CHEM 101 Worksheet, Chapter 3: Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions ANSWERS

Multiple choice questions: circle the correct answer(A-E)

Show your work questions (p. 2): show all work! Use the amu for each element from the periodic table!
NAVO = 6.02x1023
Also try the many examples and exercises in the lecture Notes for Chapter 3 and the problems in the
textbook!

1. Atom X has two isotopes: 25.0 wt% is 37X and 75.0% is 35X. What is the average molecular mass of
X?
A. 36.0 amu B. 72.0 amu C. 36.5 amu D. 35.5 amu E. 34.5 amu
We have to find the weighted average for the two isotopes: out of 100 atoms 25 are 37X and 75 are 35X,
So MMamu = (25x37+75x35)/100 = 35.5 Of course you already guessed the element is Cl, the actual amu =
35.453.
If you need to do the reverse calculation: e.g Li has two isotopes, 6Li and 7Li. Its average molar mass = 6.94
amu. What are the 5 6Li and 7Li? Then say out of 100 atoms X are 6Li and 100–X are 7Li. Therefore:
Xx6 + (100–X)x7 = 6.94 and solve for X!

2. The molecular mass (in amu) of ZnSO4.6H2O =

A.161.5 B. 179.5 C. 269.5 D. 53.5 E. 215.5
Simply add up all molecular masses, and include the 6 H2O.

3. How many atoms of Na in 5.10 moles of Na2CO3?

A.3.07x1023 B. 6.14x1024 C. 6.14x1023 1.84x1025 E. 10.2
1 mol Na =6.02x10 atoms and each mol Na2CO3 has 2 mol Na, so:
23

5.10 mol Na2CO3 x (2 mol Na/1 mol Na2CO3)x(6 .02x1023atoms Na/1 mol Na) = 6.14x1024 atoms Na
4. What is the mass in grams of 1.00x1012 atoms of lead, Pb?
A.3.44x10–10g B. 2.07x10114 g C. 1.25x1038 g D. 3.44x10–34 gE. 1.25x1014g
Follow the scheme: 1.00x1012 atoms Pbx(1 mol/6.02x1023atoms Pb)x(207.2 g Pb/1 mol Pb)

5. 0.200 mol Na2CO3 = ____ g; 4.24 g Na2CO3 = ____ moles

A. 530g, 449 mol B. 21.2g, 449 mol C. 530g, 0.051 mol D. 21.2g, 0.040 mol E. 16.6g, 0.051 mol
Again, follow the scheme: mol → g multiply by molar mass, g → mol divide by molar mass:
0.2 mol Na2CO3x106 g/mol 4.24 g Na2CO3x(1 mol/106 g)

6. The wt% composition in tin(IV)oxide is ____%Sn ____%O (Sn = tin, element # 50 )

A. 22%Sn, 78%O B. 88%Sn, 12%O C. 12%Sn, 88%O D. 94%Sn, 6%O E. 78%,Sn 22%O
Molar mass Sn = 116.7, O = 16.0. SnO2 (!) so %Sn = 116.7/(116.7 +2x16)x100% = 78%, O = 22%

7. A compound has the following wt% composition: 2.1% H, 65.3% O, 32.6% S. What is its empirical
formula?
A. H2SO4 B. H4S2O8 C. S4HO2 D. H2SO2 E. HO4S
mol H : mol O : mol S = 2.1/1 :65.3/16 : 32.6/32.1 = 2.1 : 4.08 : 1.02, divide by lowest number → 2.06 : 4.0 :
1 or close to H2SO4

8. How many gram Na in 5.00g Na2SO4?

A. 0.035 g B. 1.31 g C. 1.62 g D. 0.97 g E. 0.81 g
%Na = (46/142)x100% = 32.4% so in 5.00 g 0.324x5.00 = 1.62 g

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9. A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen has 85.7 wt% C and 14.3 wt% H. Its molar
mass is 56 g/mol. What is its molecular formula?
A. C4H8 B. C2H4 C. C2H D. CH2 E. CH
First find the empirical formula: 85.7/12 C : 14.3/1 H = 7.14 C : 14.3 H or CH2
Formula wt = 12 + 2 = 14, molar mass = 56 , 56/14 = 4x so C4H8 or butene (could also be methyl propene!)

10. Balance the following reactions. No fractional coefficients, coefficients must be the lowest whole
numbers.
a) 2K + 2H2O → 2KOH + 1H2 (or simply +H2 is OK too)
b) 2H2O2 → 2H2O + 1O2
c) 2C2H6 + 7O2 → 4CO2 + 6H2O (all coefficients must be whole numbers!)
d) 3KOH + 1H3PO4 → 1K3PO4 + 3H2O
e) 1C2H5OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O (don’t forget the O in C2H5OH !)

