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ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
Trường Cơ Khí
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS...............................................................2
ABSTRACT....................................................................................3
ASSIGNMENT OF DUTIES........................................................4
LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................5
LIST OF TABLES..........................................................................6
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................7
1.1. A brief history of vacuum cleaner...............................................7
1.2. Materials and working principles of handheld vacuum cleaner
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Negative pressure.................................................................................................9
Electric motor.....................................................................................................10
Filter.................................................................................................................... 10
Attachments........................................................................................................10
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3.2.3. Disposal phase...........................................................................................18
3.3. Overall result.................................................................................................20
3.4 Comparison and conclusion............................................................................24
CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION...................................................25
REFERENCES............................................................................26
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ABSTRACT
Nowadays, eco-design has gradually become an imperative aspect in the
manufacturing process of every product. As future engineers, we are responsible
for adopting and finding new designing processes which minimize the negative
impacts of a product on the environment throughout its life cycle. In this project,
we use scientific methodologies to evaluate the consequences and minimize the
environmental impact of different light bulb designs at various stages of their life
cycles. In the end, we hope that we will gain some knowledge about environmental
protection and a broad insight on how to redesign methods, and a multi-
dimensional vision of the redesigned a product in practic
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ASSIGNMENT OF DUTIES
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LIST OF FIGURES
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LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. A brief history of vacuum cleaner
A few years later Walter Griffith of Birmingham, England, created one of the
first portable domestic vacuum cleaners – Griffith’s Improved Vacuum Apparatus
for Removing Dust from Carpets. Not as catchy as the Whirlwind!
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The Hoover company was founded and dominated the market for large part
of the 20th century. Indeed, ‘hoovering’ became synonymous with vacuum
cleaning.
Over in Europe, the Fisker and Nielsen company in Denmark (now Nilfisk)
was the first to sell vacuum cleaners in 1910. Its ‘lightweight’ C1 model was just
17.5kg.
It wasn’t until after the Second World War that the domestic vacuum cleaner
became popular for the middle classes. In the early 20th century, not only were
vacuums expensive but carpet was too. Instead, many households had rugs, which
would be cleaned by hanging them up and beating them.
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The past 30 years have seen more innovation in the vacuum marketplace.
James Dyson’s cyclonic bagless cleaners, first seen in 1986, were the first major
step forward for decades.
This design solved the problem of a vacuum losing suction once the bag
was getting full, and removed the need for buying and throwing away replacement
bags every couple of months.
Dyson’s initial designs were radical at the time, but nowadays are a
common visual language that many other manufacturers have followed.
Dyson was also at the forefront of a more recent innovation: the cordless
‘stick’ vacuum. The DC16 was the first handheld, cord-free, battery-powered
vacuum, launched in 2006, and in 2018 Dyson announced it would halt the
development of new corded machines.
Our testing shows that cordless stick vacs can hold their own with regards
to cleaning performance against their corded brothers, so it’s possible that within
the next 10 years corded vacs will become obsolete in the home.
The most recent innovation has been that of the robot vacuum cleaner.
Electrolux introduced the first robotic unit back in 2001: the Trilobite.
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Figure 2: Trilobite robot.
The past few years have seen an influx of models from many
manufacturers, including ones that can mop hard floors as well as vacuum carpet.
Currently robot vacs are probably not quite good enough to be seen as full
replacements for your stick or corded vac, but the pace of innovation in this field
indicates it may not be long before the days of pushing a noisy bag of dust around
your house singing I Want To Break Free once a week will be a distant memory.
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Figure 3: Handheld vacuum cleaner
Negative pressure
The simplest way to explain how vacuum cleaners can suck up debris is to think of
each like a straw. When you take a sip of drink through a straw, the action of
sucking creates a negative air pressure inside the straw: a pressure that is lower
than that of the surrounding atmosphere. Just like in space films, where a breach in
the spaceship’s hull sucks people into space, a vacuum cleaner creates a negative
pressure inside, which causes a flow of air into it.
Electric motor
Vacuum cleaners use an electric motor that spins a fan, sucking in air – and any
small particles caught up in it – and pushing it out the other side, into a bag or a
canister, to create the negative pressure. You might think then that after a few
seconds it would stop working, since you can only force so much air into a
confined space. To solve this, the vacuum has an exhaust port that vents the air out
the other side, allowing the motor to continue functioning normally.
Filter
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The air, however, does not just pass through and get ejected out the other side.
