj fjkia jk nj
ksÍlaIKh l< yels idOlhls'

• ixúOdkfha jhi
ld,h;a iuÕ ixúOdkhla iïu; moaO;s" l%h
s d mámdá yd fr.=,dis ia:dms; lr .kS' ñksiqka

lk
fukau ixúOdk o Ôjk pl%h mshjrhka wkqj Wm;" ;reKúh" ueÈúh yd mßK; úh f,i

g.
mßKduh fõ' uq,a mshjrfha§ ixúOdkh kS;s fr.=,dis j,ska f;drj jHjidhlhd úiska wúêu;aj
ks¾udKh lrhs' ;SrK .ekSu ysñlre iuÕ uOH.; jk w;r ld¾hhka úfYaISlrKh ù ke;'

in
ó<Õ wÈhr ixúOdkfha j¾Ok wÈhr hhs' tkï ;reK wjêh hs' th m%idrKh jk w;r
fiajlhska n|jd .ekSu isÿlrkq ,nhs' ta iu.u Y%u úNckh yd úêu;a kS;s yd m%;m
s ;a;s ia:dms;
nt
lrhs' ;SrK .ekSu ;jÿrg;a whs;l
s re b;d ióm lsym
s fofkl= iu. fnod .kS'
ou

ueÈúh wÈhf¾ § iud.u ;rula úYd, fõ' fuu wÈhf¾ § fiajlhkag u. fmkaùu i|yd mq¿,a
kS;"s fr.=,dis" m%;m
s ;a;s yd moaO;s mj;S' md,k moaO;s Ndú; fõ' jD;a;slhka nojd .kS'
cc

ld¾hhka úuOH.; lsÍu yd Y%S;Sl fomd¾;fïka;= w;r wêldÍ n,h fnod yßhs' tfiau mßK;
wÈhf¾ § kS;s fr.=,dis" úfYaISlrKh jQ ld¾h uKav," whjeh" Y=oO
a Y%u úNckh yd md,k
ea

moaO;s Ndú; lrhs' fuu ksid ixúOdkhl jhi fyda mßK; nj ixúOdk jHqyhla ks¾udKh
lsÍfï§ i,ld ne,sh hq;= idOlhls'
in

• ;dlaIKh
l
on

iEu ixúOdkhl u iïm;a ksuejqï njg mßj¾;kh lsÍfï§ hï wdldrhl ;dlaIKhla Ndú;d
lrhs' ;dlaIKhg fhojqï ksuejqï njg m;alrk oekqu" hka;"% jev l%h
s dmámdá yd wuqøjH wdÈh
we;=<;a fõ' NdKav ksIm
a dokh i|yd Ndú;d lrkq ,nk ;dlaIKh wkqj ksIm
a dok moaO;shla
i|yd wod< jk ixúOdk j¾.h ;SrKh lrhs'

• w;S; w;aoelSï yd ysñldÍ;aj rgd

ixúOdk b;sydih yd ysñlrejka iDcqju jHdmdrhg iïnkaO jkafka o hkak ixúOdk jHqyh
;SrKh ùug n,mEï we;s lrhs' fndfyda ;ks mqoa., ixúOdk j, uOH.; jHqyhla mj;sk w;r
yd jd¾;d lsÍfï in|;d ;ks mqoa.,hl= úiska ;SrKh lrkq ,nk m%jK;djla mj;S'

29
k§Y fldar<f.a - w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& jHdmdr wOHhk foaYl
B.Sc. Marketing Management (Sp.) - University of Sri Jayewardenepura