11. How many g of CO2 are formed from the combustion of 2.9 g of butane, C4H10 with excess oxygen?
The balanced reaction is: 2C4H10 + 10O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O
A. 0.26g B. 6.6g C. 8.8g D. 10.5g E. 2.2g
g → mol (x coeff ratio) → mol → g
Molar mass butane = 58 g/mol, so:
2.9 g butane(1 mol butane/58 g butane) x (8 mol CO2/2 mol butane)x(44 g CO2)/1 mol CO2

12. How many g I2 will react with 20.4 g Al to form AlI3 (aluminum iodide)? As always, first
balance the reaction! (Hint: this is not a limiting reagent problem)
A. 144. g B. 288. g C. 192. g D. 72. g E. 576 g
Balanced reaction: 2Al + 3I2 → 2AlI3
20.4 g Al x (1 mol Al/27.0 g Al) x (3 mol I2 / 2 mol Al) x 253.8 g I2 / 1 mol I2) = 288 g

13. For the balanced reaction: N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g). How many moles of NH3 will be
produced when 0.50 mol N2 reacts with 1.0 mol H2?
A. 0.67 mol B. 1.0 mol C. 0.50 mol D. 2.0 mol E. 3.0 mol
This is a limiting reagent problem, but we can work with moles only:
0.5 mol N2 would react with 3x0.5 = 1.5 mol H2. We have only 1.0 mol H2 therefore H2 is limiting, and we
will form 2/3 = 0.67 mol NH3.

14. Calculate the mass of CO2 formed when 4.6 g of ethanol, C2H5OH reacts with 3.2 g oxygen O2 to
form CO2 and H2O. (You balanced the reaction in 10.e)! This is a limiting reagent problem!
A. 4.6g B. 2.2g C. 4.4g D. 6.6g E. 2.93g
C2H5OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O
If C2H5OH limiting: 4.6 g x(1 mol/46g)x(2molCO2/1molC2H5OH)x44gCO2/1 molCO2) = 8.8g CO2
If O2 limiting: 3.2 g O2x(1molO2/32 gO2)x(2 mol CO2/3molO2)x44gCO2/1molCO2 = 2.93 g CO2
With the O2 we get less CO2 therefore O2 is limiting and 2.93 g CO2 will be formed.
On the next page are two “show your work” questions. On the exams “show your work questions” can
receive partial marks if you were able to do some part of the question correctly.

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 15. Chang 3.89. 6.00 kg calcium fluoride is reacted with excess sulfuric acid. The reaction yields
2.86 kg HF. Balanced reaction: CaF2 + H2SO4 → CaSO4 + 2HF
Calculate the % yield of the reaction.

6.00 kg = 6000 g CaF2

First we calculate the “theoretical yield” in the usual way:
6000x103 gCaF2x(1molCaF2/78.1 g CaF2)x(2molHF/1molCaF2)x(20gHF/1molHF) = 3073 g HF, but we
can have only three significant figures in the answer (because 6.00 kg), therefore 3.07 kg HF. This is the
“theoretical yield”.
In fact, we only obtained 2.86 kg HF.
% yield = actual yield/theoretical yield, therefore: %yield = (2.86/3.07)x100% = 93.2%

16. Chang 3.86 (but changed from Chang's version). 48.2 g HCl is added to 74.7 g MnO2. The
balanced reaction is: MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2 H2O

a) How much (g) Cl2 can be produced?

Again a limiting reagent problem, so we do the calculation first for MnO2, then for HCl.

74.7gMnO2x(1molMnO2/86.9gMnO2)x(1molCl2/1molMnO2)x(70.9gCl2/1mol Cl2) = 65.4 g Cl2

48.2gHClx(1molHCl/36.5gHCl)x(1molCl2/4molHCl)x(70.9gCl2/1molCl2) = 23.4 g Cl2

Less Cl2 is formed with the HCl, therefore HCl is limiting and 23.4 g Cl2 will be produced

Many of you may find the “mole method” easier for limiting reagent problems:
We have 74.7 g MnO2 = 74.7/86.9 = 0.86 moles MnO2 . We also have 48.2 g HCl = 48.2/36.5 = 1.32
mol HCl.
However, 0.86 mol MnO2 needs 4x0.86 = 3.44 mol HCl, we only have 1.32 mol HCl, so HCl is limiting
and (1/4)x1.32 = 0.33 mol Cl2 will be produced = 0.33x70.9 = 23.4 g Cl2

b) How much (g) of the excess reactant will be left over?

The excess reactant is MnO2 If we now use the mole method above, 1.32 mol HCl would react with
1.32/4 = 0.33 mol MnO2. But we had 0.86 mol MnO2, so 0.86–0.33 = 0.53 mol MnO2 will be left over
= 0.53x86.9 = 46 g MnO2 will remain (the excess MnO2 is 46g).

With the dimensional analysis method (which always works!!)

48.2gHClx(1molHCl/36.5gHCl)x(1molMnO2/4molHCl)x(86.9gMnO2/1molMnO2) = 28.6 g MnO2 will

react, so 74.7 –28.6 = 46 g will be left over .
Of course the answer is the same!

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