That would be very harmful to people using the vacuum. Why? Well, on top of the
dirt and grime that a vacuum picks up, it also collects very fine particles that are
almost invisible to the eye. If they are inhaled in large enough quantities, they can
cause damage to the lungs. Since not all of these particles are trapped by the bag or
canister, the vacuum cleaner passes the air through at least one fine filter and often
a HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Arresting) filter to remove almost all of the
dust. Only now is the air safe to be breathed again.
Attachments
The power of a vacuum cleaner is determined not just by the power of its motor,
but also the size of the intake port, the part that sucks up the dirt. The smaller the
size of the intake, the more suction power is generated, as squeezing the same
amount of air through a narrower passage means that the air must move faster. This
is the reason that vacuum cleaner attachments with narrow, small entry ports seem
to have a much higher suction than a larger one.
There are many different types of vacuum cleaner, but all of them work on the
same principle of creating negative pressure using a fan, trapping the sucked-up
dirt, cleaning the exhaust air and then releasing it. The world would be a much
dirtier place without them.
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CHAPTER 2. EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT
2.1. Idea of improvement
The average handheld vacuum cleaner uses around 150 W of energy per
hour, and only a quarter of that goes into sucking up dirt. The rest is wasted energy,
and remember that energy production is one of the largest sources of carbon
emissions. Therefore, in this project, We use inverter motor instead of using
universal motor like current vacuum cleaner brands to optimize energy saving. At
the same time, it combines a fan speed control system, and an indicator light to
help users know when the vacuum cleaner is hot, affecting the motor, causing heat
loss.
We also use PVC plastic instead of ABS plastic, and utilize existing plastic
pipes through improved design to increase environmental friendliness and reduce
pollution in product manufacturing and recycling.
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Figure 4: Recycled vacuum cleaner
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Figure 5: General components of vacuum cleaner
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2 Motor holder Material: stainless
steel
Number:1
Weight:60g
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6 Pipe diameter Material: PVC plastic
90mm Number: 1
Weight: 68g
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10 Pipe diameter Material: PVC plastic
20mm Number: 2
Weight: 20g
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14 Ardruino Used to load the code
and control the speed
and function of the
vacuum cleaner
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Figure 6: The Ecolizer 2.0 tool
There are other, more appropriate tools available for this purpose. Some materials
are not included because they are not available in European databases, such as
particularly specialized metal alloys, polymers, and textile items. In many
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circumstances, an estimate based on comparable indications is preferable to
ignoring the indicator entirely. More enhancements and improvements to the
Ecolizer will result from more studies based on the creators' findings and feedback.
With the Ecolizer 2.0, OVAM provides you with a scientifically sound tool that
may assist you in increasing the environmental safety of your design/product. We
attempted to make the Ecolizer 2.0 as thorough as possible; nevertheless, we
encourage designers and manufacturers that have access to more precise data to get
it included in central databases such as Eco-invent and databases under
construction in the EU.
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Figure 7: Product life cycle
Assumption is that all our assessment is calculated or considered during the period
of 3 000 hours (~ 4 years for 2h/day of use time). So, in the case of original
vacuum cleaner, we consider shell, dustbin, filter, fan, nozzle. In the case of our
recycled vacuum cleaner, we consider 1 solar panel of about 25 years life
span,shell, fan, filter, button, signal lights, fan speed control knob. The last
assumption is that since the life span of the solar panel easily exceeds 3 000 hours
(approximately 6 times greater), we did not count the solar panel in the disposal
phase.
3.2.1. Production phase:
Table 3: The production phase of the original vacuum cleaner
Production
Material or process Quantity Indicator Result
ABS 1kg 431 431
Injection moulding ABS 1kg 126 126
Rotation Forming 1kg 106 106
Hot element welding (30sec) 60s 2 4
/welding
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Stainless steel 0.1kg 551 55.1
Paper 0.02kg 261 5.22
Total 727.32
Production
Material or process Quantity Indicator Result
PVC 0.6kg 220 132
Solar panel 0.2kg 6.119 (Assume to be a 1223.8
rechargeable battery)
Paper 0.02kg 261 2.52
Stainless steel 0.1kg 551 55.1
Extrusion blow molding, 0.6kg 36 21.6
pipes/kg
Injection moulding 0.6kg 126 75.6
Polyvinylidenchloride 0.01kg 451 4.51
Total 1515.13
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Bảng 1: Comparison in the production phase
Comments:
The point of the original vacuum cleaner is 727.32 mpt and the recycled
vacuum cleaner system is 1515.13 mpt which is significantly higher. The
difference between the two is 787.81 points.
