Prepared by:

FLEUR JAN NINA R. OLYMPIA

Teacher II
 Population parameters are usually unknown
fixed values. But, there is a way to determine
them.

1. Point Estimation
2. Interval estimate
 It is a specific numerical value of a
population parameter. The sample mean ẋ is the
best point estimate of the population mean.

It is a range of values that may contain the

parameter of a population.
 is also called

For example:
The age of a beginning grade 1 pupil is any value
between 6 years and 7 years
➢ 90% - It is the probability that
➢ 95% the interval estimate
➢ 99% contains the parameter
CONFIDENCE LEVEL Z-SCORE
90% ± 1.65
95% ± 1.96
99% ± 2.58
 The z-scores are also called confidence
coefficients or critical values.

The standard normal variable z is the test

statistic used to calculate the
interval boundaries.
 𝜎 𝜎
Ẋ - 1.96 ( ) to Ẋ + 1.96 ( )
𝑛 𝑛
Note: this is useful if the population standard
deviation is KNOWN.
 ➢The sum of the area to the left and right
of confidence interval.
𝑧𝛼 (𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑 zee sub alpha)
2
GENERAL FORMULA:
𝜎 𝜎
Ẋ- 𝑧𝛼 ( ) to Ẋ + 𝑧𝛼 ( )
2 𝑛 2 𝑛
GENERAL FORMULA:
𝜎 𝜎
Ẋ- 𝑧𝛼 ( ) to Ẋ + 𝑧𝛼 ( )
2 𝑛 2 𝑛
𝜎
The expression 𝑧𝛼 ( ) is called margin of error
2 𝑛
Therefore,
Ẋ - 𝐸 to Ẋ + E
𝜎
where, 𝐸 = 𝑧𝛼 ( )
2 𝑛
GENERAL FORMULA:
𝜎 𝜎
Ẋ- 𝑧𝛼 ( ) to Ẋ + 𝑧𝛼 ( )
2 𝑛 2 𝑛

For example:
Given Ẋ = 72, 𝜎=3 and n=120, find the
estimate of the population mean and
confidence interval using the 95%
confidence level.
Activity (Individual):
1. A sample of 60 Grade 9 students’ ages was
obtained to estimate the mean age of all grade 9
students. Ẋ = 15.3 years and the population
variance is 16.
a. What is the point estimate for 𝜇?
b. What is the 95% confidence interval for 𝜇?
c. What is the 99% confidence interval for 𝜇?
d. What conclusions can you make based on
each estimate?