The reason for that is our system includes a solar panel which is not only
costly but also severely damages the environment during the production process
(approximately 6 mPt for 1 gram of mass).
This might appear to be a big drawback of our product. And it is, in short
term. However, in the long run, the life span of a solar panel is extremely high (~25
years), so we can reuse the solar panel many times. Besides, solar panels use solar
energy to generate power which is considered an eco– friendly power source. So,
in the long run, the solar panel is eco-friendlier than most other types of batteries
or power sources
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Table 5: The comsumption phase of the original vacuum cleaner
Consumption
Total 122400
Consumption
Total 7950
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Bảng 2: Comparison in the comsumption phase
Comments:
The point for the original vacuum cleaner in this phase is 122400 and for the
recycled vacuum cleaner is 7950. The difference is 114450 points.
The reason for that is that with handheld vacuum cleaner, we use the
universal motor during 3000 hour, while with our recycled vacuum cleaner, We use
inverter motor that uses electronics controls to vary the speed of the motor during
3000 hour. This type of motor is more efficient than traditional motors because it
can adjust its speed to match the cleaning task at hand. Inverter motors are also
quieter and have a longer lifespan than tradition motors. Therefore, the energy
consumption is lower by 28% for the recycled vacuum cleaner case (150kwh vs
450kwh). Furthermore, the energy indicator of the recycled vacuum cleaner is
significantly lower than that of the original vacuum cleaner (lower by 89.6%), this
is because our system uses solar energy, whereas the original vacuum cleaner
system uses electricity from non-eco – friendly sources. All these factors result in
the fact that during the consumption phase our product barely has any negative
impact on the environment (the score is lower by 92.5%).
3.2.3. Disposal phase
Table 7: The disposal phase of the original vacuum cleaner
Disposal
Material and type of Quantity Indicator Result
processing
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ABS scenario waste 1kg 45 45
treatment in EU
Paper scenario waste 0.02kg 9 0.18
treatment in EU
Stainless steel scenario 0.1kg 26 2.6
waste treatment in EU
Recycling stainless steel 0.1kg -475 -47.5
Total 0.28
Disposal
Material and type of Quantity Indicator Result
processing
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Bảng 3: Comparison in the disposal phase
Comments:
The point of the original vacuum cleaner is 0.28mpt and the recycled
vacuum cleaner system is -24.32 mpt which is lower. The difference between the
two is 24.6points.
The reason is that in this project, we use PVC plastic instead of ABS plastic
as original vacuum cleaner that the disposal indicator of the recycled vacuum
cleaner is lower than that of the original vacuum cleaner (lower by 24.5%). All of
that indicates the disposal process of our product is much eco-friendlier than that of
the original vacuum cleaner.
3.3. Overall result
Table 9: Life cycle assessment of the original vacuum cleaner
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Injection moulding ABS 1kg 126 126
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Table 10: Life cycle assessment of the recycled vacuum cleaner
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Total 7950
Disposal
Material and type of processing Quantity Indicator Result
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Comments:
On the whole, the burden on the environment of the recycled vacuum cleaner
is significantly lower than that of the original handheld vacuum cleaner (lower by
88.3%) .
Considering the environmental aspect, this result indicates a big
improvement.
However, when it comes to the ease of use, the simplicity in the
installation, and especially the cost of mass production, the original handheld
vacuum cleaner might generally be the better option. Although the recycled
vacuum cleaner still does its basic functions and works stably, original handheld
vacuum cleaners still have many outstanding utilities and functions.
Nevertheless, with the aspect of environmental protection and users do not
have the need for too many functions for a vacuum cleaner, our product will still be
a suitable product, meeting the basic problems for vacuum cleaners required
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CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION
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REFERENCES
[1] Ecolizer 2.0 Ecodesign tool: OVAM Ecolizer
[2] History of vacuum cleaner: https://www.consumer.org.nz/articles/a-brief-
history-of-the-vacuum-cleaner
[3] Work principle of vacuum cleaner:
https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/engineering/how-do-vacuum-cleaners-work/
[4] Handheld vacuum cleaner: https://www.consumerreports.org/handheld-
vacuum/best-handheld-vacuums-of-the-year-a3334493968/
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